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Funktion-one F101 User Manual

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F101
User Guide
www.funktion-one.com
© Funktion One Research Limited 2011

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Summary of Contents for Funktion-one F101

  • Page 1 F101 User Guide www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 2 Contents F101 User Guide ..........................1 Thank you ..........................3 Receiving and unpacking ......................3 Handling ............................ 4 Introduction ..........................4 Features ............................... 4 Specifications ............................... 5 Safety first ..........................6 Mechanical safety ............................6 Electrical and fire safety ..........................7 Hearing safety ..............................
  • Page 3 We know that you’ll be eager to install your F101 system and get it up and running immediately, but reading this user guide will help you to achieve the best performance - just as Funktion One intended.
  • Page 4 Inform your dealer immediately if your shipment is incomplete or any of its contents are found to be damaged or missing. We suggest that you keep some of the original F101 cartons in case you have to return a unit for repair or replacement. Funktion One Research Limited and its distributors cannot be held liable for product damaged through the use of non-approved packaging, shipping or handling methods.
  • Page 5 Integral “top-hat” pole mount 2 x M8 yoke mounting bushes (one per side) 4 x M8 wall bracket bushes on rear Weight: 10.1kg (22.2lb) Dimensions Fig 4.2-1 (all dimensions in millimetres and feet & inches) www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 6 See section 6.3 Pole mounting  Make sure your pole mount is compatible with the F101’s 35mm pole socket and is a snug fit. Always check the stand manufacturer’s specifications  Make sure that the pole mount stand will support the weight of the loudspeaker. Again, check the stand manufacturer’s specifications...
  • Page 7  There are no user-serviceable parts inside your F101 system. Do not dismantle the unit  F101’s are not designed for use in damp conditions and should not be exposed to water Hearing safety Enjoy your system responsibly Funktion One loudspeaker systems are designed to provide extensive audience coverage at low distortion and are capable of producing very high near-field sound pressure levels.
  • Page 8 If in doubt, seek expert advice. Coverage Your F101 loudspeaker system has been designed to provide excellent performance without resorting to complex positional or spacing requirements, but it’s worth spending a couple of minutes reading through the following sections on horizontal and vertical coverage, placement and mounting accessories to ensure you get the best performance possible at all times.
  • Page 9 Fig 6.2-1 Poor vertical aiming Avoid aiming your F101 straight over the audience’s heads as this will increase room effects causing poor impact and intelligibility. Even if the room has good acoustical properties, your audience will enjoy far better sound quality if the system is aiming towards them.
  • Page 10 Multiple F101s may be used to concentrate coverage into a specific area. This will provide audience members with a pleasant, enveloping experience. Minimising difficult room effects Fig 6.2-4 Raising and tilting F101s for more concentrated central coverage in difficult acoustics www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 11 Horizontal aiming Stereo set-ups Fig 6.2-5 Poor horizontal aiming Avoid aiming your F101 straight out as this can increase side wall effects and will cause coverage gaps in between the loudspeakers. Fig 6.2-6 Improved horizontal aiming Even if the room has good acoustical properties, your audience will enjoy far better sound quality if the system is toed in towards them rather than reflecting off the side walls.
  • Page 12 The best way to ensure the widest possible stereo listening area is to aim your left and right F101 systems, both horizontally and vertically, so that their on-axis lines cross over at ear height at approximately 2/3 the distance to the rear of the audience.
  • Page 13 Multiple loudspeaker systems Where multiple loudspeakers are to be used to concentrate coverage into a specific area, your F101’s 90° horizontal coverage allows simple four-corner set-ups for foreground music coverage. Fig 6.2-8 4-speaker set-up Generally speaking, every time you double the number of loudspeakers at equal distances from you, you’ll increase sound pressure level by between 3 and 6dB.
  • Page 14 The required delay, in milliseconds, will be: Metric: (Distance in metres from Main F101 – Distance in metres from Delay F101) x 2.91 milliseconds Imperial: (Distance in feet from Main F101 – Distance in feet from Delay F101) x 0.887 milliseconds (Hint: If you don’t have a calculator, the multipliers may be rounded to 3.0 for metric and 0.9 for imperial)
  • Page 15 Wall bracket Fig 6.3-1 WME-100 wall mounting bracket (all dimensions in mm) The optional WME-100 wall mounting bracket allows your F101 to be mounted on a wall and aimed accurately. and 2 The wall mounting plate may be removed and sent to site for pre-installation if required.
  • Page 16 The speaker mounting plate is attached to your F101 with the M8 hex-head bolts, flat washers and spring washers provided.
  • Page 17 Fig 6.3-6 Maximum tilt and swivel angles Yoke kit Fig 6.3-7 YF101-K1 yoke kit (all dimensions in millimetres and feet & inches) www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 18 The optional YF101-K1 yoke kit allows you to fly your F101 from a truss or 51mm barrel via a standard half-coupler using the 13mm main fixing hole. The yoke also has a 7mm safety wire attachment hole. The F101 has integral M8 side bushes so that the yoke may be fitted using M8 hex-head bolts and flat washers for fixed installations.
  • Page 19 Phoenix connector option The Phoenix connector option is intended for fixed installations. A cable plug is supplied – attached to the F101’s rear chassis socket. PC4/2-ST-7.62 connectors are an industry standard. Additional connectors are available through a variety of distributors worldwide.
  • Page 20 Your F101’s rear NL4 connectors will accept either NL2 or NL4 connector types The following illustrations show the cable connector pin views looking towards the rear of the loudspeaker - as they would be seen if the cable plugs were plugged into the F101 with their covers removed.
  • Page 21 Simply check that the same loudspeaker cable core colours are wired to the same + or – pins at the amplifier end and at the loudspeaker connector end. www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 22 Common sense, then, suggests that, as long as we’re using polarity-matched microphones and well- documented signal paths, why not maintain absolute polarity – if only for consistency? www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 23 Fig 8.2-1 F101 half-space, 1/12 octave impedance (ohms) vs frequency (Hz) The F101 impedance curve is very well behaved and presents an easy load for power amplifiers – even where pairs of F101s are connected in parallel. www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 24 Recommended range = 150W - 600W into 8Ω, 300W – 1200W into 4Ω or 600W – 2400W into 2Ω  Most amplifiers are rated into 8 ohms (1 x F101) and 4 ohms (2 x F101s in parallel)  Amplifiers with a genuine 2 ohm specification can power up to 4 x F101s in parallel – but remember to use thicker cable when connecting multiple loudspeakers in parallel.
  • Page 25 For further information on Funktion One XO series loudspeaker management systems go to www.funktion-one.com and click through > Products > Electronic Products, then... > XO2 Audio Management System for a 2 in/ 6 out loudspeaker management system or... > XO4 Audio Management System for a 4 in/ 8 out loudspeaker management system Then click through Downloads >...
  • Page 26 Note the connector blocks in lower illustration. Avoid cramming two cables into one Phoenix connector. 4-channel 8 ohm patches with external control Fig 9.3-5 4-channel 8 ohm patch using Funktion One F40Q power amplifier (F101s with Speakon connectors) www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 27 4-channel 8 ohm patch using Funktion One F40Q power amplifier (F101s with Phoenix connectors) 4-channel 4 ohm patches with external control Fig 9.3-7 4-channel 4 ohm patch using Funktion One F40Q power amplifier (F101s with Speakon connectors) www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 28 2-channel patches with XO2 loudspeaker management system Fig 9.4-1 2-channel 8 ohm patch using Funktion One XO2 controller and E15 amp (2 x 2-way + 2 x mono configuration shown, F101s with Speakon connectors) www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 29 See Section 11 of this User Guide for advice on XO series limiter settings vs amplifier gain etc. See Appendix A at the end of this User Guide for a discussion about clipping. See Appendix B at the end of this User Guide for a discussion about system gain structure. www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 30 4-channel 8 ohm patch using Funktion One XO4A controller and F40Q amp (4 x 2-way configuration shown, F101s with Speakon connectors) Fig 9.4-6 4-channel 8 ohm patch using Funktion One XO4A controller and F40Q amp (4 x 2-way configuration shown, F101s with Phoenix connectors) www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 31 However, if your mains supply voltage drops by more than 2% or 3% on load, you may need to reduce the recommended long-term limiter threshold levels by a dB or so to prevent the power amplifier from prematurely clipping. See section 11 for further information on limiters settings. www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 32 Combining with bass systems Your F101 system may be combined with a variety of Funktion One bass systems for extra low frequency extension and headroom. Suitable systems include – but are certainly not restricted to – the following: Funktion One MB210 LP The MB210 LP (Low Profile) is one of Funktion One's most compact and low profile bass enclosures and ideal for restricted architectural spaces.
  • Page 33 Funktion One Minibass 212 The Minibass 212 is a smaller iteration of Funktion One’s patented Infrabass technology and is the perfect complement to the F101 where a more powerful bass extension is required. The Minibass incorporates 2 x Funktion One 16 Ohm 12'' loudspeakers which drive a ported resonant chamber enclosure.
  • Page 34 The BR115 has a sensitivity of 103dB for 1W at 1m and covers the frequency range 45Hz – 320Hz The system can be supplied with optional pole mountings and is well matched with products including F81, F101 etc. Ideal for smaller applications including studios and monitoring.
  • Page 35 The F215 has a sensitivity figure of 105dBspl (1W/1m). Fig 10-8 F215 MkII dimensions (in millimetres and feet & inches) Please see www.funktion-one.com/products/ (and scroll down) for further information on the complete range of Funktion One bass systems. www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 36 200Hz 24dB/octave Linkwitz-Riley 24dB/octave Linkwitz-Riley *The final crossover frequency setting will depend on boundary condition and headroom requirements. Note that the higher the crossover frequency the harder the bass and the less stressed the F101. For suggested limiter settings see Section 11.
  • Page 37 If you’re working with imperial measurements, the physical offset in feet should be multiplied by 0.887 to get the required delay in milliseconds. In the above example, the F101 enclosure is 4ft 6” closer to the audience. Sound travels 1ft in approximately 0.887 milliseconds so the required delay is 4.5 x 0.887 = 3.99ms.
  • Page 38 The further the bass enclosure is placed from the wall, the more the reflected sound will be out of time with the direct sound. This can cause cancellation (reduction in level) due to the phase difference. www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 39 (blue). If the reflected bass arrives within ⅓ of a wavelength for frequencies up to the bass-F101 crossover frequency, then the direct and reflected levels will add – albeit with an overall phase lag.
  • Page 40 (red) at the crossover frequency resulting in an overall 60 phase lag (black).The F101 system would need to be realigned with the bass system by applying a small extra delay to create a matching phase lag through the crossover region.
  • Page 41 If you’re using power amplifiers such as the Funktion One E15 (PRC set to 0dB, gain set to 32dB) or the Funktion One F40Q (pre-set to 32dB), set your loudspeaker management system output limiters as shown on the next page. www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 42 XO series limiter settings for F101 systems with standard 32dB amplifiers Notes  These settings will limit the amplifier’s long-term output to 1dB below your F101’s AES power rating  The Clip limiter will prevent hard peak clipping - although you may see the occasional momentary clip indication ...
  • Page 43 Controller Clip limiter settings (if fitted) Notes  These settings will limit the amplifier’s long-term output to 1dB below your F101’s power rating  Check that the main output limiter settings are preventing continuous clipping by testing the controller/amplifier combination at high signal levels off-load (i.e. with the loudspeaker unplugged) ...
  • Page 44 Lower impedance continuous power figures often underestimate an amplifier’s dynamic performance due to loading effects  Always check limiter threshold operation with the power amplifier off-load. See previous page. www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 45 The blue positive and negative shaded areas represent the power the signal would cause to be dissipated in a load – usually a loudspeaker voice coil. Here’s the same signal amplified beyond the available “headroom” – i.e. beyond the clip level... Signal amplified beyond clip level www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 46 (multiples of the fundamental frequencies, also known as overtones) in a variety of amplitude and phase relationships. Spectrum analysers can be used to show this. In the screen shot below, an unclipped pure tone (approximately 1kHz) can be seen as a single frequency line. www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 47 You can also avoid clipping your signals at source by setting your console and effects system “gain structure” carefully. See appendix B... www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 48 If your operating signal levels are just right, you won’t run out of headroom, clip or run out of digits – even on musical peaks. And you’ll still run well above the analogue noise floor and stay clear of the digital mush. www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 49 Professional live sound meters calibrated with respect to “Full Scale” (dBFS) Too low (-28dBFS) Too high (-3dBFS) Just right (-18dBFS) Peak-hold option Wasting dynamic range Peaks could be clipped Noise-free without clipping May not be true peak www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 50 /600 and you’ll get a milliwatt. Too low (-10VU = 28dB below clip) Too high Just right (0VU = 18dB below clip) Wasting dynamic range Peaks could be heavily clipped Noise-free without clipping www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 51 83dBspl but this isn’t relevant for live sound use. A K-meter’s main advantage in live sound applications is its accurate indication of levels with reference to full scale. Sondris Meter Spectrafoo meter (Set to K-20) (Set to K-14) www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 52 With your outboard equipment’s input gain set to a nominal level (about 1o’clock if it’s an analogue knob), set the relevant insert send control on your console so that your outboard gear’s general level is indicating around 18dB below its own maximum (usually -18dBFS on digital gear). www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 53 The suggestions assume the user or installer is familiar with the basic mixer functions Initial input-output calibration Ensure that all inserts or effect loops are switched out (bypassed) before initially setting your gain structure! See Outboards effects set-up later... www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 54 11 for further information on system patching, limiter settings, amplifier gains etc. Keep this configuration – with your system controllers or power amplifiers still muted – and use it to set up your inserts and loops for outboard effects www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 55 (Make sure the LOOP SWAP button is not pressed – FX Loop 1 should follow A – and make sure the X-Fade control has not been switched off) Press the input channel strip X-FADE A and set the A-B cross-fader to A www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 56 Again, a little experimentation may be required. If necessary, finely adjust the FF-4000’s FX1 Trim (effects return level) to balance the Fx Mix Direct vs Wet levels whilst swapping the FX Mix control between Dry and Wet. www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 57 And loudspeakers’ maximum power ratings have been standardised since the Audio Engineering Society (AES) published the original recommendations, AES2-1984, several decades ago. This was revised in 2003 and is still commonly used. www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 58 AES2-1984 (r2003) recommendations mention distortion measurements being made at 10% of www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 59 Manufacturers who state peak spl may have added 6dB to figures calculated using their driver suppliers AES power ratings.  Manufacturers who state “half space” or “2 ” conditions may have added a further 6dB to their ∏ figures. www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 60 The most common set-up is where the loudspeaker is mounted in half space – typically in a pit facing upwards so that its baffle (not its grille) is flush with the ground. The measurement microphone is placed above the loudspeaker – usually on the acoustical crossover axis. www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 61 Beware products with impressive maximum spl and AES power rating figures but no mention of distortion. Power hungry and loudspeakers doesn’t necessarily equate with musicality and projection. www.funktion-one.com © Funktion One Research Limited 2011...
  • Page 62 But they can also be used to provide a more acceptable spectral balance when the system is being driven hard. Go to www.funktion-one.com/settings/ for further information. Most maximum spl figures are calculated from driver sensitivities and AES power ratings so limiters don’t really feature in the arithmetic.