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Oki C9800hdn Reference Manual

Oki C9800hdn Reference Manual

C9800 series efi color reference guide
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Summary of Contents for Oki C9800hdn

  • Page 2 May 13, 2005 Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this document is complete, accurate, and up-to-date. Oki assumes no responsibility for the results of errors beyond its control. Oki also cannot guarantee that changes in software and equipment made by other manufacturers and referred to in this guide will not affect the applicability of the information in it.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Contents Introduction About this guide For additional information Chapter 1: Overview of Color Management Concepts Understanding color management systems 1-12 How color management works 1-12 Using ColorWise and application color management 1-14 Using ColorWise color management tools 1-15 Chapter 2: Using Color Management Workflows Understanding workflows 2-16 Standard recommended workflow...
  • Page 4 4 Contents Chapter 4: Managing Color in PostScript Applications Working with PostScript applications 4-27 Using color matching tools with PostScript applications 4-28 Using swatch color matching tools 4-28 Using the CMYK Color Reference 4-29 Using the PANTONE reference 4-29 Defining colors 4-31 Working with imported images 4-33...
  • Page 5 5 Contents QuarkXPress 5.x and 4.x for Mac OS 6-60 Importing images 6-60 Selecting options when printing 6-61 Optional Color Management from QuarkXPress 6-61 Windows version requirement 6-62 Importing images 6-62 Selecting options when printing 6-62 Chapter 7: Managing Color in Illustration Applications Adobe Illustrator for Windows and Mac OS 7-64 Note about color models in Adobe Illustrator...
  • Page 6 6 Contents CIE color model 8-81 Hue, saturation, and brightness 8-82 Additive and subtractive color systems 8-83 Understanding color gamut 8-86 Printing techniques 8-87 Halftone and continuous tone devices 8-87 Using color effectively 8-88 A few rules of thumb 8-88 Color wheel 8-89 Color and text...

  • Page 7: Color Reference Guide For

    Copyright © 2004 Electronics for Imaging, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and all rights are reserved. No part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means for any purpose without express prior written consent from Electronics for Imaging, Inc.

  • Page 8: Color Reference Guide For

    This product includes software developed by the Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/). FCC Information WARNING: FCC Regulations state that any unauthorized changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to operate this equipment. Class A Compliance This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
  • Page 9 Software License Agreement YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY READ THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS BEFORE USING THIS SOFTWARE. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT, DO NOT USE THE SOFTWARE. INSTALLING OR USING THE SOFTWARE INDICATES THAT YOU AGREE TO AND ACCEPT THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ACCEPT THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT YOU MAY RETURN THE UNUSED SOFTWARE FOR A FULL REFUND TO THE PLACE OF PURCHASE.

  • Page 10: Color Reference Guide For

    Limited Warranty and Disclaimer EFI warrants to the original purchaser (“Customer”) for thirty (30) days from the date of original purchase from EFI or its authorized retailer that the Software will perform in substantial conformance to the Documentation when the Product is used as authorized by EFI’s specifications. EFI warrants the media containing the Software against failure during the above warranty period.

  • Page 11: About This Guide

    11 About this guide This guide provides a reference for information about optimizing color printing Introduction with the C9800 and improving color quality and performance for all printer models. Specific features and options may vary, depending on the C9800 model at your site. About this guide This guide provides an overview of general color concepts, with a specific focus on color management for print output.

  • Page 12: Chapter 1: Overview Of Color Management Concepts

    1-12 Understanding color management systems To create successful color documents and presentations, you can take advantage of the Chapter 1: features of color management software as they are implemented by the Fiery and on Overview your desktop computer. This chapter is devoted to various elements of color of Color management that contribute to predictable color results.
  • Page 13 1-13 Understanding color management systems image data according to a specified source profile and adjusts both RGB and CMYK data according to a specified output profile, also called a destination profile by some color management systems. Source Output profile profile Device-independent color space Input data...

  • Page 14: Using Colorwise And Application Color Management

    1-14 Overview of Color Management Concepts Using ColorWise and application color management The Fiery color management system, ColorWise is designed to provide both casual and expert users the best color output for a variety of purposes. Several applications also provide their own color management system. This guide describes how to optimize print output using both ColorWise color management and application color management.

  • Page 15: Using Colorwise Color Management Tools

    1-15 Using ColorWise and application color management ColorWise uses ICC profiles to convert colors to the device gamut or simulate other devices, such as an offset printing press. ColorWise manages color conversions for all users printing to the Fiery from Windows and Mac OS computers. It allows users to follow a simple workflow with minimal intervention using robust default settings, while giving advanced users the control and precision they need.

  • Page 16: Chapter 2: Using Color Management Workflows

    2-16 Understanding workflows A workflow is the path a print job follows from creation to destination. In the Chapter 2: workflow of any job, there are various points at which decisions are made about how to Using Color define, use, and translate color. The choices made, and the point at which they are Management made, impact the color output produced.
  • Page 17 2-17 Understanding workflows DOCUMENT Application CMS: Off Disable the color management options provided by the application to ensure that the Fiery receives color data properly and prints it accurately. For information, see the documentation provided with your application. Spot Select colors based on the desired output (see “Choosing colors”...

  • Page 18: Standard Recommended Workflow

    2-18 Using Color Management Workflows Standard recommended workflow The Fiery controller is highly optimized for the C9800. ColorWise addresses issues unique to your printer, including screens, individual toner response, interactions among toners, natural smoothness of blends, and the capability to render spot and custom colors.

  • Page 19: Choosing Colors

    2-19 Choosing colors Choosing colors When working with color materials, whether they are presentations, illustrations, or complicated page designs, you make aesthetic decisions about the colors you use. After you set a goal, you must make the best use of the capabilities of your Fiery to realize your design in print.

  • Page 20: Understanding Color Models

    2-20 Using Color Management Workflows Understanding color models Colors can be defined in several different color models, the most common being RGB, CMYK, and the spot color matching system (such as PANTONE). Depending on the application you use, you may or may not have a choice of the color model. •...

  • Page 21: Optimizing For Output Type

    2-21 Choosing colors Optimizing for output type The Fiery can be used for on-demand color printing and for color proofing. On-demand color printing refers to those jobs for which the C9800 is the final print device. Printing jobs to the Fiery in preparation for printing on an offset press is referred to as color proofing.

  • Page 22: Maintaining Color Accuracy

    2-22 Using Color Management Workflows The Fiery allows you to use CMYK data when printing proofs for an offset press run. However, sending data to an imagesetter usually requires CMYK data. Maintaining color accuracy For the colors you see on your monitor to match those on your printed output, they must go through color management, including precise calibration of your monitor and...

  • Page 23: Chapter 3: Managing Color In Office Applications

    3-23 Using office applications The ColorWise color management system provides complete color management for Chapter 3: jobs printed from office applications and other applications that do not generate Managing Color PostScript. This chapter provides instructions for printing color documents from in Office Graphics Device Interface (GDI) QuickDraw...

  • Page 24: Using Color Matching Tools With Office Applications

    3-24 Managing Color in Office Applications Using color matching tools with office applications Your Fiery user software includes two RGB color reference pages, a Microsoft Word file and a Microsoft PowerPoint file. You can print these files using different CRDs to see how the colors appear when printed to the Fiery.

  • Page 25: Working With Imported Files

    3-25 Working with office applications Office applications use low resolution to display EPS files, but the EPS images are printed at full resolution. In general, use EPS files only when RGB colors are impractical in your specific workflow. EPS files are useful when using large or complex images that must be printed at full resolution or exceed the memory allocation of some...

  • Page 26: Output Profiles

    3-26 Managing Color in Office Applications Because office applications send RGB data to the Fiery, your choice of RGB Source and Rendering Style settings are important. Specify the appropriate CRD for the desired color effect (see the Color Guide Chapter 1). Output profiles All color data in the job is affected by the output profile on the Fiery.

  • Page 27: Color Reference Guide For C9800

    4-27 Working with PostScript applications This chapter provides guidelines for using applications that have the ability to write Chapter 4: their own PostScript, such as some page layout, illustration, and pixel-editing Managing Color applications. For information about using specific applications, see “Managing Color in PostScript in Adobe Photoshop”...

  • Page 28: Using Color Matching Tools With Postscript Applications

    4-28 Managing Color in PostScript Applications Using color matching tools with PostScript applications With PostScript applications, you can work with colors created with any of the color models supported by the application. All PostScript applications support CMYK; some also support RGB and other color models based on monitor display values. PostScript applications also allow you to choose named colors using one or more color libraries, such as PANTONE (see page...

  • Page 29: Using The Cmyk Color Reference

    4-29 Using color matching tools with PostScript applications Using the CMYK Color Reference Use the CMYK Color Reference included with your Fiery user software to see how various cyan, magenta, yellow, and black combinations look when printed on your C9800. To print the CMYK Color Reference, download the file to the Fiery.
  • Page 30 4-30 Managing Color in PostScript Applications • —Prints swatches of the CMYK equivalents of PANTONE Spot Color Matching Off colors as defined by PANTONE. (These are the same CMYK values defined in applications that include PANTONE libraries.) The CMYK values used to produce the color, as well as the PANTONE color name/number, are printed below each swatch.

  • Page 31: Defining Colors

    4-31 Defining colors Defining colors The methods and options available for defining colors depend on the type of PostScript application that you are using. Color Application Color definition notes model type Photoshop In Photoshop you can choose colors with various color models, including HSB, CIE Lab, RGB, and CMYK.
  • Page 32 4-32 Managing Color in PostScript Applications Color Application Color definition notes model type Photoshop Choose colors in Photoshop with various color models, including HSB, CIE Lab, RGB, and CMYK. Page layout If the application allows you to define colors in RGB, determine application whether it converts the RGB data to CMYK before sending it to the Fiery.

  • Page 33: Working With Imported Images

    4-33 Working with imported images Working with imported images You can import images into documents created in illustration applications (such as Illustrator) and page layout applications (such as QuarkXPress). The recommended formats for images imported into page layout documents are (or EPSF) and TIFF.

  • Page 34: Using Cmyk Simulations

    4-34 Managing Color in PostScript Applications Using CMYK simulations You can specify a CMYK Simulation profile and a CMYK simulation method for a job using the CMYK Simulation Profile and CMYK Simulation Method print options (see the Color Guide Chapter 1). The CMYK Simulation setting affects all CMYK color data sent by the page layout or illustration application.

  • Page 35: Ensuring Color Accuracy When You Save A File

    4-35 Ensuring color accuracy when you save a file The Frequency and Angle settings in the Application Defined halftone screen are used regardless of whether the setting for Combine Separations is set to On or Off. For special instructions for printing separations with Photoshop, see “Selecting options when printing”...

  • Page 36: Chapter 5: Managing Color In Adobe Photoshop

    5-36 Specifying color settings This chapter covers features of Adobe Photoshop versions 7.x and 6.x for Windows Chapter 5: and Mac OS. The illustrations show Mac OS dialog boxes, but the information and Managing Color instructions apply equally to the Windows version of Photoshop. in Adobe Photoshop Because Photoshop uses a sophisticated color management system, you should perform...
  • Page 37 5-37 Specifying color settings In Advanced Mode, a more extensive list of options is displayed. 3. Choose the desired working space profile for each color mode in the Working Spaces area. A working space specifies the color profile for documents that have no color profile associations or for documents that are newly created.
  • Page 38 5-38 Managing Color in Adobe Photoshop Choose an appropriate ICC profile to embed when saving a file for each color space. Use the following guidelines for specifying working spaces: • For RGB, choose the profile for the default RGB color space used by the Fiery. In most cases, this is EFIRGB.
  • Page 39 5-39 Specifying color settings 5. If you do not choose Off for the Color Management Policies, select Profile Mismatches: Ask When Opening, Ask When Pasting, and Missing Profiles: Ask When Opening. This option displays an alert message that allows you to override the specified policy behavior (Off ) when opening documents or importing color data.

  • Page 40: Saving Files From Photoshop

    5-40 Managing Color in Adobe Photoshop Saving files from Photoshop Before saving a file from Photoshop, perform any necessary rotating, cropping, and resizing. This speeds processing when printing from the application in which the image is placed. When saving a document from Photoshop 6.x, you have the option to embed a color profile in the document.
  • Page 41 5-41 Saving files from Photoshop O SAVE A DOCUMENT FROM HOTOSHOP 1. Choose Save As from the File menu. The Save As dialog box appears. 2. Specify settings in the Save As dialog box. • Specify a name, file format, and location for the document. •...
  • Page 42 5-42 Managing Color in Adobe Photoshop 3. Click Save. If you chose Photoshop EPS as the format, the EPS Options dialog box appears. 4. Specify EPS options and click OK. • Choose a TIFF preview option. A TIFF preview is compatible with both Windows and Mac OS computers.

  • Page 43: Selecting Options When Printing

    5-43 Selecting options when printing Selecting options when printing You can print CMYK images from Photoshop. • When you print an RGB image, you choose whether the conversion to CMYK is performed by the Fiery (using a CRD), PostScript (using PostScript Color Management), or Photoshop built-in color management.
  • Page 44 5-44 Managing Color in Adobe Photoshop 3. Select Output. 4. Choose an Encoding method. If you choose JPEG encoding, save a backup of the original image with binary encoding until you see the printed results of the JPEG file. Occasionally, the compression used for JPEG encoding produces unwanted artifacts.
  • Page 45 5-45 Selecting options when printing O PRINT IMAGES FROM HOTOSHOP 1. Choose Print from the File menu. The Print dialog box appears. Photoshop 6.x 2. Choose the Fiery from the Printer menu, and then choose Adobe Photoshop from the pop-up menu. 3.

  • Page 46: Advanced Tips For Using Postscript Color Management

    5-46 Managing Color in Adobe Photoshop Advanced tips for using PostScript color management Use the following information to implement alternative, more complex, color workflows with Photoshop. To use PostScript color management with Photoshop 6.x, choose PostScript Color Management from the Profile menu in the Photoshop pane of the printer driver. Saving EPS documents with PostScript Color Management Selecting the PostScript Color Management option when saving either a CMYK or RGB EPS file prompts Photoshop to embed PostScript color information—which is...
  • Page 47 5-47 Selecting options when printing For fastest print times, choose JPEG encoding, but inspect printed output carefully for unwanted artifacts that may appear as a result of JPEG compression. If you see unexpected results in the printed output, reprint the job using Binary or ASCII encoding.
  • Page 48 5-48 Managing Color in Adobe Photoshop Photoshop converts spot colors to CMYK values when you work in CMYK mode. • If the graphic was separated for an offset press standard, apply the corresponding CMYK Simulation setting. For example, if the graphic is separated for SWOP, choose SWOP as the CMYK Simulation setting.

  • Page 49: Chapter 6: Managing Color In Page Layout Applications

    6-49 Adobe InDesign 2.0.1 and 1.5.2 This chapter provides instructions for printing color documents from Adobe Chapter 6: InDesign, Adobe PageMaker, and QuarkXPress. Managing Color in Page Layout Before printing from these applications, make sure the appropriate printer driver Applications and the Fiery PostScript printer description file (PPD) are installed on your computer, as described in the User Software Installation...
  • Page 50 6-50 Managing Color in Page Layout Applications 2.0.1 O DISABLE ESIGN COLOR MANAGEMENT 1. Choose Color Settings > Document Color Settings from the Edit menu. 2. Clear the Enable Color Management option and click OK. Color Reference Guide for C9800 - 50...

  • Page 51: Importing Images

    6-51 Adobe InDesign 2.0.1 and 1.5.2 1.52 O DISABLE ESIGN COLOR MANAGEMENT 1. Choose Color Settings > Document Color Settings from the Edit menu. 2. Clear the Enable Color Management option and click OK. Importing images All RGB images placed in a document, except for RGB TIFF images, are affected by your RGB Source and Rendering Style settings.
  • Page 52 6-52 Managing Color in Page Layout Applications 4. Choose Color Settings from the option menu. Make sure the Enable Color Management option is cleared, and click OK. 1.5.2 O DISABLE ESIGN COLOR MANAGEMENT WHEN IMPORTING IMAGES 1. Choose Place from the File menu. The Place dialog box appears.

  • Page 53: Selecting Options When Printing

    6-53 Adobe InDesign 2.0.1 and 1.5.2 Selecting options when printing You can use the standard Fiery printer driver interface to select print options from InDesign. 2.0.1 O SET PRINT OPTIONS FROM THE INDOWS VERSION OF ESIGN 1. Choose Print from the File menu. 2.
  • Page 54 6-54 Managing Color in Page Layout Applications 5. Click the Fiery Printing tab in the dialog box that appears. The standard printer driver interface for the Fiery appears. 6. Choose the desired print options. For information on setting ColorWise print options, see the Color Guide Chapter 1.
  • Page 55 6-55 Adobe InDesign 2.0.1 and 1.5.2 3. Click Printer. The AdobePS Print dialog box appears. 4. Choose Printer Specific Options. The Fiery print options appear. 5. Select the desired options. For information on setting ColorWise print options, see the Color Guide Chapter 1.
  • Page 56 6-56 Managing Color in Page Layout Applications 1.5.2 O SET PRINT OPTIONS FROM THE INDOWS VERSION OF ESIGN 1. Choose Print from the File menu. The Print dialog box appears. 2. Choose the Fiery from the Name menu. 3. Click Properties. 4.
  • Page 57 6-57 Adobe InDesign 2.0.1 and 1.5.2 1.5.2 O SET PRINT OPTIONS FROM THE VERSION OF ESIGN 1. Choose Print from the File menu. The Print dialog box appears. 2. Choose the Fiery from the Printer menu. 3. Choose Printer Specific Options. The Fiery print options appear.

  • Page 58: Adobe Pagemaker 7.X And 6.5 For Mac Os And Windows

    6-58 Managing Color in Page Layout Applications Adobe PageMaker 7.x and 6.5 for Mac OS and Windows The Mac OS and Windows versions of PageMaker 7.x and 6.5 are essentially the same. The illustrations in this section show only the Windows version, except where differences exist between the two versions.

  • Page 59: Importing Images

    6-59 Adobe PageMaker 7.x and 6.5 for Mac OS and Windows Importing images All RGB images placed in a document are affected by your RGB Source and Rendering Style settings. For best results with placed images, use the instructions in “Working with imported images”...

  • Page 60: Using Optional Color Management From Pagemaker

    6-60 Managing Color in Page Layout Applications 4. If a document contains RGB placed images or colors defined in RGB that will not be separated to process colors, choose RGB Source and Rendering Style settings in the Print Features dialog box. If the document contains PANTONE colors, choose the appropriate Spot Color Matching setting.

  • Page 61: Selecting Options When Printing

    6-61 QuarkXPress 5.x and 4.x for Mac OS Selecting options when printing The following procedure provides instructions on printing files to the Fiery. O SET PRINT OPTIONS IN UARK RESS X OR 1. Choose the Fiery printer description name from the Printer Description menu in the Print dialog box.

  • Page 62: Windows Version Requirement

    6-62 Managing Color in Page Layout Applications Quark CMS converts RGB TIFF, JPEG, and PICT images to CMYK before sending color data to the Fiery. RGB Source and Rendering Style settings have no effect on this data unless you use Quark PrintRGB XTension, which outputs RGB TIFF image files without converting them to CMYK.
  • Page 63 6-63 QuarkXPress 5.x and 4.x for Mac OS Choose the Fiery Choose an output paper size Choose Binary Mac OS Choose output paper size Choose the Fiery Choose Binary Windows 2. If a document contains RGB-placed images or RGB colors that QuarkXPress will print without converting to CMYK, choose RGB Source and Rendering Style settings.

  • Page 64: Chapter 7: Managing Color In Illustration Applications

    7-64 Adobe Illustrator for Windows and Mac OS You can print directly from an illustration application or use it to create and save files Chapter 7: that will be imported into a page layout document. To print from an illustration Managing Color application, use the printer driver and print settings recommended in the Color Guide...

  • Page 65: Specifying Print Options

    7-65 Adobe Illustrator for Windows and Mac OS —Default color spaces to use when working with RGB and CMYK Working spaces documents. ICC color profiles describe the gamut and color characteristics of these working spaces. —Instructions that tell Illustrator what to do when it Color management policies encounters color data from a color space other than the specified working space.
  • Page 66 7-66 Managing Color in Illustration Applications 3. Choose the desired working space profile for each mode in the Working Spaces area. Use the following guidelines for specifying working spaces: • For RGB, choose EFIRGB. This profile represents the default RGB color space used by the Fiery.

  • Page 67: Saving Files For Importing Into Other Documents

    7-67 Adobe Illustrator for Windows and Mac OS Saving files for importing into other documents When saving files in Illustrator for importing into other types of documents, use the EPS file format. Illustrator can save color information in both RGB and CMYK. The ColorWise RGB Source and Rendering Style settings affect color output of RGB artwork saved in Illustrator EPS and imported into other kinds of documents (even when both RGB and CMYK artwork exists in the same file).
  • Page 68 7-68 Managing Color in Illustration Applications Click Properties Select the device name to set print options Choose Composite Illustrator 10.x for Windows Color Reference Guide for C9800 - 68...
  • Page 69 7-69 Adobe Illustrator for Windows and Mac OS Select the device name Click Properties to set print options Choose Composite Choose PostScript Level 2 or 3 Illustrator 8.x and 9.x for Windows 3. For the Mac OS version of Illustrator, specify appropriate print options. •...
  • Page 70 7-70 Managing Color in Illustration Applications Choose Composite Illustrator 10.x for Mac OS Choose Composite Choose PostScript Level 3 Illustrator 8.x and 9.x for Mac OS Color Reference Guide for C9800 - 70...

  • Page 71: Using Illustrator Color Management

    7-71 FreeHand 10.x, 9.x, and 8.x for Windows and Mac OS 4. If necessary, click Properties (Windows) or choose Printer Specific Options from the option menu (Mac OS) and choose RGB Source and Rendering Style settings for the Fiery. You only need to specify these settings if you have a CMYK document containing placed RGB images, or an RGB document in Illustrator 9.x.

  • Page 72: Defining Colors

    7-72 Managing Color in Illustration Applications O DISABLE COLOR MANAGEMENT IN 1. Choose Preferences from the File menu. 2. Click the Colors category in the Preferences dialog box. Click Colors to access the color management settings 3. Choose None for the type of color management. Defining colors Any colors defined in FreeHand are sent to the device in CMYK—even those defined using other color models.

  • Page 73: Importing Images

    7-73 FreeHand 10.x, 9.x, and 8.x for Windows and Mac OS Importing images A number of file types can be imported into FreeHand, but once imported, all are treated as EPS images, TIFF images, or editable paths. For details, see your FreeHand documentation.

  • Page 74: Selecting Options When Printing

    7-74 Managing Color in Illustration Applications Selecting options when printing O SET OPTIONS WHEN PRINTING FROM 1. Select the Use PPD option in the Print dialog box. Click to access Choose Normal FreeHand Print Setup Click to select a printer description (Name appears at right) 2.

  • Page 75: Optional Color Management In Freehand

    7-75 FreeHand 10.x, 9.x, and 8.x for Windows and Mac OS 4. Make sure the “Convert RGB to process” option is cleared. If this option is selected, FreeHand color management settings are used to convert RGB colors and RGB TIFF, PICT, and JPEG images to CMYK. 5.

  • Page 76: Coreldraw For Windows And Mac Os

    7-76 Managing Color in Illustration Applications CorelDRAW for Windows and Mac OS The following sections describe the recommended color settings for CorelDRAW 9.x and 8.x. Defining colors Any colors defined in CorelDRAW 9.x for Windows or CorelDRAW 8.x for Mac OS are sent to the device in CMYK—even those defined using other color models.

  • Page 77: Specifying Print Options

    7-77 CorelDRAW for Windows and Mac OS Specifying print options The following procedure outlines how to set print options when printing from CorelDRAW to the Fiery. DRAW O SET PRINT OPTIONS IN OREL 1. On Windows computers, click the General tab, and then click Print. 2.

  • Page 78: Optional Color Management In Coreldraw

    7-78 Managing Color in Illustration Applications To use ColorWise color management, make sure the “Use color profile” option on the Misc tab of the Print dialog box is cleared. If this option is selected, CorelDRAW color management settings are used to convert RGB colors and images to CMYK. Clear this option to use ColorWise Color Management 5.

  • Page 79: Appendix 8: Desktop Color Primer

    8-79 Desktop Color Primer This appendix covers concepts that are basic to printing in color, including: Appendix 8: Desktop • Properties of color Color Primer • Printing techniques • Effective use of color • Raster images and vector graphics • File optimization for processing and printing If you are already familiar with color theory and digital color printing, you can skip to the last section (“Optimizing files for processing and printing”...
  • Page 80 8-80 Desktop Color Primer Like the sun, most light sources we encounter in our daily environment emit a mixture of light wavelengths, although the particular distribution of wavelengths can vary considerably. Light from a tungsten light bulb, for example, contains much less blue light than sunlight.

  • Page 81: Cie Color Model

    8-81 Desktop Color Primer CIE color model In the 1930s, the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) defined a standard color space, a way of defining colors in mathematical terms, to help in the communication of color information. This color space is based on research on the nature of color perception.

  • Page 82: Hue, Saturation, And Brightness

    8-82 Desktop Color Primer Hue, saturation, and brightness A color can be described in terms of three varying characteristics, called the color model: • Hue—tint (the qualitative aspect of a color—red, green, or orange) • Saturation—the purity of the color •...

  • Page 83: Additive And Subtractive Color Systems

    8-83 Desktop Color Primer Many computer applications include dialog boxes in which you choose colors by manipulating hue, saturation, and brightness. For example, some applications use a color picker that can be reconfigured according to your preference (as shown below). Additive and subtractive color systems Color devices used in desktop publishing and printing simulate the range of visible colors using a set of primary colors that are combined to create other colors.
  • Page 84 8-84 Desktop Color Primer Additive (RGB) color Color devices that use the additive color model create a range of colors by combining varying amounts of red, green, and blue light. These colors are called the additive primaries (shown in the following figure). White is created by adding the maximum amount of red, green, and blue light available.
  • Page 85 8-85 Desktop Color Primer subtractive primariesare cyan, magenta, and yellow; they absorb red, green, and blue light, respectively (as shown in the following figure). Combining any two subtractive primaries creates a new color that is relatively pure or saturated. For example, you can make red by combining magenta and yellow, which absorb green and blue light, respectively.

  • Page 86: Understanding Color Gamut

    8-86 Desktop Color Primer Understanding color gamut Different color reproduction techniques have different color capabilities, or gamuts. Color transparency films have comparatively large gamuts, as do color monitors. The color gamut that can be produced using process inks or CMYK toners on paper is smaller.

  • Page 87: Printing Techniques

    8-87 Desktop Color Primer Printing techniques Until recently, most color printing was done on printing presses using one of several printing techniques—offset lithography, flexography, or gravure, to name a few. All traditional printing techniques require lengthy preparation before a press run can take place.

  • Page 88: Using Color Effectively

    8-88 Desktop Color Primer Even if your color printing is done exclusively on the Fiery, you will encounter concepts from offset printing if you use high-end graphics applications. For example, color controls in illustration applications, such as Adobe Illustrator, are geared toward specifying color for offset printing using process and spot colors.

  • Page 89: Color Wheel

    8-89 Desktop Color Primer Color wheel A color wheel like the one in the following figure is a helpful tool for understanding the interrelation of colors. The colors on one side of the color wheel, from magenta to yellow, appear to most people to be warm colors, while those on the other side, from green to blue, appear to be cool.
  • Page 90 8-90 Desktop Color Primer Colors opposite one another on the color wheel are called complements (see example a in the following figure), and create a striking contrast side by side. This can be the basis for a bold graphical design, but it is an effect you should use with discretion, since it can be visually fatiguing.
  • Page 91 8-91 Desktop Color Primer Once you have mastered the concept of the color wheel, you have a good framework for experimenting with color combinations. Many books targeted at graphic designers show groups of preselected color combinations. Some are organized by themes or moods, and some are based on a custom color system, such as PANTONE.

  • Page 92: Color And Text

    8-92 Desktop Color Primer Color and text It is not a coincidence that the overwhelming majority of text you see is printed in black on white paper. Text in black on white is highly legible and is not fatiguing to read for extended periods.

  • Page 93: Raster Images And Vector Graphics

    8-93 Desktop Color Primer When using color text, keep in mind that small font sizes typically do not print in color with the same sharpness as in black. In most applications, black text prints exclusively in black toner, while color text usually prints with two or more toners. Any misregistration between the different toners on paper causes color text to lose definition.

  • Page 94: Optimizing Files For Processing And Printing

    8-94 Desktop Color Primer drawing applications, such as Illustrator and CorelDRAW. Page layout applications, such as QuarkXPress, also allow you to create simple vector artwork with their drawing tools. PostScript fonts are vector-based, as well. Vector artwork is resolution-independent; it can be scaled to any size and resolution without danger of pixels becoming visible in printed output.
  • Page 95 8-95 Desktop Color Primer Beyond a certain threshold, a higher image resolution greatly increases file size while having a minimal effect on output quality. The optimal image resolution depends on the resolution of the final print device. Aim for the resolution that optimizes both file size and output quality.

  • Page 96: Scaling

    8-96 Desktop Color Primer Print the files and examine the output. You will likely begin to see a marked deterioration in output quality at resolutions below 200 ppi, while above 200 ppi the improvement may be very subtle. Image quality 100 ppi 200 ppi 300 ppi...

  • Page 97: Glossary

    Glossary Glossary additive color model bitmap (or raster) A system in which colors are produced An image comprised of small squares by combining red, green, and blue light arranged in a grid. Each square in the (the additive primaries). An RGB video grid is a pixel.
  • Page 98 G-98 Glossary CMYK models and are device-independent (that A subtractive color model that uses cyan, is, not based on the color response of a magenta, yellow, and black, or process particular device). See gamut. colors, used in color printing; a color colorant model used in the printing of colors in An ink, dye, toner, paint, or other...
  • Page 99 G-99 Glossary CRD (Color Rendering Dictionary) density A feature of color management systems A measurement of the light-absorbing and PostScript Level 2 and PostScript 3 quality of a photographic or printed color devices that maintains the best image. possible translation of color from one desktop color separation color device to another.
  • Page 100 G-100 Glossary gamut gravure A range of colors. A device gamut is the A printing technology that uses an range of colors that a device, such as a etched cylinder that has been immersed device, can produce. An image gamut is in ink.
  • Page 101 G-101 Glossary current device. The ideal is often named color A color that is defined according to a provided by the manufacturer as a color reference file. ICC profiles are custom color system. For example, implemented on Mac OS computers in PANTONE 107 C is a named color.
  • Page 102 G-102 Glossary pixel process colors The smallest distinct element of a raster The colors used in printing to simulate image. The term is a combination of the full-spectrum color images: Cyan, words “picture” and “element.” Magenta, Yellow, blacK (CMYK). PostScript profile A device-independent page description Systematically describes how a color...
  • Page 103 G-103 Glossary spectrophotometer An additive color model that makes a An instrument commonly used in the range of colors by combining red, green, graphic arts industry to measure spectral and blue light, called the additive light according to a specified standard. primaries.
  • Page 104 G-104 Glossary SWOP workflow The abbreviation for Specifications for The path a print job follows from Web Offset Publications. A standard of creation to destination. A workflow may specifications for separations, proofs, originate with an RGB scan imported to and color printing on a web offset press the client workstation and opened on the (not a sheet fed press).

  • Page 105: Bibliography

    Bibliography Books Adobe Print Publishing Guide. Adobe Press, 1998. ISBN: 1568304684 Blatner, David and Fraser, Bruce. Real World Adobe Photoshop 7. Berkeley: Peachpit Press, 2002. ISBN: 0321115600 Bruno, Michael H., ed. Pocket Pal ® : A Graphic Arts Production Handbook. Eighteenth Edition.

  • Page 106: Index

    Index Index controlling printing results 2-19 conversion by color management accent color 8-88 systems 1-12 additive color model 8-83 custom color systems 4-27 additive primaries 8-84 defining in PostScript applications 4-31 Adobe HSB model 4-27, 8-82 Adobe (ACE) conversion option HSL model 3-23, 4-27 Illustrator 7-66 HSV model 3-23...
  • Page 107 I-107 Index ColorWise 1-12, 1-14 with CorelDRAW 7-76 advantages 1-14 with FreeHand 7-73 Combine Separations, Photoshop 5-43 with illustration applications 7-64 Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage, see with Illustrator 7-67 with Photoshop 5-40 complements, color 8-90 EPS CMYK compression, JPEG 5-42, 5-44, 5-45, 5-47 FreeHand 7-73 computer monitors, see monitors Photoshop 5-47...
  • Page 108 I-108 Index ICC standard for color management color conversion 1-13 systems 1-12 with office applications 3-26 illustration applications 7-64 Illustrator 4-27, 7-64 to 7-67 page layout applications 6-49 Image Color Matching 1-12 PageMaker 4-27, 6-58 to 6-60 InDesign 6-49 to 6-57 PageMaker, see PageMaker International Color Consortium 1-12 painting applications 8-93...
  • Page 109 I-109 Index Profile, Photoshop setting 5-44 Spot Color Matching option profiles, device 1-12 with Photoshop 5-47 proofing with PostScript applications 4-29 color 2-21 spot colors 4-27, 4-28, 8-88 prepress 8-87 sRGB 5-38 subtractive color model 8-83, 8-84 subtractive primaries 8-85 Quark CMS XTension 6-61 sunlight 8-79 QuarkXPress 4-27, 6-60 to 6-63...

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