Page 1 Agilent Technologies 3458A Multimeter User’s Guide Manual Part Number: 03458-90014 Printed in U.S.A...
Page 2 DURATION OF WARRANTY: 1 year 1. Agilent Technologies warrants Agilent hardware, accessories and supplies against defects in materials and workmanship for the period specified above. If Agilent receives notice of such defects during the warranty period, Agilent will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective.
Page 3: Safety Symbols
Agilent Technologies assumes no liability for the customer's failure to comply with these requirements. Ground the equipment: For Safety Class 1 equipment (equipment having a protective earth terminal), an uninterruptible safety earth ground must be provided from the mains power source to the product input wiring terminals or supplied power cable.
Page 4: Declaration Of Conformity
Ray Corson Date Product Regulation Program Manager For further information, please contact your local Agilent Technologies sales office, agent or distributor. Authorized EU-representative: Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH, Herrenberger Strabe 130, D 71034 Böblingen, Germany Revision: B.01 Issue Date: March 2001...
Page 5 Preface This manual contains installation information, operating and programming information, and configuration information for the 3458A Multimeter. The manual consists of the following chapters: Chapter 1 Installation and Maintenance This chapter contains information on initial inspection, installation, and maintenance. It also contains lists of the multimeter' s available options and accessories.
Page 7: Table Of Contents
Contents Chapter 1 Installation and Maintenance Sending a Remote Command ......43 Introduction ............15 Getting Data from the Multimeter ....43 Initial Inspection ............ 15 The Local Key ..........44 Options and Accessories ........16 Chapter 3 Configuring for Measurements Installing the Multimeter ........
Page 8 Deleting States ..........75 Math Operations ..........116 Using the Input Buffer ........... 75 Real-Time vs. Post-Process ......116 Using the Status Register ........75 Enabling Math Operations ......116 Reading the Status Register ......77 Math Registers ..........117 Interrupts ............
Page 9 APER .............. 160 OFORMAT ............ 209 ARANGE ............160 OHM, OHMF ..........213 AUXERR? ............161 OPT? .............. 213 AZERO ............162 PAUSE ............214 BEEP .............. 164 PER ..............215 CAL ..............164 PRESET ............216 CALL .............. 164 PURGE ............
Page 10 Math Operations ..........262 Covers Installation Procedure ......318 Subprogram Definition/Deletion ....263 Appendix D Optimizing Throughout and Subprogram Execution Commands ....263 Reading Rate Looping and Branching ........263 Introducing the 3458A ........321 Binary Programs ..........263 Application Oriented Command Language ... 321 New Multimeter Commands .......
Page 11 Capturing the Data ..........352 Errors in Measurements ........358 High Speed Data Transfers ........355 Amplitude Errors ........... 359 Software Help The Wave Form Analysis Library 355 Trigger and Timebase Errors ......361 Starter Main Program ........357 Contents 11...
Page 12 12 Contents...
Page 13 Chapter 1 Installation and Maintenance Introduction ............15 Initial Inspection ............ 15 Options and Accessories ........16 Installing the Multimeter ........17 Grounding Requirements ......... 17 Line Power Requirements ........ 17 Setting the Line Voltage Switches ....18 Installing the Line Power Fuse ......18 Power Cords .............
Page 14 Chapter 1 Installation and Maintenance...
Page 15: Introduction
1.5A NTD (Qty 1 for 100/120 operation) • Keyboard Overlay (Qty. 2) • Switch Lockout Caps (Qty. 2) If the multimeter is damaged or the contents are incomplete, promptly notify the nearest Agilent Technologies office. Chapter 1 Installation and Maintenance...
Page 16: Options And Accessories
Options and Accessories Table 1 lists the available options, and Table 2 lists the available accessories for the multimeter. Table 1. Available Options Description Option Part Number for Number Field Retrofit Extended Reading Memory (expands to a total 03458-87901 of 148k-bytes) High Stability Reference (4ppm/year) 03458-80002 Waveform Analysis Library...
Page 17: Installing The Multimeter
Installing the Multimeter This section discusses the multimeter's grounding and power requirements and contains instructions for installing the multimeter. (Refer to Appendix C for instructions on how to install the switch lockout caps.) Figure 1 shows the multimeter's rear panel. Many of the rear panel connectors and switches are referenced in this section.
Page 18: Setting The Line Voltage Switches
Table 3. Line Voltage Limits Nominal Value (RMS) Allowable Limits (RMS) 100 VAC 90 VAC to 110 VAC 120 VAC 108 VAC to 132 VAC 220 VAC 198 VAC to 242 VAC 240 VAC 216 VAC to 250 VAC Setting the Line The line voltage selection is pre configured according to the country to which it is shipped.
Page 19: Connecting The Gpib Cable
Power Cords Australia Denmark Europe Great Brittain Switzerland U.S.A U.S.A. Country Part Number Option Voltage Australia 8120-1369 250V 6A Denmark 1820-2956 259V 6A Europe 1820-1689 250V 6A Great Brittain 1820-1351 250V 6A Switzerland 1820-2104 250V 6A United States 1820-1378 120 10A United States 1820-0698 240V 10A...
Page 20: The Gpib Address
Figure 4. Typical GPIB Connections A total of 15 devices can be connected together on the same GPIB bus. The cables have single male/female connectors on each end so that several cables can be stacked. The length of the GPIB cables must not exceed 20 meters (65 feet) total, or 2 meters (6.5 feet) per device, whichever is less.
Page 21: Installation Verification
Installation The following program verifies that the multimeter is operating and can communicate with the controller over the GPIB bus. Verification 10 PRINTER IS 1 20 OUTPUT 722;"ID?" 30 ENTER 722; IDENT$ 40 PRINT IDENT$ 50 END If the multimeter has been correctly installed, the message HP 3458A will be printed on the designated system printer.
Page 22: Repair Service
Figure 5. Current Terminal/Fuse Assembly Repair Service You may have the multimeter repaired at an Agilent Technologies service center whether it is under warranty or not. Contact the nearest Agilent Sales Office for shipping instructions prior to returning the instrument.
Page 23: Chapter 2 Getting Started
Chapter 2 Getting Started Introduction ............25 Before Applying Power ......... 25 Applying Power ............. 25 Power-On Self-Test .......... 25 Power-On State ..........25 The Display ............26 Operating from the Front Panel ......27 Making a Measurement ........28 Changing the Measurement Function ....
Page 24 Chapter 2 Getting Started...
Page 25: Introduction
Chapter 2 Getting Started Introduction This chapter is intended for the novice multimeter user. It shows you how to use the multimeter's front panel, how to send commands to the multimeter from remote, and how to retrieve data from remote. Since front panel operation is discussed first, it covers important topics such as the power-on state, display annunciators, the various ways to select or enter parameters, and how to make a simple DC voltage measurement.
Page 26: The Display
Table 5. Power-On State Command Description ACBAND 20, 2E6 AC bandwidth 20Hz - 2MHz AZERO ON Autozero enabled DCV AUTO DC voltage, autorange DEFEAT OFF Defeat disabled DELAY -1 Default delay DISP ON Display Enabled EMASK 32767 Enable all error conditions END OFF Disable GPIB EOI function EXTOUT ICOMP, NEG...
Page 27: Operating From The Front Panel
Table 6. Display Annunciators Display Annunciator Description SMPL Flashes whenever a reading is completed The multimeter is in the GPIB remote mode The multimeter has generated a GPIB service request TALK The multimeter is addressed to talk on GPIB LSTN The multimeter is addressed to listen on GPIB AZERO OFF Autozero is disabled...
Page 28: Making A Measurement
Making a In the power-on state, DC voltage measurements are selected and the multimeter automatically triggers and selects the range. In the power-on Measurement state, you can make DC voltage measurements simply by connecting a DC voltage to the input terminals as shown in Figure 7. The connections shown in Figure 7 also apply for AC voltage, 2-wire resistance, AC+DC voltage, digitizing, and frequency or period measurements from a voltage input source.
Page 29: Autorange And Manual Ranging
Table 7. Function Keys In addition to the functions selected by the FUNCTION keys, the multimeter can perform direct-sampled or sub-sampled digitizing, ratio measurements, and AC or AC+DC voltage measurements using the synchronous or random measurement methods. These functions can be selected from the front panel by accessing the appropriate command(s) using the alphabetic menu keys (these keys are discussed later in this section under "Using the MENU Keys").
Page 30: Self-Test
Notice the display's MRNG (manual range) annunciator is on. This annunciator is on whenever you are not using autorange. Manual Ranging The second choice lets you manually select the range. When the multimeter is in the measurement mode (that is, the multimeter is making and displaying measurements or the display is showing OVLD) you can change the range by pressing the up or down arrow keys.
Page 31: Reading The Error Register
If the self-test failed, one or more error conditions have been detected. Refer to the next section "Reading the Error Register". Reading the Error Whenever the display's ERR annunciator is illuminated, one or more errors have been detected. A record of hardware errors is stored in the auxiliary Register error register.
Page 32: Resetting The Multimeter
(unshifted). Resetting the Many times during operation, you may wish to return to the power-on state. The front panel Reset key returns you to the power-on state without having Multimeter to cycle the multimeter's power. To reset the multimeter, press: Reset The multimeter begins the reset process with a display test which illuminates all display elements including the annunciators as shown in Figure 8.
Page 33: Selecting A Parameter
Table 8. Configuration Key Functions We will use the Trig key to demonstrate how to use the configuration keys. Press: Trig The display shows: This is the command header for the trigger command. Notice the multimeter automatically placed a space after the command header. Selecting a Parameter For parameters that have a list of choices (non-numeric parameters), you can use the up and down arrow keys to review the choices.
Page 34: Default Values
Press: The display shows: When using the up or down arrow keys, if you step past the last parameter choice, a wraparound occurs to the other end of the menu. Suppose you want to suspend triggering. Press the up or down arrow key until the display shows: Press: Enter You have now changed the trigger event from auto (power-on state) to HOLD...
Page 35: Exponential Parameters
demonstrate numeric parameters. Press: NPLC This display shows: Notice that if you press the up or down arrow key, no parameter choice is displayed. This means there is no menu and you must enter a number. For example, press: Enter You have now selected 1 power line cycle of integration time for the A/D converter.
Page 36: Using The Menu Keys
The second parameter of the NRDGS command specifies the event that initiates each reading. Since this is not a numeric parameter, a menu is available for this parameter. Use the up or down arrow keys to cycle through the list of choices. When the display shows: Execute the command by pressing: Enter You have now selected five readings per trigger event.
Page 37: Query Commands
eliminates the GPIB bus-related commands, commands that are seldom used from the front panel, and any commands that have dedicated front panel keys (e.g., the NPLC key or the Trig key). Query Commands There are a number of commands in the alphabetic command directory that end with a question mark.
Page 38: Display Editing
Clear Back Space Display Editing The Back Space key allows you to edit parts of a command string while entering the string or when the string is recalled (discussed later), For alpha parameters or command headers, pressing the Back Space key once erases the entire parameter or header.
Page 39: Digits Displayed
arrow keys. MORE INFO Display In addition to scrolling the display left and right, the Display/Window keys allow you to view additional display information when the display's MORE INFO annunciator is illuminated. For example, access and execute the SETACV RNDM command from the alphabetic command menu. Now press the front panel ACV key.
Page 40: User-Defined Keys
User-Defined Keys You can assign a string of one or more commands to each of the USER keys labeled f0 - f9. After assigning a string to one of these keys (maximum string length is 40 characters), pressing that key displays the string on the display. You can then execute the string by pressing the Enter key.
Page 41: Installing The Keyboard Overlay
this section. After editing the string, press the Enter key to execute the string. (The previous string is still assigned to the user-defined key.) An edited string cannot be re-assigned to a user-defined key. If you want to change a key definition, you must repeat the above steps.
Page 42: Operating From Remote
Figure 10. Installing the keyboard overlay Operating from Remote This section shows you the fundamentals of operating the multimeter from remote. This includes reading and changing the GPIB address, sending a command to the multimeter, and retrieving data from the multimeter. Input/Output The statements used to operate the multimeter from remote depend on the computer and its language.
Page 43: Changing The Gpib Address
A typical display is: The displayed response is the device address. When sending a remote command, you append this address to the GPIB interface's select code (normally 7). For example, if the select code is 7 and the device address is 22, the combination is 722.
Page 44: The Local Key
30 END The same technique allows you to get readings from the multimeter. Whenever the multimeter is making measurements and you have not enabled reading memory (reading memory is discussed in Chapter 4), you can get a reading by running the following program. 10 ENTER 722;A 20 PRINT A 30 END...
Page 45: Chapter 3 Configuring For Measurements
Chapter 3 Configuring for Measurements Introduction ............47 Nested Subprograms ........73 General Configuration ........... 47 Autostart Subprogram ........73 Self-Test ............47 Compressing Subprograms ......73 Reading the Error Registers ......48 Deleting Subprograms ........74 Calibration ............48 Using State Memory ..........
Page 46 Chapter 3 Configuring for Measurements...
Page 47: Introduction
Chapter 3 Configuring for Measurements Introduction This chapter shows how to configure the multimeter for all types of measurements except digitizing. This chapter also shows you how to use subprogram and state memory, the input buffer, and the status register. After using this chapter to configure the multimeter for your application, you can then use Chapter 4 to learn how to trigger readings and transfer them to reading memory or the GBIB output buffer.
Page 48: Reading The Error Registers
annunciator illuminates. Reading the Error When a hardware error is detected, the multimeter sets a bit in the auxiliary, error register and also sets bit 0 in the error register.When a programming Registers error is detected, the multimeter sets a bit in the error register only. The ERRSTR? command reads each error (one error at a time) and then clears the corresponding bit.
Page 49: Running Autocal
routine are: • The DCV routine enhances all measurement functions. This routine takes about 1 minute to perform. • The AC routine performs specific enhancements for AC or AC+DC voltage (all measurement methods), AC or AC+DC current, direct- or sub-sampled digitizing (AC- or DC-coupled), frequency, and period measurements.
Page 50: Selecting The Input Terminals
the CALSTR command; this can be read later using the CALSTR? command.) The following example shows how to use the TEMP? command to monitor the multimeter's internal temperature (in degrees Celsius). 10 OUTPUT 722;"TEMP?" 20 ENTER 722;A 30 PRINT A 40 END The autocal constants are stored in continuous memory (they remain intact when power is removed).
Page 51: Guarding
Table 9: Input Ratings Rated Input Maximum Non- Destructive Input HI/LO W Sense to LO Input: ± 200V peak ± 350V peak HI to LO W Sense:Input: ± 200V peak ± 350V peak LO Input to Guard: ± 200V peak ±...
Page 52: Presetting The Multimeter
Presetting the The PRESET NORM command is similar to the RESET command but configures the multimeter to a good starting point for remote operation. Multimeter (RESET is primarily for front panel use.) It's a good idea to execute PRESET NORM as the first step when configuring the multimeter since it sets the multimeter to a known configuration and suspends readings by setting the trigger event to synchronous (TRIG SYN) command.
Page 53: Specifying A Measurement Function
30 END In addition to the PRESET NORM command, the multimeter has a PRESET FAST command (configures for fast readings and transfers), which is discussed in Chapter 4, and a PRESET DIG command (configures for DCV digitizing) which is discussed in Chapter 5. Specifying a The first parameter of the FUNC command selects the measurement function.
Page 54: Specifying The Range
OUTPUT 722;"ARANGE ONCE" Now when triggering begins, the multimeter will select the correct range and then disable autorange. Later, if you need to enable autorange, send: OUTPUT 722; "ARANGE ON" Specifying the Range You specify a fixed range using the first parameter of one of the function commands (ACV, DCV, OHM.
Page 55: Dc Current
DC voltage measurements on the 1V range, send: OUTPUT 722;"DCV 1" Table 12: DC Voltage Ranges DCV Range Full Scale Reading Maximum Resolution Input Resistance 100mV 120.00000mV 10nV >10GW* 1.20000000V 10nV >lOGW* 12.0000000V 100nV >lOGW* 100V 120.000000V 1µV 10MW 1000V 1050.00000V 10µV 1OMW...
Page 56: Resistance
OUTPUT 722;"DCI 10E-6" Table 13: DC Current Ranges DCI Range Full Scale Reading Maximum Resolution Shunt Resistor lOOnA 120.000nA 545.2kW 1µA 1.200000µA 45.2kW 10µA 12.000000µA 5.2kW 100µA 120.00000µA 10pA 730W 1.2000000mA lOOpA 100W 10mA 12.000000mA 100mA 120.00000mA 10nA 1.0500000A 100nA 0.1W Figure 12.
Page 57: 2-Wire Ohms
Table 14: Resistance Ranges OHM(F) Range Full Scale Reading Maximum Resolution Current Sourced 10MW 12.000000MW 500nA 100MW 120.00000MW 500nA 1.2000000GW 100W 500nA 2-Wire Ohms Two-wire ohms is most commonly used when the resistance of the test leads is much less than the value being measured. If the lead resistance is large compared to the resistance to be measured, readings will be inaccurate.
Page 58: Configuring The A/D Converter
Figure 14. 4-Wire ohms measurement connections Configuring the A/D The A/D converter's configuration determines the measurement speed, Converter resolution, accuracy, and normal mode rejection for DC or ohms measurements. The factors that affect the A/D converter's configuration are the reference frequency, the specified integration time, and the specified resolution.
Page 59: Setting The Integration Time
the multimeter has a power line frequency of 60 Hz and the device being measured has a power line frequency of 50 Hz. For this application you can achieve NMR by setting the reference frequency to 50 Hz as follows: OUTPUT 722;"LFREQ 50"...
Page 60: Specifying Resolution
select the integration time that provides adequate speed while maintaining an acceptable amount of resolution and NMR. The specifications tables in Appendix A show the relationship of integration time to digits of resolution and NMR for DC and ohms measurements. Specifying Integration Time For DC or ohms measurements, you can specify the integration time directly (in seconds) using the APER (aperture) command.
Page 61: Autozero
For DC or ohms measurements (and analog AC measurements), resolution is determined by the A/D converter's integration time. When you specify a resolution, you are actually indirectly specifying an integration time. Since the APER or NPLC command can also specify an integration time, an interaction occurs when you specify resolution as follows: •...
Page 62: Offset Compensation
inaccurate 4-wire ohms measurements. Offset Compensation Because a resistance measurement involves measuring the voltage induced across the resistance, any external voltage present (offset voltage) will affect the measurement accuracy. With offset compensation enabled, the multimeter corrects resistance measurements by canceling the effects of the offset voltage.
Page 63: Synchronous Sampling Conversion
frequency ranges shown in Table 15. Notice that when measuring AC+DC voltage using the analog method, for example, any AC components below 10Hz are not included in the measurement. Note When taking measurements on the 10mV and 100mV ranges using any AC measurement method, it is possible for radiated noise (such as transients caused large motors turning on and off) to cause inaccurate readings.
Page 64: Ac Or Ac+Dc Current
Analog RMS Conversion The analog RMS conversion directly integrates the input signal and is the method selected when power is applied. This method works well for measuring signals in the frequency range of 10 Hz to 2 MHz and can provide the fastest reading rate of the three methods.
Page 65: Frequency Or Period
measures the DC component and the AC component with frequencies > 10Hz. Notice that when measuring AC+DC current, any AC components below 10Hz are not included in the measurement. The maximum resolution for AC or AC+DC current is 6½, digits. Table 16 shows each current range and its full scale reading, maximum resolution, and the shunt resistor used.
Page 66: Specifying Bandwidth
LEVEL command in Chapter 6 for more information. Table 17: FSOURCE Parameters FSOURCE Definition Measurement Capabilities Parameter Frequency Period AC-coupled AC voltage input 1Hz — 10MHz 100ns — 1s ACDCV DC-coupled AC voltage input 1Hz — 10MHz 100ns — 1s AC-coupled AC current input 1Hz —...
Page 67: Setting The Integration Time
important that the specified bandwidth (particularly the specified low frequency) corresponds to the frequency content of the input signal. Setting the Integration time is the period of time that the A/D converter measures the input signal. For analog AC measurements, the integration time determines Integration Time the maximum digits of resolution and, along with the specified bandwidth affects the measurement speed.
Page 68: Specifying Resolution
if you specify 60 PLCs of integration time, the multimeter averages six 10 PLC readings. Typically, you should select the integration time that provides adequate speed while maintaining an acceptable amount of accuracy and resolution. Table 18 shows the relationships between integration time and digits of resolution for analog AC measurements.
Page 69: When To Specify Resolution
For analog AC measurements, if you default, the %_ resolution parameter, the integration time will be that specified by the last NPLC command executed. For sampled ACV or ACDCV, random sampling (SETACV RNDM) has a fixed resolution of 4.5 digits that cannot be changed. For synchronous sampling (SETACV SYNC) a %_resolution parameter of 0.001 = 7.5 digits;...
Page 70: Configuring For Ratio Measurements
percent for the synchronous conversion method or 0.4 percent for the random conversion method.) The following program selects AC voltage measurements using the synchronous sampling conversion. The maximum expected input voltage is 10 volts and a %_resolution parameter of .1 selects 5.5 digits resulting in an actual resolution of l mV.
Page 71: Specifying Ratio Measurements
Specifying Ratio To specify ratio measurements, you first select the measurement function for the signal measurement (and the measurement method for AC or AC+DC Measurements voltage) and then enable ratio measurements using the RATIO command. For example, the following program specifies AC voltage ratio measurements (on the 10V range) using the synchronous sampling conversion.
Page 72: Executing A Subprogram
DCCUR1. 10 OUTPUT 722;"SUB DCCUR1" 20 OUTPUT 722;"MEM FIFO" 30 OUTPUT 722;"TRIG HOLD" 40 OUTPUT 722;"DCI 1,.01" 50 OUTPUT 722; "NRDGS 5, AUTO" 60 OUTPUT 722;"TRIG SGL" 70 OUTPUT 722; "SUBEND" 80 END If you create a new subprogram using the same name as an existing subprogram, the new subprogram overwrites the old subprogram.
Page 73: Nested Subprograms
Subprogram execution can also be resumed by sending the GPIB Group Execute Trigger (this does not in itself trigger a reading: it merely resumes subprogram operation). Nested Subprograms You can use a subprogram to call another subprogram (nested subprograms). For example, when the following subprogram is called (CALL 1 command), it takes 10 DC voltage readings and then calls the previously stored subprogram DCCUR1.
Page 74: Deleting Subprograms
The following program statement compresses the previously stored subprogram named DCCUR1. OUTPUT 722; "COMPRESS DCCUR1" Deleting The DELSUB command deletes a particular subprogram. For example, to delete the subprogram named DCCUR1 send: Subprograms OUTPUT 722; "DELSUB DCCUR1" You can also delete all stored subprograms and all stored states using the SCRATCH command.
Page 75: Deleting States
OUTPUT 722;"RSTATE ACST1" From the front panel, you can view all stored state names by accessing the RSTATE command and pressing the up or down arrow key. Once you have found the correct state, press Enter to recall the state. Deleting States You can delete a single stored state using the PURGE command.
Page 76 • Subprogram complete • High or low limit exceeded • SRQ command executed • Power turned-on • Ready for instructions • Error • Service requested • Data available. When one of these events occurs, it sets a corresponding bit, in the status register.
Page 77: Reading The Status Register
which removed the error bit but left bit 6 set, Bit 7 (weight = 128) Data Available--a reading or query response is available in the output buffer. Reading the Status The STB? query command reads the status register and returns the weighted sum of all set bits.
Page 78 enabled still respond to their corresponding conditions. They do not, however, set bit 6 or assert SRQ. The following program is an example of interrupts using HP Series 200/300 BASIC. 10 !HI/LO LIMIT EXCEEDED,ERROR, POWER CYCLED INTERRUPT 20 OUTPUT 722;"PRESET NORM" 30 OUTPUT 722;...
Page 79: Chapter 4 Making Measurements
Chapter 4 Making Measurements Introduction ............81 AC Bandwidth .......... 105 Triggering Measurements ........81 Offset Compensation ........ 105 The Trigger Arm Event ........82 High-Speed DCV Example ....... 105 The Trigger Event ..........82 High-Speed OHM (or OHMF) Example .. 105 The Sample Event ..........
Page 80 Chapter 4 Making Measurements...
Page 81: Introduction
Chapter 4 Making Measurements Introduction This chapter discusses the methods for triggering measurements, the reading formats, how to use reading memory, and how to transfer readings across the bus. This chapter also discusses how to increase the reading rate and GPIB bus transfer speed, how to measure the reading rate, how to use the multimeter's EXTOUT signal, and how to use the math operations.
Page 82: The Trigger Arm Event
The Trigger Arm When the specified trigger arm event occurs, it arms the multimeter's triggering mechanism. That is, the trigger arm event enables a subsequent Event trigger event. You specify the trigger arm event using the TARM command. The Trigger Event When the specified trigger event occurs (and the trigger arm event has already occurred), it enables a subsequent sample event.
Page 83: Making Single Readings
OUTPUT 722;"TARM AUTO” !Resumes readings suspended by TARM HOLD, PRESET FAST, or PRESET DIG OUTPUT 722; "TRIG AUTO" !Resumes readings suspended by TRIG HOLD or PRESET NORM Making Single The NRDGS command specifies the number of readings made per trigger event and the sample event that initiates each reading.
Page 84: Multiple Trigger Arming
50 OUTPUT 722;"NRDGS 10, AUTO" !10 READINGS/TRIGGER, AUTO SAMPLE EVENT 60 OUTPUT 722;"TRIG SGL" !TRIGGER READINGS 70 ENTER 722;Rdgs(*) !ENTER READINGS 80 PRINT Rdgs(*) !DISPLAY READINGS 90 END Multiple Trigger The second parameter of the TARM command allows you to specify multiple trigger arming.
Page 85: Making Timed Readings
"High-Speed Mode" later in this chapter for more information. In the following program, the PRESET NORM command sets the trigger event to synchronous. Line 40 specifies 15 readings per synchronous trigger event. Line 50 requests data from the multimeter. This satisfies the synchronous trigger event and initiates the readings.
Page 86: Making Delayed Readings
with a 1 second interval between readings (this is shown in Figure 18). 10 OPTION BASE 1 !COMPUTER ARRAY NUMBERING STARTS AT 1 20 DIM Rdgs(8) !DIMENSION ARRAY FOR 8 READINGS 30 OUTPUT 722;"PRESET NORM" !TARM AUTO, TRIG SYN, DCV AUTORANGE 40 OUTPUT 722;"SWEEP 1,8"...
Page 87: External Triggering
Figure 19. DELAY with SWEEP (or TIMER) Default Delays If you have not specified a delay interval, the multimeter automatically determines a delay time (default delay time) based on the present measurement function, range, resolution, and the AC bandwidth setting. This delay time is actually the settling time allowed before readings, which ensures accurate measurements.
Page 88: Event Combinations
The following example uses EXT as the sample event. The trigger event is synchronous (selected by the PRESET NORM command). The number of readings per trigger event is set to 10. When the controller executes line 50, the synchronous event occurs which enables the sample event (EXT). Upon the arrival of a negative edge transition on the Ext Trig terminal, the multimeter takes a single reading, which is transferred, to the controller.
Page 89 Table 21. Event Combinations Trigger Arm Trigger Sample Description Event Event Event AUTO AUTO One reading is taken per sample event (if the sample event is AUTO, readings are taken continuously). AUTO AUTO, EXT, TIMER, After a negative edge transition on the Ext Trig input, one LINE, LEVEL reading is taken per sample event until the specified number of readings are completed.
Page 90 Table 21. Event Combinations Trigger Arm Trigger Sample Description Event Event Event LINE AUTO, EXT, TIMER, After a negative edge transition on the Ext Trig input followed LINE by the power line voltage crossing zero volts, one reading is taken per sample event until the specified number of readings are completed.
Page 91 Table 21. Event Combinations Trigger Arm Trigger Sample Description Event Event Event After executing the TARM SGL command, followed by the controller requesting data , which satisfies both SYN events, the first reading is taken. One reading is then taken per SYN event until the specified number of readings are completed.
Page 92: Reading Formats
Reading Formats This section discusses the ASCII, single integer (SINT), double integer (DINT). single real (SREAL), and double real (DREAL) formats that can be used for storing readings or for outputting readings on the GPIB. Storing readings in memory is described later in this chapter under "Using Reading Memory";...
Page 93: Single Real
Single Real The single real (SREAL) format conforms to IEEE-754 specifications. This format has 32 bits, 4 bytes per reading as follows: S EEE EEEE E MMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM byte 0 byte 1 byte 2 byte 3 Where: S = sign bit (1 = negative 0 = positive) E = base two exponent biased by 127 (to "decode"...
Page 94: Using Reading Memory
The SREAL number is then calculated by: ´ ´ 1.56471443177 = -6.1121657491E-3 Double Real The double real (DREAL) format conforms to IEEE-754 specifiations and contains 64 bits (8 bytes) per reading as follows: byte 0 byte 1 byte 2 byte 3 S EEE EEEE EEEE MMMM MMMM MMMM...
Page 95: Memory Formats
clearing any stored readings by sending: OUTPUT 722;"MEM CONT" Memory Formats Readings can be stored in one of five formats: ASCII, single integer (SINT), double integer (DINT), single real (SREAL), or double real (DREAL). The memory space required for each format is: ASCII - 16 bytes per reading SINT -...
Page 96: Recalling Readings
• ASCII This memory format can be used for any measurement function/multimeter configuration. Since ASCII has the greatest. number of bytes per reading, you should use it only when the output format is ASCII, measurement speed is not critical, and the number of readings to be stored is not great.
Page 97: Using Implied Read
in memory. 10 OUTPUT 722;"TARM HOLD" !SUSPEND READINGS 20 OUTPUT 722."DCV 1" !DC VOLTAGE, 1V RANGE 30 OUTPUT 722;"MEM FIFO" !ENABLE READING MEMORY, FIFO MODE 40 OUTPUT 722;"TRIG AUTO" !AUTO TRIGGER EVENT 50 OUTPUT 722;"NRDGS 10,AUTO" !10 READINGS/TRIGGER, AUTO SAMPLE EVENT 60 OUTPUT 722;"TARM SGL,8"...
Page 98: Sending Readings Across The Bus
10 OPTION BASE 1 !COMPUTER ARRAY NUMBERING STARTS AT 1 20 DIM Rdgs(200) !DIMENSION ARRAY FOR 200 READINGS 30 OUTPUT 722;"PRESET NORM" !TARM AUTO, TRIG SYN, DCV AUTORANGE 40 OUTPUT 722;"NRDGS 200,AUTO" !200 READINGS/TRIGGER, AUTO SAMPLE EVENT 50 OUTPUT 722;"MEM FIFO" !ENABLE READING MEMORY, FIFO MODE 60 OUTPUT 722;"TRIG SGL"...
Page 99: Output Termination
Note When using the SINT or DINT memory/output format, the multimeter applies a scale factor to the readings. The scale factor is based on the multimeter’s measurement function, range, A/D converter setup, and enabled math operations. You should not use the SINT or DINT format for frequency or period measurements;...
Page 100: Dint Example
command is specific to Hewlett-Packard 200/300 controllers using BASlC language). The TRANSFER statement is the fastest way to transfer readings across the GPIB, especially when used with the direct memory access (DMA) GPIB interface. You should use the TRANSFER statement whenever measurement/transfer speed is important.
Page 101: Using The Sreal Output Format
Using the SREAL The following program shows how to convert 10 readings output in the SREAL format. Output Format 10 OPTION BASE 1 !COMPUTER ARRAY NUMBERING STARTS AT 1 20 INTEGER Num_readings !DECLARE VARIABLE 30 Num_readings=10 !NUMBER OF READINGS = 10 40 ALLOCATE REAL Rdgs(l:Num_readings) !CREATE ARRAY FOR READINGS 50 ASSIGN @Dvm TO 722...
Page 102: Increasing The Reading Rate
readings to the computer using the DREAL format. The ENTER statement is easier to use since no I/O path is necessary but is much slower than the TRANSFER statement. Also when using the ENTER statement, you must use the FORMAT OFF command to instruct the controller to use its internal data structure instead of ASCII.
Page 103: Configuring For Fast Readings
the output buffer when a new reading is available.) If reading memory is enabled in the FIFO mode and reading memory becomes full in the high-speed mode, the trigger arm event becomes HOLD which stops readings and removes the multimeter from the high-speed mode. After removing some or all of the readings from memory, you can resume measurements by changing the trigger arm event (TARM command).
Page 104: Integration Time And Resolution
Table 22: Commands Executed by PRESET FAST Command Reason DCV 10 Selects DC voltage measurements on the 10V range, which disables autorange. The autorange function samples the input before each reading, taking more time per reading than readings made on a fixed range.
Page 105: Triggering Setup
Frequency or period measurements: The integration time does not affect frequency or period measurements. For these measurements, the specified resolution (which also selects gate time) has a major effect on the reading rate. The specifications in Appendix A show reading rates for frequency and period measurements based on the specified resolution.
Page 106: High-Speed Dci Example
70 OUTPUT 722;"TARM SGL" !TRIGGER READINGS 80 END High-Speed DCI Example The following program measures DC current at the fastest possible rate. 10 OUTPUT 722;"PRESET FAST" !DCV, 10V RANGE, TARM SYN, TRIG AUTO 20 OUTPUT 722;"APER 1.4E-6"I !LONGEST INTEGRATION TIME POSSIBLE FOR !MAXIMUM READING RATE 30 OUTPUT 722;"MFORMAT SINT"...
Page 107: High-Speed Transfer Across Gpib
50 OUTPUT 722;"ACV 10" !AC VOLTS, 10V RANGE 60 OUTPUT 722;"NPLC 0.1"" !0.1 PLC INTEGRATION TIME 70 OUTPUT 722;"ACBAND 10E3,20E3" !SIGNAL BETWEEN 10kHz AND 20kHz 80 OUTPUT 722;"NRDGS 100, AUTO" !100 READINGS/TRIGGER, AUTO SAMPLE EVENT 90 OUTPUT 722;"TARM SGL" !TRIGGER READINGS 100 END Fast ACI/ ACDCI Example The following program measures AC current at a fast rate.
Page 108: High-Speed Transfer From Memory
The following program transfers readings directly to the controller at the fastest possible rate. This program configures the multimeter to take readings at its maximum rate of >100k readings per second. Readings are output using the SINT format. If the bus/controller cannot transfer readings at >200k bytes per second, the reading rate will be slower.This is because, in the high-speed mode, the multimeter waits until each reading is removed from its output buffer before placing the next reading in the output buffer.
Page 109: Determining The Reading Rate
The following program is an example of transferring readings from reading memory to the controller at the fastest possible rate. The program stores 5000 readings in reading memory using the SINT format. The readings are removed from memory using the "implied read" and transferred to the controller (in the SINT format) using the TRANSFER statement (line 130).
Page 110: The Extout Signal
computer's timer. 10 REAL Num_readings !CREATE ARRAY 20 Num_readings=10000 !NUMBER OF READINGS = 10000 30 ASSIGN @Dvm to 722 !ASSIGN MULTIMETER ADDRESS 40 OUTPUT @Dvm;"PRESET FAST" !DCV 10V RANGE, DINT MEM FORMAT, FAST !READINGS, TARM SYN, TRIG AUTO 50 OUTPUT @Dvm;"NPLC 0" !MINIMUM INTEGRATION TIME (500ns) 60 OUTPUT @Dvm;"MEM FIFO"...
Page 111 the signal's polarity: NEG = low-going, POS = high-going. The events that can generate a signal on the Ext Out connector are: • Reading complete • Burst of readings complete • Input complete • Aperture waveform • Service Request • Executing the EXTOUT ONCE command Most of the above events apply to the multimeter's A/D converter.
Page 112: Reading Complete
Figure 20. A/D Converter event relationships Reading Complete When specified, the reading complete event (RCOMP event) produces a 1 µs pulse following each reading for any measurement function. For sampled AC voltage measurements (SETACV SYNC or RNDM) a pulse is output after each computed reading, not after each sample in the measurement process.
Page 113: Burst Complete
10 OUTPUT 722;"PRESET NORM" !DCV,NRDGS,l,AUTO, TARM AUTO, TRIG SYN 20 OUTPUT 722;"MEM FIFO" !ENABLE READING MEMORY, FIFO MODE 30 OUTPUT 722;"TRIG EXT" !TRIGGER EVENT = EXTERNAL 40 OUTPUT 722;"EXTOUT RCOMP,NEG" !READING COMPLETE EXTOUT, LOW-GOING TTL !CONFIGURE EXTERNAL SCANNER 50 OUTPUT 709;"SADV EXTIN" !ADVANCE SCANNER ON MULTIMETER'S EXTOUT SIGNAL 60 OUTPUT 709;"CHCLOSED EXT"...
Page 114: Input Complete
Input Complete The input complete event (ICOMP event) is similar to the RCOMP event in that it produces a 1µs pulse for each reading. However, when the ICOMP event is specified, the pulse occurs when the A/D converter has finished integrating the input signal but before the reading is complete (see Figure 20).
Page 115: Extout Once
to assert SRQ (RQS command). The EXTOUT SRQ pulse does not necessarily occur whenever the SRQ bit is set; it occurs whenever an enabled status event occurs. The following program uses the SRQ event to synchronize the multimeter to external equipment. The program downloads a subprogram to the multimeter.
Page 116: Math Operations
Math Operations Each math operation performs a specific mathematical operation on each reading and/or stores data on a series of readings. The multimeter can perform the null, scale, percent, dB, dBm, filter, RMS, or temperature-related math operations on readings. The statistics and pass/fail math operations do not alter readings but store information pertaining to readings.
Page 117: Math Registers
those two operations), send: OUTPUT 722;"MATH CONT" !RE-ENABLES ONE REAL-TIME MATH OPERATION OUTPUT 722;"MMATH CONT" !RE-ENABLES ONE POST-PROCESS MATH OPERATION To re-enable two previously enabled math operations send: OUTPUT 722;"MATH CONT,CONT" !RE-ENABLES TWO REAL-TIME MATH OPERATIONS OUTPUT 722;"MMATH CONT,CONT" !RE-ENABLES TWO POST-PROCESS MATH OPERATIONS Math Registers Table 23 shows the registers used by the real-time or post-process math...
Page 118 Result = Reading - OFFSET Where: OFFSET is the value stored in the OFFSET register (typically the first reading). Reading is any reading following the first reading. After you select the NULL operation, the first reading made (real-time) or the first reading taken from memory (post-process) is stored in the OFFSET register.
Page 119: Scale
50 OUTPUT 722;"MMATH NULL" !ENABLE POST-PROCESS NULL OPERATION 60 OUTPUT 722;"NRDGS 21" !21 READINGS PER TRIGGER 70 OUTPUT 722;"TRIG SGL" !TRIGGER READINGS 80 ENTER 722;A !RECALL FIRST READING USING IMPLIED READ 90 OUTPUT 722;"SMATH OFFSET,3.05" !WRITE 3.05 TO OFFSET REGISTER 100 ENTER 722;Rdgs(*) !RECALL READINGS USING IMPLIED READ, !PERFORM NULL OPERATION ON EACH...
Page 120: Percent
Percent The PERC math operation determines the difference, in percent, between each reading and the value in the PERC register. The equation is: Result = ((Reading - PERC)/PERC) · Where: Reading is any reading. PERC is the value stored in the PERC register (power-on value = 1). You can use the PERC math operation to determine the difference (in percent) between an ideal value and the measured value.
Page 121: Dbm
The following program uses the real-time DB operation to determine an amplifier's voltage gain. Line 40 stores the amplifier's input voltage (0.1 V) in the REF register. The amplifier's output voltage is measured and the gain of the amplifier is computed. 10 OUTPUT 722;"PRESET NORM"...
Page 122: Statistics
60 ENTER 722;A !SYN EVENT, ENTER DBM 70 PRINT A !PRINT DBM 80 END For example, if the input voltage is 10V, the power is: /8/1 mW)= 40.97dBm · The following program is similar to the preceding program except that it uses the post-process DBM operation.
Page 123: Pass/Fail
operation. That is the readings do not have to be recalled from memory in order to perform the STAT operation. Also notice that the readings must be stored before enabling the post-process STAT operation (if not, the MEMORY ERROR will occur). 10 OUTPUT 722;"PRESET NORM"...
Page 124: Filter
OUTPUT 722;"PRESET NORM" !PRESET,NRDGS 1,AUTO, DCV 10, TRIG SYN OUTPUT 722;"MEM FIFO" !ENABLE READING MEMORY, FIFO MODE OUTPUT 722;"SMATH MIN 9" !LOWER LIMIT = 9(V) OUTPUT 722;"SMATH MAX 11" !UPPER LIMIT = 11(V) OUTPUT 722;"CSB" " !CLEAR STATUS REGISTER OUTPUT 722;"RQS 2 !ENABLE HI/LO STATUS REGISTER BIT OUTPUT 722;"NRDGS 20"...
Page 125: Rms
For example (using the first equation), if the reading rate is 200Hz and the DEGREE is 20, the time constant is: -------- - -------------------- 1 – 0.092 Seconds -------------- - 20 1 – Using the second equation with the same reading rate and DEGREE produces: »...
Page 126 Table 25: Temperature-Related Math Operations MATH Description Operation CTHRM2K Result=temperature (Celsius) of a 2k thermistor (40653A) CTHRM Result=temperature (Celsius) of a 5k thermistor (40653B) CTHRM10K thermistor (40653C) Result=temperature (Celsius) of a 10k FTHRM2K Result=temperature (Fahrenheit) of a 2k thermistor (40653A) FTHRM Resutt=temperature (Fahrenheit) of a 5k thermistor (40653B)
Page 127: Chapter 5 Digitizing
Chapter 5 Digitizing Introduction ............129 Digitizing Methods ..........129 The Sampling Rate ..........131 Level Triggering ..........132 Level Triggering Examples ......132 Level Filtering ..........134 DCV Digitizing ............ 134 DCV Remarks ..........135 DCV Example ..........136 Direct-Sampling ...........
Page 128 Chapter 5 Digitizing...
Page 129: Introduction
Chapter 5 Digitizing Introduction Digitizing is the process of converting a continuous analog signal into a series of discrete samples (readings). Figure 22 shows the result of digitizing a sine wave. This chapter discusses the various ways to digitize signals. The importance of the sampling rate, and how to use level triggering.
Page 130 Table 26: Digitizing Methods Digitizing Method Maximum Sampling Bandwidth Repetitive Signal Rate Required 100 k/sec DC - 15OkHz Direct-Sampling 50 k/sec DC - 12MHz Sub-Sampling DC - 12MHz 100 M/sec 1 Range dependent. See the Specifications in Appendix A for details. Effective sampling rate (refer to "Sub-Sampling"...
Page 131: The Sampling Rate
high-speed mode, the multimeter writes-over any sample still in the output buffer when a new sample is available.) For more information, refer to "The High-Speed Mode" in Chapter 4. The Sampling Rate The Nyquist or Sampling Theorem states: If a continuous, bandwidth-limited signal contains no frequency components higher than F, then the original signal can be recovered without distortion (aliasing) if it is sampled at a rate that is greater than 2F samples per second.
Page 132: Level Triggering
Level Triggering When digitizing, it is important to begin sampling at some defined point on the input signal such as when the signal crosses zero volts or when it reaches the midpoint of its positive or negative peak amplitude. Level triggering allows you to specify when (with respect to voltage and slope) to begin sampling.
Page 133 can select the level triggering shown in Figure 27 merely by specifying the LEVEL trigger event (TRIG LEVEL command). The following program specifies level triggering to occur when the input signal reaches +5V (50% of the 10V range) on a negative slope (AC-coupled).
Page 134: Level Filtering
this case, a negative percentage of the range (-25%) is used to level trigger at -2.5V. positive slope. Figure 29 shows the result. 10OUTPUT 722;"PRESET DIG" !DCV DIGITIZING, 10V RANGE 20OUTPUT 722;"TRIG LEVEL" !LEVEL TRIGGER EVENT 30OUTPUT 722;"SLOPE POS" !TRIGGER ON POSITIVE SLOPE OF SIGNAL 40OUTPUT 722;"LEVEL - 25, DC"...
Page 135: Dcv Remarks
The PRESET DIG command configures the multimeter for DC voltage measurements with a sampling rate of 50,000 samples per second. PRESET DIG selects a 3µs integration time and level triggering when the input signal crosses zero volts on its positive slope. The primary commands executed by PRESET DIG are: TARM HOLD Suspends triggering...
Page 136: Dcv Example
max._input Parameter Selects Range Full Scale 0 to .12 100mV 120mV >.12 to 1.2 1.2V >l.2 to 12 >12 to 120 100V 120V >120 to 1E3 1000V 1050V • The multimeter’s triggering hierarchy (trigger arm event, trigger event, and sample event) applies to DCV digitizing. Refer to Chapter 4 for more information on the triggering hierarchy.
Page 137: Direct-Sampling
10OPTION BASE 1 !COMPUTER ARRAY NUMBERING STARTS AT 1 20Num_samples=256 !SPECIFY NUMBER OF SAMPLES 30INTEGER Int_samp(l:256) BUFFER !CREATE INTEGER BUFFER 40ALLOCATE REAL Samp(l:Num_samples) !CREATE REAL ARRAY FOR SAMPLES 50ASSIGN @Dvm TO 722 !ASSIGN MULTIMETER ADDRESS 60ASSIGN @Int_samp TO BUFFER Int_samp(*) !ASSIGN I/O PATH NAME TO BUFFER 70OUTPUT @Dvm;"PRESET DIG"...
Page 138: Direct Sampling Remarks
sampling, the minimum possible interval between samples is 20µs. Figure 30. Direct sampling • Direct Sampling You cannot use autorange for direct-sampled measurements; you must specify the range as the first parameter of the DSAC or DSDC command Remarks (max._input parameter). The max._input parameters and the ranges they select are: Full Scale max._input Parameter Selects Range SINT Format DINT Format...
Page 139: Direct Sampling Example
uses whichever command was specified last. (When using the SWEEP command, the sample event is automatically set to TIMER.) • When direct-sampling an input signal with a frequency content ³ 1 MHz, the first sample may be in error because of interpolator settling time. To ensure the first sample is accurate, insert a 500ns delay before the first sample (DELAY 500E-9 command).
Page 140: Sub-Sampling Fundamentals
composite waveform with a period equal to that of the input signal. The advantage of sub-sampling is that samples can be effectively spaced at a minimum interval of 10ns versus 10µs for DCV digitizing and 20µs for direct-sampling. This means that sub-sampling can be used to digitize signals with frequency components up to 12 MHz (the upper bandwidth of the signal path for sub-sampling).
Page 141: The Sync Source Event
Figure 31. Sub-sampling example Figure 32. Composite waveform The Sync Source In the preceding sub-sampling example, it was assumed that the multimeter could somehow synchronize itself to the periods of the input waveform. This Event is the function of the sync source event. You can use either the EXT event or the LEVEL event as the sync source event.
Page 142 Figure 33. Typical synchronizing signal for EXT sync source The LEVEL sync source event (which is the power-on/default sync source event) occurs when the input signal reaches a specified voltage level on the specified slope (level triggering). Figure 31 shows the operation of the LEVEL sync source event (for this example, the LEVEL is specified as 0%, positive slope, AC-coupling).
Page 143: Sub-Sampling Remarks
• Sub-Sampling For sub-sampling, the trigger event and sample event requirements are ignored (these events are discussed in Chapter 4). The only triggering Remarks events that apply to sub-sampling are the trigger arm event (TARM command) and the sync source event (SSRC command). •...
Page 144: Sending Samples To Memory
source event and the first sample in each burst; the default delay for sub-sampling is 0 seconds.) Sending Samples to When samples are sent directly to reading memory (MEM FIFO command), the multimeter automatically re-orders the samples producing a composite Memory waveform.
Page 145 the multimeter to take 1000 samples (Num_samples variable) with a 2µs effective_interval (Eff_int variable). The measurement uses the default level triggering for the sync source event (trigger from input signal, 0%. AC-coupling, positive slope). Line 110 generates a SYN event and transfers the samples directly to the computer.
Page 146: Viewing Sampled Data
Viewing Sampled Data The program on the following page plots digitized data to the controller’s CRT (this particular program uses sub-sampling and the subroutine Plot_it does the actual plotting). This program is helpful when developing digitizing programs (especially when sub-sampling) since it allows you to see the data being captured.
Page 147 101!FAST OPERATION, TARM SYN, SUB-SAMPLING (SINT OUTPUT FORMAT), 10V RANGE 102!2ms EFFECTIVE INTERVAL, 1000 SAMPLES 110TRANSFER @Dvm TO @Int_samp;WAIT !SYN EVENT, TRANSFER READINGS 120OUTPUT @Dvm;"ISCALE?" !QUERY SCALE FACTOR FOR SINT FORMAT 130ENTER @Dvm;S !ENTER SCALE FACTOR 140OUTPUT @Dvm;"SSPARM?" !QUERY SUB-SAMPLING PARAMETERS 150ENTER @Dvm;Nl,N2,N3 !ENTER SUB-SAMPLING PARAMETERS 160FOR I=1 TO Num_samples...
Page 148 670 DRAW Wave_x,Wave_form(Wave_y) 680NEXT Wave_y 690IF Wave_x>l0*Time_div THEN DISP "More samples taken than displayed" 700SUBEND Chapter 5 Digitizing...
Page 149 Chapter 6 Command Reference Introduction ............151 LFREQ ............191 Language Conventions ........152 LINE? ............. 192 Command Termination ........152 LOCK ............. 193 Multiple Commands ........152 MATH ............193 Parameters ............152 MCOUNT? ............ 196 Query Commands ........... 153 MEM ..............
Page 150 SWEEP ............248 T ..............251 TARM ............251 TBUFF ............253 TEMP? ............254 TERM ............. 254 TEST .............. 255 TIMER ............255 TONE ............. 256 TRIG ............... 256 Chapter 6 Command Reference...
Page 151: Chapter 6 Command Reference
Introduction Chapter 6 Command Reference Introduction The first part of this chapter discusses the multimeter's language. This includes core commands, command termination, parameters, query commands, lists of commands by functional group, and a table relating commands to measurement functions. The remainder of the chapter consists of detailed descriptions of each command (listed in alphabetical order, by command).
Page 152: Language Conventions
Introduction Language The multimeter communicates with a system controller over the GPIB bus. Each instrument connected to GPIB has a unique address. The examples used in this Conventions manual are intended for Hewlett-Packard Series 200 or 300 Computers using BASlC language. They assume an GPIB interface select code of 7 and a device address of 22 (factory address setting) resulting in a combined GPIB address of 722.
Page 153: Query Commands
Introduction OUTPUT 722;"ACV 10,-1" From remote only, you can use two commas to indicate a default value. For example, to specify 10 for the first parameter and default the second parameter, send: OUTPUT 722;"ACV 10,," To default the first parameter (which selects autorange in this example) and specify .01 for the second parameter, send: OUTPUT 722;...
Page 154 Introduction command specifies integration time in seconds. The range of values for this command is 500ns to 1s. When you send the APER? query command, the multimeter responds with the actual value of integration time presently specified. The QFORMAT (query format) command can be used to specify whether query responses will be numeric (as shown above), alpha, or alphanumeric.
Page 155: Commands By Functional Group
Commands by Functional Group Commands by Functional Group The following is a list of al1 commands recognized by the multimeter categorized by function (measurement functions, digitizing. A/D converter, etc.). Measurement Functions Math SWEEP TARM ACDCI MATH TBUFF ACDCV MMATH TIMER RMATH TRIG or T SMATH...
Page 156: Commands Vs. Measurement Functions
Commands vs. Measurement Functions Commands vs. Measurement Functions Table 6-1 shows the multimeter commands that apply only to certain measurement · functions. A bullet ( ) indicates the command applies with no restrictions. A number (1 - 5) indicates the command applies with qualifications (see numbered footnotes below the table).
Page 157: Acal
ACAL ACAL Autocal. Instructs the multimeter to perform one or all of its self calibrations. Syntax ACAL [type][,security_code] type The type parameter choices are: Numeric type Query Parameter Equiv. Description Performs the DCV, OHMS, and AC autocals DC voltage gain and offset (see first Remark) ACV flatness, gain, and offset (see second Remark) OHMS OHMS gain and offset (see third Remark)
Page 158: Acband
ACBAND • The time required to perform each autocal routine is: 11 minutes 1 minute 1 minute OHMS 10 minutes • Related Commands: CAL, SCAL, SECURE Example OUTPUT 722;"ACAL ALL,3458" !RUNS ALL AUTOCALS USING !FACTORY SECURITY CODE ACBAND AC bandwidth. Specifies the frequency content (bandwidth) of the input signal for all AC or AC+DC measurements.
Page 159: Acdci, Acdcv, Aci, Acv
ACDCI, ACDCV, ACI, ACV ACBAND parameters. • Query Command. The ACBAND? query command returns two numbers separated by a comma. The first number is the currently specified low_frequency, the second number is the high_frequency. Refer to "Query Commands" near the front of this chapter for more information. •...
Page 160: Aper
APER APER Aperture. Specifies the A/D converter integration time in seconds. Syntax APER [aperture] aperture Specifies the A/D converter's integration time and overrides any previously specified integration time or resolution. The valid range for aperture is 0 - 1s in increments of 100ns.
Page 161: Auxerr
AUXERR? Numeric control Query Parameter Equiv. Description Disables autorange algorithm Enables autorange algorithm ONCE Causes the multimeter to autorange once, then disables autoranging Power-on control = ON. Default control = ON. • Remarks With autorange enabled, the multimeter samples the input signal before each reading and selects the appropriate range.
Page 162: Azero
AZERO Weighte d Value Number Description A/D converter convergence failure Calibration value out of range GPIB chip failure UART failure Timer failure Internal overload 1024 ROM checksum failure, low-order byte 2048 ROM checksum failure, high-order byte 4096 Nonvolatile RAM failure 8192 Option RAM failure 16384...
Page 163 AZERO control The control parameter choices are: Numeric Control Query Parameter Equiv. Description Zero measurement is updated once, then only after a function, range, aperture, NPLC, or resolution change. Zero measurement is updated after every measurement. ONCE Zero measurement is updated once, then only after a function, range, aperture, NPLC, or resolution change.
Page 164: Beep
BEEP BEEP Controls the multimeter's beeper. When enabled, the beeper emits a 1 kHz beep if an error occurs. Syntax BEEP [control] control The control parameter choices are: Numeric control Query Parameter Equiv. Description Disables the beeper Enables the beeper ONCE Beeps once, then returns to previous mode (either OFF or ON)
Page 165: Calnum
CALNUM? Default name = 0. • Remarks Subprograms are created with the SUB command. • The multimeter sets bit 0 in the status register after executing a stored subprogram. • From the front panel, you can view all stored subprogram names by accessing the CALL command and pressing the up or down arrow key.
Page 166: Compress
COMPRESS Syntax CALSTR string[,security_code] string This is the alpha/numeric message that will be appended to the calibration RAM. The string parameter must be enclosed in single or double quotes. The maximum string length is 75 characters (the quotes enclosing the string are not counted as characters).
Page 167: Cont
CONT • Related Commands: CALL, CONT, DELSUB, PAUSE, SCRATCH, SUB, SUBEND Example The following program statement compresses subprogram TEST12 (previously downloaded). OUTPUT 722;"COMPRESS TEST12" CONT Continue. Resumes execution of a subprogram that has been suspended by a PAUSE command. Syntax CONT •...
Page 168: Dci, Dcv
DCI, DCV DCI, DCV Refer to the FUNC command. DEFEAT Enables or disables the multimeter's input protection algorithm (see CAUTION below) and some syntax and error checking algorithms. With these algorithms disabled, the multimeter can change to a new measurement configuration faster than it can with them enabled.
Page 169: Defkey
DEFKEY Example OUTPUT 722;"DEFEAT ON" !DISABLES PROTECTION, SYNTAX & ERROR ALGORITHMS DEFKEY Define Key. Allows you to assign one or more commands to a particular user-defined function key on the front panel (these keys are labeled f0 - f9). After assigning one or more commands to a key, pressing that key displays the command(s) on the multimeter's display.
Page 170: Delay
DELAY Examples DEFKEY OUTPUT 722;"DEFKEY 1,'DCI 1;AZERO 0FF;NPLC 0'" !ASSIGNS COMMANDS TO F1 Clearing All DEFKEYs OUTPUT 722;"DEFKEY DEFAULT" !CLEARS ALL DEFKEYS DEFKEY? 10 OUTPUT 722;"DEFKEY? 1" !RETURNS DEFINITION FOR KEY 1 20 ENTER 722;A$ !ENTERS DEFINITION INTO A$ VARIABLE 30 PRINT A$ !PRINTS DEFINITION 40 END...
Page 171: Delsub
DELSUB DELSUB Delete Subprogram. Removes a single subprogram from memory. Syntax DELSUB name name Subprogram name. A subprogram name may contain up to 10 characters. The name can be alpha, alphanumeric, or an integer in the range of 0 to 127. Refer to the SUB command for details.
Page 172: Dsac, Dsdc
DSAC, DSDC Power-on control = ON. Default control = ON. message The message parameter is the message to be displayed. The message may contain spaces, numerals, lower or upper case letters, and any of the following characters: $ % & ' ( ) ^ \ / @ ; : [ ] , . + - = * < > ? _ •...
Page 173 DSAC, DSDC following table shows the max._input parameters and the ranges they select. Full Scale max._put Selects SINT DINT Parameter Range Format Format 0 to .012 10mV 12mV 50mV >.012 to .120 100mV 120mV 500mV >.120 to 1.2 1.2V 5.0V >1.2 to 12 >12 to 120 100V...
Page 174: Emask
EMASK memory/output format, no format conversions are necessary.) • Related Commands: DSDC, FUNC, LEVEL, LFILTER, SLOPE, NRDGS, PRESET FAST, PRESET DIG, SSAC, SSDC, SSPARM?, SWEEP, TARM, TIMER, TRIG Example The following program is an example of DC-coupled, direct-sampled digitizing. The SWEEP command specifies an interval of 30µs and 200 samples. Level triggering is set for 250% of the 10V range (250% of 10V = 25V).
Page 175 EMASK weights. The error conditions and their weights are: Weighted Value Number Error Conditions Hardware error (see AUXERR? for more information) Calibration error Trigger too fast error Syntax error Command not allowed from remote (ADDRESS command) Undefined parameter received Parameter out of range Memory Error Destructive overload detected Out of calibration...
Page 176: End
The END command enables or disables the GPIB End Or Identify (EOI) function. Syntax END [control] control The control parameter choices are: Numeric control Query Parameter Equiv. Description EOI line never set true For multiple readings (SWEEP or NRDGS >1) the EOI line is set true with the last byte of the last reading sent.
Page 177: Err
ERR? ERR? Error Query. When an error occurs, it sets a bit in the error register and illuminates the display's ERR annunciator. The ERR? command returns a number representing all set bits, clears the register, and shuts off the annunciator. The returned number is the weighted sum of all set bits. Syntax ERR? Error Conditions...
Page 178: Errstr
ERRSTR? 30 PRINT A !PRINTS RESPONSE 40 END ERRSTR? Error String Query. The ERRSTR? command reads the least significant set bit in either the error register or the auxiliary error register and then clears the bit. The ERRSTR? command returns two responses separated by a comma. The first response is an error number (100 series = error register;...
Page 179 EXTOUT event The event choices are: Numeric event Query Parameter Equiv. Description None; EXTOUT is disabled ICOMP Input complete (1µs pulse after A/D converter has integrated each reading or, for direct- or sub-sampling, after the track and hold has acquired the input signal) ONCE Outputs a 1µs pulse upon execution of the EXTOUT ONCE command;...
Page 180: Fixedz
FIXEDZ • Related Commands: NRDGS, SRQ, STB?, SWEEP, TBUFF Example OUTPUT 722;"EXTOUT APER" !SETS EXTOUT EVENT TO APERTURE WAVEFORM FIXEDZ The FIXEDZ command enables or disables the fixed input resistance function for DC voltage measurements. When enabled, the multimeter maintains its input resistance at 10 megohms for all ranges.
Page 181: Freq
FREQ FREQ Frequency. Instructs the multimeter to measure the frequency of the input signal. You must specify whether the input signal is AC voltage, AC+DC voltage, AC current, or AC+DC current using the FSOURCE command. Syntax FREQ [max._input][,%_resolution] max._input Selects a fixed range or the autorange mode. The ranges correspond to the type of input signal specified in the FSOURCE command.
Page 182: Fsource
FSOURCE • The leftmost digit which is a half digit for most measurement functions, is a full digit (0 - 9) for frequency measurements. • Readings made with autorange enabled take longer because the input signal is sampled (to determine the proper range) between frequency readings. •...
Page 183: Func
FUNC FUNC Function. Selects the type of measurement (AC voltage, DC current. etc.). lt also allows you to specify the measurement range and resolution. (The FUNC header is optional and may be omitted.) Syntax FUNC [function][,max._input][,%_resolution] [FUNC] function[,max._input][,%_resolution] function The function parameter designates the type of measurement. The parameter choices are: Numeric function...
Page 184 FUNC To select autorange, specify AUTO for max._input or default the parameter. In the autorange mode, the multimeter samples the input signal before each reading and selects the appropriate range. • The following tables show the max._input parameters and the ranges they select for each measurement function.
Page 185 FUNC %_resolution For most measurement functions, you specify the %_resolution as a percentage of the max._input parameter. (Refer to the FREQ and PER commands for tables showing how %_resolution affects frequency and period measurements; %_resolution is ignored when the function parameter is DSAC, DSDC, SSAC, or SSDC.) For all functions except FREQ, PER, DSAC, DSDC, SSAC, and SSDC, the multimeter multiplies %_resolution times max._input to determine the...
Page 186: Inbuf
Examples In the following program, line 10 allows %_resolution in line 20 to control the resolution. The resolution specified by line 20 is 6V × .0000167 = 100µV. 10 OUTPUT 722;"NPLC 0" !SETS PLCS TO MINIMUM 20 OUTPUT 722;"FUNC DCV,6,.00167" !SELECTS DC VOLTS, 6V MAX, 30 END !100µV RESOLUTION In the following program, line 10 sets the number of PLCs to 1000.
Page 187: Iscale
ISCALE? control The control parameter choices are: Numeric control Query Parameter Equiv. Description Disables the input buffer; commands are accepted only when the multimeter is not busy Enables the input buffer; commands are stored, releasing the bus immediately Power-on control = OFF. Default control = ON.
Page 188 ISCALE? Syntax ISCALE? • Remarks The scale factor is always 1 for the ASCII, SREAL, and DREAL output formats. • Readings output in the SINT or DINT formats (see the OFORMAT command) are first compressed by the multimeter so they may be expressed as integers. Multiplying the readings by the value returned by ISCALE? will restore them to their actual values.
Page 189: Level
LEVEL 30 Num_readings=50 !NUMBER OF READINGS = 50 40 ALLOCATE REAL Rdgs(l:Num_readings) !CREATE ARRAY FOR READINGS 50 ASSIGN @Dvm TO 722 !ASSIGN MULTIMETER ADDRESS 60 ASSIGN @Buffer TO BUFFER[4*Num_readingsl!ASSIGN BUFFER I/O PATH NAME 70 OUTPUT @Dvm;"PRESET NORM;RANGE 10;OFORMAT DINT;NRDGS ";Num_readings 75 !TARM AUTO, TRIG SYN, DCV 10V RANGE, DINT OUTPUT FORMAT, NRDGS 50,AUTO 80 TRANSFER @Dvm TO @Buffer;WAIT!SYN EVENT,TRANSFER READINGS 90 OUTPUT @Dvm;...
Page 190: Lfilter
LFILTER circuitry only. This does not affect the coupling of the signal being measured. Numeric coupling Query Parameter Equiv. Description Selects DC-coupled input to level-detection circuitry Selects AC-coupled input to level-detection circuitry Power-on coupling = AC. Default coupling = AC. •...
Page 191: Lfreq
LFREQ Syntax LFILTER [control] control The control parameter choices are: Numeric control Query parameter Equiv. Description Disables the level filter; no filtering is done Enables the level filter Power-on control = OFF. Default control = ON. • Remarks Level filtering can be used when level triggering for DC voltage, direct- and sub-sampling.
Page 192: Line
LINE? Default reference frequency = the exact measured line frequency (or measured value/8 for 400Hz line frequency). LINE Measures the exact value of the line frequency and sets the reference frequency to that value (or measured value/8 if the measured value is between 360 and 440Hz).
Page 193: Lock
LOCK reference frequency to the measured value. • Related Commands: LFREQ 10 OUTPUT 722; "LINE?" !MEASURES THE LINE FREQUENCY 20 ENTER 722;A !ENTERS RESPONSE INTO COMPUTER'S A VARIABLE 30 PRINT A !PRINTS RESPONSE 40 END LOCK Lockout. Enables or disables the multimeter's keyboard Syntax LOCK [control] control...
Page 194 MATH operation The operation parameter choices are: operation Numeric Parameter Equiv. Description Disables all enabled real-time math operations CONT Enables the previous math operation. To resume two math operations, send MATH CONT,CONT CTHRM Result=temperature (Celsius) of a 5kW thermistor (40653B). Function must be OHM or OHMF (10kW range or higher).
Page 195 MATH operation Numeric Parameter Equiv. Description CRTD85 Result=temperature (Celsius) of 100W RTD with alpha of 0.00385 (40654A or 406548). Function must be OHM or OHMF. CRTD92 Result=temperature (Celsius) of 100W RTD with alpha of 0.003916. Function must be OHM or OHMF. FRTD85 Result=temperature (Fahrenheit) of 100W RTD with alpha of 0.00385 (40654A or 406548).
Page 196: Mcount
MCOUNT? Example The following program performs the real-time NULL math operation on 20 readings. After executing the NULL command, the first reading is triggered by line 50. The value in the OFFSET register is then changed to 3.05. The 20 read-ings are triggered by line 90 and 3.05 is subtracted from each reading.
Page 197: Menu
MENU Numeric mode Query Parameter Equiv. Description FIFO Clears reading memory and stores new readings FIFO (first-in-first-out) CONT Keeps memory intact and selects previous mode (if there was no previous mode, FIFO is selected) Power-on mode = OFF. Default mode = ON. •...
Page 198: Mformat
MFORMAT Syntax MENU [mode] mode The mode parameter choices are: Numeric mode Query Parameter Equiv. Description SHORT Selects the short command menu FULL Selects the full command menu Power-on mode = mode selected when power was removed. Default mode = FULL •...
Page 199 MFORMAT The format parameter choices are: Numeric format Query Parameter Equiv. Description ASCII ASCII-16 bytes per reading* SINT Single Integer-16 bits 2's complement (2 bytes per reading) DINT Double Integer-32 bits 2's complement (4 bytes per reading) SREAL Single Real-(IEEE-754) 32 bits (4 bytes per reading) DREAL Double Real-(IEEE-754) 64 bits (8 bytes per...
Page 200: Mmath
MMATH FIFO (MEM FIFO command), and reading memory must be empty (done by executing the MEM FIFO command) before samples are taken. If these requirements are not met when the trigger arm event occurs, an error is generated. • Query Command. The MFORMAT? query command returns the present memory format.
Page 201 MMATH operation Numeric Parameter Equiv. Description FTHRM Result=temperature (Fahrenheit) of a 5kW thermistor (40653B). Function must be OHM or OHMF (10kW) range or higher). NULL Result=reading-OFFSET register. The OFFSET register is set to first reading—after that you can change it. PERC Result =((reading - PERC register) / PERC register) x 100.
Page 202 MMATH Power-on register values = a11 registers are set to 0 with the following exceptions: DEGREE = REF = 1 SCALE = 1 RES = 50 PERC = 1 • Remarks Any enabled post-process math operations except STAT and PFAIL are performed on each reading as it is removed or copied from reading memory to the display or the GPIB output buffer.
Page 203: Msize
MSIZE • When you use the RMEM command to recall readings, it turns off reading memory. This means any new readings will not be placed in reading memory and cannot have an enabled memory math operation performed on them. When you use the "implied read"...
Page 204: Ndig
NDIG • Query Command. The MSIZE? query command returns two responses separated by a comma. The first response is the total number of bytes of reading memory. The second response is the largest block (in bytes) of unused subprogram/state memory. •...
Page 205 NPLC Syntax NPLC [power_line_cycles] power_line_cycles The primary use of the NPLC command is to establish normal mode noise rejection (NMR) at the A/D converter's reference frequency (LFREQ command). ³ Any value 1 for the power_line_cycles parameter provides at least 60 dB of NMR at the power line frequency.
Page 206: Nrdgs
NRDGS interaction occurs between NPLC (or APER) when you specify resolution as follows: • If you send the NPLC (or APER) command before specifying resolution, the multimeter satisfies the command that specifies greater resolution (more integration time). • If you send the NPLC (or APER) command after specifying resolution, the multimeter uses the integration time specified by the NPLC (or APER) command, and any previously specified resolution is ignored.
Page 207 NRDGS Designates the number of readings per trigger event. The valid range for this parameter is 1 to 16777215. (The count parameter also corresponds to the record parameter in the RMEM command. Refer to the RMEM command for details.) Power-on count = 1. Default count = 1.
Page 208 NRDGS events, a single occurrence of the SYN event satisfies all of the specified SYN event requirements. This is shown in the second "SYN Event" example below. • Query Command. The NRDGS? query command returns two responses separated by a comma. The first response is the specified number of readings per trigger.
Page 209: Ocomp
OCOMP 50 OUTPUT 722;"NRDGS 4,TIMER" !SELECTS 4 READINGS/TRIGGER & TIMER 60 ENTER 722;Rdgs(*) !TRIGGER AND ENTER READINGS 70 PRINT Rdgs(*) !PRINT READINGS 80 END OCOMP The OCOMP command enables or disables the offset compensated ohms function. Syntax OCOMP [control] control The control parameter choices are: Numeric control...
Page 210: Oformat
OFORMAT OFORMAT Output Format. Designates the GPIB output format for readings sent directly to the controller or transferred from reading memory to the controller. Syntax OFORMAT [format] format The format parameter choices are: Numeric format Query Parameter Equiv. Descriptions ASCII ASCII-15 bytes per reading (see 1st &...
Page 211 OFORMAT SINT format: +32767 or -32768 (unscaled) DINT format: +2.147483647E+9 or -2.147483648E+9 (unscaled) ASCII, SREAL, DREAL: +/-1.OE+38 • When reading memory is disabled, executing the SSAC or SSDC command(sub-sampling) automatically sets the output format to SINT regardless of the previously specified format. You must use the SINT output format when sub-sampling and not using reading memory.
Page 212 OFORMAT 120 FOR I=1 TO Num_readings 130 Rdgs(I)=Int_rdgs(I) !CONVERT EACH INTEGER READING TO REAL 135 !FORMAT (NECESSARY TO PREVENT POSSIBLE INTEGER OVERFLOW ON NEXT LINE) 140 R=ABS(Rdgs(I)) !USE ABSOLUTE VALUE TO CHECK FOR OVLD 150 IF R>=32767 THEN PRINT "OVLD" !IF OVLD, PRINT OVERLOAD MESSAGE 160 Rdgs(I)=Rdgs(I)*S !MULTIPLY READING TIMES SCALE FACTOR 170 Rdgs(I)=DROUND(Rdgs(I),4)
Page 213: Opt
OFORMAT 70 OUTPUT @Dvm;"PRESET NORM;OFORMAT SREAL;NRDGS ";Num_readings 75 !TRIG SYN, SREAL OUTPUT FORMAT, 1 PLC, DCV AUTORANGE, 10 READINGS 80 TRANSFER @Dvm TO @Buffer;WAIT !SYN EVENT; TRANSFER READINGS 90 FOR I=1 TO Num_readings 100 ENTER @Buffer USING "#,B";A,B,C,D!ENTER ONE 8-BIT BYTE INTO 101 !EACH VARIABLE, (# =STATEMENT TERMINATION NOT REQUIRED, B = ENTER ONE 105 !8-BIT BYTE AND INTERPRET AS AN INTEGER BETWEEN 0 AND 255) 110 S=1...
Page 214: Ohm, Ohmf
OHM, OHMF The preceding program used the TRANSFER statement to get readings from the multimeter. The following program uses the ENTER statement to transfer readings to the computer using the DREAL format. The ENTER statement is easier to use since no I/O path is necessary but is much slower than the TRANSFER statement.
Page 215: Pause
PAUSE PAUSE Suspends subprogram execution. The subprogram can be resumed using the CONT command or by executing the GPIB Group Execute Trigger command. Syntax PAUSE • Remarks The PAUSE command is allowed only within a subprogram. • Only one subprogram will be preserved in a suspended state. If a subprogram is paused and another is run which also becomes paused, the first will be terminated and the second will remain suspended.
Page 216: Per
When the subprogram is finished, a total of 15 readings are in memory. To call the above subprogram, send: OUTPUT 722;"CALL OHMAC1" After the five 2-wire ohms readings are complete, connect an AC voltage source to the multimeter. Subprogram execution is resumed by sending the CONT command or by executing (on the controller): TRIGGER 7 Period.
Page 217: Preset
PRESET Power-on %_resolution = not applicable. Default %_resolution = .00001. • Remarks The reading rate is the longer of 1 period of the input signal, the gate time, or the default reading time-out of 1.2 seconds. • Period (and frequency) measurements are made using the level detection circuitry to determine when the input signal crosses a particular voltage on its positive or negative slope.
Page 218 PRESET AZERO ON MFORMAT SREAL BEEP ON MMATH OFF DCV AUTO NDIG 6 DELAY -1 NPLC 1 DISP ON NRDGS 1,AUTO FIXEDZ OFF OCOMP OFF FSOURCE ACV OFORMAT ASCII INBUF OFF TARM AUTO LOCK OFF TIMER 1 MATH OFF TRIG SYN All math registers set to 0 except: DEGREE = 20 PERC = 1...
Page 219: Purge
PURGE OFORMAT SINT • Remarks Related Commands: RESET Examples OUTPUT 722;"PRESET NORM" !CONFIGURES FOR REMOTE OPERATION OUTPUT 722;"PRESET FAST" !CONFIGURES FOR FAST READINGS/TRANSFER OUTPUT 722;"PRESET DIG" !CONFIGURES FOR FAST DCV DIGITIZING PURGE Purge State. Removes a single stored state from memory. Syntax PURGE name name...
Page 220 QFORMAT Numeric type Query Parameter Equiv. Description NORM Query responses sent to the GPIB are numeric only (whenever possible) with no headers; query responses sent to the display contain alpha headers and alpha responses (whenever possible) ALPHA Query responses sent to either GPIB or the display contain an alpha header and an alpha response (whenever possible) Power-on type = NORM.
Page 221: Range
ALPHA 10 OUTPUT 722; "QFORMAT ALPHA" 20 OUTPUT 722; "ARANGE?" 30 ENTER 722;A$ 40 PRINT A$ 50 END Typical response: ARANGE ON R is an abbreviation for the RANGE command. Syntax R [max._input][,%_resolution] Refer to the RANGE command for more information. RANGE The RANGE command allows you to select a measurement range or the autorange mode.
Page 222 RANGE For DCV: For DCI: max._input Selects Full max._input Selects Full Parameter Range Scale Parameter Range Scale –1 or AUTO Autorange –1 or AUTO Autorange 0 to .12 100mV 120mV 0 to .12E-6 .1µA .12µA >.12 to 1.2 1.2V >.12E-6 to 1.2E-6 1µA 1.2µA >1.2 to 12...
Page 223 RANGE frequency and period measurements, you specify %_resolution as the number of digits to be resolved. For the remaining measurement functions (DCV, ACV, ACDCV, OHM, OHMF, DCI, and ACI), you specify the %_resolution as a percentage of the max._input parameter. The multimeter then multiplies %_resolution by the max._input to determine the measurement's resolution.
Page 224: Ratio
RATIO Chapter 0:Command Reference RATIO The RATIO command instructs the multimeter to measure a DC reference voltage applied to the Sense terminals and a signal voltage applied to the Input terminals. The multimeter then computes the ratio as: Signal Voltage Ratio = DC Reference Voltage Syntax...
Page 225: Res
60 ENTER 722;A !ENTER RATIO 70 PRINT A !PRINT RATIO 80 END Resolution. Specifies reading resolution. Syntax RES [%_resolution] %_resolution For frequency and period measurements, the %_resolution parameter specifies the digits of resolution and the gate time as shown below. (%_resolution also affects the reading rate.
Page 226: Reset
RESET For frequency or period measurements, the defau1t %_resolution is .00001 which selects a gate time of 1s and 7 digits of resolution. For sampled ACV or ACDCV, the default %_resolution is 0.01% for SETACV SYNC or 0.4% for SETACV RNDM. For all other measurement functions, the default resolution is determined by the present integration time.
Page 227 RESET Aborts readings in process. Clears error and auxiliary error registers. Clears the status register except the Power-on SRQ bit (bit 3). Clears reading memory. In addition, the RESET command also executes these commands: ACBAND 20,2E6 MFORMAT SREAL AZERO ON MMATH OFF DCV AUTO NDIG 7...
Page 228: Rev
REV? 30 END REV? Revision Query Returns two numbers separated by a comma. The first number is the multimeter's master processor firmware revision. The second number is the slave processor firmware revision. Syntax REV? Example 10 OUTPUT 722; "REV?" !READ FIRMWARE REVISION NUMBERS 20 ENTER 722;...
Page 229: Rmem
RMEM Numeric register Query Parameter Equiv. Register Contents PFAILNUM The number of reading that passed PFAIL before a failure was encountered Power-on register = none. Default register = DEGREE. • Remarks Math register contents are always output in the ASCII output format regardless of the specified output format.
Page 230: Rqs
Designates the record from which to recall readings. Records correspond to the number of readings specified by the NRDGS command. For example, if NRDGS specifies three readings per trigger, each record will contain three readings. Power-on record = none. Default record = 1. •...
Page 231: Rstate
RSTATE You enable a condition by specifying its decimal weight as the value parameter. For more than one condition, specify the sum of the weights. The conditions and their weights are: Decimal Weight Number Enables Condition Program Memory Execution Completed Hi or Lo Limit Exceeded SRQ Command Executed Power-On SRQ...
Page 232: Scal
SCAL Power-on name = none. Default name = 0. • Remarks Whenever the multimeter's power is removed, the present state is stored in state 0. After a power failure, the multimeter can be configured to its previous state by executing RSTATE 0. •...
Page 233: Setacv
SETACV the factory with its security code set to 3458. new_code This is the new security code. The code is an integer from -2.1E9 to 2.1E9. If the number specified is not an integer, the multimeter rounds it to an integer value. acal_secure Allows you to secure autocalibration.
Page 234: Slope
SLOPE sampling, or synchronous sampling. The parameters are: Numeric type Query Parameter Equiv. Description Analog RMS conversion RNDM Random sampling conversion SYNC Synchronous sampling conversion Power-on type = ANA. Default type = ANA. • Remarks Bandwidth limitations vary with the conversion technique selected. See the Specifications in Appendix A for details.
Page 235: Smath
SMATH Refer to "Query Commands" near the front of this chapter for more information. • Related Commands: LEVEL, LFILTER, NRDGS, SSRC, TRlG Example OUTPUT 722;"SLOPE POS" !SELECTS THE POSITIVE GOING SLOPE FOR !LEVEL DETECTION SMATH Store Math. Places a number in a math register. Syntax SMATH [register][,number] register...
Page 236: Srq
The number parameter is the value to be placed in the register. Default number = last reading. Power-on number = see above listing. • Remarks You can use the SMATH command to place a number into one of the registers that store readings (UPPER, LOWER, etc.);...
Page 237: Ssac, Ssdc
SSAC, SSDC SSAC, SSDC Sub-Sampling. Configures the multimeter for sub-sampled voltage measurements (digitizing). The SSAC function measures only the AC component of the input waveform. The SSDC function measures the combined AC and DC components of the waveform. Otherwise, the two functions are identical. The input signal must be periodic (repetitive) for sub-sampled measurements.
Page 238 SSAC, SSDC is not changed). Later, where you change to another measurement function, the output format returns to that previously specified. You must use the SINT output format when sub-sampling and outputting samples directly to the GPIB. You can, however, use any output format if the samples are first placed in reading memory (see next remark).
Page 239 SSAC, SSDC 90 OUTPUT @Dvm; "SSDC 10" !SUB-SAMPLING, 10V RANGE, DC-COUPLED 100 OUTPUT @Dvm; "SWEEP 5E - 6,200"!5µs EFF. INTERVAL, 200 SAMPLES 110 TRANSFER @Dvm TO @Samp;WAIT !TRANSFER SAMPLES TO CONTROLLER BUFFER 120 FOR I=1 TO 200 130 IF ABS(Samp(I))=1E+38 THEN !DETECT OVERLOAD 140 PRINT "Overload Occurred"...
Page 240: Ssparm
SSPARM? 220 Samp(I)=DROUND(Samp(I),4) !ROUND TO 4 DIGITS 230 NEXT I 235 !--------------------------SORT SAMPLES------------------------------ 240 Inc=N1+N2 !TOTAL NUMBER OF BURSTS 250 K=1 260 FOR I=1 TO N1 270 L=I 280 FOR J=1 TO N3 290 Wave_form(L)=Samp(K) 300 K=K+1 310 L=L+Inc 320 NEXT J 330 NEXT I 340 FOR I=N1+l TO N1+N2 350 L=I...
Page 241 SSRC command allows you to synchronize bursts to an external signal or to a voltage level on the input signal. For synchronous ACV or ACDCV (SETACV SYNC command), the SSRC command allows you to synchronize sampling to an external signal. You can also use the HOLD parameter to prevent the measurement method from changing to random should level triggering not occur within certain time limits.
Page 242 SSRC Power-on mode = AUTO Default mode = AUTO • Remarks For sub-sampling, the trigger event and the sample event are ignored. The only triggering events that apply to sub-sampling are the trigger arm event (TARM command) and the sync source event (SSRC command). For synchronous ACV or ACDCV measurements (SETACV SYNC command), the specified trigger arm event (TARM command), trigger event (TRIG command), and sample event (NRDGS command) must all be satisfied before the sync source event...
Page 243 SSRC 130 OUTPUT @Dvm;"ISCALE?" !QUERY SCALE FACTOR FOR SINT FORMAT 140 ENTER @Dvm; S !ENTER SCALE FACTOR 150 OUTPUT @Dvm;"SSPARM?" !QUERY SUB-SAMPLING PARAMETERS 160 ENTER @Dvm;N1,N2,N3 !ENTER SUB-SAMPLING PARAMETERS 170 FOR I=1 TO Num_samples 180 Samp(I)=Int_samp(I) !CONVERT EACH INTEGER READING TO REAL 190 !FORMAT (NECESSARY TO PREVENT POSSIBLE INTEGER OVERFLOW ON NEXT LINE) 190 R=ABS(Samp(I)) !USE ABSOLUTE VALUE TO CHECK FOR OVLD...
Page 244: Sstate
SSTATE SSTATE Store State. Stores the multimeter's present state and assigns it a name. States are recalled using the RSTATE command. Syntax SSTATE name name State name. A state name may contain up to 10 characters. The name can be alpha, alphanumeric, or an integer in the range of 0 to 127.
Page 245: Stb
STB? found the desired state, press the Enter key to recall that state. • Related Commands: MSIZE, PURGE, RSTATE, SCRATCH Example OUTPUT 722;"SSTATE B2 " !STORES PRESENT STATE WITH NAME B2 STB? Status Byte Query. The status register contains seven bits that monitor various multimeter conditions.
Page 246: Sub
Subprogram. Stores a series of commands as a subprogram and assigns the sub-program name. Syntax SUB name name Subprogram name. A subprogram name may contain up to 10 characters. The name can be alpha, alphanumeric, or an integer from 0 to 127. When using an alphanumeric name, the first character must be alpha.
Page 247 • The only way to take readings within a subprogram is to use the TARM SGL or TRIG SGL command. When either of these commands is encountered, the multimeter will not execute the next command in the subprogram until all specified readings are taken.
Page 248: Subend
SUBEND until another external trigger occurs. After the external trigger is received, the TRIG SGL command is encountered which suspends subprogram execution until the 100 readings are taken. After the readings are taken, the message TEST FINISHED is displayed. 10 OUTPUT 722; "SUB EXTPACE" !STORE LINES 20-110 AS SUBPROGRAM 20 OUTPUT 722;...
Page 249 SWEEP sample to the next. For sub-sampling, the valid range of this parameter is 10E-9 to 6000 seconds with 10ns increments; for all other measurement functions the range is ( l/maximum reading rate) to 6000 seconds in 100ns increments. Power-on effective_interval = 100E-9 Default effective_interval = 20µs #_samples Specifies the number of samples to be taken.
Page 250 SWEEP 30 Num_samples=lOOO !DESIGNATE NUMBER OF SAMPLES 40 Eff_int=2.0E-6 !DESIGNATE EFFECTIVE INTERVAL 50 INTEGER Int_samp(1:1000) BUFFER!CREATE INTEGER BUFFER 60 ALLOCATE REAL Wave_form(1:Num_samples)!CREATE ARRAY FOR SORTED DATA 70 ALLOCATE REAL Samp(1:Num_samples)!CREATE ARRAY FOR SAMPLES 80 ASSIGN @Dvm TO 722 !ASSIGN MULTIMETER ADDRESS 90 ASSIGN @Int_samp TO BUFFER Int_samp(*)!ASSIGN BUFFER I/O PATH NAME 100 OUTPUT @Dvm;"PRESET FAST;LEVEL;SLOPE;SSRC LEVEL;SSDC 10"...
Page 251: Tarm
T is an abbreviation for the TRIG command. Syntax T [event] Refer to the TRlG command for more information. TARM Trigger arm. Defines the event that enables (arms) the trigger event (TRIG command). You can also use this command to perform multiple measurement cycles.
Page 252 TARM Default number_arms = 1 (multiple arming disabled) • Remarks For all measurement functions except sub-sampling (see Chapter 5), the trigger arm event operates along with the trigger event (TRIG command) and the sample event (NRDGS or SWEEP command). To make a measurement, the trigger arm event must occur first, followed by the trigger event, and finally the sample event.
Page 253: Tbuff
TBUFF all measurement cycles are complete. If you want to regain control of the bus immediately, suppress the cr lf by replacing line 60 with: 60 OUTPUT 722 USING "#,K"TARM SGL, 5;" In the above line, the # image specifier suppresses the cr lf. The K image specifier suppresses trailing or leading spaces and outputs the command in free-field format.
Page 254: Temp
TEMP? TEMP? Temperature Query. Returns the multimeter's internal temperature in degrees Centigrade. Syntax TEMP? • Remarks Monitoring the multimeter's tempernture is helpful to determine when to perform autocalibration. • Related Commands: ACAL, CAL, CALSTR Example 10 OUTPUT 722; "TEMP?" !READ TEMPERATURE 20 ENTER 722;...
Page 255: Test
TEST TEST Causes the multimeter to perform a series of internal self-tests. Syntax TEST • Remarks Always disconnect any input signals before you run self-test. If you leave an input signal connected to the multimeter, it may cause a self-test failure. •...
Page 256: Tone
TONE PRESET state, the multimeter uses the NRDGS command. The power-on values for SWEEP can only be used for sub-sampling (since NRDGS does not apply to sub-sampling). • You cannot use the TIMER (or SWEEP) event for AC or AC+DC voltage measurements using the synchronous or random methods (SETACV SYNC or RNDM) or for frequency or period measurements.
Page 257 TRIG The event parameter choices are: Numeric event Query Parameter Equiv. Description AUTO Triggers whenever the multimeter is not busy Triggers on low-going TTL signal on the Ext Trig connector Triggers once (upon receipt of TRIG SGL) then reverts to TRIG HOLD) HOLD Disables readings Triggers when the multimeter's output buffer is...
Page 258 TRIG multimeter is properly configured. Line 20 suspends measurements by setting the trigger event to HOLD. Lines 30 and 40 configure for 30 DC voltage readings per trigger event. Line 50 generates a single trigger causing the multimeter to make thirty readings.
Page 259: Chapter 7 Basic Language For The 3458A
Chapter 7 BASIC Language for the 3458A Introduction ............261 Knowing When a Subprogram is Paused . 277 How It Works ............261 Aborting a Subprogram ......277 BASIC Language Commands ......262 Exiting a Subprogram ....... 277 Variables and Arrays ........262 Nesting Subprograms ........
Page 260 Chapter 7 BASIC Language for the 3458A...
Page 261: Introduction
Chapter 7 BASIC Language for the 3458A Introduction This chapter describes the BASIC commands supported by the 3458A's internal BASIC language operating system. With this feature, many of your special requirements can be easily satisfied by writing and downloading a simple BASIC subprogram to customize the multimeter's behavior.
Page 262: Basic Language Commands
• Local variables (all variables are global) • Parameter passing • Any other BASIC commands not listed in this supplement. BASIC Language Commands This section gives you an overview of the BASIC language commands that are supported by the 3458A's internal BASIC language operating system. Refer to the later sections in this chapter for more detailed information and examples on these commands.
Page 263: Subprogram Definition/Deletion
DIV, MOD, ABS, SQR, LOG, EXP, LGT, SIN, COS, ATN Binary Operations: AND, OR, EXOR, NOT, BINAND, BINCMP, BINEOR, BINIOR, BIT, ROTATE, SHIFT Subprogram SUB sub_name Identifies where the subprogram begins and assigns the name to the subprogram. Definition/Deletion SUBEND sub_name Identifies where the subprogram ends and also terminates the entry of the subprogram.
Page 264: New Multimeter Commands
New Multimeter Commands The following commands are not documented in chapter 6 but are included in this supplement for your convenience. These commands will work with all revisions of the 3458A's instrument firmware (except as noted). ENTER user_variable Transfers a reading from the multimeter's reading memory to a user variable.
Page 265: 3458A Basic Language Example Program
3458A BASIC Language Example Program The following example program illustrates the use of the 3458A's internal BASIC language along with the use of new multimeter commands. This program example uses a Series 300 BASIC computer for program development and for downloading the program to the multimeter over the GPIB interface.
Page 266: Variables And Arrays
500 ENTER @Dvm; Mean ! Read M into computer 510 T2=TIMEDATE ! Store end time 520 PRINT"MEAN";Mean;"TRANSFER AND CALCULATION SPEED";T2-T1-(T1 -T0) 530 PRINT 540 END Sample Results From MEAN 54.73391112 TRANSFER AND CALCULATION SPEED .399963378906 Program Execution: Variables and Arrays The 3458A employs two forms of numeric variables: simple variables (also called "scalars") and subscripted arrays.
Page 267: Type Conversions
in an assignment statement with the LET command. For example, the following statements automatically declare the variable names specified. OUTPUT 722; "LET A=SIN(.223)" OUTPUT 722; "LET B=3.14159" Some 3458A commands expect a specific variable type when defining variables for parameters. For example, the TIME command expects a real number.
Page 268: Arrays
OUTPUT 722; "LET TIME_INT =40*3E-3" Variables can replace numeric parameters in any 3458A command that uses numeric parameters. Two examples uses are (1) numeric data storage and (2) numeric calculations. The following sections discuss these two uses. Variables for Data At power-on, numeric output data generated by the 3458A is placed into the GPIB output buffer where it can be sent to the system controller.
Page 269: General Purpose Math
the maximum array size is determined by available 3458A memory (approximately 10 kbytes if no stored states or subprograms are stored). A non-integer subscript is rounded to the nearest integer. Arrays may be resized by re-declaring them. This initializes each element in the array to a value of zero.
Page 270: Math Operators
general math functions, trigonometric functions, and binary functions are available. The 3458A also has a simple calculator mode. Math Operators In addition to the standard math operators (+ – * / ^), two additional arithmetic operators exist in the 3458A. These operators are DIV (integer division) and MOD (modulo).
Page 271: Trigonometric Functions
Function/Argument Meaning EXP(X) : Natural antilogarithm. Raises e to the power of the argument. LGT(X) : Common logarithm of a positive argument to the base 10. Trigonometric Functions Three trigonometric functions are provided in the 3458A. The trigonometric functions are shown in the following table. Function/Argument Meaning (X in radians) SIN(X)
Page 272: Math Hierarchy
Function/Argument Meaning ROTATE(X,displacement) Returns an integer obtained by rotating the argument a specified number of positions with bit wraparound.* SHIFT(X,displacement) Returns an integer obtained by rotating the argument a specified number of positions without bit wraparound.* If the displacement is positive, rotating or shifting is toward the least significant bit.
Page 273: Subprograms
20 OUTPUT 722; "LET A=25.3765477" 30 OUTPUT 722; "IF SIN(A)^2 + COS(A)^2 = 1 THEN" 40 OUTPUT 722; " DISP 'EQUAL'" 50 OUTPUT 722; "ELSE" 60 OUTPUT 722; " DISP'NOT EQUAL'" 70 OUTPUT 722; " ENDIF" 80 OUTPUT 722; "SUBEND" 90 ! 100 OUTPUT 722;...
Page 274: Writing And Loading Subprograms
depends on the individual sizes of the subprograms. A typical subprogram containing 10 commands (including the SUB and SUBEND commands) might average about 600 bytes. Refer to chapter 3 for more information on memory usage. Can I Nest Subprograms? Yes! Nesting subprograms is the ability to have one subprogram call (execute) another subprogram.
Page 275: Subprogram Command Types
The subprogram will not be stored if a subprogram nesting error exists when the SUBEND command is executed (e.g., if one of the called subprograms does not exist in 3458A memory). If you create or download a subprogram using a subprogram name which already exists in 3458A memory, the new subprogram overwrites the previous subprogram.
Page 276: Scratch
itself from the catalog listing of subprograms (CAT command). SCRATCH The SCRATCH command deletes (scratches) all 3458A subprograms, variables, and arrays from internal memory. It also deletes all name definitions from the catalog listing (CAT command). If SCRATCH is executed when a subprogram is running, an error is generated but the subprogram is not purged from memory.
Page 277: Execution Commands
Execution Subprogram execution commands control the execution of a subprogram. The syntax statements for the subprogram execution commands are shown Commands below. CALL sub_name PAUSE CONT Subprogram CALL The CALL command executes the named subprogram and waits for completion before executing other commands This means that no subsequent commands are accepted (either from the GPIB interface or the front-panel keyboard) until the subprogram finishes.
Page 278: Conditional Statements In Subprograms
in the subprogram. The RETURN command returns control to the caller without executing the SUBEND command. For example, 10 OUTPUT 722; "SUB DMM_CONF" 20 OUTPUT 722; "DCV 8, 0.00125" 30 OUTPUT 722; "TRIG SGL" 40 OUTPUT 722; "ENTER A' 60 OUTPUT 722; "IF A<5.06 THEN; RETURN" 70 OUTPUT 722;...
Page 279: While Loops
command is shown below. FOR counter = initial_value TO final_value [STEP step_size] program segment NEXT counter The counter parameter is a variable name which acts as the loop counter. The initial_value parameter and final_value parameter may be numbers, numeric variables, or numeric expressions. The optional step_size parameter may be a number or numeric expression which specifies the amount the loop counter is incremented for each pass through the loop.
Page 280: If...then Branching
130 END IF...THEN Branching The IF...THEN command provides conditional branching within 3458A subprograms. The syntax statements for the IF...THEN command is shown below. IF expression THEN program segment [ ELSE ] [ program segment ] ENDIF The ENDIF statement must follow the IF...THEN statement somewhere in the subprogram.
Page 281 Appendix A Specifications Introduction ............283 DC Voltage ............284 Resistance ............285 DC Current ............287 AC Voltage ............288 AC Current ............293 Frequency/ Period ..........294 Digitizing Specifications ........295 System Specifications .......... 297 Ratio ..............298 Math Functions ............
Page 282 Appendix A Specifications...
Page 283: Introduction
Appendix A Specifications Introduction The following examples illustrate the error Example 5: Absolute Accuracy; 90 Day correction of auto-calibration by computing Assuming the same conditions as Example 4, The 3458A accuracy is specified as a part per the relative measurement error of the 3458A but now add the traceability error to establish million (ppm) of the reading plus a ppm of for various temperature conditions.
Page 284: Dc Voltage
1 / DC Voltage Additional error from Tcal or last ACAL ± 1 º C. Additional error from Tcal DC Voltage ±5º C Range Full Scale Maximum Input Impedance Temperature Coefficient (ppm of Specifications are for Resolution Reading + ppm of Range) /º C PRESET, NPLC 100.
Page 285: Resistance
Reading Rate (Auto-Zero Off) Selected Reading Rates For PRESET; DELAY 0; DlSP OFF; OFORMAT Readings / Sec DINT; ARANGE OFF. A-Zero NPLC Aperture Digits Bits A-Zero Aperture is selected independent of line frequency (LFREQ). 0.0001 1.4 µs 100,000 4,130 These apertures are for 60 0.0006 10 µs 50,000 3,150...
Page 286 Accuracy (ppm of Reading + ppm of Range) Range 24 Hour 90 Day 1 Year 2 Year Specifications are for PRESET; 10 W 15+5 15+5 20+10 NPLC 100; OCOMP ON; OHMF. 100 W 10+5 12+5 20+10 Tcal ± 1°C. 1 kW 2+0.2 8+0.5 10+0.5...
Page 287: Dc Current
3 / DC Current DC Current (DCI Function) Additional error from Maximum Shunt Burden Temperature Coefficient Tcal or last ACAL±1°C. Range Full Scale Resolution Resistance Voltage (ppm of Reading + ppm of Range) / °C Additional error from Without ACAL With ACAL Tcal±...
Page 288: Ac Voltage
4 / AC Voltage General Information The 3458A supports three techniques for measuring true rms AC voltage, each offering unique capabilities. The desired measurement technique is selected through the SETACV command. The ACV functions will then apply the chosen method for subsequent measurements. The following section provides a brief description of the three operation modes along with a summary table helpful in choosing the technique best suited to your specific measurement need.
Page 289: Transfer Accuracy
AC Accuracy (continued): 24 Hour to 2 Year (% of Reading + % of Range) ACBAND >2 MHz Range 45 Hz to 100 kHz 100 kHz to 1 MHz 1 MHz to 4 MHz 4 MHz to 8 MHz 8 MHz to 10 MHz 10 mV 0.09 + 0.06 1.2 + 0.05...
Page 290 High Frequency Temperature Coefficient Maximum Input For outside Tcal ±5°C add the following error. Rated Input Non-Destructive (% of Reading)/°C HI to LO ±1000 V pk ±1200 V pk Frequency LO to Guard ±200 V pk ±350 V pk Guard to Earth ±500 V pk ±1000 V pk Range 2 –...
Page 291: Reading Rates
Reading Rates For DELAY–1: ARANGE Sec / Reading For DELAY 0; NPLC .1 , ACBAND Low NPLC ACDCV unspecified reading rates of ³10 Hz greater than 500/Sec are ³1 kHz possible. ³10 kHz 0.02 Settling Characteristics For first reading or range change error using default delays, add .01% of input step additional error. The following data applies for DELAY 0.
Page 292 AC + DCV Accuracy (ACDCV Function) For ACDCV Accuracy apply the following additional error to the ACV accuracy. (% of Range). DC £10% of AC Voltage DC >10% of AC Voltage Temperature Temperature ACBAND ACBAND ACBAND ACBAND £ 2 MHz £...
Page 293: Ac Current
5 / AC Current AC Current (ACI and ACDCI Functions) Additional error beyond ±1°C, but within ±5°C of last Maximum Shunt Burden Temperature Coefficient ACAL. (% of Reading + % of Range) / °C Range Full Scale Resolution Resistance Voltage Specifications apply full 100 µA 120.0000...
Page 294: Frequency/ Period
Settling Characteristics For first reading or range change error using default delays, add .01% of input step additional error for the 100 µA to 100 mA ranges. For the 1 A range add .05% of input step additional error. The following data applies for DELAY 0. Function ACBAND Low DC Component...
Page 295: Digitizing Specifications
7 / Digitizing Specifications General Information The 3458A supports three independent methods for signal digitizing. Each method is discussed below to aid in selecting the appropriate setup best suited to your specific application. Standard DCV function. This mode of digitizing allows signal acquisition at rates from 0.2 readings / sec at 28 bits resolution to 100k readings / sec at 16 bits.
Page 296 Dynamic Performance 100 mV, 1 V, 10 V Ranges; Aperture = 6 µs Test Input (2 x full scale pk-pk) Result DFT-harmonics 1 kHz < –96 dB DFT-spurious 1 kHz < –100 dB Differential non-linearity < 0.003% of Range Signal to Noise Ratio 1 kHz >96 dB Direct and Sub-sampled Digitizing (DSDC, DSAC, SSDC and SSAC Functions)
Page 297: System Specifications
8 / System Specifications Function-Range-Measurement The time required to program via GPIB a new measurement configuration, trigger a reading, and return the result to a controller with the following instrument setup: PRESET FAST; DELAY 0; AZERO ON; OFORMAT SINT; INBUF ON; NPLC 0. TO - FROM Configuration Description Subprogram Rate GPIB Rate...
Page 298: Ratio
9 / Ratio Type of Ratio All SETACV measurement types are selectable. DCV / DCV Ratio = (Input) / (Reference) LO Sense to LO limited to ACV / DCV Reference: (HI Sense to LO) – (LO Sense to LO) ± 0.25 V. ACDCV / DCV Reference Signal Range: ±12 V DC (autorange only) Accuracy...
Page 299: 11 / General Specifications
11 / General Specifications Warranty Period Operating Environment One year Temperature Range: 0°C to 55°C Operating Location: Indoor Use Only Input Terminals Operating Altitude: Up to 2,000 Meters Gold-plated Tellurium Copper Pollution Rating: IEC 664 Degree 2 Input Limits Operating Humidity Range up to 95% RH at 40°C Input HI to LO: 300 Vac Max (CAT II) IEEE-488 Interface...
Page 300 Appendix A Specifications...
Page 301 Appendix B GPIB Commands Introduction ............303 ABORT 7 (IFC) ..........304 CLEAR (DCL or SDC) ........304 LOCAL (GTL) ..........304 LOCAL LOCKOUT (LLO) ......305 REMOTE ............305 SPOLL (Serial Poll) ........306 TRIGGER (GET) ........... 307 Appendix B GPIB Commands...
Page 302 Appendix B GPIB Commands...
Page 303: Appendix A Specifications
Introduction Appendix B GPIB Commands Introduction The BASIC language GPIB commands in this appendix are specifically for HP Series 200/300 computers. Any IEEE-488 controller can send these messages; however, the syntax may be different from that shown here. The IEEE-488 terminology is shown in parentheses following each command title.
Page 304: Abort 7 (Ifc)
ABORT 7 (IFC) ABORT 7 (IFC) Clears the multimeter's interface circuitry. Syntax ABORT 7 Example ABORT 7 !CLEARS THE MULTIMETER'S INTERFACE CIRCUITRY CLEAR (DCL or SDC) Clears the multimeter, preparing it to receive a command. The CLEAR command does the following: •...
Page 305: Local Lockout (Llo)
LOCAL LOCKOUT (LLO) Examples LOCAL 7 !SETS GPIB REN LINE FALSE (ALL DEVICES GO TO LOCAL). (YOU MUST NOW EXECUTE REMOTE 7 TO RETURN TO REMOTE MODE). LOCAL 722 !ISSUES GPIB GTL TO DEVICE AT ADDRESS 22. (AFTERWARDS, EXECUTING ANY MULTIMETER COMMAND OR REMOTE 722 RETURNS THE MULTIMETER TO REMOTE MODE.
Page 306: Spoll (Serial Poll)
SPOLL (Serial Poll) Examples REMOTE 7 !SETS GPIB REN LINE TRUE The above line does not, by itself, place the multimeter in the remote state. The multimeter will only go into the remote state when it receives its listen address (e.g., sending OUTPUT 722;"BEEP").
Page 307: Trigger (Get)
TRIGGER (GET) TRIGGER (GET) If triggering is armed (see TARM command), the TRIGGER command (Group Execute Trigger) triggers the multimeter once, and then holds triggering. Syntax TRIGGER 7 TRIGGER 722 • Remarks The TRIGGER command generates a single trigger just as if the TRIG SGL command was executed.
Page 308 TRIGGER (GET) Appendix B GPIB Commands...
Page 309 Appendix C Procedure to Lock Out Front/ Rear Terminals and Guard Terminal Switches Introduction ............311 Tools Required ............ 311 Procedure ............. 311 Covers Removal Procedure ......312 Guard Pushrod Removal Procedure ....314 Front/Rear Pushrod Removal Procedure ..314 Switch Cap Installation Procedure ....
Page 310 Appendix C Procedure to Lock Out Front/Rear Terminals and Guard Terminal Switches...
Page 311: Introduction
Appendix C Procedure to Lock Out Front/Rear Terminals and Guard Terminal Switches Introduction Either or both the Front/Rear Terminals and Guard Terminal switches can be locked out to prevent changing their settings. To do this, first remove all covers from the 3458. Then, remove the pushrods from the Front/Rear and Guard switches.
Page 312: Covers Removal Procedure
Covers Removal Do the following: Procedure 1. Remove any connections to the 3458. 2. Remove ac power from the 3458. 3. Refer to Figure 35. Turn the instrument so its right side faces you (as seen from the front). Figure 35. 3458 Right side 4.
Page 313 Figure 36. 3458 Left side Figure 37. Covers ground screws Appendix C Procedure to Lock Out Front/Rear Terminals and Guard Terminal Switches...
Page 314: Guard Pushrod Removal Procedure
Figure 38. 3458 Rear view Guard Pushrod If you DO NOT wish to lockout the Guard switch, continue with the next paragraph. Removal Procedure 1. Refer to Figure 39. Use the #TX 10 Torx driver to remove the bottom shield screw. Then remove the shield. Pull the shield toward the rear of the instrument until the shield retainers line up with the slots in the shield.
Page 315 Figure 39. 3458 Inside bottom view Figure 40. Guard switch and pushrod location Appendix C Procedure to Lock Out Front/Rear Terminals and Guard Terminal Switches...
Page 316: Switch Cap Installation Procedure
Figure 41. 3458 Inside top view 3. Refer to Figure 42. Locate the pushrod for the Front/Rear Terminal switch. Pull the pushrod off. You may need to pry the pushrod loose with a small flat blade screwdriver, Set the switch in the position it is to be used. 4.
Page 317 Figure 42. Front/rear terminal switch and pushrod location Figure 43. Switch covers installation Appendix C Procedure to Lock Out Front/Rear Terminals and Guard Terminal Switches...
Page 318: Covers Installation Procedure
Covers Installation Do the following: Procedure 1. Turn the 3458 over so its top sits on your workbench. 2. Install the bottom cover by placing it into the slots of the instrument side castings, Then push the cover toward the front of the instrument into the front panel bezel.
Page 319: Appendix D Optimizing Throughout And Reading Rate
Appendix D Optimizing Throughout and Reading Rate Introducing the 3458A ......... 321 Application Oriented Command Language ..321 Intrinsically Slow Measurements ....321 Maximizing the Testing Speed ......322 Program Memory ........... 322 State Storage ........... 322 Reading Analysis ..........322 Task Grouping and Sequence ......
Page 320 Appendix D Optimizing Throughout and Reading Rate...
Page 321: Introducing The 3458A
Appendix D Optimizing Throughout and Reading Rate (From Product Note 3458A-1) In the past decade and a half, microcomputers have greatly improved both their internal speed and their speed of communication with other equipment. The actual clock rates of microcomputers used in instrumentation has gone from under 1 MHz to over 12 MHz and the data bus has gone from 8 bits to 16 bits.
Page 322: Maximizing The Testing Speed
the speed of testing. For example, in many systems accuracy can be traded for speed; or flexibility in timing the measurement can lead to real increases in the rate of rms AC measurements with good accuracy. The set of trade-offs one may make with the 3458A Multimeter is covered in detail in this Product Note.
Page 323: System Uptime
throughput and still provides 70% of the overhead programming like Statistical Quality Control (SQC) and inventory management. System Uptime Longer system up-time also means higher test system throughput. The 3458A's Multimeter performs a complete self-calibration of all functions, including AC, using high-stability internal standards.
Page 324: Optimizing Through The Dcv Path
track-and-hold path can accept signals up to 12 MHz. The track-and-hold path is limited to 16 bits of resolution unless repeated measurements are made. The DCV path can present up to 8 1/2 digits (27 bits) resolution. Optimizing The classic trade-offs one can make with the 3458A are measurement speed versus measurement resolution.
Page 325 Figure 44. Shows the dependency of accuracy, reading rate, resolution, and noise on aperture or NPLC selected. Table 30: Integration time and query response. Command Integration Time Query Response (NPLC?) (APER) 50 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz NPLC0 500 ns 500 ns 25 E-6...
Page 326: Dc Current
DCV,20;RES.001 (omitting the resolution parameter of the DCV command and using the RES command) both set the 3458A to DCV, the 100 V range, the integration period to 8 µs, and set the resolution to .00l% of 20 V. The reading rate can be doubled simply by turning the auto zero operation off.
Page 327 Figure 45. Settling time characteristic for resistance measurements assuming <200pF shunt capacitance in the circuit tested. For small values of resistance, there is no real advantage to setting the delay to less than the default values. Resistance above 100 kW require longer settling times to reach final values: hence settling delay times for these values may...
Page 328: Optimizing Through The Track-And-Hold Path
Optimizing As stated earlier, the standard DCV path directs the signal to the A to D Converter. This path exhibits 150 kHz bandwidth and selectable resolution from 4 1/2 to 8 Through the 1/2 digits. The track-and- hold path exhibits 12 MHz bandwidth and 4 1/2 digits Track-and-Hold of resolution.
Page 329: Comparison Of Acv Modes
the resolution of the measurement is dependent upon the number of samples, this mode of operation is the least accurate and the slowest of the ACV functions for high resolution. Aliasing (discussed in detail in the Digitizing Product Note 3458A-2) is avoided by a random selection of sampling intervals from 20 to 40 µs in 10 ns increments.
Page 330: Frequency And Period
Frequency and The track-and-hold path is also the route the signal must take for frequency and its reciprocal, period. The 3458A offers frequency response from 10 Hz to 10 Period MHz to 7½ digits with a maximum gate time of 1 second. One can trade speed for accuracy and resolution by selection of shorter gate times of the internal counter.
Page 331: Output Formats
storage. The transfer rate into and out of the Reading Memory and the GPIB transfer rate using direct memory access with an HP 9000 Series 200/300 computer is 100,000 readings per second. The advantage of the memory is that one may access the data when it is convenient for the controller and not have to tie the system up waiting for the measurement to finish (a long integration period, a long settling time, or an average of multiple readings can cause even the fastest dmm to hold up the system).
Page 332: Measurement List
Measurement List The most efficient method of using the 3458A within a system is to establish a measurement list in Program Memory that corresponds with a channel list in the signal switching instrument. The 358A's External Output is connected to the Channel Advance input of the switching instrument and the Channel Closed output of the switching instrument is connected to the External Trigger input of the 3458A.
Page 333: A Benchmark
A Benchmark The benchmark used to show the affect of the various functions of the 3458A Multimeter will start with the most convenient, but least rapid, procedure of having the computer ask the dmm to change to a particular function, make a measurement, and transfer the measurement to the computer.
Page 334: Benchmark Results
1 DCV <1 V ±.001% 1 ACV <10 V ±.1% 1 DCV <10 V ±1% 3 DCV <10 V ±.01% Benchmark Results Default Conditions: (Subprogram Default) time = 20.63 s. 560 SUB Default(REAL Dnld_time.Exe_time,Tns_time) 570 DIM A(37) 580 Exe_time=TIMEDATE 590 OUTPUT 722;"RESET;TRIG SYN" 600 OUTPUT 722;"OHM"...
Page 335 1180 DIM A(37) 1190 Exe_time=TIMEDATE 1200 OUTPUT 722;"PRESET" 1210 OUTPUT 722;"OHM,lE4;NPLC 0" 1220 FOR I=1 TO 15 1230 ENTER 722;A(I) 1240 NEXT I 1250 OUTPUT 722;"OHM,1E5" 1410 ENTER 722;A(34) 1420 OUTPUT 722;"DCV,10;NPLC 0" 1430 FOR I=35 TO 37 1440 ENTER 722;A(I) 1450 NEXT I 1460 Exe_time=TIMEDATE-Exe_time 1470 Dnld_time=0...
Page 336 1940 OUTPUT 722;"DCV,10;NPLC 0;DELAY 0;NRDGS 3;TRIG SGL 1950 Exe_time=TIMEDATE-Exe_time 1960 Dnld_time=0 1970 Tns_time=TIMEDATE 1980 FOR I=1 TO 37 1990 ENTER 722;A(I) 2000 NEXT I 2010 Tns_time=TlMEDATE-Tns_time 2020 SUBEND A marked change is effected in the structure of the program. Now the readings are stored in Reading Memory as the measurements are made.
Page 337 OUTPUT 722 USING "#,K"; "CALL 1" By using the image "#,K", the End-Of-Line (EOL) terminators are suppressed. When the 3458A receives the command without a terminator, it releases the computer so that the computer can continue the program while the 3458A continues with the operations it was requested to do.
Page 338: Still Faster
Still Faster A considerable increase in throughput can be had if you use TRANSFER statements instead of OUTPUT and ENTER statements. Further, the juxtaposition of some commands improve the measurement speed. Notably, the sequence for DELAY and ACBAND when working with ACV can make a large difference in execution speed.
Page 339 350 PRINT "EXECUTION TIME =";Exe_time 360 PRINT "TRANSFER TIME = ";Tns_time 370 PRINT "TOTAL TIME = "; Dnld_time+Exe_time+Tns_time 380 END 10 ! Bench Mark Test 20 ! 30 COM Dnld_trme.Exe_time,Tns_time 40 ! 50 CALL Default(Dnld_time,Exe_time,Tns_time) 60 PRINT USING "36A.DD.DDD";"The execution time for default is ";Exe_time 70 PRINT 80 !
Page 340: Call Default(Dnld_Time,Exe_Time,Tns_Time)
440 PRINT USING "44A,DD,DDD";"The transfer time using FOR NEXT is ";Tns_time 450 PRINT USING "44A,DD.DDD";"The total time for AZERO off is"; Exe_time+Dnld_time+ Tns_time 460 PRINT 470 ! 480 CALL Defeat(Dnld_time,Exe_time,Tns_time) 490 PRINT USING "44A,DD.DDD";"The execution time for program memory is ";Exe_time 500 PRINT USING "44A,DD,DDD";"The download time for transfering the SUB is";Dnld_time...
Page 341 1030 OUTPUT 722;"DCV, 10" 1040 FOR I=28 TO 33 1050 ENTER 722;A(l) 1060 NEXT I 1070 OUTPUT 722;"ACV,10;ACBAND 5000" 1080 ENTER 722;A(34) 1090 OUTPUT 722;"DCV,10" 1100 FOR I=35 TO 37 1110 ENTER 722;A(I) 1120 NEXT I 1130 Exe_time=TIMEDATE-Exe_time 1140 Dnld time=0 1150 Tns_time=0 1160 SUBEND 1170 SUB Integrat(REAL Dnld_time,Exe_time, Tns_time)
Page 342: Tns_Time
1680 ENTER 722;A(27) 1690 OUTPUT 722;"DCV,10;NPLC 0;DELAY 0" 1700 FOR I=28 TO 33 1710 ENTER 722;A(I) 1720 NEXT I 1730 OUTPUT 722;"ACV,10;ACBAND 5000;APER 20E-6; DELAY .01" 1740 ENTER 722;A(34) 1750 OUTPUT 722;"DCV,10;NPLC 0;DELAY 0" 1760 FOR I=35 TO 37 1770 ENTER 722;A(I) 1780 NEXT I 1790 Exe_tlme=TIMEDATE-Exe_time 1800 Dnld_time=0...
Page 343 2330 OUTPUT 722;"ACV 10;ACBAND 25000;DELAY .01;TRIG SGL" 2340 OUTPUT 722:"DCV,10;NPLC 0;DELAY 0;NRDGS 6;TRIG SGL" 2350 OUTPUT 722;"ACV,10;ACBAND 5000;APER 20E-6;DELAY .01;NRDGS 1;TRIG SGL" 2360 OUTPUT 722:"DCV,10;NPLC 0;DELAY 0;NRDGS 3;TRIG SGL;SUBEND" 2370 Dnld_time=TIMEDATE-Dnld_time 2380 Exe_time=TIMEDATE 2390 OUTPUT 722;"CALL 1" 2400 Exe_time=TIMEDATE-Exe_time 2410 Tns_time=TIMEDATE 2420 FOR I=1 TO 37 2430 ENTER 722:A(I) 2440 NEXT I...
Page 344 70 SUB Test_58(Time58) 80 DIM A(20),B(90),C(30),D(30),J$[80] 90 !SET UP SCANNER 100 ASSIGN @Scan TO 709 110 ASSIGN @Dmm TO 722 120 CLEAR @Dmm 130 OUTPUT @Dmm;"RESET" !Sets the dmm to power-up state 140 OUTPUT @Dmm;"TRIG HOLD" ! Stops triggering 150 ! 160 ! -------- ScannerSetup -------- 170 ! 180 OUTPUT @Scan;"RESET"...
Page 345 660 OUTPUT @Dmm;"ACV 10"!Sets the dmm to 10 volts maximum input in acV 670 OUTPUT @Dmm;"TARM SGL"! (3 680 OUTPUT @Dmm;"TARM SGL"! (4) 690 OUTPUT @Dmm:"DCV 10” 700 OUTPUT @Dmm;"TARM SGL"! (4) 710 OUTPUT @Dmm;"TARM SGL"! (5) 720 OUTPUT @Dmm;"ACV 10" 730 OUTPUT @Dmm;"TARM SGL"! (5) 740 OUTPUT @Dmm;"TARM SGL"! (6) 750 OUTPUT @Dmm;"DCV 10"...
Page 346 Appendix D Optimizing Throughout and Reading Rate...
Page 347 Appendix E High Resolution Digitizing With the 3458A Introduction ............349 Speed with Resolution ......... 349 Digitizing Analog Signals ......350 Avoiding Aliasing .......... 350 Choice of Two Measurement Paths ..... 351 Using the DCV Path for Direct Sampling ..351 Using the Track-and-Hold Path for Direct or Sequential Sampling ........
Page 348 Appendix E High Resolution Digitizing With the 3458A...
Page 349: Introduction
Appendix E High Resolution Digitizing With the 3458A (From Product Note 3458A-2) Introduction In your system or stand-alone with your computer, the 3458A can digitize wave forms with low distortion and very high resolution. The 3458A has the measurement speed and precise timing necessary for direct sampling of signals with frequency components up to 50 kHz or, with repetitive signals, subsampling up to 12 MHz with 16 bits of resolution and more.
Page 350: Digitizing Analog Signals
measurement-to-measurement jitter. Through the track-and-hold path, the 3458A can digitize repetitive signals up to 12 MHz at 50 kSamples/s with 16 bits resolution by using sequential sampling (subsampling). Digitizing Analog Most digital signal processing systems may be represented as illustrated in Figure 50.
Page 351: Choice Of Two Measurement Paths
Figure 51. Direct sampling acquires the wave form in one pass of the input. Sequential sampling requires a repetitive signal where the period is reconstructed in several passes. The numbers shown represent samples acquired in one period of the input. Choice of Two Measurement Paths The 3458A provides two different input measurement paths: the standard DCV path and the track-and-hold path (see Figure 52).
Page 352: Using The Track-And-Hold Path For Direct Or
Figure 52. The 3458A Multimeter provides two different digitizing paths, the standard DCV path and a track-and-hold path. Using the The track-and-hold path is the solution to capturing the amplitude of narrow pulses. This path has a bandwidth of 12 MHz and a fixed aperture of 2 ns. With Track-and-Hold trigger jitter of 2 ns, you can, with a little searching, capture the peak amplitude Path for Direct or...
Page 353 digitizing, two additional commands are used for direct sampling and subsampling: SWEEP which is related to NRDGS, and SSRC which selects the trigger source (level or external) for subsampling. You can choose from a variety of events or conditions that must be satisfied before taking measurements, as shown is Figure 54.
Page 354 TRIG is the next condition to be satisfied. Only after both TARM and TRIG event conditions are satisfied can a burst measurement be made with NRDGS. Refer to Figure 56. NRDGS [# of readings] [,event] lets you specify the number of readings to take, the trigger condition for each reading, and the number of readings saved in memory before or after the trigger event.
Page 355: High Speed Data Transfers
cycle. Two methods suggest themselves for this analysis: (1) sweep the entire frequency spectrum at 100 ns interval or (2) divide the frequency spectrum into bands and sweep these bands at the 1/(2f ) for the band. In the first case, the data acquisition time is minimized, in the second case the need for a fast computer is minimized.
Page 356 Figure 58. Here is a typical way to structure your own automatic measurement program using the Library Subprograms (not necessarily a complete list). In addition to time domain analysis like frequency, risetime, pulse width, and overshoot, the Wave Form Analysis Library offers frequency domain analysis with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Inverse Fourier Transform (IFT), with the Hanning filter function.
Page 357: Starter Main Program
The subprogram is one of the most powerful elements available in any programming language. Each subprogram has its own context or state as distinct from the main program. This means that every subprogram has its own set of variables and its own line labels. Starter Main Every program using the library subprogram requires a main program.
Page 358: Errors In Measurements
Figure 59. Example of results generated using the Wave Form Analysis Library. Errors in Measurements The flexibility of the 3458A helps you avoid or compensate for many of the measurement errors that can occur in the digitizing process. Errors associated with digitizing can be grouped by their amplitude error and time error contributions to the total error in the measurement.
Page 359: Amplitude Errors
4. Trigger latency 5. Aperture width 6. Aperture jitter Figure 60. These digitizing error sources should be considered in any measurement. Amplitude Errors The input signal conditioning section of the 3458A has switches (relays), attenuators, and amplifiers associated with conditioning and routing the signal for either the Analog-to-Digital (ADC) or the track-and-hold.
Page 360 An inescapable reality in any measurement is the attendant noise with increasing bandwidth. The effects of random measurement noise can be reduced by averaging the measurements. Caused by Johnson noise and other circuit related noise as well as noise on the input signal, the removal of this noise always costs measurement time.
Page 361: Trigger And Timebase Errors
Figure 62. Analog-to-dig ital converters that exhibit non-linearity errors cause spurious responses that averaging will not remove. The 3458A is linear to 16 bits at 100,000 readings/s. The 3458A offers two input paths. The differences are that the direct ADC path (DCV) offers up to 160 kHz bandwidth up to a sampling rate of 100,000 samples per second;...
Page 362 The trigger error is orders of magnitude greater than timebase error and jitter. Two effects cause this. The 3458A has no delay line, so there is a trigger latency, a time delay between the trigger and the commencement of the measurement, that is fixed by the firmware, the clock, and the timing circuits.
Page 363 INDEX Annunciator AZERO OFF, 27 A/D converter, configuring the, 58 ERR, 27 LSTN, 27 bandwidth, 105 MATH, 27 current, 64 MORE INFO, 27 measurements, configuring for, 62 MRNG, 27 voltage, 62 REM, 27 voltage method, specifying the, 64 SHIFT, 27 AC+DC SMPL, 27 current, 64...
Page 364 Binary coding, two’s complement, 92 Configuring Buffering, external trigger, 88 A/D converter, 58 Burst complete, 113 for AC measurements, 62 Bus, sending readings across the, 98 for DC or resistance measurements, 54 for fast readings, 103 for ratio measurements, 70 Connecting the GPIB cable, 19 Cable CONT, 167...
Page 365 Defaulting parameters, 152 DEFEAT, 168 Editing, display, 38 DEFKEY, 169 EMASK, 174 DELAY, 170 Enabling math operations, 116 Delay time, 105 END, 176 Delayed readings, 86 ENTER statement, 42 Deleting ERR annunciator, 27 states, 75 ERR?, 177 subprograms, 74 Error DELSUB, 171 register, reading the, 31 Determining the reading rate, 109...
Page 366 Execution, suspending subprogram, 72 Frequency, 65 Exponential parameters, 35 reference, 58 External Front panel, 27 trigger buffering, 88 FSOURCE, 182 triggering, 87 FUNC, 183 EXTOUT, 178 FUNCTION keys, 29 EXTOUT ONCE, 115 Function, changing the measurement, 28 EXTOUT signal, 110 Function, specifying a measurement, 53 Fundamentals, sub-sampling, 140 Fuse...
Page 367 INBUF, 185 power fuse, replacing the, 21 Increasing the reading rate, 102 power requirements, 17 Indication, overload, 96, 99 voltage limits, 18 Initial inspection, 15 voltage switches, setting the, 18 Input LINE?, 192 resistance, fixed, 62 Local Key, 44 terminals, selecting the, 50 LOCK, 192 Input buffer, 75 Long displays, viewing, 38...
Page 368 Menu scroll, 36 OHM, 213 Methods OHM example, high-speed, 105 digitizing, 129 OHM key, 29 MFORMAT, 198 OHMF, 213 MMATH, 199 OHMF example, high-speed, 106 Mode, high-speed, 102 OHMF key, 29 MORE INFO Ohms annunciator, 27 2-Wire, 57 display, 39 4-Wire, 57 MORE INFO annunciator, 27 Operating from remote, 42...
Page 369 fuse, installing the line, 18 numbers, using, 96 fuse, replacing the line, 21 rate, determining, 109 line cycles, specifying, 59 rate, increasing the, 102 line fuses, 21 status register, 77 requirements line, 17 Reading complete, 112 switch, 25 Readings Power-on across the bus, 98 self-test, 25 configuring for fast, 103...
Page 370 line power fuse, 21 Selecting Requirements input terminals, 50 grounding, 17 parameter, 33 line power, 17 Self-test, 30, 47 RES, 224 power-on, 25 RESET, 225 Sending Reset key, 32 readings across the bus, 98 Resetting the multimeter, 32 remote command, 43 Resistance, 56 samples to memory, 144 fixed input, 62...
Page 371 resolution, 60, 68 Subprogram Specifying Resolution, when to, 69 autostart, 73 SREAL executing, 72 example, 93 execution, suspending, 72 output format, 101 memory, using, 71 SRQ, 27, 235 storing, 71 annunciator, 27 Subprograms SSAC, 236 compressing, 73 SSDC, 236 deleting, 74 SSPARM?, 239 nested, 73 SSRC, 239...
Page 372 command, 152 Using output, 99 configuration keys, 32 TEST, 254 DINT output format, 99 Test key, 30 DREAL output format, 101 test, display, 32 implied read, 97 tilt stands, 20 Input buffer, 75 Time, delay, 105 MENU keys, 36 Timed readings, 85 reading memory, 94 TIMER, 254 reading numbers, 96...

Agilent Technologies 3458A User Manual

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Installation and Maintenance

Chapter 2 Getting Started

Chapter 3 Configuring for Measurements

Chapter 4 Making Measurements

Chapter 5 Digitizing

Chapter 6 Command Reference

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Summary of Contents for Agilent Technologies 3458A