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Principle of Liquid Crystal
3-2 Operation of Alignment Film
Liquid crystal is inserted into alignment films of an upper and lower plate that have the direction of
grooves shifted by 90º on the LCD display. The liquid crystal molecules of upper alignment plate are
arranged along with the upper alignment film. The liquid crystal molecules of lower alignment plate are
arranged along with the lower alignment film. The liquid crystal layer between these alignment films is
twisted little by little and is arranged so that a spiral is formed. Light entering through the first alignment
plate will have its oscillating direction twisted 90º by the liquid crystal layer between the alignment films.
Now the direction of oscillation is aligned with the second alignment plate and the light will pass through.
Alignment
Film
Liquid
Crystal
Molecule
3-3 Operation of LCD Panel
In the LCD panel, a liquid crystal is inserted and enclosed between two glass plates. The polarized
board, transparent electrode, and the alignment film are formed on these glass plates. The light can be
passed or blocked by supplying voltage or not to this LCD panel.
In the condition (Switch-Off) that the voltage is not supplied, the liquid crystal molecules are twisted 90º
sideways and arranged spirally. The oscillating direction of the light that passed the upper polarized
board is changed by the twisted liquid crystal molecule arrangement. Therefore, the direction of a polar-
ized board and the oscillating direction of the light which is shifted 90º and arranged become the same,
and this light can now pass through a polarized board. This is the liquid crystal shutter-on condition and
an LCD panel (LCD shutter) passes the light.
Alignment
Film
-10-
Alignment
Plate
Direction
of Groove
By the upper-and-lower
alignment films, spirally, a
liquid crystal molecules are
twisted 90º and arranged.
Direction
of Groove
Fig. 9
Training Manual Principle of LCD
Operation of
Alignment Film
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