Hanna Instruments HI 93414 Instruction Manual
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Hanna Instruments HI 93414 Instruction Manual

Turbidity and free/total chlorine meter
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Instruction Manual
HI 93414
Turbidity and Free/Total Chlorine
Meter
w w w. h a n n a i n s t . c o m
1

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  • Page 1 Instruction Manual HI 93414 Turbidity and Free/Total Chlorine Meter w w w. h a n n a i n s t . c o m...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    Dear Customer, Thank you for choosing a Hanna Instruments product. This manual will provide you with the necessary information for correct use of the instrument. Please read this instruction manual carefully before using the instrument. If you need additional technical information, do not hesitate to e-mail us at tech@hannainst.com or see the back side of this manual for our worldwide sales and technical service contacts.

  • Page 3: Preliminary Examination

    PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Please examine this Product carefully. Make sure the instrument is not damaged. If any damage has occurred during the shipment, please notify your dealer. This HI 93414 Portable Turbidity and Free/Total Chlorine meter is supplied complete with: • Five Sample Cuvets and Caps •...

  • Page 4: General Description

    GENERAL DESCRIPTION GENERAL DESCRIPTION HI 93414 is a high accuracy, combined meter that benefits from Hanna’s years of experience as manufacturer of analytical instruments. The HI 93414 successfully combines turbidity and colorimetric measurements to meet the needs of measuring the most important parameters of drinking water: turbidity and free/total chlorine. The meter is especially designed for water quality measurements, providing reliable and accurate readings on low turbidity and chlorine values.

  • Page 5: Tag Identification System

    The instrument also provides a logging function. Up to 200 measurements can be stored in the internal memory and consulted at any time. In order to further store and analyse, the data can be downloaded to a PC using one of the available ports: RS232 or USB. For advanced field applications, the HI 93414 combined meter is equipped with Tag Identification System (TIS) that make data collecting and management simpler than ever.

  • Page 6: Principle Of Operation

    PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION TURBIDIMETER Turbidity of water is an optical property that causes light to be scattered and absorbed, rather than transmitted. The scattering of the light that passes through a liquid is primarily caused by the suspended solids. The higher the turbidity, the greater the amount of scattered light. Because even the molecules in a very pure fluid scatter light to a certain degree, no solution will have zero turbidity.
  • Page 7 MEASUREMENT UNITS Many methods were used to measure turbidity over the years. The Jackson Candle Turbidimeter was used to measure turbidity as Jackson turbidity units (JTU). The Secchi Disk is commonly used to measure turbidity in lakes and other deep waters (mg/L SiO ).
  • Page 8 Therefore, the concentration “c” can be calculated from the absorbance of the substance as the other factors are known. Photometric chemical analysis is based on the possibility to develop an absorbing compound from a specific chemical reaction between sample and reagents. Given that the absorption of a compound strictly depends on the wavelength of the incident light beam, a narrow spectral bandwidth should be selected as well as a proper central wavelength to optimize measurements.

  • Page 9: Functional Description

    FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION 1) Cuvet Lid. Close the cuvet lid prior to start a measurement. 2) Cuvet Holder. Insert the cuvet into the holder with the cuvet mark matching the case mark. 3) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The LCD has backlight for better visibility in dark environments. 4) Keypad.
  • Page 10 8) ON/OFF, press to turn the instrument ON/OFF. If no key is pressed for more than 15 minutes, the instrument automatically shuts off. 9) RANGE , press to change the range. You can choose between turbidimeter or free or total chlorine range.
  • Page 11 DISPLAY DESCRIPTION 1) Battery icon. When the instrument is powered by batteries, at the start of the instrument, the remaining battery life is displayed along with the battery icon. When blinking, the batteries are almost empty and need to be replaced. 2) Wait icon.

  • Page 12: Specifications

    SPECIFICATIONS Turbidity Range 0.00 to 9.99; 10.0 to 99.9 and 100 to 1000 NTU Range selection Automatically Resolution 0.01 NTU from 0.00 to 9.99 NTU; 0.1 NTU from 10.0 to 99.9 NTU; 1 NTU from 100 to 1000 NTU Accuracy ±2% of reading plus 0.02 NTU Repeatibility ±1% of reading or 0.02 NTU, whichever is greater...
  • Page 13 Other Light Source Tungsten filament lamp Lamp life greater than 100,000 readings Display 60 x 90mm LCD with backlight LOG Memory 200 records Serial Interface RS232 or USB 1.1 Environment to 50°C (122°F); max 95% RH non-condensing Power supply 4 x 1.5V AA alkaline batteries or AC adapter Auto Shut-off After 15 minutes of non-use Dimensions...

  • Page 14: General Tips For An Accurate Measurement

    GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT HI 93414 is a highly accurate combined meter for some very important drinking water parameters: turbidity and free & total chlorine. To meet the instrument’s performance and fully benefit of its features, it is very important for the analyst to use proper measurement techniques for accurate, precise and repeatable readings.
  • Page 15 CUVET OILING (TURBIDITY only) Warning: For colorimetric measurements the cuvet should be completely free of any trace of oil. Do not use the oiling procedure for colorimetric measurements. To hide minor imperfections and scratches, the cuvets should be oiled outside with the supplied silicone oil. This is very important, especially for low turbidity samples (<...
  • Page 16 In order to index a cuvet follow the next steps: • Fill the cuvet with high quality water (<0.1 NTU) up to the 10 mL mark. • Clean and oil the cuvet as described before. • Turn the instrument ON. •...
  • Page 17 MATCHING MULTIPLE CUVETS Precise measurements require the use of a single cuvet. If it is not possible, cuvet selection and matching must be performed before taking measurements. In order to match multiple cuvets follow the next steps: • Fill some cuvets with high quality water (<0.1NTU) up to the 10 mL mark.
  • Page 18 • Open the instrument lid, slightly rotate the cuvet and take a new reading. • Repeat the last step for the second cuvet until the reading is within 0.01 NTU of the value obtained for the first cuvet. • Alternatively, keep the READ/TIMER pressed and, after the first value is displayed, open the lid and start rotating the cuvet until the read value matches the first cuvet.
  • Page 19 APPLICATION OF VACUUM Vacuum works by decreasing the atmospheric pressure. In this way the bubbles from the solution came out to the surface. Application of vacuum is a very simple procedure and can be applied with any vacuum source at hand. The simplest equipment at hand is a syringe and a rubber stopper for vacuum degassing.
  • Page 20 HEATING THE SAMPLE Use of heat to remove air bubbles, although very effective in some cases, should be handled with care because it can alter the turbidity of the sample. When heating a sample, the volatile components from the sample can vaporize, the suspended components can dissolve or the sample characteristics can change.

  • Page 21: Range Selection

    RANGE SELECTION The HI 93414 instrument has three measurement ranges: • Turbidity from 0.00 to 1000 NTU • Free chlorine from 0.00 to 5.00 mg/L • Total chlorine from 0.00 to 5.00 mg/L At startup, the instrument shows for one second the range on the LCD. The startup range is the last one used before turning off the instrument.

  • Page 22: Measurement Procedure

    MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE When taking turbidity, free or total chlorine measurements, several basic rules should be followed: • Always use cuvets without scratches or cracks because they can cause inaccurate readings. • Always cap the cuvets to avoid spillage of the sample into the instrument. •...
  • Page 23 NORMAL MEASUREMENT This type of measurement can be used for regular readings, when the sample is stable and normal accuracy is required. In normal measurement mode, the lamp is ON for a minimum period of time (about 7 seconds), saving the battery life. Normal measurement takes about 10 seconds. If normal measurement is selected, the “AVG”...
  • Page 24 • Press READ/TIMER to start the average reading. The display will show blinking dashes and the icons for cuvet, detectors and lamp will appear during measurement. When a new intermediate value is displayed, the cuvet icon and the measurement unit will briefly blink. When the measurement is ended, the final averaged result is displayed directly in NTU.
  • Page 25 FREE AND TOTAL CHLORINE MEASUREMENT To take colorimetric measurements follow next steps: • Turn the instrument on by pressing ON/OFF. Assure that the correct range is selected by paying attention to the startup message or to the measuring units. When dashes are displayed on the LCD, the instrument is ready.
  • Page 26 SINGLE SAMPLE READ • Remove the cuvet from the instrument. • Remove the cap. • Add the content of one packet of the specific test reagent, for: Free Chlorine Total Chlorine 1 packet of 1 packet of HI 93701-0 HI 93711-0 •...
  • Page 27 MULTIPLE SAMPLES READ • Place the second cuvet with the reacted sample into the holder and ensure that the mark on the glass is matched with the mark on the instrument top. • Hold READ/TIMER for 3 seconds. The display will show the hourglass blinking and the countdown prior to measurement.

  • Page 28: Calibration Procedure

    CALIBRATION PROCEDURE TURBIDIMETER CALIBRATION HI 93414 has a powerful calibration function that compensates for lamp aging or changing. The calibration can be done using the suplied calibration solutions or user prepared standards. HI 93414 turbidimeter is supplied with 4 AMCO standards –<0.1 NTU, 15 NTU, 100 NTU and 750 NTU.
  • Page 29 TWO-POINT CALIBRATION • Turn the instrument ON by pressing ON/OFF. If you are not in turbidity range, first select the range. If you are in turbidity range, when dashes are displayed on the LCD, the instrument is ready. The current time appears on the secondary LCD, if selected in SETUP menu or “turb”, if the time is not displayed.
  • Page 30 • Close the lid and press READ/TIMER . The display will show blinking dashes and the icons for cuvet, detectors and lamp will appear during measurement. • At the end of the measurement, the third calibration point (100 NTU) is displayed on the primary LCD and “CAL P.3”...
  • Page 31 FOUR-POINT CALIBRATION To perform a four-point calibration, continue the procedure with the following steps: • Remove the third standard cuvet. • Place the 750 NTU standard cuvet (or the fourth prepared formazin standard) into the holder, with the cuvet mark aligned with the sign on the instrument top.
  • Page 32 • If the calculated calibration coefficients are outside a certain range the “CAL Err” message is displayed. CALIBRATION DELETION HI 93414 is factory calibrated. It is possible to restore factory calibration by deleting the last performed calibration. To delete last calibration, follow the next steps: •...
  • Page 33 COLORIMETER CALIBRATION The HI 93414 free and total chlorine colorimeter has a powerful CAL CHECK function that allows the user to check the instrument calibration against a NIST traceable standard before making a set of measurements. With the same standard, the instrument could be re-calibrated, if necessary. Note: Free and total chlorine must be calibrated separately.
  • Page 34 • Remove the cuvet. • Place the CAL CHECK™ Standard cuvet B into the holder. Make sure that the mark on the glass is aligned with the mark on the instrument top. • Press CAL/CHECK. The LCD will display blinking dashes and the measuring icon during check measurement.
  • Page 35 • Press and hold CAL/CHECK for 3 seconds to enter calibration. The LCD will show “CAL” tag and the parameter for which the calibration is performed. • Place the CAL CHECK™ Standard Cuvet A into the holder and ensure that the mark on the cuvet is aligned with the mark on the instrument top.
  • Page 36 CALIBRATION ERROR MESSAGES • The calibration is successfully performed if the CAL CHECK™ readings is in certain limits. If the CAL CHECK™ standard value is too high, the display will show “-HI-” on the primary display and “Err” on the secondary display. If this message appears, check if the correct cuvet was used.

  • Page 37: Logging

    L O G G I N G HI 93414 has a logging memory of 200 records. The log memory is unique for all ranges. The records are stored in chronological order. With each measurement, the range, date, time, and tag ID are stored.
  • Page 38 VIEW LOGGED DATA The stored records can be viewed at any moment by pressing RCL/GLP. To return to normal measurement mode press RCL/GLP again. LOG SEARCHING The log records are stored in chronological order. The first displayed record is the last stored one. •...
  • Page 39 • Measurement date in YYYY.MM.DD format. • Measurement time in hh:mm format. • Delete the last record panel (only for last record). • Delete all records. DELETE LAST RECORD To log other values, the last record or all records have to be deleted. •...

  • Page 40: Good Laboratory Practice (Glp)

    • The instrument asks for confirmation and if LOG/CFM is pressed, all records are deleted. To abort the delete function, press READ/TIMER instead of LOG/CFM. • After all records are deleted, dashes are displayed for one second on the LCD and the instrument returns to measurement mode.
  • Page 41 • Third calibration point - only for turbidimeter range (if available). • Fourth calibration point - only for turbidimeter range (if available). • Delete calibration panel. To delete last calibration: • Press SETUP/DEL while in the delete calibration panel of the GLP. The user calibration will be deleted and the factory calibration will be restored.

  • Page 42: Setup

    SETUP Setup mode allows viewing and modifying the instrument parameters. The blinking “CAL” tag during setup mode suggest to press CAL/CHECK for parameters editing. • To enter/exit SETUP, press SETUP/DEL. • To select the parameter to be edit, press UP or DOWN keys until the desired panel is displayed.
  • Page 43 SET BEEPER The HI 93414 has a built in beeper that signals the tag read, the key press and the error conditions. The beeper can be selected to be ON or OFF. • To set the beeper ON/OFF, press CAL/CHECK when set beeper panel is displayed.
  • Page 44 • To set the current date, press CAL/CHECK when set date panel is displayed. The date format is YYYY.MM.DD. The last two digits of the year value and “CFM” tag will start blinking. • Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the year value.
  • Page 45 • Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the hour value. • Press LOG/CFM or READ/TIMER to start editing the minutes. The minutes value will start blinking. • Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the minutes value. Note: To edit the hour again, after the minutes were edited, press READ/TIMER .

  • Page 46: Lcd Backlight

    SET BAUD RATE The HI 93414 has a RS232 and a USB link. When the USB connection is used, the RS232 connection becomes inactive. To successfully communicate with the PC, the same baud rate must be selected on the instrument and on the PC application.

  • Page 47: Tag Installation

    TAG INSTALLATION The tag is housed in a rugged metal that can withstand harsh environments. However, it is better to protect the tag from direct rain. Place the tag near a sampling point. Fix it securely with the provided screws, in such a way that the ®...

  • Page 48: Batteries Management

    BATTERIES MANAGEMENT For field measurements, HI 93414 is powered by 4 x 1.5V AA batteries. The battery life is enough for 1500 normal measurements. When the instrument is started, the remaining battery life is estimated and reported in percents. To preserve the battery it is better to use normal instead of averaged measurements.
  • Page 49 • Replace the cover and press it until it locks. • Turn the instrument ON. Warning: Replace batteries only in a non-hazardous area. USING AN AC ADAPTER The HI 93414 can be powered from the AC adapter when used in laboratory. See the Accessories section to select the correct AC adapter.

  • Page 50: Pc Interface

    PC INTERFACE To fully use the instrument tag identification system function, the measured data has to be downloaded to a computer. The instrument can use RS232 or USB connection to communicate with the PC. When using the RS232 protocol, simply connect a HI 920011 serial cable between the instrument and the computer.

  • Page 51: Accessories

    To avoid damage or burns, do not put the instrument in microwave ovens. For your own and the instrument safety do not use or store the instrument in hazardous environments. Hanna Instruments reserves the right to modify the design, construction and appearance of its products without advance notice.
  • Page 52 SALES AND TECHNICAL SERVICE CONTACTS Australia: Tel. (03) 9769.0666 • Fax (03) 9769.0699 China: Tel. (10) 88570068 • Fax (10) 88570060 Egypt: Tel. & Fax (02) 2758.683 Germany: Tel. (07851) 9129-0 • Fax (07851) 9129-99 Greece: Tel. (210) 823.5192 • Fax (210) 884.0210 Indonesia: Tel.

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