pico Technology PicoVNA 106 User Manual

Vector network analyzers

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PicoVNA

Vector Network Analyzers

User's Guide

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Page 1 ® PicoVNA Vector Network Analyzers User's Guide pvug-8...
Page 2 Pico Technology. Protection provided by the product may be impaired if used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer.
Page 3 AC or DC voltage between the instrument’s ground and the point to which you intend to connect it.t it. CAUTION To prevent signal degradation caused by poor grounding, always use the high-quality USB cable supplied with the instrument. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 4: External Connections
The instrument contains a swept or CW radio frequency signal source (300 kHz to 6.02 GHz at +6 dBm max. for the PicoVNA 106, 300 kHz to 8.50 GHz at +6 dBm max. for the PicoVNA 108) The instrument and supplied accessories are designed to contain and not radiate (or be susceptible to) radio frequencies that could interfere with the operation of other equipment or radio control and communications.
Page 5: Care Of The Product
The product and accessories contain no user-serviceable parts. Repair, servicing and calibration require specialized test equipment and must only be performed by Pico Technology or an approved service provider. There may be a charge for these services unless covered by the Pico three-year warranty.
Page 6: Installing The Software
· Run the PicoVNA 3 software · Connect the E-Cal module to a spare USB port on the controlling PC · In the main menu, select Tools > Calibration kit · Click Electronic Cal kit pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 7 · Click Find and load EasyCal data · Upon completion select Exit · Then click Apply in the Calibration Kit Parameters menu Setting up calibration parameters · Click Calibration to open the Calibration window: pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 8: Calibration Tips
~90 dB dynamic range measurement Best dynamic range 10 Hz None +6 dBm Leave bandwidth set to 10 Hz during measurement. Refer to “Calibration for best dynamic range – minimizing the effect of crosstalk”. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 9: Running In Demo Mode
· To enter demo mode, run the PicoVNA 3 software with no instrument connected. · For demo mode, click Ignore in the dialog that appears. The software will then offer you a selection of demonstration measurements. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 10 PicoVNA 6 and 8.5 GHz Vector Network Analyzers Description Description The PicoVNA 106 and 108 are PC-driven vector network analyzers capable of direct measurement of forward and reverse parameters. The main characteristics are as follows: Model PicoVNA 106 PicoVNA 108 Operating frequency range 300 kHz to 6 GHz...
Page 11 PicoVNA 6 and 8.5 GHz Vector Network Analyzers Description Front panel of the PicoVNA 106 (PicoVNA 108 is similar) Back panel of the PicoVNA 106 (PicoVNA 108 is similar) pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 12 PicoVNA 6 and 8.5 GHz Vector Network Analyzers Description SOLT-STD-M/F and SOLT-PREM-M/F manual calibration standards SOLT-AUTO-M/F automatic (E-Cal) calibration standards pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 13 In reverse mode, the test signal is applied to the output of the DUT, and the Port2 receiver is used to measure the reflection from the output port of the DUT while the Port1 receiver measures the reverse transmission through the DUT. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 14 Forward S-parameters are determined by measuring the magnitude and phase of the incident, reflected and transmitted signals with the output terminated with a load that is equal to the characteristic impedance of the test system (see figure below). pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 16 4 and 5 S data, 6 and 7 S data, and 8 and 9 S data. The PicoVNA 106 and 108 can generate full set of 2-port parameters but you can choose to export either . s1p . s2p 1-port or full 2-port S-parameter files to suit most RF and microwave circuit simulators.
Page 17: Displaying Measurements
0 to ∞, fall within the outer circle. This has the advantage that impedance values can be read directly from the chart. The Smith chart pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 18 106 and 108 that have a full S-parameter test set can measure and correct all 12 systematic error terms. Six key sources of errors in forward measurement. Another six sources exist in the reverse measurement (not shown). pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 19: Other Measurements
If T is less than 1, there is loss in the DUT, which is usually referred to as insertion loss and expressed in decibels. A negative sign is included in the equation so that the insertion loss is quoted as a positive value: pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 20: Group Delay
When measuring group delay the aperture must be specified. Aperture is the frequency step size used in the differentiation. A small aperture will give more resolution but the displayed trace will be noisy. A larger aperture effectively averages the noise but reduces the resolution. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 21: Gain Compression
A similar technique is used to derive a TDT (Time Domain Transmission) signal from the transmitted signal data (S ). This can be used to measure the rise time of amplifiers, filters and other networks. The following provides a more detailed treatment of TDR and TDT. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 22 Also, by observing the position in time when the reflections arrive, it is possible to determine the distance to impedance discontinuities. Traditional TDR setup 4.7.7.1.1 Example: shorted 50 ohm transmission line Simplified representation of the response of a shorted line. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 24 A negative-going pulse indicates a connector with too much capacitance or damage to the cable, such as being crushed. Simplified representation of the response of a line discontinuity pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 25 PicoVNA 106 and 108 makes available special 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096-frequency-point calibrations with a stop frequency of up to 6000 MHz (PicoVNA 106) or 8500 MHz (PicoVNA 108). The resulting alias-free range is a function of the number of frequency points (N) and the total frequency span.
Page 26 This limits the maximum time delay and hence maximum cable length that can be observed. In the PicoVNA 106 this is 683 ns (approximately 138 m of cable) and in the PicoVNA 108 it is 481 ns (approximately 97 m of cable).
Page 27: Getting Started
Folder with data files to support the software · 5.2.1 Typical error messages On Windows 7 machines it is common to see the following error message: It is safe to click Ignore to continue the installation. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 28 ® need to install the Keysight IO Libraries Suite to support communication with external instruments through either the USB or GPIB interfaces. Please see www.keysight.com for details. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 29 SMA kits SOLT-STD-M and SOLT-STD-F or alternative calibration kits comprising: · Open circuit (2 pieces, one male and one female) · Short circuit (2 pieces, one male and one female) · Matched termination (2 pieces, one male and one female) pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 30 5.4.5 Short and open without models The PicoVNA 106 and 108 support short and open standards defined by data only. In this case the data is supplied in the form of a 201-frequency-points table. Each frequency point has three comma-separated entries: frequency (in MHz), real part of the reflection coefficient and the imaginary part of the reflection coefficient.
Page 31 Calibration kit editor The calibration kits optionally supplied with the PicoVNA 106 and 108 provide an economical solution while retaining good measurement accuracy. They are supplied with SMA or precision PC3.5 (SMA- compatible) connectors.
Page 32 Note: When a kit is loaded, any available matched load or thru adaptor data that is associated with the kit will be automatically loaded. The calibration kits available for the PicoVNA 106 and 108 come complete with matched load, short and open, and thru adaptor data. Copy these files to your computer for easy access.
Page 33 1.5 or 2 GHz and above may be a good idea. Note: The absolute value of L is not important. However, all L/2 sections shown must be identical and be exactly half the value of L. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 34 In this example we will use only one of the possible reference lines (‘Delays’) so we check just the box next to ‘Line 1’ to indicate that the cal kit has only one reference line. The Line 2 box is left unchecked as shown above. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 35 Finally, we enter the desired Kit name in the top left box and click Save Kit to save the file to disk. We would recommend indication of this being a TRL Kit with Open/Short reflect standards and possibly its Max frequency coverage within the file name. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 36: Operation
One, two or four plots can be displayed simultaneously. The plots can be configured to display the desired measurements. User interface window pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 37: Display Setup
Note: The Active Channel must be one of the displayed channels. The Display Set Up window is used to set up the measurements display · When finished, click Start in the main window to begin measurements pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 38 To type the values for reference value and vertical scale, hover the mouse over the number, right-click and type. To save the value, press enter or left-click. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 39: Data Markers
The markers set up form provides a Peak / Minimum Search facility. This places marker 1 at either the peak or minimum value on the displayed trace on the active channel when the corresponding Find button is pressed. The Markers Set Up dialog is used to display measurement markers pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 40 · Trace Smoothing (0 to 10%) · Bandwidth (140 kHz to 10 Hz) · Port 1 Level (+6 dBm to –20 dBm for PicoVNA 106, +10 dBm to –20 dBm for PicoVNA 108; 0.1 dB resolution) · CW sweep time per point (0.5 to 65 ms/point for PicoVNA 106, 0.5 to 220 ms/point for PicoVNA 108) ·...
Page 41 It takes the effective dielectric constant value entered to correct the displayed value. Refer to Reference plane extension and de-embedding for more details. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 42 Check External Zo match to indicate external matching networks in use iv. Enter 75 in the Convert System Zo value box and click Apply v. Proceed to calibrate using a 75 Ω calibration kit pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 43 The current displayed data on each channel can be stored in memory. Also, each channel can be stored independently of all others. The Memory Set Up window is used to store the data and this window can be displayed by clicking Memory in the main window. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 44 In addition a symbol is drawn on the trace indicating the last error point detected as shown in the second plot below. The alarm is available for all graph types except Smith plots. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 46: Status Panel
· Frequency step. Step size of sweep · Sweep points. Number of points in programmed sweep · Limit Lines alarm if any measurement exceed the set limits (temporarily replaces Calibration status) · Internal instrument temperature (PicoVNA 108 only) pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 47 The instrument supports either positive or negative edge trigger depending on the radio button selected on the main panel. The input impedance is 10 kΩ. Trigger selection radio button on main panel (PicoVNA 106) Trigger selection radio button on main panel (PicoVNA 108) Note that Save on Trigger works in +Ext, -Ext and Manual modes only.
Page 48 The instrument must be calibrated before any measurements can be carried out. This is done by loading a previous calibration (see File menu) or carrying a fresh calibration by clicking Calibration in the main window, which brings up the Calibration window as shown here: pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 49 The calibration process involves connecting each standard in turn and clicking. An asterisk will appear once it has been measured so that the next standard can be done. Note: For best results, ensure that the instrument is fully warmed up before carrying out a calibration. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 50 In order to obtain accurate DUT measurement data, the effect of the adaptor needs to be removed from the measurements. Some of the possible ways of doing this with the PicoVNA 106 and 108 are as follows: pvug-8...
Page 51 50 Ω loads. In some circumstances, such as when testing a highly reactive device (e.g. filter beyond cut-off), a short or an open circuit may be more appropriate or for best results two actual DUTs with 50 Ω loads at their unused ports. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 52 · For best accuracy calibrate using the same or lower bandwidth than you intend to use for your measurements · You can remeasure any standard at any stage before completing the calibration. Just reconnect the standard and click again on the appropriate Standard button before completing the calibration pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 53 – particularly at the isolation calibration step Pico E-Cal kits do not support this calibration mode. Use instead an 8 or 12 term calibration as below pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 54 9. An E-Cal calibration will complete application of required standards at 6. 7. and 8. automatically. 10.Click Apply (in Calibration window) 11.If desired, for later use, save calibration (File > Save Cal and Status) 12.Connect device to be tested and click Start pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 55 TRL reference line. This can be measured using the TDR facility in the PicoVNA 106 or 108. An example result, in terms of the line’s linear reflection coefficient, is shown in the figure below.
Page 56 4 GHz. The reason is that some of the crosstalk is dependent on the loading at the test ports. Therefore, the isolation calibration process can only compensate it fully when the terminations are left unchanged from those used at the isolation calibration step. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 57 Operation Enhanced isolation calibration The PicoVNA 106 and 108 provide an enhanced isolation calibration option. This method makes crosstalk measurements at the short, open and load calibration steps. In this way it attempts to more closely model the effect of port termination on the internal crosstalk components of the instrument.
Page 58 The E-Cal module is intended to be used for the calibration of the PicoVNA vector network analyzers. The module consists of a set of calibration Standards switched in by means of high frequency electronic switches. The figure below shows the arrangement. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 60 SMA connectors, for example. On the other hand, an insertable DUT is one with one female and one male connector. The available calibration arrangements (for the female connector version) are as follows: Use of the E-Cal module to support insertable DUTs with female connectors pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 61 PicoVNA UI software. Firstly, connect the E-Cal module to the host PC and, ideally, allow a few minutes for the indicator to turn green. Once the module is connected, the steps to load the data from the module are shown below. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 62 Calibration form and then click on any calibration Standard button. All Standards will be automatically measured. On completion click Apply Cal to exit the Calibration form. The VNA is now calibrated and ready for use. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 63: Return Loss
On the other hand, when using a 12-term calibration, this will minimize repeatability / cable flexing errors associated with the connecting cables. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 64 The PicoVNA 106 and 108 calculate the group delay by dividing the phase change between adjacent sweep points and dividing by the size of the sweep step. It is usual to apply some degree of trace smoothing to remove very rapidly changing perturbations from the trace.
Page 65: Time Domain Measurements
In TD mode, the plot markers display resistance and distance values for S and S , and distance values for S and S , as well as levels. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 66 Same as previous figure but using the Kaiser–Bessel window. The type of window, the order of the Kaiser–Bessel window, and the time span over which the signal is displayed can be selected in the TDR options window, shown below. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 67 Measured response of 50 cm shorted cable using Kaiser-Bessel fifth-order window The trace below shows the effect of increasing the order of the Kaiser–Bessel window to 10. The ripple has been completely removed but the slope of the edge has been further reduced. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 68 The last example is the same 50 Ω / 25 Ω cable combination but this time the termination is an open circuit. The response is also displayed over a longer period. Measured response of multiple reflections. See text for details. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 69 This technique is useful for measuring the step response or rise time of amplifiers, filters and other networks. Examples: Expected responses from simple RC networks Measured TDT for 100 pF series capacitor Measured TDT for 100 pF shunt capacitor pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 70 Powering active devices using the built-in bias-Ts The PicoVNA 106 and 108 include two bias-Ts, which can be used to provide DC bias to the measurement ports 1 and 2. The bias-Ts are rated at 250 mA and can support DC voltages up to 15 V. The DC injection terminals are type SMB, male, and are located on the front panel.
Page 71 S in decibels. The user-requested frequency for the plot is shown at the top. The settings for the measurement sweeps to be plotted can be specified as shown below. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 72 VNA and make allowance for the speed of the host PC and its operating system allocating USB communication resources and processing all data and graphics in time. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 73 As can be seen, the first column has the frequency value in MHz and subsequent columns contains the S value of the measurement sweeps captured. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 74 6.3.9 Mixer measurements (PicoVNA 108 only) The PicoVNA 106 and 108 can perform measurements on mixers (frequency conversion devices) with the use of an external LO source. The user interface software provides support for some commercially available instruments as well as power sensors (power meters) needed to carry out signal level calibration for improved measurement accuracy.
Page 75 One important advantage of return loss calibration is that the measured conversion loss will corrected for the effects, for example, of poor mixer return loss. This is sometimes referred to as VSWR correction and is illustrated in the second figure below. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 76 On completion of the measurement the variation of conversion loss with RF port power level and the 0.1 dB and 1 dB compression points are displayed. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 77 Conversion loss compression measurement dialog 6.3.10 Differential S11 measurements It is possible to use a full 2-port calibration to carry out differential reflection measurements. The differential reflection measurement connection arrangement is shown below: Differential reflection measurement connections pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 78 Reference plane extension and de-embedding The reference plane extension facility on the PicoVNA 106 and 108 allows you to shift the measurement reference plane away from the value set during calibration. This can be useful in removing the effect of interconnecting cables or microstrip lines from measurements.
Page 79 · Click Auto Ref in the Enhancement window · Click Apply in the Enhancement window Normalization for S correction · Connect the through microstrip test line between Ports 1 and 2 of the VNA pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 80 With careful design of the jig these can be kept acceptably small but further accuracy can be achieved by making use of the de-embedding facility described below. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 81 De-embedding allows the effects of the test jig’s input and output networks to be removed. The PicoVNA 106 and 108 allow you to specify S-parameter files (must be full 2-port data) for the input and output networks as shown in the figure above so that the de-embedding takes place automatically as the instrument measures the test jig.
Page 82: Saving Data
, so only the S and S data from the data file read will be copied to the memory traces of the displayed channels. Note: system impedance conversion will apply if turned on in Measurement enhancement window. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 83: Saving Graphics
P1dB AM to PM utilities. Instead, the graphics on these can be captured by pressing the Alt+PrtScr key combination. The image can then be pasted to the chosen document from the Edit menu. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 84 , or 12-term) calibration has been carried out · Connect Port 1 to Port 2 as shown on the left-hand side of the figure below · Enter Input Attenuation and Output Attenuation values (or select Read from file) pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 85 The instrument makes the measurement by setting the signal source (Port 1) frequency to the chosen value and then stepping its power from –20 to +3 dBm (PicoVNA 106) or to +6 dBm (PicoVNA 108) in 1 dB steps. The gain at each power setting is recorded. On completion of the power sweep, a second order curve is fitted over a narrow section centered on the point closest to the 1 dB gain compression point.
Page 86 The data is held in a simple text file with one line for each frequency point. The format must be as follows: Frequency (MHz), magnitude (dB), phase (degrees) Note: The number of lines in the file must match the number of sweep points in the sweep plan. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 87 On completion of the AM to PM test, a graph of AM to PM as a function of input power at the DUT input will be plotted. In addition, the AM to PM factor at the specified input power entered will be displayed in the text box in the Measure section of the window. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 88 +10 to -46 dBm, typically. Phase meter control window Phase meter utility display resolution The amplitude and phase displayed resolution is dependent on the receiver bandwidth selected as shown below. Bandwidth setting Display resolution > 1 kHz pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 89 SN10000X. s2p 5. Launch the compare data utility (Utility > Compare Data). 6. Load the PicoVNA 106 or 108 VNA uncertainty file. If all connections are made using PC3.5 test leads and cal kits, use: Instrument Uncertainty with Premium PC3. 5 leads. dat Otherwise use: Instrument Uncertainty with Pico Standard SMA leads.
Page 90 [ POLY] The same approach can be used to defining the phase uncertainty. That is, add the keyword after [ PHASE] keyword. The data compare utility resolves the total combined uncertainty as follows: pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 91 The sequence is shown below: Formally closing down the software saves the current calibration Closing the program by clicking the top right-hand X button will end the program without saving anything. A warning will be issued. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 92 Nonetheless, the uncertainty of the verification, given in the result from the compare utility, may be low enough for the application. If sufficient, the use of either TA430 or TA431 of course significantly reduces ownership costs and increases the regularity at which a verification can be made. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 93: Measurement Uncertainty
8.5º Freq > 2MHz 1.41 dB 14.14º 1.41 dB 14.14º –30 dB to –25 dB Freq < 2MHz 4.24 dB 28.3º 4.24 dB 28.3º Freq > 2MHz 3.54 dB 21.21º 3.54 dB 21.21º pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 94: Routine Maintenance
Front panel connectors Routinely inspect the Port 1 and Port 2 N-type connectors for signs of damage or dirt. Use connector- saver adaptors (male to female through) where frequent connection and disconnection are likely. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 95: Performance Specification
Normal, Δ marker, fixed marker, peak / min. hold, 3 dB and 6 dB bandwidth Signal source characteristics Frequency range PicoVNA 106: 300 kHz to 6.02 GHz PicoVNA 108: 300 kHz to 8.50 GHz Frequency setting resolution 10 Hz Frequency accuracy ±10 ppm (23 ±...
Page 96 Test ports terminated as during isolation calibration 4 to 6 GHz –110 –100 step PicoVNA 108 0.3 to 1 MHz –100 –90 1 MHz to 6 GHz –124 –110 6 to 8.5 GHz –120 –100 pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 97 PicoVNA 108: 0.006 Test port characteristics Load match Corrected: 40 dB min., 46 dB typ. Uncorrected: 16 dB (PicoVNA 106), 15 dB (PicoVNA 108) typ. uncorrected Source match Corrected: 40 dB min., 46 dB typ. Uncorrected: 16 dB (PicoVNA 106), 15 dB (PicoVNA 108) typ.
Page 98 P1dB utility Frequency range 0.3 to 6020 MHz or 8500 MHz Input power sweep range PicoVNA 106: –20 to +3 dBm PicoVNA 108: –20 to +6 dBm Input power sweep step 1 dB (nominal) P1dB calculation method order curve fit...
Page 99 –20 °C to +50 °C Humidity 80% max. (non-condensing) Power source DC, 12 to 15 V PicoVNA 106: 1.85 A peak, 22 W max. PicoVNA 108: 2.1 A peak, 25 W max. Dynamic range (PicoVNA 106) Dynamic range 10 MHz to 6 GHz pvug-8...
Page 100 PicoVNA 6 and 8.5 GHz Vector Network Analyzers Performance specification Dynamic range 0.3 to 10 MHz Typical system dynamic range (P = +6 dBm, BW = 10 Hz) test Dynamic range (PicoVNA 108) Dynamic range 10 MHz to 8.5 GHz pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 101 PicoVNA 6 and 8.5 GHz Vector Network Analyzers Performance specification Dynamic range 0.3 to 10 MHz Typical system dynamic range (P = +10 dBm, BW = 10 Hz) test pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 102: Troubleshooting Guide
· Receiver levels: test that the receiver is operating at normal signal levels · Receiver crosstalk: test that raw crosstalk remains below limit · Receiver DC offset: test that this is at normal level pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 103 The latter can be helpful for users wishing to carry out their own calibration procedure. Back up/restore EEPROM This facility allows the internal ROM (read-only memory) of the instrument to be backed up or restored. This facility should only be required by service or repair personnel. pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...
Page 104: Warranty
Goods will be free from defects in material and workmanship. Pico Technology shall not be liable for a breach of the warranty if the defect has been caused by fair wear and tear, willful damage, negligence, abnormal working conditions or failure to follow Pico Technology's spoken or written advice on the storage, installation, commissioning, use or maintenance of the Goods or (if no advice has been given) good trade practice;...
Page 105 Room 2252, 22/F, Centro Im Rehwinkel 6 568 Hengfeng Road 30827 Garbsen Zhabei District Germany Shanghai 200070 PR China Tel: +86 21 2226-5152 Tel: +49 (0) 5131 907 62 90 pico.asia-pacific@picotech.com info.de@picotech.com www.picotech.com pvug-8 Copyright © 2017–2023 Pico Technology Ltd...

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