Planet ICA-100C User Manual

Planet ICA-100C User Manual

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Internet Camera

ICA-100C
User's Manual
Version 1.1

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Summary of Contents for Planet ICA-100C

  • Page 1: Internet Camera

    Internet Camera ICA-100C User’s Manual Version 1.1...
  • Page 2: Declaration Of Conformity

    (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Disclaimer PLANET Technology does not warrant that the hardware will work properly in all environments and applications, and makes no warranty and representation, either implied or expressed, with respect to the quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose.
  • Page 3 Trademarks The PLANET logo is a trademark of PLANET Technology. This documentation may refer to numerous hardware and software products by their trade names. In most, if not all cases, these designations are claimed as trademarks or registered trademarks by their respective companies.
  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    ABLE OF ONTENTS ABOUT THIS GUIDE ............5 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION..........6 ............7 EATURES AND ENEFITS ............9 NPACKING THE ACKAGE ............10 YSTEM EQUIREMENT ............11 HYSICAL ESCRIPTION CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE INSTALLATION ....15 .......15 TTACHING THE AMERA TO THE TAND ........16 ONNECTING THE THERNET CABLE ..........16 TTACHING THE OWER...
  • Page 5 .............54 ONFIGURING THE YSTEM CHAPTER 7 APPENDIX ............68 ........68 REQUENTLY SKED UESTIONS B PING Y IP A .............71 DDRESS ............72 ROUBLE HOOTING ...............76 ABLE .........78 PLUG ONTROL NSTALLATION ........82 DJUST NTERNET AMERA OCUS ..............83 PECIFICATION ............85 LOSSARY OF ERMS...
  • Page 6: About This Guide

    BOUT UIDE This manual provides instructions and illustrations on how to use your ICA-100C Internet Camera, includes: Chapter 1, Introduction, provides the general information on the camera. Chapter 2, Hardware Installation, describes the hardware installation procedure for the camera. Chapter 3, Security, explains the security feature of the camera.
  • Page 7: Chapter 1 Introduction

    Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Thank you for purchasing the ICA-100C Internet Camera, a camera device that can be connected directly to an Ethernet or Fast Ethernet network. Compared to the conventional PC Camera, the Internet Camera features a built-in CPU and web-based solutions that can provide a cost-effective solution to transmit real-time high-quality video images and sounds for monitoring.
  • Page 8: Features And Benefits

    Netscape 6.0 or above. Just plug and view the picture from your Internet Camera with a valid IP Address. Support Variety of Platforms The ICA-100C supports TCP/IP networking, SMTP e-mail, HTTP and other Internet related protocols, and can be utilized in a mixed operating system environment such as Windows, UNIX, and Mac.
  • Page 9 Remote Utility The powerful IPView Pro application assigns the administrator with a pre-defined user ID and password, allowing the administrator to modify the Internet Camera settings from the remote site via Intranet or Internet. When new firmware is available, you can also upgrade remotely over the network for added convenience.
  • Page 10: Unpacking The Package

    Unpacking the Package Unpack the package and check all the items carefully. In addition to this User’s Guide, be certain that you have: PLANET Internet Camera x 1 Installation CD-ROM x 1 Quick Installation Guide x 1 Power Adapter x 1 Camera Stand x 1 RJ-45 Ethernet Cable x 1 If any item contained is damaged or missing, please contact your...
  • Page 11: System Requirement

    System Requirement Networking 10Base-T Ethernet or 100Base-TX Fast Ethernet. Accessing the Camera For Web Browser Users Operating System: Microsoft® Windows® 98SE/ME/ 2000/XP CPU: Intel Pentium II, 266 MHz or above Memory Size: 32MB (64MB recommended) Resolution: 800x600 or above Internet Explorer 5.0 or above (ActiveX & JAVA Mode – Image View for Windows OS and JAVA Mode –...
  • Page 12: Physical Description

    Physical Description This section describes the externally visible features of the Internet Camera. Front Panel 1. Power LED 2. Link LED 1. Power LED The Power LED is positioned on the right side of the Internet Camera’s lens while facing the Internet Camera. A steady BLUE light confirms that the Internet Camera is...
  • Page 13: Rear Panel

    A steady ORANGE light confirms that the camera has good connection to LAN connectivity. Dependent on the data traffic the LED will begin to flash to indicate that the Internet Camera is receiving/sending data from/to the network. Rear Panel 2. Reset Button 1.
  • Page 14: Reset Button

    2. Reset Button Reset will be initiated when the reset button is pressed once, and Power LED begins to flash. Factory Reset will be initiated when the reset button is pressed continuously for three seconds or when Power LED begins to light up.
  • Page 15: Top Panel

    Top Panel Top Panel Screw Hole Screw Hole Located on the top/bottom panel of the camera, the screw hole is used to connect the camera stand onto the camera by attaching the screw head on the camera stand into the screw hole of the camera.
  • Page 16: Chapter 2 Hardware Installation

    Chapter 2 HARDWARE INSTALLATION Attaching the Camera to the Stand The Internet Camera comes with a camera stand (optional) with a swivel ball screw head that can be attached to the Internet Camera's bottom screw hole. Attach the camera stand to the Internet Camera and station it for your application.
  • Page 17: Connecting The Ethernet Cable

    Connecting the Ethernet cable Connect an Ethernet cable to the network cable connector located Internet Camera’s rear panel, and then attach it to the network. Attaching the Power Supply Attach the external power supply to the DC power input connector located on Internet Camera’s rear panel, and then connect it to your local power supply.
  • Page 18: Chapter 3 Security

    Chapter 3 SECURITY To ensure the highest security and prevent unauthorized usage of the Internet Camera the Administrator has the exclusive privilege to access the System Administration for settings and control requirements to allow users the level of entry and authorize the privileges for all users.
  • Page 19: Chapter 4 Application Of Thecamera

    Chapter 4 APPLICATION OF THE CAMERA The Internet Camera can be applied in wide variety of applications. With the built-in CPU, it can work as a standalone system that provides a web-based solution transmitting high quality video images and sounds for monitoring purposes. It can be managed remotely, accessed and controlled from any PC desktop over the Intranet or Internet via a web browser.
  • Page 20: Applications

    Applications Monitoring of local and remote places and objects such as construction sites, hospitals, amusement parks, schools and day-care centers through the use of a web browser. Capture multiple frame images from the IPView pro application. Configure the camera to upload image or send-email messages with a single frame image.
  • Page 21: Application Diagrams Of The Camera

    Application Diagrams of the Camera Home Applications...
  • Page 22 Office Applications...
  • Page 23: Chapter 5 Using The Camera

    Chapter 5 USING THE CAMERA You can access and manage the Internet Camera through: 1) a web browser, and 2) the enclosed software IPView Pro. This chapter describes the Web Configuration Utility, and provides the instructions on using the camera with a web browser. Web Configuration The Internet Camera must be configured through its built-in Web- based Configuration.
  • Page 24 Default IP address Pre-view area Welcome Screen of the Configuration Utility After the default IP address is entered from the browser, the Internet Camera Welcome screen will appear with a still image. There will be three options to choose from to set-up and view your Internet Camera, including: View Video –...
  • Page 25: System Administration

    System Administration Click on “System Administration” from the Home page to access the settings required for ICA-100C. There will be several options in the menu bar to choose from to set your Internet Camera and they are as follows: • System •...
  • Page 27 - System Setting: In this field, you can configure the basic information of your camera. • Camera Name: This field is used to enter a descriptive name for the device. The default setting for the Camera Name is PL-xxxxxx, where xxxxxx the last six digit of the MAC Address.
  • Page 28 • IP Assignment: There are two options to select from the IP Assignment. Note: Access to ICA-100 series is done through assigning a proper IP address. Please make sure to use a vacant IP address when you assign the IP address for ICA-100 series.
  • Page 29 ICA-100 series will automatically assign an IP address from RARP, BOOTP or DHCP server. Each time ICA- 100 series starts up, be sure the RARP, BOOTP or DHCP server is setup as assign a static IP to your Internet Camera. If your application requires direct connection from an ADSL modem through ICA-100 series RJ-45 LAN port and you also have an ISP PPPoE account.
  • Page 30 • LED Control: This option allows user to setup the LED illumination as desired. This feature provides the flexibility when surveillance activity is ON. There are three options as follows: Power - Steady On of the LED indicator. Link - Steady On of the LED indicator. Normal When LAN activity is present the LED indicator will flash steadily.
  • Page 31 • Open Second Port: The Web Server field allows settings to open a second port for ICA-100 series. This will permit users IP Sharing Gateways to support multiple Internet Cameras. By default Port 80 is always opened for ICA-100 series Web Server access.
  • Page 32 Port 83 map to 192.168.0.103 Port 84 map to 192.168.0.104 Port 85 map to 192.168.0.105 The Transfer Image field allows settings to open a second port for ICA-100 series to transfer images. The default Port 8481 is open image transfer and you can define a second port similar to the above.
  • Page 33 Image screen • Video Resolution: Select the desired video resolution 160x120 320x240 format, including (default) and 640x48 • Compression Rate: Select the desired compression rate with five levels from Very Low to Very High. Higher video compression rate will generate more compact file size with less video quality and vise- versa.
  • Page 34 • Light Frequency: Adjust the light frequency to suit your area of operation from the options either 50 Hz or 60 Hz (default). User Click the User item in the top column to add, edit and delete users for your camera. User Screen •...
  • Page 35 DateTime Screen - Date & Time: You can set up time and date manually or automatically by selecting the Synchronized with Time Server option. • Synchronized with Time Server: Select this option and the time will be based on GMT setting. The time will be synchronized every 10 minutes.
  • Page 36 Note: Before using the Upload function, please ensure the User account used has “write” permission of the FTP server or the specified folder. - FTP Server: This field contains the following six basic settings for your FTP server. • Host Address: The IP Address of the target FTP server.
  • Page 37 • Port Number: The standard port number for the FTP server is Port 21, and it’s also the default setting. If the FTP server uses a specific port, please confirm the IT manager. • User Name: Enter the user name of FTP server. •...
  • Page 38 overwrite the previous one. There will be only one image stored in FTP server. Choose Date/Time Suffix option, and the full file name of the image will be “Base File Name+ Date+ Time”. Choose Sequence Number Suffix Up to option, and the full file name of the image will be “Base File Name+ Sequence Number”.
  • Page 39 - E-mail Account: This field contains the following six basic settings for your FTP server. • SMTP Server Address: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a protocol for sending e-mail messages between servers you need to input the mail server address in this field.
  • Page 40 instruction in “Upload” section. The Interval option is to define time interval between two images sent. - Manual Operation: When you click ON for the E-mail Image button in view video screen, it will start to e-mail image. The Interval option is to define time interval between two images sent.
  • Page 41 can resume all factory default settings for the camera. If you do not want to restore the factory settings, exit this window without clicking YES. Please NOTE that you have to configure the network settings again after a Factory Reset Note: Once the configuration is completed, click Home to return to the Welcome screen and select the desired View Video option...
  • Page 42: View Video - Activex Mode

    View Video – ActiveX Mode To view video images from the browser, click View Image – ActiveX Mode from the Welcome screen to access the video images from Internet Explorer as illustrated below: Camera Name Date and Time Camera Name: The Camera name will be displayed when the Camera Name field is entered in the Web Configuration setting under Configuration.
  • Page 43 desired selection ON or OFF to utilize the options for each of the functions.
  • Page 44: View Image - Java Mode

    View Image – Java Mode To view video images from the browser, click View Image – Java Mode from the Welcome screen to access the video images from Internet Explorer or Netscape browser as illustrated below: Camera Name Date and Time Camera Name: The Camera name will be displayed when the Camera Name field is entered in the Web Configuration setting under Configuration.
  • Page 45 NOTE: 1. Please refer to the appendix on how to install ActiveX, including 1.) install to the Web Server, and 2.) install to your Local PC. 2. The administrator has the authority to set the Image Upload and Email Image function through the setting in the User configuration.
  • Page 46: Chapter 6 Ipview Pro

    Chapter 6 IPV This chapter describes the IPView Pro, which is a powerful software application designed with a user-friendly interface for ease of control and navigation requirements. Getting Started To launch IPView Pro, click Start > Programs > PLANET > IPView Pro >...
  • Page 47: Item Feature

    NOTE: IPView Pro requires the system’s resolution setting up to 1024x768. Please configure the resolution to 1024x768 or higher; otherwise, it may shows incomplete screen when launching the program. Item Feature Item Description Date/Time Show current date/time.
  • Page 48 Status Mode Show the camera’s status in this window. Window Click the Change Status Mode button ( ) on the right lower corner of the window to change the display mode: Camera list mode Camera information mode View Show the camera’s view in this window. Window View Mode Select the view mode from these buttons.
  • Page 49 Key Lock Click to lock/unlock the camera. When locked, Button the user cannot operate any camera. Power Button Click to exit or minimize IPView Pro. Record Record video clip of the selected camera and save Button it in the computer. The storage position can be configured in System Configuration.
  • Page 50: Using Ipview Pro

    Using IPView Pro Adding a Camera To add a camera: 1. Click the System Configure button to enter the System Configuration. If you are not sure of the camera’s IP address, you can click Search to search the available camera(s) within the network.
  • Page 51 2. Select the camera you want by highlighting it, and then click Add Camera. The camera is added. Click the Add Camera button. The camera found within the network. 3. Click Save, and then click the System Configure button to return to View Window.
  • Page 52 Alternately, you can add a camera by entering the its IP address directly: 4. Select the Input IP tab. The camera is added. Click the Add Camera button. Enter the camera’s IP address and Port. 5. Enter the camera’s IP address (default: 192.168.1.2) and Port (default: 80), and then click Add Camera.
  • Page 53: Removing A Camera

    Removing a Camera To remove the camera from the list: camera elect the you want to remove. 2. Click Delete Camera. Viewing a Camera From the View Modes of the panel, you can select one-camera mode or other modes to display your video. IPView Pro allows a maximum of 16 cameras for viewing.
  • Page 54: Recording Video

    Video Recording IPView Pro allows you to record the video clip and save it in your computer through the following methods: Manual Record, Schedule Record, and Motion Record. When you click the Record button and select Manual Record, it will start recording. Click the button again to stop. If you select Schedule Record or Motion Record, the system will record the video clip according to the settings in System Configuration.
  • Page 55: Configuring The System

    Configuring the System Clicking the System Configure button on the panel allows you to configure the system settings, and the System Configuration Screen will appear in the View Window as shown below. Once configured, click Save to save the settings, and then click the System Configure button again to exit configuration.
  • Page 56: Camera Configuration

    Camera Configuration In this field, you can add/delete the camera (as described in the previous section). Also, you can configure the following settings: Web Configuration In the left column, selecting the Web Configuration item will launch the Web Configuration Utility in View Window. You can configure these settings according to the description in Chapter 5, Using the Camera.
  • Page 57 Motion Configuration-1 The Motion Configuration-1 item provides the commands for motion detection control. Before configuring, you should select one camera from the pull-down menu. Select one camera. Detect Region: When you select the Full picture option, the camera will monitor the whole area. Sensitivity Level: Move the slide bar to adjust the sensitivity level for detecting motion to record video.
  • Page 58 Motion Configuration-2 The Motion Configuration-2 item allows you to configure to the alarm and e-mail setting. Invoke Alarm: Select this option to enable alarm when some motion detected by the system. Send e-mail: When this option is checked, click the Mailing Configuration in the left column to enter the required information (see the following section).
  • Page 59 Tools The Tools item allows you to reset the camera to factory default setting or upgrade the firmware. Reset: Restore the original setting of your camera. Do you really want to reset this device? Click Yes in the pop-up dialog box to confirm. Factory Reset: Restore the factory default settings of the camera.
  • Page 60: Mailing Configuration

    Mailing Configuration When Motion Detection function is enabled and the Send e-mail option is checked, you should enter the required information in the respective fields. Mail Server: Enter the mail server address that is used to send your e-mail. Mail From/To: Enter the sender’s/receiver’s e-mail address. Subject: Enter the title of the e-mail.
  • Page 61: Proxy Server

    Proxy Server Check the Proxy Server option and enter the required settings in the Address and Port boxes to enable and use the Proxy Server function.
  • Page 62: Recording Configuration

    Recording Configuration In this field, you can configure the storage settings. Log Storage: • Reserved HDD Space For MS-Windows OS – You can reserve 500 MB to 1000 MB hard disk space for the program. • Each Recording File Size – If the recorded video files reach the file size limit, video images will be recorded into another file automatically.
  • Page 63 • Storage List – The destination folder to save the recorded video file can be specified here. Click Modify to change the current path setting; click Add to add a new destination folder; click Delete to remove a selected path setting.
  • Page 64 Schedule-Recording Configuration This recording function will work after you have enabled respective settings in the Schedule mode. The recording schedule can be defined by Date Mode or Week Mode. Date Mode: First, select the camera desired from the pull- down menu. Then, setup the time in the Start/Stop fields. Click Add to add the recording schedule to the list.
  • Page 65 Week Mode: First, select the camera desired from the pull- down menu. Then, setup the time in the Start/Stop fields, and select the weekday from the buttons. Click Add to add the recording schedule to the list. Click Save to save the settings.
  • Page 66 Others When multiple cameras connected, this option allows the system to display these views as the main view in circles according to your time settings. The range of Time interval of scan is from 1 to 20 seconds.
  • Page 67: Log List

    Log List This filed displays the user(s) information, which includes the Date, MAC address, and the brief description of events.
  • Page 68 About This filed provides information of the software application.
  • Page 69: Chapter 7 Appendix

    Chapter 7 APPENDIX A Frequently Asked Questions Internet Camera Features Q: What is an Internet Camera? A: The Internet Camera is a standalone system connecting directly to an Ethernet or Fast Ethernet network. It is different from the conventional PC camera, the Internet Camera is an all- in-one system with built-in CPU and web-based solutions providing a low cost solution that can transmit high quality video images for monitoring.
  • Page 70: Internet Camera Installation

    A: The Internet Camera utilizes the JPEG image compression technology providing high quality images for users. JPEG is adopted since it is a standard for image compression and can be applied to various web browser and application software without the need to install extra software. Internet Camera Installation Q: Can the Internet Camera be used out-doors? A: The Internet Camera is not weatherproof.
  • Page 71 transmits image data, the default port 8481 is also required. Therefore, it is necessary to open port 8481 of the network for remote users to access the Internet Camera.
  • Page 72: B Ping Your Ip Address

    B PING Your IP Address The PING (Packet Internet Groper) command can determine whether a specific IP address is accessible by sending a packet to the specific address and waiting for a reply. It can also provide a very useful tool to confirm if the IP address conflicts with the Internet Camera over the network.
  • Page 73: C Trouble Shooting

    C Trouble Shooting Q: I cannot access the Internet Camera from a web browser. A1: The possible cause might be the IP Address for the Internet Camera is already being used by another device. To correct the possible problem, you need to first disconnect the Internet Camera from the network.
  • Page 74 the product by connecting a local computer to the unit, utilizing a standard Crossover (hub to hub) Cable. If the problem is not solved the Internet Camera might be faulty. Q: Why does the Power LED not light up constantly? A: The power supply used might be at fault.
  • Page 75 Q: Why does a series of broad vertical white line appears through out the image? A: A likely issue is that the CMOS sensor becomes overloaded when the light source is too bright such as direct exposure to sunlight or halogen light. You need to reposition the Internet Camera into a more shaded area immediately as this will damage the CMOS sensor.
  • Page 76 Q: There are no images available through the web browser? A: The ActiveX might be disabled. If you are viewing the images from Internet Explorer make sure ActiveX has been enabled in the Internet Options menu. Alternatively, you can use the Java Applet for viewing the required images.
  • Page 77: D Time Zone Table

    D Time Zone Table...
  • Page 79: E Xplug Control Installation

    E Xplug Control Installation Installation To Web Server Important Information It is highly recommended to install the Xplug Control application to the Web Server for IE 5.0. It must be installed to a Public Domain with Fixed IP address. 1. Installation: Copy the “xplug.ocx”...
  • Page 80: Software Installation

    Software Installation Insert the CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive to initiate the auto- run program. Once completed, a menu screen will appear as below: To install Xplug Control, click the “Xplug Control" button to activate the installation procedure for the plug-in program.
  • Page 81 Once executed, a prompt will appear requesting the input of the desired language selection. Make the desired selection and click “OK” to continue. The Welcome screen will appear. Click the “Next” button to proceed with the installation.
  • Page 82 The License Agreement prompt will appear as below. Read the details carefully and click the “Yes” button to continue with the installation procedure. Click the “Finish” button to complete Setup of the Xplug Control Utility program for the Internet Camera.
  • Page 83: F Adjust Internet Camera Focus

    F Adjust Internet Camera Focus To adjust the focus of the lens, you need to turn the lens slowly in either clockwise or anti-clockwise direction until the desired image appears. DO NOT over turn the lens in either of the directions, as it will be out of focus.
  • Page 84: G Specification

    G Specification Video specification Resolution: 640 x 480 pixel Sensor: Color CMOS sensor Focal Length: 6.0 mm Gain control: Automatic Exposure: Automatic White Balance: Automatic Shutter: Electronics 1/60 ~ 1/15000 sec Minimum Illumination: 2.5lux@F1.4, 3000K color Aperture: F=1.8 Signal / Noise Ratio: 57 dB Lens mounting: Fixed board lens.
  • Page 85 Hardware Interface LAN Connector: One RJ-45 port, 10/100Mbps auto-sensed Communication protocol: HTTP, FTP, TCP/IP, UDP, ARP, ICMP, BOOTP, DHCP, PPPoE, SMTP, DDNS Power Supply: DC 5V, switching type Power consumption: 2.75 Watt (550mA x 5V) LED Indicator: Power LED (Blue) Activity LED (Orange) Software Browser:...
  • Page 86: H Glossary Of Terms

    H Glossary of Terms NUMBERS 10BASE-T 10BASE-T is Ethernet over UTP Category III,IV, or V unshielded twisted-pair media. 100BASE-TX two-pair twisted-media implementation 100BASE-T is called 100BASE-TX. Applet Applets are small Java programs that can be embedded in an HTML page. The rule at the moment is that an applet can only make an Internet connection to the computer form that the applet was sent.
  • Page 87 BOOTP Bootstrap Protocol is an Internet protocol that can automatically configure a network device in a diskless workstation to give its own IP address. Communication Communication has four components: sender, receiver, message, and medium. In networks, devices and application tasks and processes communicate messages to each other over media.
  • Page 88 of manually assigning it a unique IP address. DHCP allows the specification for the service provided by a router, gateway, or other network device that automatically assigns an IP address to any device that requests one Domain Name System is an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses.
  • Page 89 Fast Ethernet Fast Ethernet, also called 100BASE-T, operates at 10 or 100Mbps per second over UTP, STP, or fiber-optic media. Firewall Firewall is considered the first line of defense in protecting private information. For better security, data can be encrypted. A system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network.
  • Page 90 for humans to read hexadecimal numbers than binary numbers. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. Intranet This is a private network, inside an organization or company, that uses the same software you will find on the public Internet. The only difference is that an Intranet is used for internal usage only.
  • Page 91 packets across the Internet. For example 80.80.80.69 is an IP address, it is the closet thing the Internet has to telephone numbers. When you “call” that number, using any connection methods, you get connected to the computer that “owns” that IP address. Internet Service Provider, is a company that maintains a network that is linked to the Internet by way of a dedicated communication line.
  • Page 92 Network Address Translator generally applied by a router, that makes many different IP addresses on an internal network appear to the Internet as a single address. For routing messages properly within your network, each device requires a unique IP address. But the addresses may not be valid outside your network.
  • Page 93 connections. Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. PPPoE is a PPPoE specification for connecting the users on an Ethernet to the Internet through a common broadband medium, such as DSL or cable modem. All the users over the Ethernet share a common connection. Communication on the network is governed by sets of Protocol rules called protocols.
  • Page 94 RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol, a TCP/IP protocol that allows a physical address, such as an Ethernet address, to be translated into an IP address. RJ-45 RJ-45 connector is used for Ethernet cable connections. Router A router is the network software or hardware entity charged with routing packets between networks.
  • Page 95 (TCP/IP) Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is a widely used transport protocol that connects diverse computers of various transmission methods. It was developed y the Department of Defense to connect different computer types and led to the development of the Internet. A transceiver joins two network segments together.
  • Page 96 Wide-Area Network. A wide-area network consists of groups of interconnected computers that are separated by a wide distance and communicate with each other via common carrier telecommunication techniques. Windows is a graphical user interface for workstations Windows that use DOS. Workgroup A workgroup is a group of users who are physically located together and connected to the same LAN, or a...

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