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Geokon 4150 Series Instruction Manual

Vibrating wire strain gauges

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Introduction
Figure 1: Model 4100 Vibrating Wire Strain Gauge
Figure 2: Model 4150 Vibrating Wire Strain Gauge
Figure 3: Model 4151 Vibrating Wire Strain Gauge
Preliminary Checks
Using a Readout
Using an Ohmmeter
Instrument Protection
Cable Splicing and Termination
Protection from Mechanical Damage
Securing Cables
Cover Plates
Figure 4: Model 4100 Cover Plate - Top View
Figure 5: Model 4150 Cover Plate - Top View
Figure 6: Cover Plate - End View
Cable and Connector Protection
Protection from Corrosion
Figure 7: Cover Plate Installation, Top View
Figure 8: Cover Plate Installation, Side View
Protection from Electrical Noise
Protection from Sunlight and Temperature Changes
Lightning Protection
Figure 9: Lightning Protection Scheme
Gauge Installation
Adjusting the Gauge Wire Tension
Installing the 4100/4150 Via Spot Welding
Prepare the Surface
Spot Weld Test Strips
Table 1: Guide to Initial Tension Settings
Spot Welding the 4100 Gauge
Spot Welding the 4150 Gauge
Figure 10: Peel Test
Figure 11: Spot-Welding Sequence, Outer Rows (4100)
Figure 12: Spot Welding Sequence, Outer Rows (4150)
Welding the Second End Piece
Installing Collar Shims
Figure 13: Spot Welding Sequence, Inner Rows
Figure 14: Using the Alignment Tool
Figure 15: Collar Shim
Figure 16: Welding the Collar Shim in Place
Figure 17: Completed Collar Shim
Installing the Plucking Coil Housing (Model 4100 Only)
Installing the Gauge Cover (Model 4150 Only)
Securing the 4150 Gauge Cable
Installing the 4100/4150 Via Epoxy Bonding
Figure 18: Spot Welded Cover Plate
Installing the 4151 Strain Gauge
Figure 19: Model 4151 Strain Gauge Installation
Gauge Location
End Effects
Welding Effects
Bending Moments
Figure 20: Strain Gauges Mounted on Central Web
Equation 1: Axial Stress Calculation
Equation 2: Stress Due to Bending on Axis Yy
Equation 3: Stress Due to Bending on Axis XX
Equation 4: Maximum Stress
Figure 21: Strain Gauges Mounted on Flanges
Figure 22: Axial Strain Measurement/Bending Moment about Yy Axis
Figure 23: Axial Strain and Bending Moment about XX Axis
Figure 24: Axial Strain and Bending Moment about Axis
Taking Readings
Strain Gauge Readout Positions
Gk-404 Vibrating Wire Readout
Operating the Gk-404
Figure 25: Gk-404 Readout
Figure 26: Lemo Connector to Gk-404
Table 2: Strain Gauge Readout Positions
Gk-405 Vibrating Wire Readout
Connecting Sensors with 10-Pin Bulkhead Connectors Attached
Connecting Sensors with Bare Leads
Operating the Gk-405
Figure 27: Gk-405 Readout
Measuring Temperatures
Data Reduction
Conversion of the Readings to Strain Changes
Converting Strains to Stresses
Equation 5: Theoretical Microstrain
Equation 6: Strain Calculation
Troubleshooting
Appendix A. Specifications
Vibrating Wire Strain Gauge
Thermistor
Figure 28: Gauge Assembly Dimensions
Figure 29: Cover Assembly Dimensions
Table 3: Specifications
Appendix B. Theory of Operation
Appendix C. Thermistor Temperature Derivation
3Kω Thermistor Resistance
Table 4: 3Kω Thermistor Resistance
Equation 7: 3Kω Thermistor Resistance
10Kω Thermistor Resistance
Table 5: 10Kω Thermistor Resistance
Equation 8: 10Kω Thermistor Resistance
Appendix D. Temperature Correction When Used on Concrete
Equation 9: Thermal Concrete Strains
Equation 10: Actual Strain
Equation 11: Strain Due to Load Changes Only
Appendix E. Temperature Effects
Equation 12: External Load Stress Only
Equation 13: Free Field Thermal Strains
Equation 14: Actual Strain
Appendix F. Calculations from Three Strain Gauges
Figure 30: Three Strain Gauges Mounted on a Circular Pipe
Equation 15: Average Axial Strain
Equation 16: Maximum Bending Strain Around the Yy Axis
Equation 17: Maximum Bending Strain Around the XX Axis
Equation 18: Maximum Strain
Appendix G. Model 4150-5 Extended Range Strain Gauge
Equation 19: Model 4150-5 Temperature Effects
Appendix H. Parts List
Table 6: Model 4100/4150 Series Model and Parts List

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Model 4100/4150 Series

Vibrating Wire Strain Gauges

Instruction Manual

Document Revision: HH | Release date: 04/12/21

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