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HP 8510 User Manual

HP 8510 User Manual

Pulsed-rf network analyzer
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8510 Pulsed RF User's Guide
Title & Document Type:
08510-90505
Manual Part Number:
March 1995
Revision Date:
HP References in this Manual
This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett-Packard. Please note that Hewlett-
Packard's former test and measurement, semiconductor products and chemical analysis
businesses are now part of Agilent Technologies. We have made no changes to this
manual copy. The HP XXXX referred to in this document is now the Agilent XXXX.
For example, model number HP8648A is now model number Agilent 8648A.
About this Manual
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Summary of Contents for HP 8510

  • Page 1 Agilent Technologies. We have made no changes to this manual copy. The HP XXXX referred to in this document is now the Agilent XXXX. For example, model number HP8648A is now model number Agilent 8648A.
  • Page 2 User's Guide HP 8510 Pulsed-RF Network Analyzer ABCDE HP Part No. 08510{90505 Printed in USA March 1995...
  • Page 3 Notice The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and tness for a particular purpose.
  • Page 4 For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by HP. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to HP and HP shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to HP from another country.

  • Page 6: Table Of Contents

    Pulse Measurements Overview ....Operating the HP 8510 for Pulsed-RF Measurements ..
  • Page 7 6. Frequency Domain Point-in-Pulse Measurements Measurement Calibration for Point-in-Pulse ....Measurement ......Set Pulse Polarity .
  • Page 8 HP 8510 Option 008 Added Programming Codes ... . . 11-4 HP 8510 Option 008 Added Query Commands ....11-4...
  • Page 9 Figures 1-1. HP 8510 Pulsed-RF Network Analyzer System ... . . 2-1. Simpli ed Pulsed-RF Network Analyzer Block Diagram ..2-2. HP 85110A S-Parameter Test Set Signal Flow ... . .

  • Page 10: Introduction

    For information about network analysis, please refer to HP Product Note 8510-10, HP 8510B Introductory User's Guide, for an introduction to using the front panel for measurement setup, measurement calibration, and basic network measurements.

  • Page 11: Frequency Domain Point-In-Pulse Measurements

    Frequency Domain Point-in-Pulse Measurements This chapter contains measurement calibration and measurement procedures to display the pulsed-RF S-parameters versus frequency. Pulse Profile Domain Measurements This chapter contains measurement calibration and measurement procedures to display the pulsed-RF S-parameters versus time. General Timing Information Descriptions of the internal timing to show the system's internal pulse repetition period and duty cycle capabilities.

  • Page 12: Hp 8510 Pulsed-Rf Network Analyzer System

    Figure 1-1. HP 8510 Pulsed-RF Network Analyzer System Introduction 1-3...

  • Page 14: System Description

    S-parameters to be measured at a precisely known, repeatable time during the pulse. This extends the HP 8510 applications into two major areas: tests in which the stimulus signal to the device is pulsed, and tests of devices which accept a CW input and produce a pulsed output.

  • Page 15: Theory Of Operation

    20 MHz, and accurate measurement sample timing circuits allow exible analysis of device response during the pulse. With the sources and test set controlled by the HP 8510 over the 8510 system bus, and with all necessary pulse generation and measurement timing signals generated internally from a common 10 MHz reference, the HP 85108 is a complete pulsed-RF stimulus/response test system.

  • Page 16: Test Set Signal Flow

    When control of the pulse repetition period and duty cycle is required, the HP 8510 can use the trigger input to synchronize with the internal or an external pulse modulator. The HP 8510 Stop Sweep output can be used as a gating signal to tell when the analyzer is ready for the next measurement.

  • Page 17: Hp 85110A S-Parameter Test Set Signal Flow

    Figure 2-2. HP 85110A S-Parameter Test Set Signal Flow 2-4 System Description...

  • Page 18: Principles Of Pulsed-Rf Network Measurements

    Other factors which a ect the system PRP are calibration type, pulse width, duty cycle, and pulse pro le domain stop time. If the PRP is controlled externally, the HP 8510 external trigger input is used to synchronize the analyzer with the pulse.

  • Page 19: Duty Cycle

    Duty Cycle The ratio of the time that the pulse is ON to the total Pulse Repetition Period. If the pulse ON and OFF times are equal, the Duty Cycle is 50 percent. For internal operation, the maximum duty cycle percent limit can be speci ed, but the actual duty cycle may be less, depending upon the user-specifed pulse width and the time it takes for the analyzer to set up for the next measurement.

  • Page 20: Pulse Pro Le Measurement Resolution Period

    Pulse Profile Measurement Resolution Period The time between adjacent Pulse Pro le domain data points. The minimum is 100 nanoseconds. This is set by an algorithm depending upon the Pulse Pro le stop time, pulse width, and number of time points. Figure 3-1. Pulse Terms and Definitions Principles of Pulsed-RF Network Measurements 3-3...

  • Page 22: Pulse Measurements Overview

    Pulse Measurements Overview This chapter contains information about how the HP 8510 pulsed-RF network analyzer system measures pulsed-RF S-parameters versus frequency and versus time. The pulsed-RF con guration allows use of vector network analysis techniques for two types of measurements: Pulsed-RF S-Parameters versus Frequency . The measurement is synchronized with the...
  • Page 23 Figure 4-1. Pulsed-RF S-Parameters versus Frequency (Frequency Domain Point-in-Pulse) 4-2 Pulse Measurements Overview...

  • Page 24: Pulse Pro Le Domain

    Time zero is the leading edge of the internally-generated pulse output waveform, or the falling edge of the externally-generated measurement trigger waveform. The HP 8510 automatically controls the time increment between samples, called the measurement resolution period, using an algorithm that depends upon the greater of the user-speci ed pulse width or stop time.
  • Page 25 Figure 4-2. Pulsed-RF S-Parameters versus Time (Pulse Profile Domain) Measurement Internal Pulse Output and Internal Measurement Trigger 4-4 Pulse Measurements Overview...

  • Page 26: Operating The Hp 8510 For Pulsed-Rf Measurements

    HP 8510 Option 008. Familiarize yourself with these capabilities before setting up measurements that use external triggering techniques. For more detailed information on the standard features of the HP 8510, refer to the HP 8510 Operating and Programming manual.

  • Page 27: System Cable Connections

    Figure 5-1. System Cable Connections 5-2 Operating the HP 8510 for Pulsed-RF Measurements...

  • Page 28: Turn On System Power

    Turn On System Power Turn on rack power, line power to the sources, test set, and other equipment, and then the HP 8510. Depending upon the contents of HP 8510 Instrument State 8 and the current HP 8510 Hardware State, the system may not be fully operational immediately after initial power up.

  • Page 29: Srce. On

    Figure 5-2. Typical Response After Recall, Inst. State 8, Frequency, Detector: WB, Mult. Srce. On Figure 5-3. Domain, Pulse Profile, Marker 5-4 Operating the HP 8510 for Pulsed-RF Measurements...

  • Page 30: Operator's Check

    9. Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN . Notice that the polarity of the MORE PULSE CONFIG PULSE OUT: LOW 4 SYSTEM 5 pulse changes. 10. Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PULSE OUT: HIGH Operating the HP 8510 for Pulsed-RF Measurements 5-5...
  • Page 31 1. Press S to view the ratioed measurement. Notice that the trace is at when the pulse is On and noisy when the pulse is O . Figure 5-5. Pulse Profile, S 11 5-6 Operating the HP 8510 for Pulsed-RF Measurements...

  • Page 32: Frequency Domain Check

    , then move the marker to various points on the trace. 4 MARKER 5 4. Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN and set the pulse width to 10 microseconds. PULSE WIDTH Figure 5-6. S 11 , Frequency Domain, Pulse Width 10 s,Trigger Delay 5 Operating the HP 8510 for Pulsed-RF Measurements 5-7...
  • Page 33 With averaging, pulse width and duty cycle settings resulting in less than about 1 millisecond PRP will not change the actual system PRP. To learn more about control of these values, refer to the General Timing Information chapter. 5-8 Operating the HP 8510 for Pulsed-RF Measurements...

  • Page 34: External Triggering Check

    You may also monitor the rear panel STOP SWEEP output with an oscillosope. Stop Sweep goes high to indicate that the HP 8510 is ready to make the measurement. Change the period of Trigger In and Pulse Modulation Input and notice the timing of the Stop Sweep. The HP 8510 Pulse Output is not active when external triggering is selected.

  • Page 36: Frequency Domain Point-In-Pulse Measurements

    Note for internal triggering, when you press the key to measure the calibration standard, the HP 8510 pulse output signal is set to the active state (RF always On) during measurement of the standard. This assures that the calibration is made with respect to the On portion of the pulse independent of the trigger delay.

  • Page 37: Set Pulse Width

    5 microseconds after time zero. Time equals zero seconds is when the HP 8510 pulse output goes to the active level turning on the pulse modulator. Use the following procedure to set the trigger delay.
  • Page 38 Figure 6-1. Amplifier Gain, Frequency Domain Point-in-Pulse The dynamic range can be increased using IF averaging, but, given the system noise oor with the wide IF bandwidth, an averaging factor of about 256 averages is the maximum value that should be used. In general, using an averaging factor greater than 256 will not result in any increase in visible dynamic range.

  • Page 40: Pulse Pro Le Domain Measurements

    Measurement Calibration for Pulse Profile After selection of the pulse pro le frequency, measurement calibration for pulse pro le measurements is accomplished in exactly the same way as for the standard HP 8510. Following are two measurement calibration methods, one for calibration in the Pulse Pro le domain, and the second for calibration using the Frequency List feature.

  • Page 41: Frequency Domain Using Frequency List

    5. Select the maximum number of points required for the measurement, then perform the appropriate measure- ment calibration. Note that the HP 8510 pulse output is set to the active state (RF always On) during measurement of the calibration standards. For external triggering, the pulse modulation is operating during the calibration, so the pulse width or time span cannot be changed after calibration.

  • Page 42: Frequency List Display During Measurement Calibration

    Figure 7-1. Frequency List Display During Measurement Calibration 4. Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PULSE PROFILE 4 DOMAIN 5 5. Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQUENCY LIST SINGLE SEGMENT 4 STIMULUS MENU 5 The last selected segment will be active. Figure 7-2. Pulse Profile, Frequency List Segment Number 1 Pulse Profile Domain Measurements 7-3...

  • Page 43: Measurement

    Again, in both of these procedures, note that when you press the key to measure the calibration standard, the HP 8510 pulse output is set to the active state (RF always On) during measurement of the standard. This ensures that the calibration data at every point is with respect to the On portion of the pulse.

  • Page 44: Set Pulse Width

    Set Measurement Time Span The HP 8510 automatically chooses the minimum possible (given the HP 8510 hardware and rmware capabilities) time between samples, and thus the measurement resolution period, depending upon the larger of the pulse width time or the stop time. This results in a minimum possible span time which depends upon the current number of points.

  • Page 45: Minimum Time Span, Resolution Period = 100 Ns

    Figure 7-4. Minimum Time Span, Resolution Period = 100 ns To measure another frequency, recall the appropriate cal set or frequency list segment, depending upon the calibration procedure used. Figure 7-5 shows the S response using the Smith chart format. The marker is showing the input impedance during the On time of the pulsed-RF stimulus.

  • Page 46: Switching Between Frequency Domain And Pulse Pro Le Domain

    Switching Between Frequency Domain and Pulse Profile Domain The domain in which the measurement calibration was performed is not part of the cal set limited instrument state. This means that, for example, a cal set created in the frequency domain could be turned on for a pulse pro le domain measurement with no message to the operator.

  • Page 48: General Timing Information

    Figure 8-1 shows the general measurement process ow of the network analyzer measurement cycle. For the frequency domain point-in-pulse measurement and the pulse pro le domain measurement, the HP 8510 measurement cycle consists of making the measurement, setting up for the next measurement, then waiting for the next trigger.

  • Page 49: Network Analyzer Measurement Cycle

    Each measurement cycle is initiated by the falling edge of the TTL signal at the rear panel external Trigger Input, or the internal 8510 logic, depending upon whether external or internal triggering is selected. At the appropriate time after the trigger, the measurement is made.

  • Page 50: Measurement Cycle Time

    30 microsecond pulse output immediately prior to the beginning of a sweep. To the operator, the IF calibration sequence will appear to occur at random times, more frequently just after the HP 8510 is turned on, then less often as the system temperature stabilizes. General Timing Information 8-3...

  • Page 51: Pulse Repetition Period And Duty Cycle Considerations

    Pulse Repetition Period and Duty Cycle Considerations From this information it can be seen that the pulse repetition period and thus the duty cycle of the pulsed-RF signal applied to the DUT can vary depending upon the instrument state. For measurements in which the PRP or duty cycle is not important, simply set the pulse width and the duty cycle controls to an appropriate value and make the measurement.

  • Page 52: External Trigger And Stop Sweep Signals

    External Trigger and Stop Sweep Signals Figure 8-3 shows the relationship between the external Trigger Input and the HP 8510 Stop Sweep output for frequency domain point-in-pulse measurements and for pulse pro le domain measurements.
  • Page 53 Stop sweep falls immediately and stays low until the HP 8510 completes the measurement cycle and is ready to accept the next trigger. The time period that stop sweep remains busy depends upon the next measurement function to be performed.

  • Page 54: Using External Triggering And Pulse Modulation

    Figure 9-1 shows a simple setup. In this example the same TTL pulse train provides the pulse modulation input to the RF source and to the HP 8510 rear panel TRIGGER IN connector. However, in your application it may be desireable to use di erent synchronized inputs to the network analyzer TRIGGER IN and to the pulse modulator.

  • Page 55: External Control Of Prp And Duty Cycle

    Figure 9-1. External Control of PRP and Duty Cycle Synchronization is assured because time equals zero seconds for each measurement cycle is de ned as the rst falling edge of the trigger input after stop sweep is ready (high). Figure 9-1b shows connection of an external pulse modulator instead of the internal modulator in the RF source.

  • Page 56: Duty Cycle = 50%

    Figure 9-2. Using External Trigger and External Modulation PRP = 10 microseconds, Duty Cycle = 50% Figure 9-2a is the pulse pro le domain response. Multiple pulses are visible because the stop time is greater than the stimulus PRP. Notice that for external triggering the minimum start time is about positive 3 measurement resolution periods with respect to the external trigger.

  • Page 58: High Power Measurements

    (and the Forward/Reverse switch) damage level is +43 dBm (20 watts) applied at PORT 1 or PORT 2 for the HP 85110A, and +47 dBm (50 watts) for the HP 85110L. High Power Measurements 10-1...

  • Page 59: Connecting External Signal Conditioning

    LOW POWER OUT connector. The maximum signal level applied at either HIGH POWER IN connector, or to either of the front panel PORT 1 and PORT 2 connectors is +43 dBm for the HP 85110A, and +47 dBm for the HP 85110L. 10-2 High Power Measurements...

  • Page 60: Example High Power Measurements

    Example High Power Measurements The best procedure for setting signal levels in the test set begins with estimating the input and output power levels of the device under test. When the test set is con gured to handle these levels, the operating device is connected and the power estimates are veri ed by measuring the user parameters.

  • Page 61: Measure An Ampli Er With High Input Levels

    20 dB of loss between it and Port 2 in order to reduce the signal level incident at Port 2 to less than +43 dBm for the HP 85110A, and +47 dBm for the HP 85110L; The ATTENUATOR PORT 2: step attenuator must be set to 30 dB in order to protect the b2 mixer;...

  • Page 62: Using The Port 1 And Port 2 Attenuators

    Using the Port 1 and Port 2 Attenuators The Port 1 and Port 2 step attenuators are used to adjust the signal level into the mixers and thus protect the mixers from excessively high signal levels. Note that the attenuators do not change the Port 1 or Port 2 signal levels.

  • Page 63: Changing Signal Path After Calibration

    The main frequency response e ects of changing the attenuators can be compensated for by using the HP 8510 trace memories and trace mathematics as follows. 1. Connect the thru used for calibration. Set the port attenuators to the value used for measurement of the device.

  • Page 64: View The Normalized Parameters

    2-Port or TRL 2-Port, provides best accuracy by providing best characterization and removal of the systematic errors in the test setup. If the device is noninsertable, the HP 8510 Adapter Removal calibration procedure can be implemented using the Full 2-Port and/or the TRL 2-Port calibration.
  • Page 65 This leads to noisy, nonrepeatable data for the other parameters, even if their measured data is representative. 2. Equipment external to the HP test set must be switched depending upon the parameter being measured.

  • Page 66: General Calibration And Measurement Sequence

    General Calibration and Measurement Sequence Specify device input/output requirements. Con gure test set for these levels, plus guardband. Connect operating device and verify levels. Adjust levels for best dynamic range. Perform measurement calibration. Measure operating device S-parameters. General Calibration and Measurement Sequence Using Display Math Specify device input/output requirements.

  • Page 68: Reference Data

    Reference Data Creating Pulse Hardware State and Instrument State Files If the HP pulsed-RF system tape is not available, create the necessary les as follows. Network Analyzer HP-IB Addresses System Bus 8510 System Bus Source #1 19 (RF) Test Set...

  • Page 69: Pulse Menus

    NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNN DEFINE SOURCE 2 MULTIPLIER NUMER. MULTIPLIER DENOM. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNN NNNNN NNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNN OFFSET FREQUENCY DONE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNN NNNNN NNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DEFINE RECEIVER CONSTANT FREQUENCY DONE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MULT. SRC. ON/SAVE M annotation appears. Other settings for pulsed-RF operation are as follows: NNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

  • Page 70: Trigger Delay

    Range: 0 s to 40.88 ms; Preset 5  s. TRIG MODE: INTERNAL Selects the internal measurement trigger (Preset). TRIG MODE: EXTERNAL Selects the falling edge of the TTL signal input at the HP 8510 rear panel TRIGGER IN as the measurement trigger. Reference Data 11-3...

  • Page 71: Hp 8510 Option 008 Added Programming Codes

    HP 8510 Option 008 Added Programming Codes Following is the list of programming codes added for Option 008. HP 8510 Option 008 Added Programming Codes Programming Code Description DETENORB; DETEWIDB; Select Precision Detector (10 kHz bandwidth) Select Wide Bandwidth Detector (1.5 MHz). Selected automatically for PULP;.

  • Page 72: Option 008 Domain, Stimulus, And System Menus

    Figure 11-1. Option 008 Domain, Stimulus, and System Menus Reference Data 11-5...

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