Appendix Ii: Glossary - TYAN Thunder HEsl S2567 User Manual

Appendix II: Glossary

ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface): a power management specification that allows the
operating system to control the amount of power distributed to the computer's devices. Devices not in use
can be turned off, reducing unnecessary power expenditure.
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port): a PCI-based interface which was designed specifically for demands of
3D graphics applications. The 32-bit AGP channel directly links the graphics controller to the main mem-
ory. While the channel runs at only 66 MHz, it supports data transmission during both the rising and falling
ends of the clock cycle, yielding an effective speed of 133 MHz.
AMR (Audio Modem Riser): a modem that can be used on Intel Reference Motherboard platforms using
Intel's core logic chipsets supporting AC-link 2.1. It supports fax and all data feedback modes. It provides
high speed communications between your personal computer and a remove lcoation, such as an Internet
Service Provider (ISP).
AT: the original form factor of IBM's PC.
ATAPI (AT Attachment Packet Interface): also known as IDE or ATA; a drive implementation that includes
the disk controller on the device itself. It allows CD-ROMs and tape drives to be configured as master or
slave devices, just like HDDs.
ATX: the form factor designed to replace the AT form factor. It improves on the AT design by rotating the
board 90 degrees, so that the IDE connectors are closer to the drive bays, and the CPU is closer to the
power supply and cooling fan. The keyboard, mouse, USB, serial, and parallel ports are built-in.
Bandwidth: refers to carrying capacity. The greater the bandwidth, the more data the bus, phone line, or
other electrical path, can carry. Greater bandwidth, then, also results in greater speed.
BBS (Bulletin Board System): a computer system with a number of modems hooked up to it which acts a
center for users to post messages and access information.
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System): the program that resides in the ROM chip, and provides the basic
instructions for controlling your computer's hardware. Both the operating system and application software
use BIOS routines to ensure compatibility.
Buffer: a portion of RAM which is used to temporarily store data, usually from an application, though it is
also used when printing, and in most keyboard drivers. The CPU can manipulate data in a buffer before
copying it, all at once, to a disk drive. While this improves system performance --- reading to or writing
from a disk drive a single time is much faster than doing so repeatedly --- there is also the possibility of
losing your data should the system crash. Information stored in a buffer is temporarily stored, not perma-
nently saved.
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