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E X P E R I M E N T MANUAL
Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Pfizerstr. 5-7, 70184 Stuttgart, Germany | +49 (0) 711 2191-0 |
www.kosmos.de
Thames & Kosmos, 301 Friendship St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA | 1-800-587-2872 |
www.thamesandkosmos.com
Thames &
Kosmos UK Ltd, Goudhurst, Kent, TN17 2QZ, United Kingdom | 01580 212000
|www.thamesandkosmos.co.uk
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Related Manuals for Thames & Kosmos CATAPULTS & CROSSBOWS
Summary of Contents for Thames & Kosmos CATAPULTS & CROSSBOWS
- Page 1 E X P E R I M E N T MANUAL Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Pfizerstr. 5-7, 70184 Stuttgart, Germany | +49 (0) 711 2191-0 | www.kosmos.de Thames & Kosmos, 301 Friendship St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA | 1-800-587-2872 | www.thamesandkosmos.com Thames &...
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Page 2: Safety Information
› › › SAFETY INFORMATION Warning! Not suitable for children under 3 years. ››› Choking hazard — small parts may be swallowed or inhaled. Strangulation hazard — long cords may become wrapped around the neck. Warning! Do not aim at eyes or face. ›››... - Page 3 Catapults &Crossbows › › › IMPORTANT INFORMATION TIPS Dear Parents, ANCHOR PINS AND CONNECTORS Physics is an exciting and varied science that is not hard to understand, especially Take a careful look at the different assembly components. Red anchor pins, blue anchor pins, when you use fun models to demonstrate joint pins, and shaft plugs all look pretty similar physics principles in action.
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Page 4: Kit Contents
› › › KIT CONTENTS What’s inside your experimentkit: Checklist: Find – Inspect – Check off No. Description Qty. Item No. No. Description Qty. Item No. Short anchor pin, blue 11-hole rod 7344-W10-C2B 7413-W10-P1D Anchor pin, red 15-hole dual rod 7061-W10-C1R 7413-W10-H1D Joint pin... -
Page 5: Table Of Contents
Catapults &Crossbows › › › TABLE OF CONTENTS Safety Information ..Inside front A Word to Parents ....... 1 Kit Contents .......... 2 Table of Contents ........ 3 Preparation ........... 5 Set up a target and learn about accuracy and precision. Classic crossbow .........6 Elasticity, potential energy, and kinetic energy... - Page 6 Physics with Crossbows and Catapults...
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Page 7: Preparation
Catapults &Crossbows PREPARATION Setting up a target YOU WILL NEED › metal pie pan or other durable dish › tape › measuring stick or tapemeasure Low accuracy and low precision HERE’S HOW Place a metal pie pan upside down on the floor. -
Page 8: Classic Crossbow
EXPERIMENT 1 Classic crossbow YOU WILL NEED 4 x 10 x 4x 4 x 4 x 1 x 2 x 2 x 4 x 1 x 2 x Bolt Stock Limb › tape,measuring stick, target Limb... - Page 9 Catapults &Crossbows EXPERIMENT 1 Side view...
- Page 10 EXPERIMENT 1 Other side Small rubberband Large rubber band Side view Take one side of the rubber band and loop it WHAT’S HAPPENING once around the red pina When the rubber band is stretched it wants second time. What happens to return to its original shape.
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Page 11: Trebuchet One
Catapults &Crossbows EXPERIMENT 2 Trebuchet one YOU WILL NEED 2 x 2x 1 x 2 x... - Page 12 EXPERIMENT 2 Large rubber band...
- Page 13 Catapults &Crossbows EXPERIMENT 2 Load a foam ball into the circular green holder. Pull the arm back. Let it go. Watch how fast the ball flies through the air. 135° 35 mph WHAT’S HAPPENING In physics, a very important concept is the vector. Normally quantities only have one part or component, such as 5 pounds or 30 minutes, which indicates the 20 mph...
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Page 14: Scorpion
EXPERIMENT 3 Scorpion YOU WILL NEED 4 x 10 x 3 x 2 x 4 x 5 x 1 x 2 x 2 x 1 x 4 x Side view... - Page 16 EXPERIMENT 3 Large rubber band Small rubber band WHAT’S HAPPENING Maybe you thought that the heavier crossbow bolt would hit the floor long before the lighter foam ball. Or maybe you thought that because If you were to drop the the crossbow bolt would travel a longer distance bolt and the foam ball it would take longer to hit the ground.
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Page 17: Weighted Catapult
Catapults &Crossbows EXPERIMENT 4 Weighted catapult YOU WILL NEED 4 x 13 x 4 x 6 x 1x 2 x 1 x 1 x 2 x › coins Note! This model has two compartments on the sides that hold coins. The coins act as counterweights. - Page 18 EXPERIMENT 4 Load coins into the compartments on the sides. WHAT’S HAPPENING Place a foam ball into When you place more coins into the side compartments of the ball holder, lift up the catapult you are adding mass to the arms of the the weights, and then catapult.
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Page 19: Reverse-Draw Crossbow
Catapults &Crossbows EXPERIMENT 5 Reverse-draw crossbow YOU WILL NEED 4 x 12 x 3 x 2 x 1 x 2x 27 28 1 x 2x › coins, tissues, tape, paperclips... - Page 20 EXPERIMENT 5 Top view Small rubberband...
- Page 21 Catapults &Crossbows EXPERIMENT 5 Large rubber band Side view Test the elasticity of the rubber WHAT’S HAPPENING band. Make different bundles of A law of physics called Hooke’s law states pennies (one penny weighs 2.5 that the distance that something elastic, like grams) and nickels (one nickel a rubber band, is stretched or compressed is weighs 5 grams) using tissue paper...
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Page 22: Compound Crossbow
EXPERIMENT 6 Compound crossbow YOU WILL NEED 4 x 10 x 4 x 2 x 4 x 4 x 1 x 2 x 2 x 4 x 2 x 2x Side view... - Page 23 Catapults &Crossbows EXPERIMENT 6...
- Page 24 EXPERIMENT 6 Small rubberband WHAT’S HAPPENING Large rubber band A pulley is a wheel on an axle which supports the movement of a cable or rope. The type of pulley used in this crossbow is called a fixed pulley. The fixed pulley is Test out the crossbow by a two-armed lever that rotates around a fulcrum as it firing some bolts.
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Page 25: Trebuchet Two
Catapults &Crossbows EXPERIMENT 7 Trebuchet two YOU WILL NEED 7 x 4 x 2 x 2 x 2 x Note! This model has a compartment on one end that hold coins. The coins act as a counterweight. Gravity pulls thecounterweight down, launching the ball. - Page 26 EXPERIMENT 7 Load coins intothe compartment here. Try launching the WHAT’S HAPPENING foam ball a few times with the model set up The trebuchet makes use of a simple machine called a as shown. Lift up the lever. A lever is a beam that pivots at a fixed point called a fulcrum.
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Page 27: Ballista
Catapults &Crossbows EXPERIMENT 8 Ballista YOU WILL NEED 9 10 11 12 4 x 12 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4x 1x 2x 2 x 4x... - Page 29 Catapults &Crossbows Large rubber band EXPERIMENT 8 Small rubberband Other side Test fire some bolts. WHAT’S HAPPENING Observe the paths that the bolts follow In physics, the motion of an object, called a projectile, that when they are shot has been thrown through the air near Earth’s surface is called projectile motion.
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Page 30: Catapult One
EXPERIMENT 9 Catapult one YOU WILL NEED 9 11 13 4 x 7 x 4x 6 x 1 x 2 x 2 x › tape... - Page 31 Catapults &Crossbows EXPERIMENT 9 Large rubber band m/s = meters per second (speed) Angle of trajectory Fire foam balls WHAT’S HAPPENING 30 m/s at the target 20m/s As you learned in Experiment 1, when you made inthe 10m/s you stretch the rubber band more you preparation steps.
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Page 32: Mangonel
EXPERIMENT 10 Mangonel YOU WILL NEED 10 11 12 4 x 8 x 1 x 4 x 2 x 5 x 1 x 2 x 2 x 1 x 25 27 1 x 4x › stopwatch... - Page 33 Catapults &Crossbows EXPERIMENT 10 Top view...
- Page 34 EXPERIMENT 10 Large rubber band Place the mangonel on the floor, load a foam ball, pull back the arm, and fire the ball. Place the mangonel on the end of a table and shoot the foam ball off the table onto the floor. Both times, use the stopwatch to time how long the foam ball is in the air.
- Page 35 Kosmos Quality and Safety More than one hundred years of expertise in publishing science experiment kits stand behind every product that bears the Kosmos name. Kosmos experiment kits are designed by an experienced team of specialists and tested with the utmost care during development and production.
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