Siemens 7PG21 Solkor Rf Technical Manual
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Siemens 7PG21 Solkor Rf Technical Manual

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Summary of Contents for Siemens 7PG21 Solkor Rf

  • Page 1 Reyrolle Protection Devices 7PG21 Solkor Rf Feeder Protection Answers for energy...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    Limited. No part of this document shall be reproduced or modified or stored in another form, in any data retrieval system, without the permission of Siemens Protection Devices Limited, nor shall any model or article be reproduced from this document unless Siemens Protection Devices Limited consent.

  • Page 3: Description Of Operation

    Limited. No part of this document shall be reproduced or modified or stored in another form, in any data retrieval system, without the permission of Siemens Protection Devices Limited, nor shall any model or article be reproduced from this document unless Siemens Protection Devices Limited consent.
  • Page 4 7PG21 Solkor Rf Description of Operation Contents 1 General ................................3 2 Description ................................. 4 3 Operation ................................6 4 Theory of Summation Transformer........................13 List of Tables Figure 1 Solkor Rf schematic..........................4 Figure 2 Solkor R schematic..........................4 Figure 3 Solkor Rf 15kV schematic ........................5 Figure 4 Through Fault, zero ohm pilots, Positive half cycle.

  • Page 5: General

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Description of Operation 1 General Solkor R & Rf are well established Pilot Wire Current Differential Protection for use with privately owned 2 core pilots with relatively high core resistance. Solkor R/Rf protection benefits from the following main features: •...

  • Page 6: Description

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Description of Operation 2 Description The Solkor Rf protection system (excluding current transformers) is shown below. The alternative basic Solkor R protection circuit is also shown Figure 1 Solkor Rf schematic Figure 2 Solkor R schematic Conversion of the Solkor Rf to Solkor R is arranged by wire links, internal to the relay.

  • Page 7: Installation

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Description of Operation For Solkor Rf with isolating transformers the value chosen should be as near as possible to ½(SV-R )/T ohms. where T = Isolating transformer tap. & SV = Standard resistance value for tap on transformers, 1780Ω...

  • Page 8: Operation

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Description of Operation 3 Operation Solkor R belongs to the circulating current class of differential protections which can be recognised by two main features. Firstly, the current-transformer secondaries are arranged to produce a current circulating around the pilot loop under external fault conditions.

  • Page 9: Figure 4 Through Fault, Zero Ohm Pilots, Positive Half Cycle

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Description of Operation Figure 4 Through Fault, zero ohm pilots, Positive half cycle. Figure 5 Through Fault, zero ohm pilots, Negative half cycle. Figure 4 & Figure 5 above represents the operations of Solkor R protection with zero ohm pilots so that the loop...

  • Page 10: Figure 6 Through Fault, 1000 Ohm Pilots, Positive Half Cycle

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Description of Operation Figure 6 Through Fault, 1000 ohm pilots, Positive half cycle. Figure 7 Through Fault, 1000 ohm pilots, Positive half cycle. At the other limiting condition the pilot resistance is a 1000 ohms loop and the circuit will be as shown in Figure 6 &...

  • Page 11: Figure 8 Through Fault Rf Mode, Positive Half Cycle

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Description of Operation Figure 8 Through fault Rf mode, positive half cycle Figure 9 Through fault Rf mode, negative half cycle Considering now the equivalent Solkor Rf circuit with 1000 ohms in each leg of the pilots as shown in Figure the voltage distribution shows that the bias voltage across the polarising diodes (D3, D4, D7 and D8) with this arrangement are effectively identical with the minimum values obtained in the Solkor R arrangement.

  • Page 12: Figure 10 Through Fault Rf Mode, Positive Half Cycle

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Description of Operation Figure 10 Through fault Rf mode, positive half cycle Figure 11 Through fault Rf mode, positive half cycle If the condition of zero pilots is then considered for Solkor Rf (i.e. with 1000 ohms padding in each relay), the circuit and voltage distribution are as shown in Figure 10 &...

  • Page 13: Figure 12 Internal Fault Rf Mode, Positive Half Cycle

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Description of Operation Figure 12 Internal fault Rf mode, positive half cycle Figure 13 Internal fault Rf mode, positive half cycle The application of pilot wire protection is generally in interconnected power systems so that it is reasonable to consider double end fed faults.

  • Page 14: Diagrams

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Description of Operation Figure 14 Single End Fed fault Rf mode, positive half cycle Figure 15 Single End Fed fault Rf mode, negative half cycle The single end fed internal fault conditions configure the circuit in a similar way to the double end fed internal fault but only one summation transformer has any output.

  • Page 15: Siemens Protection Devices Limited

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Description of Operation 4 Theory of Summation Transformer The main purpose of the summation transformer is to enable either balanced or unbalanced three phase currents to be re-produced as a single phase quantity. This makes it possible in a feeder protection to compare the various fault currents on a single phase basis over only two pilot cores.

  • Page 16: Performance Specification

    Limited. No part of this document shall be reproduced or modified or stored in another form, in any data retrieval system, without the permission of Siemens Protection Devices Limited, nor shall any model or article be reproduced from this document unless Siemens Protection Devices Limited consent.
  • Page 17 7PG21 Solkor Rf Performance Specification Contents 1 General..............................3 2 Characteristic Energising Quantity......................3 3 Application Limits ..........................3 4 Performance............................3 4.1 Solkor R/Rf Relay ........................3 4.2 Pilot Supervision Equipment......................4 4.3 Injection Intertripping ........................5 5 Environment ............................5 5.1 Temperature ..........................5 5.2 Humidity............................5 5.3 IP Ratings ............................5 6 Mechanical Durability ..........................5...
  • Page 18 7PG21 Solkor Rf Performance Specification 1 General 2 Characteristic Energising Quantity Rated Current (In) 0.5A 6.67A Auxiliary DC Supply Not required for Solkor R/Rf, required for Pilot Supervision, intertripping and guard only. Rated Frequency (f Operating Range 50 Hz 47Hz to 52Hz...
  • Page 19 7PG21 Solkor Rf Performance Specification Thermal Withstand (AC current) Multiple of rated current Continuous 20 minutes 2.8x 10 minutes 3.5x 5 minutes 4.7x 3 minutes 6.0x 2 minutes 7.3x 3 seconds 1 second 100x limited to 400A Operating Time R Mode...
  • Page 20 7PG21 Solkor Rf Performance Specification Supervision supply fail Hand Reset Flag relay (B22) Receive Repeat Relay Self Rest Flag Timing B74 Repeat Element Delay on drop off 400ms+-10% 4.3 Injection Intertripping Rating Vx, 110-125V dc Burden 1A at 125V dc full output...

  • Page 21: Applications Guide

    Limited. No part of this document shall be reproduced or modified or stored in another form, in any data retrieval system, without the permission of Siemens Protection Devices Limited, nor shall any model or article be reproduced from this document unless Siemens Protection Devices Limited consent.

  • Page 22: Settings

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Applications Guide Contents 1 General ................................3 2 Information Required when ordering ........................4 3 Equipment Options............................. 5 3.1 Solkor Plain Protection Schemes....................... 5 3.2 Pilot Supervision ............................5 3.2.1 5kV Schemes ........................... 5 3.2.2 15kV Schemes ..........................5 3.3 Injection Intertripping 5kV or 15kV ......................

  • Page 23: General

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Applications Guide General Solkor R & Solkor Rf are well established pilot wire feeder differential protections operating on the current balance principle. It is suitable for application on privately owned 2 core pilots with loop resistance up to 2000ohms to protect 2 ended feeder circuits up to 20km in length.

  • Page 24: Information Required When Ordering

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Applications Guide Information Required when ordering Solkor Protection relay • CT secondary Current Rating • Case Styles • Insulation level (5/15kV) • Set as R or Rf mode Pilot Supervision • Case Styles • System Frequency (50/60Hz) •...

  • Page 25: Equipment Options

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Applications Guide Equipment Options The following equipment lists provide an overview of the equipment normally required, highlighting differences for the various scheme options. These lists should be used in conjunction with the diagrams that follow. 3.1 Solkor Plain Protection Schemes...

  • Page 26: Overcurrent Guard Relay

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Applications Guide 3.4 Overcurrent Guard Relay Argus 1 or B69, 3P Overcurrent, or 2P Overcurrent + 1P Earth Fault relay Installation with Existing Solkor R relay. Existing Solkor R/Rf 5kV Pilots Solkor R in R mode Standard 5kV Plain Solkor Rf.
  • Page 27 7PG21 Solkor Rf Applications Guide 15kV Solkor Rf with Pilot Supervision. 1 1/2V 1 1/2V Solkor Rf Solkor Rf 15kV Pilots 15kV Isolation 15kV Isolation Transformer Transformer 15kV Pilot Supervision Send End 15kV Pilot Supervision Receive End AC Supply Supervision 5kV Plain Solkor Rf with Overcurrent Guard.
  • Page 28 7PG21 Solkor Rf Applications Guide 5kV Solkor R mode with One Way Injection Intertripping. Solkor R Solkor R 5kV Pilots Solkor R Inverter Initiating Contact 1 1/2V 5kV Solkor Rf mode with One Way Injection Intertripping. Solkor Rf Solkor Rf...
  • Page 29 7PG21 Solkor Rf Applications Guide ©2010 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 3 Page 9 of 15...

  • Page 30: 5/15Kv Isolation Voltage

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Applications Guide 5/15Kv Isolation Voltage Any electrical current which flows in a path parallel to the pilot cable will cause a voltage to be induced along the pilot cable. This voltage can become significant for large values of current, long lengths of parallel path and higher mutual coupling factors caused by poor screening or close proximity of current paths.

  • Page 31: Pilot Supervision

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Applications Guide 15kV isolation transformers are used. The limits are 1μF, 2μF and 4μF which impose accompanying pilot LOOP resistance limits of 1760Ω, 880Ω and 440Ω respectively. The pilot resistance is used in conjunction with settable padding resistance to achieve the stability biasing of the relay.

  • Page 32: Capacitive Charging Currents

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Applications Guide differential trip. This achieves intertripping of the remote end circuit breaker without the requirement of a dedicated additional communications channel or intertrip receive equipment and associated trip relay at the remote end. Additional equipment (TEC/B34) is required to disconnect the local end relay and apply suitable delays to achieve the best attainable compromise of remote end operation time when the injection signal is compared to the full range of possible measured remote end current.

  • Page 33: Current Transformer Requirements

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Applications Guide any transformer connected at the tapping point must be less than the minimum earth fault sensitivity of the relay at the feeder end. If a 20% tap off consists of a single large transformer, time lag relays may be required between the Solkor trip contact and the CB coil to improve stability by allowing for inrush conditions due transformer excitation.
  • Page 34 7PG21 Solkor Rf Applications Guide Example 33kV Overhead line 10km long = 0.28978 ohms/km R = 0.07765 ohms/km (Primary) CT ratio = 400:1 = 2 ohms CT wiring resistance, R , 30m long 7/0.67mm 2.5mm sq. at 7.4 ohms/km = 0.22 ohms...
  • Page 35 7PG21 Solkor Rf Applications Guide = 0.8309 + j3.9854 ohms 8309 9854 = 4.071 ohms Through Fault Current = 19.05x10 4.68kA 4.071 Through fault current = 4.68kA compared to 17.5kA Busbar fault current due to the effect of the line impedance.

  • Page 36: The Copyright And Other Intellectual Property Rights In This Document, And In Any Model Or Article Produced From It

    Limited. No part of this document shall be reproduced or modified or stored in another form, in any data retrieval system, without the permission of Siemens Protection Devices Limited, nor shall any model or article be reproduced from this document unless Siemens Protection Devices Limited consent.
  • Page 37 7PG21 Solkor Rf Settings Contents 1 Differential Protection settings ......................3 1.1 Protection Sensitivity ........................3 1.2 Pilot Resistance...........................3 2 Pilot Supervision..........................4 ©2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 4 Page 2 of 4...
  • Page 38 7PG21 Solkor Rf Settings 1 Differential Protection settings 1.1 Protection Sensitivity Protection sensitivity is fixed, based on secondary current rating, with the only settable variable being the use of the N/N1 tap. Different sensitivity is applicable to different phases and fault types.
  • Page 39 7PG21 Solkor Rf Settings 2 Pilot Supervision There are no variable settings associated with the Pilot Supervision system. ©2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 4 Page 4 of 4...

  • Page 40: The Copyright And Other Intellectual Property Rights In This Document, And In Any Model Or Article Produced From It

    Limited. No part of this document shall be reproduced or modified or stored in another form, in any data retrieval system, without the permission of Siemens Protection Devices Limited, nor shall any model or article be reproduced from this document unless Siemens Protection Devices Limited consent.
  • Page 41 7PG21 Solkor Rf Installation Contents 1 Unpacking, storage and handling ........................3 2 Recommended Mounting Position........................3 3 Relay Dimensions .............................. 3 4 Fixings................................3 4.1 Epsilon Cases ............................3 4.1.1 Crimps ............................3 4.1.2 Panel Fixing Screws ........................4 4.2 Vedette Cases ............................

  • Page 42: Unpacking, Storage And Handling

    If damage has been sustained a claim should immediately be made against the carrier and the local Siemens office should be informed, using the Defect Report Form in the Maintenance section of this manual.

  • Page 43: Panel Fixing Screws

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Installation 4.1.2 Panel Fixing Screws Typical mounting screw kit per Relay) Consists of 4 off M4x10mm Screws 4 off M4 Nuts 4 off M4 Lock Washer Typical rear terminal block fixing kit (1kit per terminal block fitted to relay) Consists of:...

  • Page 44: Figure 1. E2 Case

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Installation Figure 1. E2 Case Figure 2. E4 Case Figure 3. E6 Case ©2010 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 5 Page 5 of 7...

  • Page 45: Figure 4. Vedette C1½ Case

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Installation Figure 4. Vedette C1½ Case ©2010 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 5 Page 6 of 7...

  • Page 46: Figure 5. 15Kv Transformer Outline & Mounting Arrangement

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Installation Figure 5. 15kV Transformer Outline & Mounting Arrangement Figure 6. Intertripping Inverter Outline and Mounting Arrangement ©2010 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 5 Page 7 of 7...

  • Page 47: The Copyright And Other Intellectual Property Rights In This Document, And In Any Model Or Article Produced From It

    Limited. No part of this document shall be reproduced or modified or stored in another form, in any data retrieval system, without the permission of Siemens Protection Devices Limited, nor shall any model or article be reproduced from this document unless Siemens Protection Devices Limited consent.
  • Page 48 7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning Contents 1. Introduction ................................ 3 2. Solkor R/Rf Relay............................... 3 2.1 Test equipment required ..........................3 2.2 Test programme ............................3 2.3 Precautions..............................3 2.4 Connection..............................4 2.5 Secondary wiring insulation-resistance test ....................4 2.6 Pilot Tests ..............................5 2.6.1 Insulation-resistance test ........................

  • Page 49: Introduction

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning Introduction This section details operating recommendations for Solkor R and Solkor Rf current differential pilot wire feeder protection. It also covers optional pilot supervision schemes and intertripping schemes. Solkor R/Rf Relay 2.1 Test equipment required The following equipment is required:- •...

  • Page 50: Connection

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning 2.4 Connection Where isolating transformers are used the terminals connected to the pilots should be carefully checked to ensure that the same tap is used at each end. The protection should normally be connected on the N tapping. The N1 tapping should only be used where very low settings are required (e.g.

  • Page 51: Pilot Tests

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning Fig 1(b) Connect the test supply to simulate a yellow earth fault as shown in Fig. 1b. Inject a suitable value of primary current and check the readings on ammeters X and Y. The reading of ammeter X should equal the reading of the ammeter Y which is connected in the yellow phase C.T.

  • Page 52: Pilot Connection Check

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning ohms, 260 ohms and 500 ohms. One or more sections can be inserted by removing the appropriate link or links which are located on the link-board. Choose the same value at each end. It should be as near as possible to:...
  • Page 53 7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning On Epsilon cased relays, to perform this test, 4mm ‘banana’ plugs connected to the multipurpose ammeter (selected to DC milliamps) are required. Observe the polarity shown on the relay label. After connecting the meter, remove the test link.

  • Page 54: Circuit-Breaker Tripping Tests

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning Fig.2 Connections for Overall Fault setting Tests by Primary Injection 2.8 Circuit-breaker tripping tests If it has not been possible to make the tripping-tests described under "Overall fault Setting tests" perform the following test: Insert the d.c. supply links and fuses, and operate the relay by hand; tripping should occur only when the trip-links are inserted.
  • Page 55 If the pilots and current transformers are correctly connected the d.c. current in the operating coils of the relays should be negligible. If damage has been sustained a claim should immediately be made against the carrier and the local Siemens office should be informed.

  • Page 56: Alternative Tests If Primary Injection Equipment Is Not Available

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning 2.10 Alternative tests if primary injection equipment is not available If it is not possible to do the primary injection tests described under "Overall Fault Setting Tests" and "Current Transformer Ratio and Polarity Tests" then the relay operation should be checked by secondary injection and the C.T.

  • Page 57: Check Of Secondary Connections

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning each current transformer by comparing the secondary current in each phase with the corresponding primary current. Check the polarity of the current transformers; the reading of ammeter X in the neutral circuit should be negligible compared with the secondary phase-currents. Some current may exist in the neutral circuit due to unbalance of primary load current and/or secondary burden.

  • Page 58: Putting Into Service

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning 2.12 Putting into service To put the equipment into service, perform the following sequence of operations at each end of the feeder. Insert the supply links and fuses. Make a final inspection to ensure that the equipment is ready for automatic tripping. In particular check that the flag-indicator is re-set, that the metering test-link of each relay is firmly inserted and that all connections are tight.

  • Page 59: Solkor Rf Relay - Connections For Use In Solkor R Mode

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning 2.15 Solkor RF Relay – Connections for use in Solkor R Mode Solkor-R/Rf relays can be connected for operation in the Solkor-R mode. This flexibility allows the relays to be installed with Solkor-Rf relays at both feeder ends, or with a Solkor-R/Rf relay in the R mode at one end and a Solkor-R relay at the other.

  • Page 60: Pilot Supervision Equipment

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning Pilot Supervision Equipment 3.1 Introduction Prior to 1988 pilot supervision was only available in the Vedette drawout case and this equipment was manufactured suitable for 15kV Insulated pilot circuits. Thus it can be applied to both 5kV and 15kV schemes.

  • Page 61: Pilot Tests

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning 3.3.3 Pilot tests Before doing these tests, ensure that the pilot supervision relay and the transformer-rectifier supervision supply until are disconnected from the pilots. Follow the procedure described in the appropriate Operating Recommendations to check the pilot Insulation resistance, the pilot loop resistance, the correctness of the pilot connections and to select a suitable value of padding resistor.

  • Page 62: Test Of Guard Relays (Where Fitted)

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning 3.3.7 Test of guard relays (where fitted) If it has not been possible to check the operation of the guard relays by primary injection then the following tests should be done. Connect a temporary short circuit across the CT’s at both ends of the feeder. Disconnect the red phase guard relay from the CT secondary at one end of the feeder.

  • Page 63: Stability Tests

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning Switch on the a.c. supply to the transformer rectifier supply unit. Check that the pilot supervision receive relay operates and that the current recorded by the d.c. milli-ammeter in the pilots is not less than 4 milli-amperes.

  • Page 64: Solkor Intertripping

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning Fig 9 Current transformer connections are typical only. Earthing connections are typical only. 5kV Solkor Rf schemes omit the 15kV isolating transformers Solkor R connections are shown in the relay Installation Recommendations. An “E” above the connections indicates the Epsilon or Reymos case terminal numbers.

  • Page 65: Injection Intertripping - Solkor-R & Solkor-Rf

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning 4.2.3 Injection intertripping - Solkor-R & Solkor-Rf Injection intertripping is used where decisive intertripping is required, irrespective of the current in the protected feeder, and to avoid possible interaction between the injected signal and power frequency voltages. Its use also avoids the requirement for 5kV or 15kV insulated intertripping batteries.

  • Page 66: Commissioning

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning 4.3 Commissioning This publication gives details of the tests necessary to prove that the Solkor Rf injection intertripping equipment using a type TEC relay and a D.C./ A.C. inverter has been installed and is operating correctly.

  • Page 67: Putting Into Service

    7PG21 Solkor Rf Commissioning Fig 12. Test Circuit – Inverter 4.3.3 Putting into Service Restore all connections to their correct terminals. Insert D.C. supply links and fuses and intertrip links. Operate the intertrip send initiating contact at each end. Check that the remote end relay operates and that the correct alarms and indications are given.

  • Page 68: The Copyright And Other Intellectual Property Rights In This Document, And In Any Model Or Article Produced From It

    Limited. No part of this document shall be reproduced or modified or stored in another form, in any data retrieval system, without the permission of Siemens Protection Devices Limited, nor shall any model or article be reproduced from this document unless Siemens Protection Devices Limited consent.
  • Page 69 7PG21 Solkor Rf Diagrams Figure 1. 5kV Solkor Rf with Pilot Supervision ©2010 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 2 of 7...
  • Page 70 7PG21 Solkor Rf Diagrams Figure 2. 15kV Solkor Rf with Pilot Supervision ©2010 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 3 of 7...
  • Page 71 7PG21 Solkor Rf Diagrams Figure 3. Solkor Rf mode Intertripping ©2010 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 4 of 7...
  • Page 72 7PG21 Solkor Rf Diagrams Figure 4. Solkor Rf mode 2 stage Intertripping ©2010 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 5 of 7...
  • Page 73 7PG21 Solkor Rf Diagrams Figure 5. 5kV Solkor R mode Intertripping ©2010 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 6 of 7...
  • Page 74 7PG21 Solkor Rf Diagrams Figure 6. 5kV Solkor R mode 2 Stage Intertripping ©2010 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 7 of 7...
  • Page 75 Printed in Fürth Printed on elementary chlorine-free bleached paper. All rights reserved. Trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of Siemens AG, its affili- ates, or their respective owners. Subject to change without prior notice. The information in this document contains general descriptions of the technical options available, which may not apply in all cases.

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