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Title
Method of Procedures - 1-Port PIM finder
Reviewed
MARTIN.BAILEY
All information contained within this document is confidential and proprietary to KAELUS. Unless
otherwise agreed in writing by KAELUS, the disclosure, use, copying and distribution of the
information is prohibited
Author
Christine.Blair
Method Of Procedures
(MOP)
1-port PIM Finder
Classified
Doc. No.
TN122621
Approved
HB
© 2022 Kaelus. All Rights Reserved.
Rev
Sheet
B
1(19)
Date
2023-08-22
www.kaelus.com
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Table of Contents
Related Manuals for Kaelus iPA-0600D
Summary of Contents for Kaelus iPA-0600D
- Page 1 (MOP) 1-port PIM Finder All information contained within this document is confidential and proprietary to KAELUS. Unless otherwise agreed in writing by KAELUS, the disclosure, use, copying and distribution of the information is prohibited © 2022 Kaelus. All Rights Reserved.
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Page 2: Table Of Contents
Perform a swept PIM test of the site ................12 3.3.5 Perform Range to Fault (RTF) measurements............13 3.3.6 PIM Finder Mode......................17 3.3.7 Verify the PIM level ....................19 3.3.8 Document your findings....................19 © 2022 Kaelus. All Rights Reserved. www.kaelus.com Page 2 of 19... -
Page 3: General
This document describes the Method Of Procedure (MOP) for performing external PIM finding using the 1-port PIM Finder Solution from Kaelus. The MOP focuses on standard equipment setup and process to be followed for a successful mitigation of external PIM. -
Page 4: Equipment Overview
The iVA has an internal battery which, if full at the Charger beginning of the day, should last the whole day under normal use. Cleaning kits Various cleaning material and swabs To keep RF connectors clean during measurement © 2022 Kaelus. All Rights Reserved. www.kaelus.com Page 4 of 19... -
Page 5: Pim Mitigation And Tools
Passive Intermodulation analyser and Range to Fault Module Any of the 1-port Passive Intermodulation Analysers (IPA) can be used for PIM finding, refer to Kaelus iPA Series | Battery Portable Passive Intermodulation Analyzer | Kaelus. Select a Range to Fault (RTF) module suited to the IPA model. -
Page 6: Ipa Measurement Modes
The RTF module need to be fitted for this mode to be enabled. The RTF is used to check the distance to PIM sources and to Return Loss faults. See section 3.3.6 © 2022 Kaelus. All Rights Reserved. www.kaelus.com Page 6 of 19... -
Page 7: Process Flow
Plan a testing sequence, based on the KPI results of the radios, i.e., which sector / antenna ports to focus on first. PIM finding process overview Once you arrive on site, the following flowchart shows the overall PIM finding process. © 2022 Kaelus. All Rights Reserved. www.kaelus.com Page 7 of 19... -
Page 8: Step By Step Instruction
When you arrive on site, perform a site inspection and identify potential PIM sources such as: Metal Swarf left over from construction: remedy remove Loose cable ties: remedyremove, cut excess © 2022 Kaelus. All Rights Reserved. www.kaelus.com Page 8 of 19... -
Page 9: Instrument Preparation
You may need to obtain approval to perform this activity. Check with the local authority. © 2022 Kaelus. All Rights Reserved. www.kaelus.com Page 9 of 19... -
Page 10: Prepare The Test Configuration And Reporting
Creating Site Details for PIM test report video. 3.3.2.3 Prepare the instrument Videos | PIM Testing | Sweep Testing | Kaelus provide a detailed description of the PIM Finder methodology, in particular the setting of the instruments are well explained. © 2022 Kaelus. All Rights Reserved. - Page 11 Check the Receiver level by connecting the CIS-0001A. Set the tones at 43dBm and perform a PIM sweep across frequency. Does the PIM level meet the level stated in the datasheet? Kaelus CIS-0001A | Passive Intermodulation (PIM) Source | Kaelus (ie IM3 ~-75dB to -65dBm depending on frequency) Perform RTF Zeroing o A Yellow Zero Button, indicates that RTF (Port) requires zeroing.
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Page 12: Interference Check
1-Port PIM Finder - MOP Set up the iVA for the PIM Finder mode, see Videos | PIM Testing | Sweep Testing | Kaelus PIM Finder Software Quick Start Guide. Connect the iVA, Low PIM probe and the filter together. The magnetic holder can be used to secure the phone making one handed operation possible. -
Page 13: Perform Range To Fault (Rtf) Measurements
When troubleshooting for “external” PIM sources, it is recommended to set the Velocity Factor (VF) to 1 (signal propagating through air).Once Zeroing is complete, user is able to make set-up changes, i.e.. frequency, © 2022 Kaelus. All Rights Reserved. www.kaelus.com Page 13 of 19... - Page 14 External PIM measurements. 11. Place marker 1 on the peak, add tag “External PIM” and record the measurement. Distance between Marker 1: Antenna face M1 and M2 Marker 2 © 2022 Kaelus. All Rights Reserved. www.kaelus.com Page 14 of 19...
- Page 15 Overlay the Distance to Fault (DTF) with the DTP plots. If the DTF and DTP lobes coincide, the PIM source is located at an RF junction such as connector joints. © 2022 Kaelus. All Rights Reserved. www.kaelus.com Page 15 of 19...
- Page 16 RTF screen to enter the plot settings screen and change the distance to start at the antenna face. Since Marker 1 represents the location of the antenna face, it is a critical marker position. It can be locked to prevent accidental change. © 2022 Kaelus. All Rights Reserved. www.kaelus.com Page 16 of 19...
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Page 17: Pim Finder Mode
Your screen turns red and stays red, only when the trace crosses the threshold set by your PIM Finder Limit. A short beep gets your attention without distracting from the continuous audio. © 2022 Kaelus. All Rights Reserved. www.kaelus.com Page 17 of 19... - Page 18 Turn the IPA transmitter on and using the probe, confirm that the PIM level has been reduced. Take a picture of the mitigation implemented so it can be added to the report. © 2022 Kaelus. All Rights Reserved. www.kaelus.com Page 18 of 19...
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Page 19: Verify The Pim Level
There may be PIM sources identified which are part of the infrastructure around the site which may need future work. Ensure the relevant pictures and sketches are collected so that further site improvements can be effectively performed. © 2022 Kaelus. All Rights Reserved. www.kaelus.com Page 19 of 19...