u-blox MAYA-W2 Series System Integration Manual
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u-blox MAYA-W2 Series System Integration Manual

u-blox MAYA-W2 Series System Integration Manual

Host-based multiradio modules with wi-fi 6, bluetooth 5.3, and ieee 802.15.4
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MAYA-W2 series
Host-based multiradio modules with Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth
5.3, and IEEE 802.15.4
System integration manual
Abstract
Targeted towards hardware and software application engineers, this document describes how
to integrate MAYA-W2 modules in application products and explains the hardware design-in,
software, component handling, regulatory compliance, and testing of the modules. It also lists
the external antennas approved for use with the module. Designed for a wide range of industrial
applications, this range of ultra-compact, cost-efficient, host-based, multiradio modules
includes product variants that are supplied with or without internal antenna. Integrated with a
MAC/Baseband processor and RF front end components, MAYA-W2 modules connect to a host
processor through various interfaces, including SDIO for Wi-Fi, High-Speed UART for Bluetooth,
and SPI for 802.15.4.
UBX-22011459 - R04
C1-Public
MAYA-W276
www.u-blox.com

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  • Page 1 MAYA-W2 series Host-based multiradio modules with Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.3, and IEEE 802.15.4 System integration manual MAYA-W276 Abstract Targeted towards hardware and software application engineers, this document describes how to integrate MAYA-W2 modules in application products and explains the hardware design-in, software, component handling, regulatory compliance, and testing of the modules.

  • Page 2: Document Information

    Disclosure to third parties is permitted for clearly public documents only. The information contained herein is provided “as is” and u-blox assumes no liability for its use. No warranty, either express or implied, is given, including but not limited to, with respect to the accuracy, correctness, reliability and fitness for a particular purpose of the information.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual Contents Document information ..........................2 Contents ................................3 System description ..........................6 1.1 Overview ................................ 6 1.2 Module architecture ........................... 6 1.2.1 Block diagrams ............................ 7 Module integration ..........................9 2.1 Power supply interface..........................10 2.1.1 Digital I/O interfaces reference voltage (VIO) ................11...
  • Page 4 MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual 3.4 Data communication interfaces ......................28 3.4.1 SDIO 3.0 interface ..........................28 3.4.2 High-speed UART interface ......................30 3.5 Other interfaces and notes ........................30 3.6 General high-speed layout guidelines ....................30 3.6.1 General considerations for schematic design and PCB floor planning .........31 3.6.2 Component placement ........................31...
  • Page 5 6.3 United states/Canada End-product regulatory compliance ............51 6.3.1 United States compliance statement (FCC)................52 6.3.2 Canada compliance statement (ISED) ..................53 6.3.3 Referring to the u-blox FCC/ISED certification ID ..............54 6.3.4 Obtaining own FCC/ISED certification ID ..................54 6.3.5 Antenna requirements ........................55 6.3.6 Configuration control and software security of end-products ..........55 6.3.7 Operating frequencies ........................56...

  • Page 6: System Description

    Bluetooth LE audio. MAYA-W271 and MAYA-W276 variants are compliant with 802.15.4 and support Thread in the 2.4 GHz band. MAYA-W2 series modules come with RF calibration data and MAC address available in OTP memory. Variants with an optional LTE coexistence filter are available on request.

  • Page 7: Block Diagrams

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual Table 1 defines the antenna configurations and ordering codes for each module variant. Ordering code Antenna configuration Antenna type Host interface MAYA-W260-00B RF_ANT0: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Wi-Fi Two U.FL connectors for RF_ANT1: Bluetooth...
  • Page 8 MAYA-W2 series modules with dedicated LTE coexistence filters (2.4 GHz BPF) are available on request. Coexistence filters are recommended for designs with co-located LTE devices operating in bands 7, 38, 40, or 41. Standard MAYA-W2 series modules include a ceramic diplexer with dual band-pass (BPF) and low-pass (LPF) filters.

  • Page 9: Module Integration

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual Module integration MAYA-W2 shall be integrated into the application product together with a Host CPU system. Figure 3 shows a typical integration. Figure 3. MAYA-W2 integration in host system The SDIO provides the main interface for Wi-Fi data and downloading firmware.

  • Page 10: Power Supply Interface

    2.1 Power supply interface MAYA-W2 series power supply pins 3V3, 1V8, VIO, and VIO_SD pins must be sourced by a regulated DC power supply, such as an LDO or SMPS. The appropriate type for your design depends on the main power source of the application.

  • Page 11: Digital I/O Interfaces Reference Voltage (Vio)

    The dedicated VIO pin enables integration of MAYA-W2 in either 1.8 V or 3.3 V applications without the need for level converters according to the voltage level selected. For information about the supply voltage requirements, see also the MAYA-W2 series data sheet [1]. 2.2 Antenna interfaces Different antenna solutions can be used to integrate MAYA-W2 modules into application designs.

  • Page 12: Rf Pins And Connectors

    To leverage this benefit, customers are required to implement an antenna layout that is fully compliant with the u-blox reference design outlined in the MAYA-W2 antenna reference design application note [17]. Reference design source files are available from u-blox on request.

  • Page 13: Internal Antennas

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual ⚠ To avoid invalidating the compliance and pre-certification of u-blox modules with the various regulatory bodies, use only external antennas included the list of Approved antennas. u-blox modules may also be integrated with other antennas. In which case, OEM installers must certify their own designs with the respective regulatory agencies.

  • Page 14: Antenna Diversity

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual Figure 6: PCB artwork on main PCB top layer for MAYA-W266 and MAYA-W276 2.3 Antenna diversity For module variants with antenna pins, you can implement Wi-Fi antenna diversity by adding an external antenna switch. The antenna diversity algorithm controls the switch using the RF control pin RF_CNTL3.

  • Page 15: System Function Interfaces

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual The Infineon BGS12WN6 is an example of a single-pin, external antenna switch with an operating frequency of up to 9 GHz. A typical circuit implementation for antenna diversity is shown in Figure Figure 7: RF diversity switch implementation...

  • Page 16: Power-Down / Reset

    After PDn is deasserted (high), the module is reset and takes approximately 20 ms to get ready for SDIO enumeration. MAYA-W2 series modules are reset to a default operating state by any of the following events: •...

  • Page 17: Power States

    UART Others Reserved Reserved Reserved Table 6: Configuration pins 2.4.6 Power states MAYA-W2 series modules have several operation states. The power states and general guidelines for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth operations are defined in Table General status Power state Description Power-down Not Powered 3V3, 1V8, VIO, and VIO_SD supplies not present or below the operating range.

  • Page 18: High-Speed Uart Interface

    SDIO interface pins are powered by the VIO_SD voltage domain. 2.5.2 High-speed UART interface MAYA-W2 series modules support a high-speed Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) interface with up to 3 Mbps baud rate. The default baud rate after reset is 115.2 Kbps.

  • Page 19: Pcm/I2S - Audio Interface

    GPIO[20] Table 11: 802.15.4 SPI interface description 2.5.4 PCM/I2S – Audio interface MAYA-W2 series modules include a bi-directional, 4-wire, PCM digital audio interface which can be used to connect external digital audio devices like an audio codec. The interface supports:...

  • Page 20: Jtag

    External coexistence interface and JTAG. All other used GPIOs are described in the pin assignment information of the MAYA-W2 series data sheet [1]. 2.9 Other remarks 2.9.1 Unused pins MAYA-W2 series modules have unconnected (NC) pins that are reserved for future use. These pins must be left unconnected on the application board.

  • Page 21: Design-In

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual Design-in Follow the design guidelines in this chapter to optimize the integration of MAYA-W2 series modules in your final application board. 3.1 Overview Although all application circuits must be properly designed, the following aspects of the application design require special attention: •...

  • Page 22: Antenna Design

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual • MAYA-W266 / MAYA-W276 Include a RF_ANT1 pin for combined Bluetooth/802.15.4 and Wi-Fi. It also includes an internal antenna. When using the internal antenna, the module must be placed on the edge of the host PCB with the antenna (or antenna connector on the host PCB), which is considered part of the approved antenna design.
  • Page 23 MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual Item Requirements Remarks Impedance 50  nominal characteristic The impedance of the antenna RF connection must match the 50  impedance of Antenna pins. impedance Frequency Range 2400 – 2500 MHz For 802.11b/g/n/ax and Bluetooth/802.15.4.
  • Page 24 MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual 3.2.1.1 Integrated antenna design If integrated antennas are used, the transmission line is terminated by the antennas themselves or by the antenna together with the connected coaxial cable and U.FL plug. Consider the following the guidelines when designing the antenna: •...
  • Page 25 MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual ☞ ε The width of a 50 Ω microstrip depends on mainly “ ” and “H”, which must be calculated for each PCB layer stack-up. Figure 9: Transmission line trace design Follow these recommendations to design a 50  transmission line correctly: •...
  • Page 26 MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual Figure 10 shows a trace and ground design example. From top left to bottom right: layer 1 mirrored, layer 1, layer 2, layer 3, layer 4, and so on. Figure 10: RF trace and ground design example Figure 11 shows typical artwork implementing a coplanar microstrip on an 8-layer PCB.

  • Page 27: Supply Interfaces

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual Figure 12 shows the layout of pads for an U.FL connector. In particular, consider the GND clearance under the signal pad. Figure 12: U.FL connector layout, top layer (left), and inner layer 1 (right) 3.3 Supply interfaces...

  • Page 28: Data Communication Interfaces

    3.4 Data communication interfaces 3.4.1 SDIO 3.0 interface The SDIO 3.0 bus in MAYA-W2 series modules support a clock frequency up to 208 MHz, which means that special care must be taken to guarantee signal integrity and minimize electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues. The signals should be routed with a single-ended impedance of 50 Ω.
  • Page 29 MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual It is advisable to route all signals on the bus so that they are of the same length and have the appropriate grounding in the surrounding layers. The total bus length should be kept to a minimum.

  • Page 30: High-Speed Uart Interface

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual 3.4.2 High-speed UART interface The high-speed UART interface for the MAYA-W2 complies with the Bluetooth HCI UART Transport layer. The module uses the settings shown in Table UART Settings Baud rate default after reset 115 200 baud...

  • Page 31: General Considerations For Schematic Design And Pcb Floor Planning

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual 3.6.1 General considerations for schematic design and PCB floor planning • Verify which signal bus requires termination and add appropriate series resistor terminations to the schematics. • Carefully consider the placement of the module with respect to the antenna position and host processor;...

  • Page 32: Module Footprint And Paste Mask

    3.8 Thermal guidelines MAYA-W2 series modules are designed to operate from -40 °C to +85 °C at an ambient temperature inside the enclosure box. The board generates heat during high loads that must be dissipated to sustain the lifetime of the components. The thermal dissipation measures described here help reduce the module's internal temperature and enhance the device's long-term reliability.

  • Page 33: Esd Guidelines

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual For best performance, application PCB layouts should adhere to the following guidelines: • Vias specification for ground filling: 300/600����, with no thermal reliefs allowed on vias. • Ground via densities under the module: 50 ��������/����...

  • Page 34: Design-In Checklists

    See RF transmission line design.  All pins are properly connected, and the footprint follows u-blox pin design recommendations. See Module footprint and paste mask.  Proper clearance has been provided between the RF and digital sections of the design. See Layout manufacturing.

  • Page 35: Software

    4.1 Available software packages 4.1.1 Open-source Linux/Android drivers The Wi-Fi driver and firmware for MAYA-W2 series modules are integrated into the Linux BSP for NXP i.MX processors [12]. Yocto recipes for the driver and firmware, that can be used to develop custom Linux-based systems, are part of the NXP i.MX Linux BSP.

  • Page 36: U-Blox Software Deliverables

    Includes all the instructions to extract, compile and install the drivers, firmware, and Build recipe tools in the root file system of the host system image. Used to fix bugs in u-blox-distributed drivers seen either locally or reported by the Patches vendor.

  • Page 37: Bringing-Up The Linux Drivers

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual Figure 15 shows the different software components and upper layers required for the operation of MAYA-W2 series modules in a Linux OS. Figure 15: Basic Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 802.15.4 software architecture The Wi-Fi driver (...

  • Page 38: Wi-Fi Driver

    4.4.1 Wi-Fi driver To bring up the Wi-Fi driver: Prior to loading the driver, check the kernel log to make sure that the MAYA-W2 series module is reported on the SDIO bus of the host system, as shown in the following example:...

  • Page 39: Bluetooth Interface

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual Table 23 describes the functions of the Wi-Fi interfaces. Interface Function mlan0 Network interface for station mode functionality. Typically used with wpa_supplicant. uap0 Network interface for access-point functionality. Typically used with hostapd. wfd0 Network interface for P2P functionality. Can operate in both group owner (GO) and group client (GC) modes.

  • Page 40: Creating A Thread Network Using The 802.15.4 Radio

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual the host can switch to the new baud rate and then wait for 5 ms or more before sending the next command. HCI command syntax using hcitool hcitool –i hci0 cmd 0x3f 0x0009 <4-byte little-endian value for baud rate>...
  • Page 41 MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual Note that the initial remote device state is set to leader until its status is accepted by the parent device, MAYA-W2. root@imx8mmevk:~# ot-ctl state Child Done Verify the assigned mesh-local addresses on MAYA-W2 (device A) and remote device B:...

  • Page 42: Configuring Antenna Diversity

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual 4.4.3.2 Starting a Thread network and verifying the device state To start the Thread network and verify the state of the device: Bring up the network interface: root@imx8mmevk:/usr/sbin# ot-ctl ifconfig up Done Start the Thread network:...

  • Page 43: Configuration Of Tx Power Limits And Energy Detection

    2.7 onwards • Linux Kernel version 4.19 onwards ☞ The Wi-Fi Transmit power limit configuration files are provided by u-blox for the certified regulatory domains accommodated in the available reference designs and Approved antennas. The configuration files for completed certifications are included in the Yocto meta layer.
  • Page 44 MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual The TX power level values are updated in the firmware for each channel, bandwidth, and data rate combination. The firmware sends back the regulatory flag information including country code to the driver. The driver creates a self-managed interface and updates the cfg80211 subsystem in the Linux kernel with the regulatory settings from the file.

  • Page 45: Adaptivity Configuration (Energy Detection)

    ☞ The Wi-Fi Transmit power limit configuration files provided by u-blox for MAYA-W2 automatically apply the default energy detection thresholds used during module certification. Energy detection can also be configured through a configuration file, ed_mac_ctrl_V2_nw61x.conf...

  • Page 46: Bluetooth Tx Power Limits

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual 4.6.3 Bluetooth TX power limits The vendor specific HCI command is used to update the maximum HCI_CMD_UPDATE_TX_MAX_PWR_LVL transmit power level for Bluetooth BR/EDR, as shown in the following usage example: # hcitool -i hci0 cmd 0x3F 0xEE 0x01 <signed max. TX power value in dBm>...

  • Page 47: Handling And Soldering

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual Handling and soldering ⚠ MAYA-W2 series modules are Electrostatic Sensitive Devices that demand the observance of special handling precautions against static damage. Failure to observe these precautions can result in severe damage to the product.

  • Page 48: Reflow Soldering Process

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual 5.3 Reflow soldering process ☞ MAYA-W260 is approved for one-time processes only. MAYA-W261, MAYA-W266, MAYA- W271, and MAYA-W276 are approved for two-time reflow processes. MAYA-W2 modules are surface mounted devices supplied on a multi-layer FR4-type PCB with gold- plated connection pads.

  • Page 49: Cleaning

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual 5.3.1 Cleaning Cleaning the modules is not recommended. Residues underneath the modules cannot be easily removed with a washing process. • Cleaning with water will lead to capillary effects where water is absorbed in the gap between the baseboard and the module.

  • Page 50: Regulatory Compliance

    MAYA-W2 module into an end-product. • Any deviation from the process described may cause the MAYA-W2 series module not to comply with the regulatory authorizations of the module and thus void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

  • Page 51: Ce Equipment Classes

    Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland continues to accept the CE marking. The following notice is applicable to Great Britain only. MAYA-W2 series modules have been evaluated against the essential requirements of the Radio Equipment Regulations 2017 (SI 2017 No. 1206, as amended by SI 2019 No. 696).

  • Page 52: United States Compliance Statement (Fcc)

    KDB 996369 D04 Module Integration Guide 6.3.1 United States compliance statement (FCC) MAYA-W2 series modules have modular approval and comply with FCC 47 CFR Part 15C §15.247 and Part 15E §15.407. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: This device may not cause harmful interference, and This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

  • Page 53: Canada Compliance Statement (Ised)

    For FCC end-product labeling requirements, see End product labeling requirements. 6.3.2 Canada compliance statement (ISED) MAYA-W2 series modules are certified for use in accordance with the Canada Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED) Radio Standards Specification (RSS) RSS-247 Issue 2 and RSS-Gen. Table 28 shows the ISED certification IDs allocated to MAYA-W2 series modules.

  • Page 54: Referring To The U-Blox Fcc/Ised Certification Id

    Antenna requirements. ⚠ To use the u-blox FCC / ISED grant and refer to the u-blox FCC ID / ISED certification ID, the integrator must confirm with u-blox that all requirements associated with the Configuration control and software security of end-products are fulfilled.

  • Page 55: Antenna Requirements

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual 6.3.5 Antenna requirements In addition to the general requirement to use only authorized antennas, the u-blox grant also requires a separation distance of at least 20 cm from the antenna(s) to all persons. The antenna(s) must not be co-located with any other antenna or transmitter (simultaneous transmission) as well.

  • Page 56: Operating Frequencies

    (“modular transmitter”). Customers must verify that the module in use is certified as supporting DFS client/master functionality. • The host product uses only authorized firmware images provided by u-blox and/or by the manufacturer of the RF chipset used inside the modular transmitter. •...

  • Page 57: End Product Labeling Requirements

    FCC ID of the end product. The label on the MAYA-W2 module containing the original FCC ID acquired by u-blox can be replaced with a new label stating the end-product’s FCC/ISED ID in compliance with the modular labeling requirements of OET KDB 784748.
  • Page 58 MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual FCC end product labeling The outside of final products containing the MAYA-W2 module must display in a user accessible area a label referring to the enclosed module. This exterior label can use wording such as the following: “Contains Transmitter Module FCC ID: XPYMAYAW2xy”...

  • Page 59: Japan Radio Equipment Compliance

    Item (19)-3 “Low power data communications system in the 5GHz band” Japan Indoor Use Statement: The MAYA-W2 series module is restricted on the Japanese market to be used indoors only if the product is operating in the 5.2/5.3 GHz band (W52, W53).

  • Page 60: Kcc South Korea Compliance

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual End products based on MAYA-W2 series modules and targeted for distribution in Brazil must carry labels that include the ANATEL logo, MAYA-W2 homologation number, and a statement claiming that the device may not cause harmful interference but must accept it (Resolution No 506).

  • Page 61: Approved Antennas

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual The MAYA-W2 module test reports can be used to partly demonstrate that the application product meets the necessary performance requirements for using the Regulatory Compliance Mark (RCM). To satisfy the overall Australian and/or New Zealand compliance requirements on the end product, the integrator must create a compliance folder that contains all relevant compliance test reports.

  • Page 62: Product Testing

    Product testing 7.1 u-blox in-line production testing As part of our focus on high quality products, u-blox maintain stringent quality controls throughout the production process. This means that all units in our manufacturing facilities are fully tested and that any identified defects are carefully analyzed to improve future production quality.

  • Page 63: Oem Manufacturer Production Test

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual 7.2 OEM manufacturer production test As all u-blox products undergo thorough in-series production testing prior to delivery, OEM manufacturers do not need to repeat any firmware tests or measurements that might otherwise be necessary to confirm RF performance. Testing over analog and digital interfaces is also unnecessary during an OEM production test.

  • Page 64: Appendix

    MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual Appendix A Glossary Abbreviation Definition Automotive Electronics Council Access Point Application Programming Interface Automatic Test Equipment Bluetooth Charged Device Model European Conformity Clear to Send Direct Current Double Data Rate Dynamic Frequency Selection DHCP...
  • Page 65 MAYA-W2 series - System integration manual Abbreviation Definition Printed Circuit Board Peripheral Component Interconnect PCIe PCI Express Pulse-code modulation Physical layer (of the OSI model) Power Management Unit Radio Frequency RSDB Real Simultaneous Dual Band Request to Send SDIO Secure Digital Input Output...

  • Page 66: Related Documents

    NXP AN13384, Regulatory Domain and TX Power Level Management V2 (confidential) [24] NXP Middleware Wi-Fi Layer [25] MAYA-W2 product summary, UBX-21047385 ☞ For product change notifications and regular updates of u-blox documentation, register on our website, www.u-blox.com. UBX-22011459 - R04 Related documents Page 66 of 67 C1-Public...

  • Page 67: Ubx-22011459 - R04

    Open-source Linux/Android drivers. Added Configuration of TX power limits and energy detection. Contact u-blox AG Address: Zürcherstrasse 68 8800 Thalwil Switzerland For further support and contact information, visit us at www.u-blox.com/support. UBX-22011459 - R04 Revision history Page 67 of 67 C1-Public...

This manual is also suitable for:

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