Garmin GPS 120XL Owner's Manual
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Garmin GPS 120XL Owner's Manual

Garmin GPS 120XL Owner's Manual

120xl marine navigator
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Summary of Contents for Garmin GPS 120XL

  • Page 1 GPS 120XL Marine Navigator ZOOM O w n e r ’ s M a n u a l & R e f e r e n c e ®...
  • Page 2 GARMIN, Personal Navigator, AutoLocate,TracBack, and MultiTrac 8 are all trade- marks of GARMIN Corporation and may not be used without the expressed permission of GARMIN. July 1997 - Part #190-00136-00 Rev. B - Printed in Taiwan.
  • Page 3 Reference provides detailed explanations of the advanced features and operations of the GPS 120XL in a topical format. This allows you to concen- trate on a specific topic quickly, without reading through entire sections of text that you may not need.
  • Page 4 NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and, therefore, become unsafe. Use the GPS 120XL at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Operator’ s Manual and thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode prior to actual use.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    INTRODUCTION Table of Contents SECTION ONE Introduction Glossary/Navigation Basics ....... .2-4 SECTION TWO Getting Started Turning On and Initializing the Receiver .

  • Page 6: Crosstrack Error (Xte)

    INTRODUCTION Glossary The GPS 120XL is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywhere in the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be helpful to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below. Other navigation and GPS definitions used in the manual are defined in the appropriate reference sections of the manual.

  • Page 7: Track (Trk)

    Grid Coordinate system that projects the earth on a flat surface, using square zones for position measurements. UTM/UPS and Maidenhead formats are grid systems. Ground Speed The velocity you are traveling relative to a ground position. Latitude The north/south measurement of position perpendicular to the earth’ s polar axis.

  • Page 8: Glossary/Navigation Basics

    000º, east as 090º, south as 180º, and west as 270º. The diagram and compass rose below provide a graphic illustration of the navigation terms used by the GPS 120XL. More information on basic navigation and GPS are available at your local library or bookstore.
  • Page 9 GPS 120XL’ s advanced features. Initializing Your GPS for First-Time Use The first time you power up your new GPS 120XL is an important step in getting the best possible future GPS performance.

  • Page 10: Initializing The Receiver

    •Select Country––allows you to initialize the receiver by selecting your present position from a list of countries in the GPS 120XL’ s internal data- base. This usually provides a position fix in a few minutes. •Autolocate ––allows the GPS 120XL to initialize...

  • Page 11: Initialization Troubleshooting

    EZinit list. Your unit should now be initialized. If you want to complete the Getting Started Tour at another time, you may now turn the GPS 120XL off (see below) or you may continue. To turn the GPS 120XL off: 1.

  • Page 12: Primary Pages

    Position Page Primary Pages Before we start the tour, let’ s briefly look at the five primary information pages used for the GPS 120XL. Note: Switch between pages by pressing either the J keys. Satellite Page The Satellite Page shows satellite positions and signal strength.

  • Page 13: Menu Pages

    (ETE) and your velocity made good (VMG). Menu Page The last primary page is the Menu Page. The Menu Page gives you access to the GPS 120XL’ s way- point management, route, track log, and setup features through a list of submenus.

  • Page 14: Getting Started Tour

    GPS 120XL is turned on, initialized, and that you have not changed any of the factory set- tings (units of measure, selectable fields, etc.).

  • Page 15: Using The Position And Map Pages

    Position Page (or whatever page was displayed M key). The ‘DOCK’ waypoint prior to pressing the is now stored in the GPS 120XL’ s memory, and will remain there until you manually remove it or clear the receiver’ s memory. For more on waypoint management, see pages 19-25.

  • Page 16: Position And Map

    GETTING STARTED Position & Map Pages The Map Page displays your present position as a diamond icon and provides real-time graphic “bread- crumb” display of your track right on the screen. The moving map’s default screen orientation is track up orientation. “Track up” means that your current direction of travel is always up (or towards the top of)

  • Page 17: Going To A Waypoint

    Going To a Waypoint Once you’ve stored the “CHANNL” waypoint in memory, you can use the GPS 120XL to guide you to it by performing a simple GOTO. A GOTO is nothing more than a straight-line course from your present position to the destination you’ve selected.

  • Page 18: Using The Highway Page

    GETTING STARTED Using The Highway Page The 120XL will also provide steering guidance with a graphic compass page. To change the display from the highway page, press ENTER twice. Once you are one minute from the destination (based on your present speed and course), an arrival message will appear on the message page.

  • Page 19: Cancelling A Goto And Clearing Maps

    ‘CANCEL GOTO?’ prompt at the bottom of the page and press Clearing a Cluttered Map Display After you’ve used the GPS 120XL for a few trips, you may find that your map display has become a bit messy from keeping track of your every move. For practice, let’...

  • Page 20: Satellite Page

    The satellite number in the sky view will also change from reverse video to normal presenta- tion. As soon as the GPS 120XL has collected the neces- sary data to use the satellite for positioning, the hollow bar will become solid.

  • Page 21: Receiver Status

    (estimated position error, in feet or meters) at the top right. The status will show one of the following conditions: Searching— the GPS 120XL is looking for any available satellites in view. AutoLocate — the GPS 120XL is initializing and collecting new almanac data.

  • Page 22: Position Page

    Satellite Page when backlighting is on. Position Page The GPS 120XL’ s Position Page shows you where you are, the direction you are heading, and your speed, and is most useful when you are traveling without an active destination waypoint.

  • Page 23: Marking And Saving Waypoints

    The GPS 120XL allows you to mark, store and use up to 250 waypoints. A waypoint position can be entered by taking an instant electronic fix or by manu- ally entering a coordinate or range and bearing in refer- ence to an existing waypoint.

  • Page 24: Waypoints Page

    Waypoint Submenus The GPS 120XL has three waypoint submenu pages that let you manage a large number of waypoints quick- ly and efficiently. The nearest waypoints, waypoint list and waypoint definition pages are accessed through the Menu Page.

  • Page 25: Waypoint List Page

    Waypoint List Page The waypoint list page provides you with a com- plete list of all waypoints currently stored in the GPS 120XL. The total number of used and empty waypoints is indicated above the waypoint list. From the waypoint list page, you can retrieve a waypoint definition page, delete all user-defined waypoints, or GOTO a selected waypoint.

  • Page 26: Waypoint Definition Page

    REFERENCE Waypoint Definition Page Use the waypoint definition page to review, rename, or delete stored waypoints and to create new waypoints manually. To create a new waypoint by manually entering coor- dinates or by referencing an existing waypoint, highlight the ‘NEW?’ prompt and press the ENTER key.

  • Page 27: Reference Waypoints

    To create a new waypoint manually without know- ing its position coordinates, you’ll need to enter its bearing and distance from an existing waypoint. The GPS 120XL will then calculate the position coordinates for you. To create a new waypoint by referencing a stored waypoint: 1.

  • Page 28: Editing Existing Waypoints

    3. Enter your new data. 4. Press the key to confirm your changes. Waypoint Comments Each waypoint stored in the GPS 120XL has a user- defined 16-character comment field. The default com- ment is the UTC date and time of the waypoint’ s creation.

  • Page 29: Scanning Waypoints

    To rename a stored waypoint: 1. Highlight the ‘RENAME?’ field and press 2. Enter the new waypoint name and press 3. Press the key to confirm your changes. To delete a stored waypoint: 1. Highlight the ‘DELETE?’ field and press 2.

  • Page 30: Man Overboard Function

    MOB will replace the previ- ous MOB waypoint. Selecting a GOTO Destination The GPS 120XL provides four ways to navigate to a destination: GOTO, MOB, TracBack and route naviga- tion. The most basic method of selecting a destination is the GOTO function, which lets you choose any stored waypoint as the destination and quickly sets a direct course from your present position.

  • Page 31: Tracback Navigation

    3. Highlight the ‘TRACBACK?’ option and press Once the TracBack function has been activated, the GPS 120XL will take the track log currently stored in memory and divide it into segments called legs. Up to 30 temporary waypoints (e.g., ‘T001’) will be created to...
  • Page 32 Tips on Creating and Using the TracBack Feature The GPS 120XL’ s TracBack feature is designed to help you quickly create and activate a route that follows your path back to a user-defined starting point. To get...

  • Page 33: Creating And Navigating Routes

    Creating and Navigating Routes The last form of navigating to a destination with the GPS 120XL is by creating a user-defined route. The route navigation feature lets you plan and navigate a course from one place to another using a set of pre- defined waypoints.

  • Page 34: Route Definition Page

    (see page 32). Route Definition Page The GPS 120XL lets you create and store up to 20 routes of 30 waypoints each. Routes are created, copied and edited through the route definition page, which is accessed through the Menu Page.

  • Page 35: Clearing Routes

    To create a route from the route definition page: 1. Highlight the route number field and press 2. Enter a route number and press the firm. 3. Press to begin entry of a route comment. (Note that the default [first and last waypoint] comment will only appear if the comment field is blank.) 4.

  • Page 36: Activating And Inverting Routes

    REFERENCE Clearing, Activating and Inverting Routes Clearing a route only removes the waypoints from the route selected. The way- points used for the route will still remain in memory individually. To activate a route, high- light the ‘ACT?’ prompt and press ENTER.

  • Page 37: Active Route

    Active Route Page Once a route has been activated, the active route page will appear, displaying the waypoint sequence of your route with the estimated time enroute (ETE) at your present speed and distance to each waypoint. As long as you are navigating an active route, the active route page will become part of the primary page sequence of the unit.

  • Page 38: On-Route Gotos

    On-Route GOTOs At the beginning of this section, we mentioned that the GPS 120XL will automatically select the route leg closest to your position as the active leg. This will give you steering guidance to the desired track of the active leg.

  • Page 39: User-Defined Navigation Pages

    User-Defined Navigation Pages Once you’ve selected a GOTO destination or acti- vated a MOB or route, the GPS 120XL will provide graphic steering guidance to the destination with one of two navigation pages: • The Highway Page (the default navigation page)

  • Page 40: Highway Page

    Using the Highway Page The GPS 120XL’ s Highway Page also provides graph- ic steering guidance to a destination, with a greater emphasis on the straight-line desired course and the distance and direction you are off course. The bearing...

  • Page 41: Compass Page

    (TRK) and speed (SPD) over the ground. When you are one minute away from the destination (based on your current speed and track over the ground), the GPS 120XL will alert you with a flashing on-screen message box. REFERENCE...

  • Page 42: Map Page

    51-52. Map Page The GPS 120XL features a powerful real-time mov- ing map that can do much more than just plot your course and route. The Map Page also provides you with a target cursor that will let you pan ahead to nearby...

  • Page 43: Zooming, Panning, And Pointing

    Zooming, Panning, and Pointing There are three main functions you can perform from the Map Page: zooming, panning, and pointing. Zooming is increasing or decreasing the display scale of the map. Panning is using a target crosshair and the arrow keypad to “slide” the map window in any direc- tion, including diagonally, to view the surrounding area.
  • Page 44 REFERENCE Using the Cursor on the To mark a waypoint with the crosshair, simply pan to the desired position and press the ENTER key. The crosshair may also be used to define a GOTO des- tination by panning to the desired position and press- ing the GOTO key.

  • Page 45: Distance And Sun Calculation

    Message Page The message page is used to display all messages in the GPS 120XL. There are two types of messages: tem- porary alerts (e.g. approaching a waypoint) and condi- tion alerts (e.g., battery power is low). All messages are indicated by a flashing on-screen box.

  • Page 46: Track Log Setup

    REFERENCE Track Log Setup Turning the track recording option off will prevent you from using the TracBack option. Entering a time interval in to the track recording crite- ria will plot your position points further apart than they would be in the “Automatic”...

  • Page 47: Interface Setup

    The GRMN/GRMN setting is a proprietary format that lets you exchange information such as waypoints, routes and track logs between two GARMIN GPS devices or a PC. During data transfer, the number of packets being exchanged will be displayed on screen.

  • Page 48: Dgps Interface

    The RTCM/NMEA selection controls the GARMIN GBR-21 differential beacon receiver. Once a RTCM set- ting has been selected, the GPS 120XL will either auto- matically try to tune the last frequency and bit rate you selected or will switch to the default frequency of 304.0 kHz with a bit rate of 100 bps if no previous beacon has been tuned.

  • Page 49: System Setup

    • If a beacon signal cannot be tuned, a ‘No Status’ message will be displayed. The GPS 120XL will also display one of three alert messages concerning DGPS operation through the mes- sage page: No DGPS Position— not enough data is available to compute a DGPS position.

  • Page 50: Setting Time

    System Setup The next setup page is the system setup page, which is used to select the operating mode, time offset and screen preferences. The GPS 120XL has two operating modes: • ’Normal’ Mode operates the unit at maximum performance, and provides a battery of life up to 12 hours on alkaline batteries.

  • Page 51: Navigation Setup

    2. Select 12-or 24-hour display, and press confirm. Screen Contrast The GPS 120XL features adjustable screen contrast and is controlled by using an on-screen bar scale. To set the screen contrast: 1. Move the field highlight to the ‘CONTRAST’ field and press the key.

  • Page 52: Position Formats

    CDI scale, and distance, speed and heading information. Position Formats The default position setting for the GPS 120XL is latitude and longitude in degrees and minutes (hdddºmm.mmm’). You may also select degrees, min- utes and seconds (hdddºmm’ s s.s’’); degrees only (hddd.dddddº);...

  • Page 53: Units Of Measure

    3. Press the key to confirm the selection. Units of Measure The GPS 120XL lets you select nautical (default), statute or metric units of measure for all speed and dis- tance fields. To change the unit of measure: 1. Highlight the ‘units’ field and press the 2.

  • Page 54: Magnetic Heading Reference

    Speed Filter (continued) The speed filter allows you to determine how the GPS 120XL responds to changes in track or ground speed. Three settings are available: automatic, on, or off. The ‘Auto’ setting is the default and will monitor the changes in your current track and speed and adjust the receiver’...

  • Page 55: Map Setup And Orientation

    Magnetic Heading Reference (continued) To select a heading reference: 1. Highlight the ‘HEADING’ field and press 2. Select the desired heading preference. 3. Press the key to confirm the selection. To enter a user-defined magnetic heading 1. Select the ‘USER MAG’ option and press 2.

  • Page 56: Map Page Setup

    REFERENCE Map Page Setup & Track Log Display On-screen range rings will appear on the map when the ‘RINGS’ option is set to the ‘Yes’ position. The screen resolution of the track log may be changed by increasing the number of tracklog points displayed.

  • Page 57: Alarms Setup

    Alarms Setup The alarms setup page is used to set the three alarms available on the GPS 120XL: the anchor drag alarm, arrival alarm, and CDI alarm. The anchor drag alarm will sound if your boat has moved outside a range measured from a central point (your position).

  • Page 58: Navigation Simulator

    Navigation Simulator The GPS 120XL’ s simulator mode lets you practice all aspects of its operation without active satellite acqui- sition. You can also plan and practice trips, enter new waypoints and routes, and save them for use during normal operation.

  • Page 59: Installation

    3. Once the GPS 120XL unit has been installed, connect the cable to the antenna connector on the back of the dis- play unit. Turn the antenna connector 1/4 turn clockwise to lock the cable into place.

  • Page 60: Mounting The Gps 120Xl

    APPENDIX A Installation Mounting the GPS 120XL The GARMIN GPS 120XL’ s compact case is suitable for mounting in exposed locations or at the nav station. The unit comes with a gimbal bracket that can be used for surface, overhead, or flush mounting. When choos-...
  • Page 61 1. Cut a 4.15” W x 4.67” H hole in panel. 2. Place GPS 120XL into hole from the front until its flange rests against the mounting surface. 3. From the back side of the panel, loosely attach the bracket such that the slot in the ratchet area points away from the mounting panel.

  • Page 62: Connecting Power/Data Cable

    To connect an external alarm, connect the ground side of the alarm device to the YELLOW harness lead. (100 mA DC load max.) The following interface formats are sup- ported by the GPS 120XL for driving three NMEA devices: NMEA 0180, NMEA 0182, NMEA 0183 version 1.5:...
  • Page 63 Should your unit ever need repair, please take it to an authorized GARMIN service center. The GPS 120XL has no user ser- viceable parts. Never attempt any repairs yourself. To protect your GPS, never allow gasoline or other sol- vents to come in contact with the case or screen.

  • Page 64: Appendix C-Messages/Time Offsets

    RTCM Input has Failed—DGPS data being received has been lost. You are no longer receiving the beacon signal. Searching the Sky—The GPS 120XL is in searching the sky for almanac data or the unit is in AutoLocate mode.

  • Page 65: Time Offsets

    RTCM Input has Failed—DGPS data being received has been lost. You are no longer receiving the beacon signal. Searching the Sky—The GPS 120XL is searching the sky for almanac data or the unit is in AutoLocate mode.

  • Page 66: Map Datums

    Bermuda 1957 Bermuda 1957- Bermuda Islands The following list shows the 104 map datums available for the GPS 120XL. Menu Page abbrevi- ations are listed first, followed by the correspond- ing map datum name and area. Bogata Observ Campo Inchspe Canton Ast ‘66...
  • Page 67 European 1979 European 1979- Austria, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland Finland Hayfrd Finland Hayford- Finland Gandajika Base Gandajika Base- Republic of Maldives Geod Datm ‘49 Geodetic Datum ‘49- New Zealand Guam 1963 Guam 1963- Guam Island Gux 1 Astro Gux 1 Astro- Guadalcanal Island Hjorsey 1955...
  • Page 68 APPENDIX D Map Datums Nhrwn Masirah Nhrwn Saudi A Nhrwn United A Naparima BWI Obsrvtorio ‘66 Old Egyptian Old Hawaiian Oman Ord Srvy GB Pico De Las Nv Ptcairn Ast ‘67 Prov S Am ‘56 Prov S Chln ‘63 Puerto Rico Qatar National Qornoq Reunion...
  • Page 69 Messages & Time Offsets ..60 Mounting the GPS 120XL ..56 Navigation ....3 Navigation Basics .
  • Page 70 APPENDIX E Index On-Route GOTOs ... .34 Overview ....iii Packing List ....iii Position .

  • Page 71: Limited Warranty

    GARMIN Corporation warrants this product to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for one year from the date of purchase. GARMIN will at its sole option, repair or replace any com- ponents which fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts or labor.
  • Page 72 ® © 1997 GARMIN Corporation 1200 E. 151st Street, Olathe, KS USA 66062 GARMIN (Europe) Ltd. - Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park, Romsey, UK SO51 9AQ Part Number 190-00136-00 Rev. B Printed in Taiwan...

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