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Copyright 2002-2003 by Exabyte Corporation. All rights reserved. This item and the OPYRIGHT information contained herein are the property of Exabyte Corporation. No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or computer language in any form or by any means,...
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The Exabyte VXA-2 tape drive is warranted to be free from defects in materials, parts, RODUCT and workmanship, and conforms to the current product specification. For the specific ARRANTY details of your warranty, refer to your sales contract or contact the company from which AUTION you purchased the tape drive.
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1-800-392-8273 (Exabyte Media) To return equipment for service Exabyte Service 1-303-417-7791 (US) Teleplan-800-673-5719 (Canada) 1-303-417-7199 (fax) If it is more convenient to your location, contact Exabyte Technical Support in Europe at the following numbers: Phone: +31-30-254-8890 Fax: +31-30-258-1582 1009541 RODUCT...
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Cleaning the Tape Drive ..............27 Determining When to Clean the Tape Drive......27 Using a Cleaning Cartridge ............28 Resetting the Tape Drive ..............28 4 4 4 4 Troubleshooting ....... 29 Problems and Solutions..............29 Tape Drive Will Not Accept a Cartridge ........
ATAPI/IDE, and FireWire interfaces. Chapter 8 provides specifications for the tape drive, including performance, reliability, power, and environmental specifications. This chapter also provides safety and regulatory agency standards compliance information. Glossary provides definitions of terms used in this book. 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
To download a PDF version of an Exabyte publication, visit the Exabyte web site (www.exabyte.com). Note: The VXA-2 publications are included as PDF files on the CD that accompanies your tape drive. VXA-2 Publications VXA-2 SCSI Reference Manual, 1009566...
External models can also be stacked. Neither model can be installed upside down. The internal model of the VXA-2 tape drive is available with either a wide, Ultra2 SCSI low-voltage differential (LVD) interface or an IDE/ATAPI interface.
Chapter 1 VXA-2 F EATURES OMPONENTS This section describes the major components of the tape drive. RONT ANEL OMPONENTS Figure 1-2 Figure 1-3 show the controls and indicators on the front panel of the tape drive. For more information about using these controls and...
SCSI Connector (SCSI model only) Used to connect the tape drive to the SCSI bus. This is a standard 68-pin wide, Ultra2 SCSI LVD connector. (See Table 7-4 for pin assignments.) SCSI ID Jumper Block (SCSI model only) Used to set the SCSI ID. 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
Grounding Tab and Hole Used to provide additional chassis grounding. (The mounting screws also provide grounding for the tape drive.) RF Service Connector Used for Exabyte Service only. Power Connector Used to connect a power cable from the enclosure’s power supply.
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68-pin, wide, Ultra2 LVD connectors. SCSI ID Switch (SCSI tape drive only) Used to set the SCSI ID. FireWire Connector (FireWire tape drive only) Used to connect the tape drive to the host system FireWire controller. 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
Chapter 1 VXA-2 F EATURES RIVE ABELS The VXA-2 tape drive includes two labels that show the tape drive’s part number, serial number, revision, connector type, and agency information (see Figure 1-8 Figure 1-9 for examples). Depending on the model tape drive you have, the labels on your tape drive may differ.
NSTALLATION This chapter provides step-by-step instructions for installing the internal and external models of the VXA-2 tape drive. The information in this chapter expands on the instructions in the Quick Start guide that accompanied your tape drive. NPACKING THE RIVE All Exabyte tape drives are tested, inspected, and carefully packaged at the factory.
Install the SCSI host bus adapter card — Make certain the SCSI host bus adapter card installed in the host computer is LVD and compatible with the tape drive. Exabyte does not recommend connecting the tape drive to a RAID controller.
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Chapter 2 I NSTALLATION b. b. b. b. Set SCSI termination (term) power, if necessary. You can use the auxiliary connector to enable the terminator power signal. (The tape drive is shipped from the factory with termination power disabled.) To enable termination power, place a jumper across the far right pins on the auxiliary connector, as shown in Figure 2-3.
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SCSI connector Power connector to SCSI adapter card Terminator from host computer power supply Figure 2-5 Connecting a SCSI cable (tape drive is last device on the bus) 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
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Chapter 2 I NSTALLATION Connect the power cable and mount the drive in the enclosure 1. 1. 1. 1. Connect the power cable. Locate the enclosure’s internal power cable and connect it to the tape drive’s power connector, as shown in Figure 2-4 Figure 2-5.
Before you begin hardware installation, do the following: Select your application software — To obtain information about which software applications work with the tape drive, visit Exabyte’s web site (www.exabyte.com). You can install the software application on the host computer before or after you install the tape drive. However, if you install the software first, you may need to reconfigure it for use with the tape drive.
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Note: If the tape drive is the only device on the bus, or if it is configured as Master, Exabyte recommends connecting the tape drive at the end of the IDE bus. Table 2-1 Selecting the IDE/ATAPI configuration Use Cable Select...
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If the tape drive is the only device on the bus, or if it is configured as Master, Exabyte recommends connecting the tape drive at the end of the IDE bus. If desired, you can mount the tape drive (see...
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Chapter 2 I NSTALLATION Connect the power cable and mount the drive in the enclosure 1. 1. 1. 1. Connect the power cable. Locate the enclosure’s internal power cable and connect it to the tape drive’s power connector, as shown in Figure 2-4 Figure 2-5.
Install an LVD SCSI host bus adapter — Make certain the SCSI host bus adapter card installed in the host computer is LVD and compatible with the tape drive. Exabyte does not recommend connecting the tape drive to a RAID controller.
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Make sure the cable is a wide Ultra2 SCSI LVD cable with a 68-pin, high-density male connector. See Table 7-5 for cable specifications. Do not use a noncompliant SCSI cable; it will degrade VXA-2 performance and Caution can cause random, nonreproducible errors. See Table 7-5 for cable specifications.
Only Windows XP , Windows 2000, Windows ME, and Win98 SE Important support FireWire (IEEE 1394) devices. If you are using an earlier version of Windows, you must upgrade your operating system if you want to use the VXA-2 FireWire tape drive. 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
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Install your application software — To obtain information about which software applications work with the tape drive, visit Exabyte’s web site (www.exabyte.com). You can install the software application on the host computer before or after you install the tape drive. However, if you install the software first, you may need to reconfigure it for use with the tape drive.
RIVE NTEGRATING THE RIVE After installing the VXA-2 tape drive, you may need to integrate it with your backup application and computer operating system. The CD included with the tape drive provides device drivers for use with several computer operating systems.
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Chapter 2 I NSTALLATION Notes 1009541 RODUCT ANUAL...
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Door 1 2 3 Status LEDs Eject button Figure 3-1 Internal drive: front-panel components Door 1 2 3 Power LED Status LEDs Eject button Figure 3-2 External drive: front-panel components 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
Chapter 3 O PERATION ONITORING THE The VXA-2 tape drive uses four LEDs to indicate its operational status, as shown in Table 3-1. Table 3-1 LED states Operation LED #2 LED #3 LED #4 LED #1 Pattern Operational Conditions Power-on self-test...
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Chapter 4 for troubleshooting information. If the tape drive is in Boot Block Mode, try power cycling the drive. If it remains in Boot Block Mode, load new firmware. VXA-2 firmware is available at www.exabyte.com. If a self-test fails, clean the tape drive with a VXAtape cleaning cartridge. If the failure still occurs, try a new tape.
VXAtape cartridges. See page 27 for storage guidelines. The VXA-2 tape drive only operates with VXAtape data cartridges. Do not attempt Caution to use other types of cartridges, or you may damage the tape drive. ETTING THE...
Circulating air may introduce debris into the tape path. If debris builds up on the heads, error rates increase and backups take longer because the tape drive must rewrite the data. The VXA-2 tape drive includes an internal cleaning wheel to remove contamination from the tape path.
Do not use any cleaning method other than the VXAtape Cleaning Cartridge (or a Caution cleaning cartridge approved by Exabyte for use with VXA drives). Using other cleaning methods may void the tape drive’s warranty. Do not rewind and reuse the material in a cleaning cartridge. Reuse may redistribute contaminants previously removed from the tape path.
ROUBLESHOOTING This chapter describes problems that you might encounter while operating the VXA-2 tape drive and provides suggestions for resolving the problems. Note: The Support section of the Exabyte web site, www.exabyte.com, also provides helpful troubleshooting tips. ROBLEMS AND OLUTIONS...
If the tape drive is an external model, the enclosure’s fan may not be working properly and you should return the tape drive for service. If you cannot determine the cause of the over-temperature condition yourself, contact Exabyte Technical Support (see page iv). RIVE...
To obtain information about which operating systems and software applications are compatible with the VXA-2 tape drive, visit the Support section of Exabyte’s web site, www.exabyte.com. If necessary, install device drivers for the tape drive during the software installation.
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Note: If the tape drive is the only device on the bus, or if it is configured as Master, Exabyte recommends connecting the tape drive at the end of the IDE bus. Is there a broken cable or defective connector? Try another, known-good cable.
Is a terminator installed at the physical end of the SCSI bus? Try another SCSI terminator. 4. 4. 4. 4. Contact Exabyte Technical Support. If you cannot resolve the problem yourself, contact Exabyte Technical Support (see page iv). LED C...
Be sure to use a VXAtape Cleaning Cartridge. The cartridge is incompatible with the VXA-2 drive. Be sure to use a VXAtape cartridge. If you are trying to write data, the cartridge may be write-protected. Check the switch on the edge of the cartridge.
Remove and keep all cartridges, cables, and terminators. If a cartridge is stuck in the tape drive, do not attempt to manually extract it.You Caution could damage the cartridge or tape drive. If necessary, contact Exabyte Technical Support for assistance. 3. 3. 3. 3.
PGRADING IRMWARE You can obtain firmware for the VXA-2 tape drive from the Exabyte web site or from Exabyte Technical Support. To upgrade the software, you need to use VXA2Tool, a diagnostic software application that uses the host computer to transfer the firmware over the tape drive’s SCSI, IDE/ATAPI, or FireWire...
The target device responds to commands from the host by performing the requested operation (for example, writing or reading data on magnetic tape) and returning status information. 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
VERVIEW OF THE OMMAND ROTOCOL The VXA-2 tape drive is available with a parallel SCSI, IDE/ATAPI, or FireWire communication interface. All three communication interfaces provide a method of passing SCSI command descriptor blocks (CDBs) over an bus. The differences between the interfaces arise primarily from how each interface handles device addressing and how each handles transmitting SCSI commands, data, and status between the host and the tape drive.
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WRITE BUFFER Transfers new microcode from the initiator into the tape drive’s EEPROM. WRITE FILEMARKS Causes the tape drive to write any data remaining in its buffer, then to write one or more filemarks or setmarks to tape. 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
Table 6-3 describes the sense keys supported by the tape drive. Refer to the VXA-2 Tape Drive SCSI Reference for a detailed explanation of the information returned by the REQUEST SENSE (03h) command.
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Indicates that the last WRITE or WRITE FILEMARKS command reached the Overflow physical end of tape (PEOT) and that data may remain in the buffer. Miscompare Indicates that the source data did not match the data read from the tape. 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
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Chapter 6 O VERVIEW OF THE OMMAND ROTOCOL Notes 1009541 RODUCT ANUAL...
VERVIEW OF THE OMMUNICATION NTERFACE This chapter provides an overview of the communication interfaces available for the VXA-2 tape drive, including: Communication interface management SCSI interface requirements IDE/ATAPI interface requirements FireWire interface requirements Chapter 6 for information about the SCSI command protocol used by the tape drive.
SCSI M ESSAGE SYSTEM The SCSI message system allows communication between a SCSI initiator and the VXA-2 tape drive for interface management. A message can be one byte or multiple bytes. Table 7-1 describes the SCSI messages that the tape drive supports.
IDE interface (the ATA protocol) while allowing both ATA and ATAPI devices to be used on the same interface. Communication between the initiator and the VXA-2 tape drive is through a bank of I/O registers that are directly addressable by the initiator. When the host issues an ATA command, all of the command parameters and then the command itself are written into the I/O registers.
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Chapter 7 O VERVIEW OF THE OMMUNICATION NTERFACE Table 7-2 Supported ATA commands ATA Command Hex Code Description No operation. The tape drive responds as it does to an unrecognized command. It sets Abort in the Error register, Error in the Status register, clears BSY in the Status register, and asserts INTRQ.
EQUIREMENTS SCSI I NTERFACE EQUIREMENTS The VXA-2 tape drive is available with a wide, Ultra2 low-voltage differential (LVD) SCSI interface. This section provides general information about the specifications for the tape drive’s Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), including: SCSI cable requirements...
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Chapter 7 O VERVIEW OF THE OMMUNICATION NTERFACE Table 7-3 SCSI cable and connector specifications Specification Requirement General Wide, LVD SCSI-3 Connector 68-pin male Maximum length 12 meters (39.2 feet) § No greater than 0.1 meters should be used off the mainline connection within any Stub length connected equipment.
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Or, if there is an unused connector at the end of the SCSI cable, you can terminate the bus there. Note: If you will be installing the tape drive in an enclosure and using an external terminator, you must install an AMP 796051-1 (SE/LVD Multi-mode), or an equivalent LVD terminator. 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
Chapter 7 O VERVIEW OF THE OMMUNICATION NTERFACE XTERNAL RIVE This section describes the cable, connector, and terminator requirements for the external LVD SCSI tape drive. SCSI Cable Requirements For the external tape drive, select a cable that complies with the SCSI-3 specification and meets the requirements listed in Table 7-5.
Data bus bit 12 Data bus bit 2 DD13 Data bus bit Data bus bit 1 DD14 Data bus bit 14 Data bus bit 0 DD15 Data bus bit 15 Ground Ground Reserved (keypin) DMARQ DMA Request 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
Assumes a 2:1 compression ratio. Actual compressed capacity varies depending on the type of data being recorded. The VXA-2 tape drive uses the ALDC (Adaptive Lossless Data Compression) algorithm and integrated circuit chip. The ALDC algorithm is compliant with the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) standard.
§ No formatting or conditioning required prior to use. § 30-year archival life. The VXA-2 drive can read or write VXA-1 formatted tapes. However, the VXA-1 tape drive cannot read and write VXA-2 formatted tapes, nor can it use the V23 cartridge.
In addition to maximum search speed, the mid-tape reposition times depend on acceleration, deceleration, and read positioning to location. ELIABILITY PECIFICATIONS Table 8-5 provides reliability specifications for the VXA-2 tape drive. Table 8-5 Reliability specifications Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) 300,000 hours; 12% duty cycle Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) 30 minutes...
Chapter 8 S PECIFICATIONS IZE AND EIGHT Table 8-6 shows the dimensions and width for the internal and external tape drives. The internal tape drive is a 5.25-inch form factor drive for integration into an enclosure. The external tape drive is a standalone unit that can fit on a desktop.
(3.38) Figure 8-2 Physical dimensions of the external model in millimeters (and inches) OWER PECIFICATIONS This section lists the power specifications for the VXA-2 tape drive. NTERNAL RIVE The power specifications listed in this section are in addition to any requirements for the enclosure in which it is installed.
Table 8-8 defines the power specifications. Note: The VXA-2 tape drive does not provide overvoltage or overcurrent protection, except for TERMPWR, which has a resettable fuse. Safety agency certification per IEC-950 requires that the supplied voltages be from a Safety Extra-Low Voltage source.
Table 8-12 Acoustic noise specifications (internal drive) Operating Mode Powered on, idle, read, or write 40 L High-speed search or rewind (up to 2-minute duration) 42 L The average A-weighted sound pressure level over the frequency range 5 Hz – 12.5 kHz. 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
Chapter 8 S PECIFICATIONS Table 8-13 shows the acoustic noise levels for the external tape drive. When measured in the external enclosure, these levels do not exceed the upper limits specified in the table. Table 8-13 Acoustic noise specifications (external drive) Operating Mode Powered on, idle, read, or write 43 L...
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Figure 8-3 Internal drive: Operating temperature and humidity ranges Table 8-15 Internal drive: Operating temperature and humidity points Point Temperatures Humidity 5°C 32°C 45°C 45°C 5°C 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
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Chapter 8 S PECIFICATIONS External Tape Drive: Operating Temperature and Humidity Figure 8-4 provides the ambient temperature and humidity requirements for the external tape drive. The area within the dotted line represents the operating environment. Table 8-16 defines the points on the chart. Operation of the external tape drive within these requirements will maintain the proper tape path temperature of the tape drive.
You can access temperature data through the LOG SENSE command (see the VXA-2 SCSI Reference). Particulate Contamination Limits The VXA-2 tape drive is designed to operate in environments that do not exceed the limits listed in Table 8-17.
Chapter 8 S PECIFICATIONS Vibration Specifications Table 8-19 lists the operating specifications that indicate the amount of vibration the tape drive can withstand while reading and writing data. Table 8-19 Vibration specifications Random vibration applied during operation (reading and writing) 10 Hz PSD = 0.0011480 g 500 Hz...
(–1,000 to 40,000 ft) The cartridge is in its original packaging. When the cartridge is moved from a cooler storage environment to a warmer operating environment, it must acclimate in its packaging for 24 hours to prevent damage from condensation. 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
Chapter 8 S PECIFICATIONS ACKAGING AND HIPPING PECIFICATIONS This section describes the packaging and shipping requirements for the tape drive. HIPPING ARTONS The tape drive is sealed in a static protection bag and shipped in a single-pack or multi-pack carton. Table 8-21 lists the weights and dimensions of the shipping cartons.
The system integrator is responsible for the certification and verification of the final product into which the VXA-2 tape drive is integrated, with the relevant product safety, and EMI and EMC standards.
NITED TATES ECLARATION OF ONFORMITY We declare under our sole responsibility that: Product Name: VXA-2 Tape Drive Model Numbers: VXA-2 (internal); VXA-2e (external) Product Options: All To which this declaration relates, is in conformity with the following standard(s) or other normative documents: ANSI C63.4-1992 Methods of Measurement...
AIWAN This device has been tested and found to comply with standard CNS 13438, Class B for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) as established by the Taiwan Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA), Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection (BSMI). 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
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Chapter 8 S PECIFICATIONS Notes 1009541 RODUCT ANUAL...
The VXA-2 drive has a 2-MB buffer. Bus In a network, the electrical pathway between a computer and other devices.
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Chapter Discrete Packet Format (DPF) The format used by the VXA-2 tape drive to read and write data in packet form. Data packets also contain a synchronization marker, unique address information, CRC, and ECC. Driver A program that works with a computer’s operating system to operate a peripheral device.
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Partition A self-contained area on a tape that can be written and read independently to make more efficient use of the media. The VXA-2 tape drive accommodates two partitions. Read-After-Write (RAW) A process that improves data integrity by reading data immediately after it is written and writing the packet again if an error is found.
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Chapter Setmark A mark written by the tape drive to allow fast searching to a point on the tape without having to know the number of records or filemarks that precede the point. A setmark is a special recorded element within a partition, that contains no user data, and provides a segmentation scheme hierarchically superior to filemarks for use in addressing or fast positioning on high-capacity storage devices (also called Save-Set Mark).
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ATA bus using description See also ATAPI protocol chassis grounding 4, 10, See also IDE/ATAPI drive cleaning ATA commands instructions LED indicators 24, ATA communication interface cleaning wheel ATA Packet commands See SCSI commands command protocol, definition 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
ESD protection 8, 10, 13, connectors, back panel Exabyte, contacting iv, external drive external drive internal drive installing the FireWire drive See also SCSI connectors installing the SCSI drive...
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24, IDE/ATA connector load cycles specification power connector load/unload time SCSI connector LVD SCSI requirements POST 12, 16, 19, power cable connecting to external FireWire drive connecting to external SCSI drive connecting to internal drive 12, 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
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NDEX power connector SCSI connectors location (external model) location (external model) location (internal model) location (internal drive) pin assignments pin assignments specifications for internal drive power LED, location (external model) SCSI drive power specifications cable and connector requirements AC power consumption, external tape connector locations (external model) drive connector locations (internal model)
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SCSI bus external drive internal drive transfer rate troubleshooting unload button See eject button unload/load time unpacking upgrading firmware vibration specifications voltage specifications voltages, DC power VXA-1 compatibility VXA2Tool, using 34, VXAtape See cartridges 2003 VXA-2 ECEMBER...
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