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Zte ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual

10 gigabit routing switch
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ZXR10 8900 Series
10 Gigabit Routing Switch
User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume)
Version 2.8.02.C
ZTE CORPORATION
ZTE Plaza, Keji Road South,
Hi-Tech Industrial Park,
Nanshan District, Shenzhen,
P. R. China
518057
Tel: (86) 755 26771900
Fax: (86) 755 26770801
URL: http://ensupport.zte.com.cn
E-mail: support@zte.com.cn

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  • Page 1 ZXR10 8900 Series 10 Gigabit Routing Switch User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Version 2.8.02.C ZTE CORPORATION ZTE Plaza, Keji Road South, Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, P. R. China 518057 Tel: (86) 755 26771900 Fax: (86) 755 26770801 URL: http://ensupport.zte.com.cn...
  • Page 2 The contents of this document are protected by copyright laws and international treaties. Any reproduction or distribution of this document or any portion of this document, in any form by any means, without the prior written consent of ZTE CORPO- RATION is prohibited.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Contents About This Manual..........i Safety Instructions..........1 Safety Introduction ............1 Safety Description ............1 Static Route Configuration ........3 Static Route Overview ............. 3 Configuring Static Route ..........3 Static Route Configuration Examples ......... 4 Static Route Basic Configuration Example ...... 4 Static Route Aggregation Configuration Example .....
  • Page 4 OSPF Network Types ..........18 Hello Packet and Timers ..........19 OSPF Neighbor ............19 Adjacency and Designated Router ........19 Router Priority and DR Election........20 OSPF Area ..............20 LSA Types and Diffusion ..........21 Stub Area and Totally Stubby Area .......22 Not-So-Stubby Area...........22 OSPF Authentication ..........23 Configuring OSPF ............23 Enabling OSPF............23 Configuring OSPF Interface Timers.......23...
  • Page 5 IS-IS Configuration Examples..........40 Single-Area IS-IS Configuration Example ......40 Multi-Area IS-IS Configuration Example ......41 IS-IS Maintenance and Diagnosis........44 BGP Configuration ........... 45 BGP Overview ...............45 Configuring BGP ............46 Enabling BGP ............46 Configuring BGP Route Advertisement ......47 Configuring BGP Route Aggregation ......49 Configuring EBGP Multi-Hop ........50 Filtering Routes through Route Map......51 Filtering Routes through NLRI........51...
  • Page 6 Configuring IGMP Version ...........76 Configuring IGMP Group on Interface ......76 Configuring IGMP Timers ..........77 Configuring Static IP Multicast .........78 Configuring PIM-SM ............79 Enabling PIM-SM ............79 Configuring Static RP ..........80 Configuring Candidate BSR .........80 Configuring Candidate RP ...........81 Applying Static RP for the same RP Priorities ....81 Switching over to Source Shortest Path Tree ....82 Filtering Received Register Messages......82 Filtering Candidate RP ..........82...
  • Page 7 Configuring BGP FRR..........102 Configuring LDP FRR ..........103 IP/LDP FRR Configuration Example......... 103 OSPF FRR Configuration Example....... 103 IS-IS FRR Configuration Example....... 104 BGP FRR Configuration Example ........ 104 LDP FRR Configuration Example......... 105 IP/LDP FRR Maintenance and Diagnosis ......106 BFD Configuration .........

  • Page 9: About This Manual

    About This Manual This manual provides procedures and guidelines that support the Purpose operation of ZXR10 8900 Series (V2.8.02.C) 10 Gigabit Routing Switch. This manual is intended for engineers and technicians who perform Intended Audience operation activities on ZXR10 8900 Series (V2.8.02.C) 10 Gigabit Routing Switch.
  • Page 10 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) � ZXR10 8900 Series (V2.8.02.C) 10 Gigabit Routing Switch User Manual (Ethernet Switching Volume) � ZXR10 8900 Series (V2.8.02.C) 10 Gigabit Routing Switch User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) � ZXR10 8900 Series (V2.8.02.C) 10 Gigabit Routing Switch User Manual (MPLS Volume) �...

  • Page 11: Safety Instructions

    Safety precautions introduced in this manual are supplementary to the local safety codes. � ZTE bears no responsibility in case of universal safety oper- ation requirements violation and safety standards violation in designing, manufacturing and equipment usage. Safety Description Contents deserving special attention during configuration of ZXR10 8900 series switch are explained in the following table.
  • Page 12 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) This page is intentionally blank. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 13: Static Route Configuration

    Configuring Static Route To configure static route, use the following command. Command Function ip route {{<prefix of destination IP This configures static route ZXR10(config)# address><network mask>{<next hop address>|<interface >}[<distance metric>][global][tag <tag value>]}| vrf} Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 14: Static Route Configuration Examples

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Static Route Configuration Examples Static Route Basic Configuration Example A simple network with three routers connected is shown in Figure IGURE TATIC OUTE ONFIGURATION When R1 needs to access network in R3, the static route configu- ration is shown below.

  • Page 15: Static Route Aggregation Configuration Example

    10.0.0.0/8 pass 192.168.4.2, that is to say, all messages of subnets (here refer to subnet 10.1.0.0/16 and 10.2.0.0/16) with the destination of 10.0.0.0/8 transmit to 192.168.4.2. Summarize all subnets of main network 10.0.0.0/8 by this means. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 16: Default Route Configuration Example

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Default Route Configuration Example Default route is a type of special static route. Default route will be applied when all other routes in the routing table failed, which provides a last destination for the routing table, thus relieving the processing load of the router.

  • Page 17: Static Route Maintenance And Diagnosis

    Command Function show ip route [<ip-address>[<net-mask>]|<prot This views global routing table ZXR10# ocol>] of router and views whether static route is configured in routing table Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...
  • Page 18 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) This page is intentionally blank. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 19: Rip Configuration

    Default administrative distance value of RIP is 120. As far as concerned, the lower is the value; the higher is the routing source Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 20: Rip Timers

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) reliability. Comparing with other routing protocol, RIP is not quite reliable. RIP Timers Router running RIP transmits update message of routing informa- tion at a certain interval (30s by default), which reflects all the routing information of the router.

  • Page 21: Adjusting Rip Timer

    To configure authentication, perform the following steps. Step Command Function This enters VLAN Layer 3 interface vlan <vlan-id> ZXR10(config)# interface configuration mode ip rip authentication mode {text | This configures authentication ZXR10(config-if)# md5} type Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 22: Configuring Split Horizon And Poison Reverse

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Step Command Function ip rip authentication key <key> This specifies the password ZXR10(config-if)# value for interface simple text authentication ip rip authentication key-chain This specifies the password ZXR10(config-if)# <key-chain> value for interface MD5...

  • Page 23: Configuring Rip Interface Mode

    {1|2 This configures RIP version ZXR10(config-if)# {broadcast | multicast}} that is transmitted at interface RIP Configuration Example As shown in Figure 4, R1 and R2 run RIP. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 24: Rip Maintenance And Diagnosis

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) 4 RIP C IGURE ONFIGURATION XAMPLE Configuration on R1: ZXR10_R1(config)#router rip ZXR10_R1(config-router)#network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255 ZXR10_R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 Configuration on R2: ZXR10_R2(config)#router rip ZXR10_R2(config-router)#network 10.2.0.0 0.0.255.255 ZXR10_R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 RIP Maintenance and Diagnosis To configure RIP maintenance and diagnosis, perform the following steps.
  • Page 25 11:01:28: RIP: sending v2 periodic update to 193.1.168.86 via vlan20 (193.1.168.111) 11:01:28: RIP: sending v2 periodic update to 193.1.168.77 via vlan20 (193.1.168.111) 11:01:28: RIP: sending v2 periodic update to 193.1.168.68 via vlan20 (193.1.168.111) Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...
  • Page 26 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) This page is intentionally blank. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 27: Ospf Configuration

    OSPF is an open standard, which makes devices of different vendors interconnect with each other through protocol. OSPF version 1 is defined in RFC1131. Currently used OSPF ver- sion 2 is defined in RFC2328. ZXR10 8900 series switch completely supports OSPF version 2. OSPF has the following characteristics: �...

  • Page 28: Ospf Algorithm

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) OSPF Algorithm As OSPF is a link state protocol. OSPF router generates the routing table by setting up a link state database which contains the infor- mation of all networks and routers. Routers use this information to establish routing tables.

  • Page 29: Hello Packet And Timers

    Point-to-point network and virtual link have only two routers, so the routers become adjacent automatically. Point-to-multipoint network can be considered to be the aggregation of point-to-point network, every pair of routers become adjacent. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 30: Router Priority And Dr Election

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Neighbors do not necessarily have the adjacency relationship on broadcast and NBMA networks. If all n routers on a network have set up the adjacency relationship, each router has (n-1) adjacency relationships and there are n (n-1)/2 adjacency relationships on the network.

  • Page 31: Lsa Types And Diffusion

    LSA is the way of exchanging information for link state database between OSPF routers; the router uses LSA to construct a pre- cise and complete network view, and generates routes used in the routing table. ZXR10 8900 series switch supports 6 types of LSA. They are respectively: �...

  • Page 32: Stub Area And Totally Stubby Area

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Update (LSU) messages. Several LSAs can be contained in one LSU. When the router receives a LSU, it separates the messages from LSA and inputs them into its own database rather than simply transmit the message.

  • Page 33: Ospf Authentication

    Although in most cases, it is not necessary to modify the default value of the timer, sometimes, adjusting timer can improve the protocol performance. To configure OSPF interface timers, perform the following steps. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 34: Configuring Ospf Interface Cost

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Step Command Function interface vlan <vlan-id> This enters VLAN Layer 3 ZXR10(config)# interface configuration mode ip ospf hello-interval <seconds> This configures Hello message ZXR10(config-if)# transmission interval ip ospf retransmit-interval This configures LSA ZXR10(config-if)# <seconds>...

  • Page 35: Configuring Ospf Neighbor

    The route aggregation can save backbone resources. It is implemented by advertising a group of network addresses to be an aggregation address. To configure inter-area route aggregation, perform the following steps. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 36: Configuring Default Route Advertisement

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Step Command Function router ospf <process-id>[vrf This enables OSPF process ZXR10(config)# <vrf-name>] area <area-id> range This configures the summary ZXR10(config-router)# <ip-address><net-mask>[advertise|not-advertise] address range in the area Configuring Default Route Advertisement Configure an ASBR to advertise a default route to the entire OSPF area.

  • Page 37: Configuring Route Redistribution

    OSPF area exit This exits OSPF route ZXR10(config-router)# configuration mode interface vlan <vlan-id> This enters VLAN Layer 3 ZXR10(config)# interface configuration mode ip ospf authentication This sets authentication type ZXR10(config-if)# [null|message-digest] of interface Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 38: Configuring Routes To Support Opaque Lsa

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Step Command Function ip ospf authentication-key This sets key for the interface ZXR10(config-if)# <password> with the type of simple text authentication ip ospf message-digest-key <key This sets key for the ZXR10(config-if)# id> md5 <password>[encrypt][delay <time>]...

  • Page 39: Ospf Configuration Examples

    <distance>][ext1 <distance>][ext2 <distance>]} administrative distance Note: ZXR10 8900 series switch defines three types of administrative distances of OSPF routes: internal route, type 1 external route and type 2 external routes. By default, administrative distances of the three types of routes are 110.

  • Page 40: Multi-Area Ospf Configuration Example

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Multi-Area OSPF Configuration Example A multi-area OSPF network topology is in Figure OSPF C IGURE ULTI ONFIGURATION XAMPLE Area 1 is an NSSA area. R1 is an ABR working between NSSA area 1 and backbone area.

  • Page 41: Ospf Virtual Link Configuration Example

    ZXR10_R5(config)#interface vlan1 ZXR10_R5(config-if)#ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.252 ZXR10_R5(config-if)#exit ZXR10_R5(config)#router ospf 1 ZXR10_R5(config-router)#network 10.0.2.0 0.0.0.3 area 2 ZXR10_R5(config-router)#area 2 stub OSPF Virtual Link Configuration Example Figure 8 presents an example of configuring OSPF virtual link. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...
  • Page 42 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) 8 OSPF V IGURE IRTUAL ONFIGURATION XAMPLE Configuration on R1: ZXR10_R1(config)#interface vlan1 ZXR10_R1(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R1(config-if)#exit ZXR10_R1(config)#router ospf 1 ZXR10_R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 Configuration on R2: ZXR10_R2(config)#interface vlan1 ZXR10_R2(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0...

  • Page 43: Ospf Authentication Configuration Example

    ZXR10_R2(config-router)#area 0 authentication ZXR10_R2(config-router)#area 1 authentication message-digest Configuration on R3: ZXR10_R3(config)#interface vlan1 ZXR10_R3(config-if)#ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.252 ZXR10_R3(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 ZXR10 ZXR10_R3(config-if)#exit ZXR10_R3(config)#router ospf 1 ZXR10_R3(config-router)#network 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 1 ZXR10_R3(config-router)#area 1 authentication message-digest Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 44: Ospf Maintenance And Diagnosis

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) OSPF Maintenance and Diagnosis To configure OSPF maintenance and diagnosis, perform the follow- ing steps. Step Command Function show ip ospf [<process-id>] This views the detailed ZXR10# information of OSPF process show ip ospf interface [<interface-name>][pr...

  • Page 45: Is-Is Configuration

    SNP and asks for necessary LSPs from other routers on the net- work. LSPs are used in conjunction with SNPs so that IS-IS pro- tocol can complete reliable route interaction on a large network. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 46: Is-Is Area

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) IS-IS protocol also uses the Dijkstra SPF algorithm to calculate routes. Based on the link state database, IS-IS protocol uses the SPF algorithm to calculate the best route and then adds the route to the IP routing table.

  • Page 47: Dis And Router Priority

    <system-id>[range This configures system ID ZXR10(config-router)# <range-number>] exit This exits IS-IS route ZXR10(config-router)# configuration mode interface <interface-name> This enters interface ZXR10(config)# configuration mode ip router isis This specifies interface to run ZXR10(config-if)# IS-IS Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 48: Configuring Is-Is Global Parameters

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Note: In IS-IS route configuration mode, it is required to define an area that the router belongs to. It is also required to define a system ID. System ID identifies the router in the area. It is indicated with the interface MAC address of the router.

  • Page 49: Configuring Is-Is Interface Parameters

    3600. For step 10, PSNP is usually applied in point-to-point network. The parameter is used to set the transmission interval between two PSNPs, with default value of 3. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 50: Configuring Is-Is Authentication

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Configuring IS-IS Authentication 1. Setting Interface Authentication Step Command Function isis authentication <key>[level This sets authentication key. ZXR10(config-if)# -1|level-2] isis authentication-type {MD5 | This sets interface ZXR10(config-if)# TEXT}[level-1 | level-2] authentication mode: MD5 authentication or simple password authentication.

  • Page 51: Multi-Area Is-Is Configuration Example

    Partition of area reduces memory requirement. It makes the router in an area maintain relatively smaller link state database. Figure 12 is an example of configuring multi-area IS-IS. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 52: Figure 12 Multi-Area Is-Is Configuration Example

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) 12 M IS-IS C IGURE ULTI ONFIGURATION XAMPLE R1 belongs to area 1. R2, R3 and R4 belong to area 0. R5 and R6 belong to area 3. On R1, perform route aggregation to network segment in area 1.
  • Page 53 ZXR10_R5(config-router)#system-id 00D0.D0CF.53E0 ZXR10_R5(config-router)#is-type LEVEL-1-2 ZXR10_R5(config-router)#exit ZXR10_R5(config)#interface vlan4 ZXR10_R5(config-if)#ip address 192.168.16.5 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R5(config-if)#ip router isis ZXR10_R5(config-if)#isis circuit-type LEVEL-2 ZXR10_R5(config-router)#exit ZXR10_R5(config)#interface vlan6 ZXR10_R5(config-if)#ip address 192.168.13.5 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R5(config-if)#ip router isis ZXR10_R5(config-if)#isis circuit-type LEVEL-1 ZXR10_R5(config-if)#exit Configuration on R6: Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 54: Is-Is Maintenance And Diagnosis

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) ZXR10_R6(config)#router isis ZXR10_R6(config-router)#area 02 ZXR10_R6(config-router)#system-id 00D0.0ECD.53E0 ZXR10_R6(config-router)#is-type LEVEL-1 ZXR10_R6(config-router)#exit ZXR10_R6(config)#interface vlan4 ZXR10_R6(config-if)#ip address 192.168.13.6 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R6(config-if)#ip router isis ZXR10_R6(config-if)#isis circuit-type LEVEL-1 ZXR10_R6(config-router)#exit ZXR10_R6(config)#interface vlan8 ZXR10_R6(config-if)#ip address 192.168.14.1 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R6(config-if)#exit ZXR10_R6(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.14.10...

  • Page 55: Bgp Configuration

    When a router sends a BGP update packet regarding to the desti- nation network to its peer, the packet contains BGP metric, which is called path attribute. The path attributes include four types: Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 56: Configuring Bgp

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) 1. Well-Known Mandatory Attributes: The attributes must be present in route description. AS-path � Next-hop � Origin � 2. Well-Known Discretionary Attributes: The attributes can be ab- sent from route description. Local preference �...

  • Page 57: Configuring Bgp Route Advertisement

    Command in step 2 is used to advertise the networks known by the local router. Known networks include the networks that can be learnt by direct connections, static routes and dynamic routes. To redistribute routes, perform the following steps. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 58: Figure 14 Bgp Route Advertisement Configuration

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Step Command Function router bgp <as-number> This starts BGP process ZXR10(config)# redistribute <protocol>[metric This Redistributes the routes ZXR10(config-router)# <metric-value>][route-map <map-tag>] obtained by other routing protocols into the BGP routing table Note: Command in step 2 is used to redistribute routes learnt by IGP protocols (RIP, OSPF, IS-IS) into BGP.

  • Page 59: Configuring Bgp Route Aggregation

    ZXR10_R1(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R1(config)#router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1(config-router)#network 170.20.0.0 255.255.0.0 ZXR10_R1(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.1 remote-as 300 Configuration on R2: ZXR10_R2(config)#interface vlan1 ZXR10_R2(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R2(config)#router bgp 200 ZXR10_R2(config-router)#network 170.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 ZXR10_R2(config-router)#neighbor 3.3.3.1 remote-as 300 Configuration on R3: Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 60: Configuring Ebgp Multi-Hop

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) ZXR10_R3(config)#interface vlan1 ZXR10_R3(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R3(config)#interface vlan2 ZXR10_R3(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.1 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R3(config)#interface vlan3 ZXR10_R3(config-if)#ip address 4.4.4.1 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R3(config)#router bgp 300 ZXR10_R3(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 100 ZXR10_R3(config-router)#neighbor 3.3.3.3 remote-as 200 ZXR10_R3(config-router)#neighbor 4.4.4.4 remote-as 400 ZXR10_R3(config-router)#aggregate-address 170.0.0.0...

  • Page 61: Filtering Routes Through Route Map

    A filter contains an update list from or to a neighbor router. As shown in Figure 17, R1 and R2 are mutually IBGP peers, R1 and Example R3 are mutually EBGP peers, and R4 and R2 are mutually EBGP peers. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 62: Filtering Routes Through As_Path Attribute

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) 17 F NLRI IGURE ILTERING OUTES THROUGH To prevent AS100 from playing the role of a transitional AS, the network 192.18.10.0/24 from AS300 can be advertised to AS200. R1 is configured with filtering function as follows:...

  • Page 63: Configuring Local_Pref Attribute

    When two IBGP routers in an AS have learnt a route with the same destination from the outside, LOCAL_PREF attribute values are compared. The route with the higher value is preferred. To configure LOCAL_PREF attribute, perform the following steps. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 64: Figure 19 Local_Pref Attribute Configuration

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Step Command Function router bgp <as-number> This starts BGP process ZXR10(config)# bgp default local-preference This configures LOCAL_PREF ZXR10(config-router)# <value> attribute Note: The default value of LOCAL_PREF attribute is 100. As shown in Figure 19, R3 and R4 have learnt route to 170.10.0.0...

  • Page 65: Configuring Med Attribute

    R3 is lower than that of R4, so R1 takes update packet from R3. 20 MED A IGURE TTRIBUTE ONFIGURATION Configuration on R1: ZXR10_R1(config)#router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.1 remote-as 300 ZXR10_R1(config-router)#neighbor 3.3.3.2 remote-as 400 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 66: Configuring Community String Attribute

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) ZXR10_R1(config-router)#neighbor 4.4.4.1 remote-as 400 ..Configuration on R3: ZXR10_R3(config)#router bgp 300 ZXR10_R3(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 100 ZXR10_R3(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 route-map setmetricout out ZXR10_R3(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 send-med ZXR10_R3(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.2 remote-as 400 ZXR10_R3(config)#route-map setmetricout permit 10 ZXR10_R3(config-route-map)#set metric 120...

  • Page 67: Configuring Bgp Synchronization

    ZXR10_R1(config-route-map)#set community no-export ZXR10_R1(config)#route-map setcommunity permit 20 ZXR10_R1(config)#acl standard number 1 ZXR10_R1(config-std-acl)#rule 1 permit 192.166.1.0 0.0.0.255 Configuring BGP Synchronization As shown in Figure 21, R1 and R2 run BGP. R1, R2 and R5 run OSPF. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 68: Figure 21 Configuring Bgp Synchronization

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) 21 C BGP S IGURE ONFIGURING YNCHRONIZATION R1 learns a route to 170.10.0.0 from AS 300. It advertises this route to R2 through IBGP connection. Principle of BGP synchronization is: when a router advertises a...

  • Page 69: Configuring Bgp Route Reflector

    R3 and R4 are two route reflectors in AS100. The clients of R4 are Example R5 and R6. The clients of R3 are R1 and R2. Network topology is shown in Figure Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 70: Configuring Bgp Confederation

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) 22 BGP R IGURE OUTE EFLECTOR Configuration on R3: ZXR10_R3(config)#router bgp 100 ZXR10_R3(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 100 ZXR10_R3(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 route-reflector-client ZXR10_R3(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 100 ZXR10_R3(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.1 route-reflector-client ZXR10_R3(config-router)#neighbor 7.7.7.7 remote-as 100 ZXR10_R3(config-router)#neighbor 4.4.4.4 remote-as 100...

  • Page 71: Figure 23 Bgp Confederation

    EBGP neigh- bor relation is also established with AS100. The confederation is non-existent to AS100, so AS100 still establishes neighbor relation with R3 as AS200. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 72: Configuring Bgp Route Dampening

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Configuration on R1: ZXR10_R1(config)#router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.1 remote-as 200 Configuring BGP Route Dampening BGP providesroute dampening mechanism to minimize the insta- bility due to route flapping. A route is assigned a penalty of 1000 per flap. When the penalty reaches a suppress-limit, the router stops advertising the route.

  • Page 73: Figure 24 Bgp Configuration Example

    ZXR10_R2(config-router)#neighbor 183.16.20.2 remote-as 3 ZXR10_R2(config-router)#neighbor 183.16.20.2 ebgp-multihop 2 ZXR10_R2(config-router)#neighbor 183.16.20.2 route-map torouter5 in ZXR10_R2(config)#acl standard number 1 ZXR10_R2(config-std-acl)#rule 1 permit 155.16.10.0 0.0.0.255 ZXR10_R2(config)#route-map torouter5 deny 10 ZXR10_R2(config-route-map)#match ip address 1 ZXR10_R2(config)#route-map torouter5 permit 20 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 74: Bgp Maintenance And Diagnosis

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Configuration on R5: ZXR10_R5(config)#ip route 173.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 gei_1/1 ZXR10_R5(config)#route bgp 3 ZXR10_R5(config-router)#neighbor 173.16.20.2 remote-as 1 ZXR10_R5(config-router)#neighbor 173.16.20.2 ebgp-multihop 2 BGP Maintenance and Diagnosis To configure BGP maintenance and diagnosis, perform the follow- ing steps.

  • Page 75: Load Sharing Configuration

    ZXR10 8900 series switch adopts route-based load sharing to in- stall multiple reachable route entries for a destination address in the forwarding table through configuring static route, routing pro- tocol and number of hops, thus laying foundation for load sharing implementation.

  • Page 76: Configuring Load Sharing

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Configuring Load Sharing To configure load sharing, perform the following steps. Step Command Function maximum-paths <number> This configures maximum ZXR10(config-router)# number of paths allowed in load sharing. ip route [vrf <vrf-name>]<prefix><ne This configures load sharing ZXR10(config)# t-mask>{<forwarding-router’s-address>|<interface-n...
  • Page 77 102.1.1.1 1 tag 152 ZXR10_R2(config)#ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 101.1.1.1 1 tag 151 Seven links between R1 and R2 implement load sharing and over these links, the user PC1 and the user PC2 can access each other. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 78: Load Sharing Through Ospf

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Load Sharing through OSPF For the topology shown in the above example, configuration of load sharing through OSPF is shown below. Configuration on R1: ZXR10_R1(config)#router ospf 100 ZXR10_R1(config-router)#network 101.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0.0.0.0 ZXR10_R1(config-router)#network 102.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0.0.0.0...
  • Page 79 107.1.1.1 vlan7 ospf 20.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 106.1.1.1 vlan6 ospf 20.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 105.1.1.1 vlan5 ospf 20.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 104.1.1.1 vlan4 ospf 20.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 103.1.1.1 vlan3 ospf 20.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 102.1.1.1 vlan2 ospf 20.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 101.1.1.1 vlan1 ospf Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...
  • Page 80 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) This page is intentionally blank. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 81: Multicast Route Configuration

    MRPs are used to exchange information and establish multicast tree among routers. MRPs include Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) and Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP). ZXR10 8900 series switch supports the following protocols: � Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) �...

  • Page 82: Igmp

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) ticast source. The multiple receivers of the same packet are identified by using a single ID, which is called multicast group address. In IP address allocation scenario, addresses of Class-D (224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255) are multicast group addresses.

  • Page 83: Pim-Sm

    A router can obtain the location of the RP by three methods. � Configure RPs manually and statically on various routers run- ning the PIM-SM. � PIM-SM V1 obtains such locations through automatic RPs dy- namically. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 84: Msdp

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) � PIM-SM V2 obtains such locations through the candidate-RP notification. The candidate-RPs with higher priority will be- come formal RPs. PIM-SM V2 manually configures some routers running PIM-SM as candidate-BSRs (BootStrap Router), and selects the candidate- BSR with the highest priority as the formal BSR.

  • Page 85: Enabling Ip Multicast

    To disable IP multicast, use no ip multicast-routing command. Enabling IP Multicast Load Sharing Command Function ip multicast-loading This enables IP multicast load ZXR10(config)# sharing function. To disable IP multicast load sharing function, execute command no ip multicast-loading. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 86: Configuring Igmp

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Configuring IGMP Configuring IGMP Version IGMP versions include V1 and V2. Default value is V2, which can be changed according to requirement. In view of security require- ments, the routes require all the network elements in the same network to use IGMP V1 or IGMP V2 simultaneously.

  • Page 87: Configuring Igmp Timers

    To configure IGMP timers, perform the following steps. Step Command Function ip igmp query-interval <seconds> This configures IGMP query ZXR10(config-if)# interval ip igmp querier-timeout This configures IGMP query ZXR10(config-if)# <seconds> router timeout Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 88: Configuring Static Ip Multicast

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Step Command Function ip igmp query-max-response-t This configures the max ZXR10(config-if)# ime <seconds> response time contained in the query message sent by IGMP ip igmp last-member-query-inter This configures IGMP specific ZXR10(config-if)# val <seconds>...

  • Page 89: Configuring Pim-Sm

    To enable PIM-SM, perform the following steps. Step Command Function router pimsm This enables PIM-SM process ZXR10(config)# globally interface <interface-name> This enters interface ZXR10(config)# configuration mode ip pim sm This adds an interface that ZXR10(config-if)# runs PIM-SM Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 90: Configuring Static Rp

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Configuring Static RP A static RP can be configured for one or more specific groups, and the same static RP should be configured for the group on all PIM-SM multicast routers in the multicast domain. RP addresses should be reachable from other routers.

  • Page 91: Configuring Candidate Rp

    IP addresses. Step Command Function router pimsm This enters PIM-SM ZXR10(config)# configuration mode. static-rp override This configures static rp ZXR10(config-router)# override function. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 92: Switching Over To Source Shortest Path Tree

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Switching over to Source Shortest Path Tree Only the last-hop DR and RP can switch over to the source short- est path tree. By default, switchover begins when RP has received the first Register message. For the last-hop DR, the switchover threshold policy can be configured with single uni-cast group as the granularity of control.

  • Page 93: Configuring Pim Domain Border

    Join/Prune messages to upstream routers. To configure DR priority, perform the following steps. Step Command Function interface vlan<vlan-id> This enters interface ZXR10(config)# configuration mode ip pim dr-priority <priority> This configures DR priority ZXR10(config-if)# Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 94: Ignoring Dr Election

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Ignoring DR Election DR election is necessary on a shared network. When a DR is the first hop, it implements source registration. When a DR is the last hop, that is, the receiver, it implements joining of multicast group.

  • Page 95: Limiting Pim-Sm Neighbors

    ZXR10(config)#acl basic number 10 ZXR10(config-basic-acl)#rule 1 deny 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 ZXR10(config-basic-acl)#rule 2 permit any ZXR10(config)#interface vlan 1 ZXR10(config-if)#ip pim neighbor-filter 10 Configuring MSDP Enabling MSDP To configure an MSDP peer and enable MSDP, use the following command. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 96: Configuring Default Msdp Peer

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Command Function ip msdp peer <peer-address> This configures an MSDP peer ZXR10(config)# connect-source <interface-name> and enables MSDP Configuring Default MSDP Peer To configure default MSDP peer, use the following command. Command Function ip msdp default-peer <peer-address>[list...

  • Page 97: Limiting The Number Of Sa Messages

    MSDP Clearing TCP Connection To clear TCP connections established with MSDP peers, use the following command. Command Function clear ip msdp peer [<peer-address>] This clears TCP connections ZXR10# established with MSDP peers Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 98: Clearing Entries In Msdp Sa Cache

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Note: This command shuts down TCP connections to MSDP peers and resets all statistics of MSDP peers. Clearing Entries in MSDP SA Cache To clear entries in MSDP SA cache, use the following command.

  • Page 99: Figure 27 Ip Multicast Configuration Example

    ZXR10_R2(config-router)# exit ZXR10_R2(config)#interface vlan1 ZXR10_R2(config-if)#ip address 10.10.20.2 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R2(config-if)#ip pim sm ZXR10_R2(config-if)#exit ZXR10_R2(config)#interface vlan2 ZXR10_R2(config-if)#ip address 10.10.40.1 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R2(config-if)#ip pim sm ZXR10_R2(config-if)#exit ZXR10_R2(config)#interface vlan3 ZXR10_R2(config-if)#ip address 10.10.50.1 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R2(config-if)#ip igmp access-group 10 ZXR10_R2(config-if)#exit Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 100: Ip Multicast Maintenance And Diagnosis

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) ZXR10_R2(config)#router ospf 1 ZXR10_R2(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0.0.0.0 ZXR10_R2(config-router)#exit ZXR10_R2(config)#access-list 10 permit any Configuration on R3: ZXR10_R3(config)#interface loopback1 ZXR10_R3(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.3 255.255.255.255 ZXR10_R3(config-if)#exit ZXR10_R3(config)#ip multicast-routing ZXR10_R3(config)#router pimsm ZXR10_R3(config-router)#rp-candidate loopback1 priority 30 ZXR10_R3(config-router)#bsr-candidate loopback1 10 30...
  • Page 101 L2bitmap:0x0000000000000000 L3bitmap:0x0000000000000000 (100.1.1.100, 229.3.3.16), Flags:, HitFlag:0, Incoming interface: vlan4 19/3, LastSrcIp: 0.0.0.0 Outgoing vlan interface list: NULL L2bitmap:0x4000000000000008 L3bitmap:0x0000000000000000 To configure IGMP maintenance and diagnosis, perform the follow- IGMP Maintenance and Diagnosis ing steps. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...
  • Page 102 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Step Command Function show ip igmp interface [<interface-name>] This displays IGMP ZXR10# configuration information on interface This displays IGMP group show ip igmp groups [<interface-name>] ZXR10# joining information on an interface Note: IGMP configuration information includes current IGMP version, query router ID, query time interval and max response time.
  • Page 103 This displays MSDP peer state ZXR10# This example shows how to view statistics information of SA mes- Example sages. ZXR10#show ip msdp count SA State per Peer Counters, <Peer>: <# SA learned> 101.1.1.1: 2 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...
  • Page 104 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) 102.2.2.2: 20 103.3.3.3: 10 Total entries: 32 This example shows how to view detailed information of MSDP peers. ZXR10#show ip msdp peer MSDP Peer 11.1.1.1 Description: Connection status: State: Down, Resets: 0, Connection source: vlan4 (4.4.4.4)

  • Page 105: Policy Routing Backup Configuration

    Configuring Policy Routing Backup To implement policy routing backup function, configure redirect Short Description function, which can specify multiple next hops. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 106: Policy Routing Backup Maintenance And Diagnosis

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Command Function redirect in {<acl-no>|<acl-name>} rule-id This configures redirect function ZXR10(config)# <rule-no>{cpu | interface <port-name>|{[next-hop1 in global configuration mode <ip-addr><0-7>],[next-hop2 <ip-addr><0-7 and the number of configured >],[next-hop3 <ip-addr><0-7>],[next-hop4 next hops is 8 at most.
  • Page 107 This is ACL number, ranging from 1 to 349 and from 1000 to 3499. acl-name This is ACL name. rule-id This is the number of ACL rule, ranging from 1 to 1000 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...
  • Page 108 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) This page is intentionally blank. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 109: Ip/Ldp Frr Configuration

    1. The Time is to discovery unavailable node and link. The exam- ine time is 10-odd milliseconds for unavailable physical link. The examine time is tens seconds for unavailable hello hold- time in protocol layer. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...
  • Page 110 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) 2. The time is to notice the unavailable event to router’s controller layer. It costs several milliseconds to 10-odd milliseconds. 3. The time is to take the corresponding responses to the un- available node and link.

  • Page 111: Configuring Ip/Ldp Frr

    4. To configure a backup interface, use the following command. Command Function ip ospf fast-reroute backup-interface This configures a backup ZXR10(config-if)# <interface-name> interface To cancel a backup interface, use no ip ospf fast-reroute command. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 112: Configuring Is-Is Frr

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Configuring IS-IS FRR To configure IS-IS FRR, perform the following steps. 1. To enter IS-IS configuration mode, use the following command. Command Function router isis This enters IS-IS configuration ZXR10(config)# mode 2. To enable FRR function, use the following command.

  • Page 113: Configuring Ldp Frr

    ZXR10_R1(config-if)#ip ospf cost 2 ZXR10_R1(config-if)#exit ZXR10_R1(config)#router ospf 1 ZXR10_R1(config-router)#network 192.168.15.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 ZXR10_R1(config-router)#network 192.168.100.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 ZXR10_R1(config-router)#fast-reroute alternate-protect-type default R2 configuration: ZXR10_R2(config)#interface fei_2/4 ZXR10_R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.15.2 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R2(config-if)#exit ZXR10_R2(config)#interface fei_2/6 ZXR10_R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.100.2 255.255.255.0 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 114: Is-Is Frr Configuration Example

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) ZXR10_R2(config-if)#exit ZXR10_R2(config)#router ospf 2 ZXR10_R2(config-router)#network 192.168.15.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 ZXR10_R2(config-router)#network 192.168.100.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 ZXR10_R2(config-router)#exit IS-IS FRR Configuration Example This example describes how to configure IS-IS FRR. As shown in Figure 29, R1 and R2 run IS-IS protocol, FRR function is enabled on R1.

  • Page 115: Ldp Frr Configuration Example

    FRR. Network topology is shown in Figure 31 LDP FRR C IGURE ONFIGURATION XAMPLE R1 configuration: ZXR10_R1(config)#mpls ip ZXR10_R1(config)#interface Loopback1 ZXR10_R1(config-if)#ip address 10.10.1.1 255.255.255.255 ZXR10_R1(config-if)#exit ZXR10_R1(config)#interface fei_1/1 ZXR10_R1(config-if)#ip address 10.10.12.1 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R1(config-if)#mpls ip Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 116: Ip/Ldp Frr Maintenance And Diagnosis

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) ZXR10_R1(config)#interface fei_1/2 ZXR10_R1(config-if)#ip address 10.10.23.1 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R1(config-if)#mpls ip ZXR10_R1(config-if)#ip ospf cost 20 ZXR10_R1(config-if)#exit ZXR10_R1(config)#router ospf 1 ZXR10_R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 ZXR10_R1(config-router)#fast-reroute alternate-protect-type default R2 configuration: ZXR10_R2(config)#mpls ip ZXR10_R2(config)#interface Loopback1 ZXR10_R2(config-if)#ip address 10.10.2.2 255.255.255.255...

  • Page 117: Bfd Configuration

    For some special cases, router can negotiate to stop sending BFD packet periodically, which decreases the load. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 118: Configuring Bfd

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) Configuring BFD To configure BFD, perform the following steps. 1. To configure basic BFD parameters, use the following com- mand. Command Function bfd interval <milliseconds> min_rx This configures basic BFD ZXR10(config-if)# <milliseconds> multiplier <multiplier-value>...

  • Page 119: Bfd Configuration Example

    State 100.1.1.1 100.1.1.2 fei_1/1 R1(config)#show bfd neighbor detail Registered protocols: RSVP LSP R2 configuration: R2(config)#mpls traffic-eng tunnels R2(config)#interface fei_1/1 R2(config-if)#ip address 100.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config)#interface loopback1 R2(config-if)#ip address 100.0.0.2 255.255.255.255 R2(config)#router ospf 1 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 120: Bfd Maintenance And Diagnosis

    ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) R2(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 1 R2(config-router)#mpls traffic router-id loopback1 R2(config-router)#mpls traffic area 1 BFD Maintenance and Diagnosis To configure BFD maintenance and diagnosis, perform the follow- ing steps. 1. To display BFD session information, use the following com- mand.

  • Page 121: Figures

    Figure 28 OSPF FRR Configuration Example......103 Figure 29 IS-IS FRR Configuration Example......104 Figure 30 BGP FRR Configuration Example ......105 Figure 31 LDP FRR Configuration Example......105 Figure 32 BFD Configuration Example......... 109 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...
  • Page 122 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) This page is intentionally blank. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 123: Tables

    Tables Table 1 CHAPTER SUMMARY ..........i Table 3 OSPF Authentication ..........23 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...
  • Page 124 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) This page is intentionally blank. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...

  • Page 125: List Of Glossary

    OSI - Open Systems Interconnection OSPF - Open Shortest Path First PDU - Protocol Data Unit PIM-SM - Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode RFC - Request For Comments RIP - Routing Information Protocol Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION...
  • Page 126 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual (IPv4 Routing Volume) RP - Rendezvous Point RPF - Reverse Path Forwarding RR - Router Reflector SNP - Sequence Num PDU SPF - Shortest Path First TCP - Transmission Control Protocol UDP - User Datagram Protocol...

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