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128D
User manual
Commodore 128D User Manual
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System manual
(448 pages)
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Contents
Table of Contents
Bookmarks
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Sectjon 1-How to Use this Guide
Overview of the Commodore C128 H
Personal Computer
Overview of the Commodore C128
Overview of the Commodore C128 Personal Computer
C128 Mode C64Mode
CP/M Mode
Using Software
Switching between Modes
Chapter II-Using C128 Mode
Getting Started
Direct Mode
Program Mode
Using the Keyboard
Keyboard Character Sets
Using the Command Keys
Function Keys
Displaying Graphic Characters
Rules for Typing BASIC Language Programs
GETTING STARTED-The PRINT COMMAND
Printing Numbers
Using the Question Mark to Abbreviate the PRINT Command
Printing Text
Printing in Different Colors
Using the Cursor Keys Inside Quotes with the PRINT Command
Beginning to Program
What a Program Is
Line Numbers
Viewing Your Program-The LIST Command
A Simple Loop-The GOTO Statement
Clearing the Computer's Memory-The NEW Command
Using Color in a Program
Editing Your Program
Erasing a Line from a Program
Duplicating a Line
Replacing a Line
Changing a Line
Mathematical Operations
Addition and Subtraction
Multiplication and Division
Exponentiation
Order of Operations
Using Parentheses to Define the Order of Operations
Constants, Variables and Strings
Constants
Sample Program
Storing and Reusing Your Programs
Formatting a Disk-The HEADER Command
Saveingondisk
Saveing on Cassette
Loading from Disk
Loading from Cassette
Other Disk-Related Commands 46 U
Section 4-Basic Programming
COMPUTER DECISIONS-The IF-THEN Statement
Using the Colon
LOOPS-The FOR-NEXT Command
Empty Loops-Inserting Delays in a Program
The STEP Command
Inputting Data
The INPUT Command
Assigning a Value to a Variable
Prompt Messages
The GET Command
Sample Program
The READ-DATA Command
The RESTORE Command
Using Arrays
Subscripted Variables
Dimensioning Arrays
Sample Program
Programming Subroutines
The GOSUB-RETURN Command
The on GOTO/GOSUB Command
Using Memory Location
Using PEEK and POKE for RAM Access
Using PEEK
Using POKE
Basic Functions
What Is a Function
The INTEGER Function (INT)
Generating Random Numbers-The RND Function
The ASC and CH R$ Commands
Converting Strings and Numbers
The VAL Function
The STR$ Function
The Square Root Function (SQR)
The Absolute Value Function (ABS)
The Stop and Cont (Continue) Commands
Section 5-Advanced Basic 7.0 Commands
Introduction
Until
While
Exit
The else Clause with IF-THEN
The BEGIN/BEND Sequence with IF-THEN
The SLEEP Command
Formatting Output
The PRINT USING Command
The PUDEF Command
Sample Program
Inputting Data with Thegetkey Command
Programming Aids
Entering Programs
Auto
Renumber
Delete
Identifying Problems in Your Programs
Help
Error Trapping-The TRAP Command
Program Tracing-The TRON and TROFF Commands
Windowing
Using the WINDOW Command to Create a Window
Using the ESC Key to Create a Window
Keys Unique to C128 Mode
Function Keys
Redefining Function Keys
Other Keys Used in C128 Mode Only
Help
Scroll
Caps Lock
40/80 Display
Alt
Tab
Line Feed
Mhz Operation
The FAST and SLOW Commands
Section 6-Color, Animation and Sprite Graphics
Statements Unique to the C128
Section 7-Sound and Music in C128 Mode
Introduction
The Sound Statement
Writing a SOUND Program
Random Sounds
Advanced Sound and Music in C128 Mode
A Brief Background: the Characteristics of Sound
Making Music on the Commodore 128
The ENVELOPE Statement
The TEMPO Statement
The PLAY Statement
The SID Filter
The Fl LTER Statement
Tying Your Music Program Together
Advanced Filtering
Coding a Song from Sheet Music
Section 8-Using 80 Columns
Introduction
The 40/80 Key
Video Ports and Monitors
Connecting a Monitor
Types of Monitors
Composite Monitors
RGBI Monitors
Dual Monitors
Creating 80-Column Programs
Using Prepackaged 80-Column Software
Using 40 and 80 Columns Together
Chapter III-Using C64 Mode
C64 Mode
Chapter IV-Using CP/M Mode
Table of Contents
Creating a File
Naming a File
File Specification
Drive Specifier
Filename
Filetype
Password
Sample File Specif Ication
User Number
Using Wildcard Characters to Access more than One File
Reserved Characters
Reserved Filetypes
What Is a File
Cp/M System Files
Cp/M + .Sys
Ccp.com
Other .COM Files
What Is on Your Cp/M Disk
Section 14-Summary of Major Cp/M 3.0 Commands
Built-In Commands
The Two Types of Cp/M 3.0 Commands
Transient Utility Commands
Assigning Logical Devices
Redirecting Input and Output
Executing Multiple Commands
Finding Program Files
Getting Help
Terminating Programs
Commodore
Keyboard Enhancements
Defining a String
Using ALT Mode
Screen Enhancements
Mfm Disk Formats
Chapter V-Basic 7.0 Encyclopedia
Section 16-Introduction
Section 17-BASIC Commands and Statements
Section 18-BASIC Functions
Section 19-Variables and Operators
Section 20-Reserved Words and Symbols
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COMMODORE
TM
PERSONAL COMPUTER
System Guide
Table of
Contents
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Page
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Chapters
Table of Contents
9
Overview of the Commodore C128 H
15
Getting Started
25
Section 4-Basic Programming
57
Section 5-Advanced Basic 7.0 Commands
81
Section 7-Sound and Music in C128 Mode
135
Section 8-Using 80 Columns
167
Table of Contents
199
Section 14-Summary of Major Cp/M 3.0 Commands
219
Commodore
229
Table of Contents
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