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<
Example
l> Convert
"5AH"
in
Hexadecimal
to
a Decimal number.
(By
using
the table)
5AH
=
90
<Examp!e 2>
Convert "12
34H"
in
7-bit
Hexadecimal
to
a
Decimal number.
I
By
using
the table)
1
2H
=
I
8,
34H
= 52
So,
1
8
x
1
28 + 52 =
2356
<Example 3>
Convert
"0A 03
09
0D"
in
nibblized
form
to
a Decimal number.
(By
using
the table)
OAH
=
10,
03H
=
3,
09H
=
9,
ODH
= 13
So, |(10 x
16 +
3)
x
16 +
9)
x
16+
13 =
41885
<Example 4>
Convert
"1
258"
in
decimal form
to
a
nibblized
number
16)1258
16)
78.
.10
16)
4..
14
0.
.
4
(By using
the table)
=
00H, 4=04H,
1
4=0EH,
1
0=0AH
So,
00 04
0E
OAH
*
Example
o
f
actu
al
MIDI messages
<Examp!e
1
>
92
3E 5F
"9n"
is
a
status
of
a
Note
On
message,
and
"n"
is
a MIDI channel number.
The second
byte
is
the
Note number, and
the
third
is
Velocity
2H
=
2,
3EH
=
62,
5FH
=
95
So,
this
is
a
Note
On
message
of
MIDI channel=3, Note
number=62
(D4)
and
Velocity=95.
<Exampie 2>
CE
49
"Cn"
is
a
status
of
a
Program change message, and
"n"
is
a MIDI channel
num-
ber
The second
byte
is
a
Program number.
EH
=
14,
49H
=
73
So,
this
is
a
Program change message
of
MIDI channel=15,
Program
number=
74
(Flute
in
GS)
<Example 3>
EA
00
28
"EnH"
is
a
status of
a
Pitch
bend change
message,
and
"n"
is
a
MIDI channel
number
The second
byte
(00H)
is
an
LSB
and
the
third
(28H)
is
an
MSB
of
a
Pitch
bend
value.
The
Pitch
bend
value
is
28
00H
-
40
00H
=
40
x
128 +
—
(64
x
128 +
0)
=
51
20
—
81
92
=
-3072
So,
this
is
a
Pitch
bend change message
of
MIDI channel=l
1
Pitch
bend
value
= -3072
If
the
Pitch
bend
sensitivity
is
set to
2
semitones,
and
the
Pitch
bend
value
-8192
(00
00H)
is
defined as
-200
cents,
The
actual
pitch
bend
value
of
this
message
is
:
-200
x
(-3072)
+
(-8192) =
-75
cent
<Example
4>
B3
64 00 65 00 06
0C
26 00 64
7F
65
7F
"Bn"
is
a
status
of
a Control
change
message,
and
"n"
is
a MIDI
channel number.
The second
byte
is
a Control
number and
the
third
is
the value.
This
packet uses
the
running
status
rule,
that
is,
when
you
send a
series
of
mes-
sages
with the
same
status,
you can
omit
the following
status bytes.
This
message
contains
:
B3
64 00
MIDI
CH
=
4
(B3)
65 00
MIDI
CH
=
4
(B3)
06 0C
MIDI
CH
=
4
(B3)
26 00
MIDI
CH
= 4
(B3)
64
7F
MIDI
CH
= 4
(B3)
65
7F
MIDI
CH
= 4
LSB
of
RPN
parameter
number
:
00H
MSB
of
RPN
parameter
number
:
00H
MSB
of
Data
entry
:
0CH
LSB
of
Data
entry
;
00H
LSB
of
RPN
parameter
number
:
7FH
MSB
of
RPN
parameter
number
:
7FH
This
message
string
means
'send
data
"0C 00H"
to
RPN
parameter
number"00
00H,"
after that,
set
RPN
parameter
number
to
"7F
7F"'.
RPN
parameter
number "00
00H"
is
Pitch
bend
sensitivity
and
the
unit
of
the
MSB
value
is
a
semitone,
so
OCH
=
!
2
is
a
value
to set
the
Pitch
bend
sensitivity
-
1
2
semitones (one
octave).
GS
devices ignore
the
LSB value
of
Pitch
bend
sensitivity.
However, you
had
bet-
ter
send
both
MSB
and
LSB
(
= 00H)
to
maintain data
compatibility.
Once
an
RPN
or
NRPN
number
is
set,
all
the
Data
entry
messages
sent after
are
effective.
Sometimes
this
rule
may
cause a problem
if
the
MIDI data
is
played by
a
sequencer
and
it
is
operated
in
fast
forward
or
backward made.
It
is
rec-
ommended,
therefore, to
set
the
RPN
or
NRPN
number
to
7F
7FH
after
sending
the
Data
entry
messages.
'
7b use
running-status
lor
several
MIDI
events
like
<example
4>
in
song
data
(e.g.
Standard MIDI
File
data)
is
not
recommended.
There
may
be a sequencer which can
not
handle
such
data
correctly
when
it
is
operated
in
fast
forward
or
rewind
mode.
Entering a
status
byte
for
every event
is
the
reliable
way.
'
The
parameter
number
and
the
value of
RPN
or
NRPN
must be
sent
in
correct
order.
As
some
sequencers
may
send
those
recorded
data
in
a
different
order
(if
an
event
is
too close
to
another),
it is
recommended
to
place
each
event
on
a
differ-
ent
tick
leg
I
tick
deviation
lor
TPQn
=
96,
or
5
ticks
for
TPOn
=
480
is
recommended.)
»
Example
of
Roland System
Exclusive
messages and
Checksum
Roland System
Exclusive
messages (RQ1 and
DTI
)
have a
Checksum
at
the
end
of the
data
(just
before
EOX)
to
be
able
to
check
for
communication
errors.
The
Checksum
is
determined by
values
of
address
and
data
(or size)
included
in
the
message.
<How
to
calculate
Checksums>
|"H"
indicates
Hexadecimal.)
The
error
checking process
employs
a sum-check
error detection.
It
provides
binary
bit
figures
whose
lower
7
bits
ore zero
when
values
for
on
address,
data
(or
size)
and
the
Checksum
are
summed
One
practical
equation
to
determine
Checksum
is
If
the
address
is
"ad bb ccH"
and
the
data
(or the
sue)
is
"dd
ee
ffH"
ad
+
bb
+
cc
+ dd
+ ee
+
ff
=
sum
sum
-;
]
28
=
quotient
...
remainder
1
28
—
remainder =
checksum
<Example
1
>
Set
"REVERB
MACRO"
to
"ROOM
3"
According
to
the
Parameter Address
Map,
the
Address
of
REVERB
MACRO
is
40
01
30H, and
the
Value corresponding
to
ROOM
3
is
02H
So,
the
message
should
be
:
£2
41 JO
42
12 40
01
30
02
£?
F_7
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
address
size
checksum
(6)
(1
(Exclusive
Status,
(2)ID (Roland),
(3)Device
ID
(
'6)
(4)Model
ID
(GS),
(5)Command
ID
(DTI),
(6)End
of
Exclusive
The Checksum
is
:
40H
+
01H
+
30H
+
02H
=
64+ 1+48
+
2=
115
(sum)
115
(sum)-
1
28 =
(quotient)
...
1
1
5
(remainder)
checksum
=
1
28
—
1
1
5
(remainder)
=13
=
ODH
Therefore, the
message
to
send
is
:
F0 41 10
42
1
2
40
01
30 02
0D
F7
<Example 2>
To
request
LEVEL
of
NOTE NUMBER
75
(Ds5: Claves)
in
DRUM MAP
1
NOTE NUMBER
75
(D#5)
is
4BH
in
Hexadecimal
The Address
of
"LEVEL
of
NOTE NUMBER
75
(D#5;
Claves)
in
DRUM MAP
1
"
is
41
02
4BH,
and
the
size
is
00 00
01
H. So,
the
message
should
be
:
F0
4J.
JO
42
J!
41
02
4B
00 00
01
?|
£7
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
address
data
checksum
(6)
(1
(Exclusive Status, (2)ID
(Roland), (3)Device
ID (16)
(4)Model
ID
(GS),
(5)Command
ID
(DTI
),
(6)End
of
Exclusive
The Checksum
is
:
41H
+
02H
+
4BH
+
0OH
+
OOH
+
01H
= 65
+
2
+
75
+
O
+
0+
1
=
143
(sum)
143
(sum) -
128 =
1
(quotient)
...
15
(remainder!
checksums
128
—
15
(remainder)
=
113
=
71
Therefore, the
message
to
send
is
:
F0 41 10
42
1
1
41
02
4B
00 00
01 71
F7
<Example 3>
Set
"MASTER TUNE"
to
+23.4
cents
by System
Exclusive
The Address
of
"MASTER TUNE"
is
40 00 00H
The Value should be
nibblized
data
whose
resolution
is
0.1 cents,
and
which
is
a signed value
(00
04 00
00H
(=
1
024)
=
0).
+23.4[cents]
=
234
+ 1024 =
1
258
=
04
EAH
=
00 04 0E
OAH
(nibblized)
So,
the
message
should
be
:
£S
41
JO 42
12 40 00 00
00 04
0E
0A
??
£7
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
address
data
checksum
(6)
(l)Exclusive
Status,
(2)ID (Roland),
(3)Device
ID (16)
(4)Model
ID
(GS),
(5)Command
ID
(DTI
),
(6)End
of
Exclusive
The Checksum
is
:
40H
+
00H
+
00H
+
00H
+
04H
+
0EH
+
OAH
=
64
+
+
+
+ 4 + 14 + 10 =
92
(sum)
92
(sum)
+
1
28
=
(quotient)
...
92
(remainder)
checksum =
1
28
—
92
(remainder)
=
36 =
24H
Therefore, the
message
to
send
is
:
F0
41
1
42
1
2
40
00 00 00 04
0E
0A
24
F7
115
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