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Kaelus iBA PASSIVE IM Operating & Maintenance Manual

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iBA PASSIVE IM ANALYSER SYSTEM
Operating & Maintenance Manual
This document contains information which is confidential and the property of Kaelus,
and which is not to be communicated to any person or company, or used in any way
without the previous authorization of Kaelus.
© 2017 Kaelus. All rights reserved.

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Summary of Contents for Kaelus iBA PASSIVE IM

  • Page 1 PASSIVE IM ANALYSER SYSTEM Operating & Maintenance Manual This document contains information which is confidential and the property of Kaelus, and which is not to be communicated to any person or company, or used in any way without the previous authorization of Kaelus.
  • Page 2 Creation of document by Eng 09/09/16 IR11184 Remove spec content 200Khz Steps sizes Rev B IR11200 - Remove Warranty section 22/06/17 Update to s/ware release 12.22 Approval Name Date Document Title Revision Author 22/06/17 Verified Rev B R99-0141-iBA_OPERATING_&_MAINTENANCE_MANUAL_RevB.doc www.kaelus.com - 2-...
  • Page 3 Also, the unit should be operated by a suitably qualified operator in order to ensure interference is not caused to other spectrum users. Radiation through an antenna requires authorization by the frequency license holder to do so. www.kaelus.com - 3-...
  • Page 4 DISCLAIMER- INTERFERENCE The instrument uses similar frequencies and power levels to several cellular telephone systems. Kaelus and its agents or distributors accept no responsibility for interference to existing communications services as a result of improper operation or misuse. If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.
  • Page 5 Should any damage be noted, notify the carrier immediately to file a transit damage claim. Do not discard any packing material until notified by the carrier or Kaelus. Carefully unpack all containers and check that all items listed on the delivery documentation. Please notify Kaelus of any damaged or missing items from the shipment.

  • Page 6: Table Of Contents

    Advance control panel ........................52 OPERATION IN ENGINEERING MODE - TUTORIAL ................59 ............................59 VERVIEW 7.1.1 Time Mode............................59 7.1.2 Swept Frequency Mode........................60 7.1.3 Spectrum Mode..........................61 7.1.4 RTF (Range to fault) Mode....................... 61 www.kaelus.com - 6-...
  • Page 7 AINTENANCE OF THE ERMINATIONS 10.6.1 SI-20A and SI-30A Connector Maintenance ................101 10.7 ............101 DVANCED ERIFICATION AND ROUBLESHOOTING ECHNIQUES 10.7.1 Power Output ..........................101 10.7.2 Frequency Output ........................103 SERVICE ............................104 11.1 ........................104 YSTEM ONTROLLER www.kaelus.com - 7-...
  • Page 8 ERVER NOT STARTING OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES ....................107 12.1 RTF M ........................... 107 ODULE 12.2 AISG MODEM ..........................108 12.3 FORWARD PIM OPTION (6RU CHASSIS) ..................108 12.4 REVERSE PIM OPTION (4RU CHASSIS) ..................109 INDEX ............................. 112 www.kaelus.com - 8-...
  • Page 9 Figure 46 iBA A Series (Reverse PIM) Single port ....................109 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Stimulus Response Indicators ........................46 Table 2. Default Frequency, Power and Mode......................63 Table 3. Key Measurement Uncertainty Values for 10, 20, and 30 dB-Down Error Sources........85 --9 – www.kaelus.com...
  • Page 10 Operating and Maintenance Manual Table 4 iBA A Series Models ..........................110 Table 5 iBA B Series Models ..........................111 www.kaelus.com - 10-...

  • Page 11: Conformity Statements

    Referenced Safety Standard: EN 61010-1:2010 EN 61010-030:2010 The design, development and manufacturing of Kaelus Pty Ltd products are controlled by an ISO 9001:2008 certified Quality Management System. Authorised representation within the EU is Kaelus, Block, 29 Dunsinane Ave, Dundee DD2 3QF, United Kingdom...

  • Page 12: Ce Statement

    Operating and Maintenance Manual …………………………………….. Christine Blair Engineering Director Kaelus Pty Ltd Aug 2016 ID: EUTA2036A1 CE Statement. The iBA manual contains a copy of the unsigned CE DOC. This product is identified as Professional equipment which is not intended for use in a domestic environment.

  • Page 13: Rcm Statement

    This unit is sold in Australia, as commercial test equipment only and is not for domestic consumption. It is outside the scope of ERAC (AS/NZ4417). An electronic copy of the RCM DoC is available from Kaelus on request. This product is identified as Professional equipment which is not intended for use in a domestic environment.
  • Page 14 Operating and Maintenance Manual The IBA manual includes warning for RF ports warning of the hazardous RF power at each applicable port in accordance with UL/EN 61010-1. The IBA manual excludes use of product in explosive or hazardous environments. www.kaelus.com - 14-...

  • Page 15: Operating Instructions

    : This symbol indicates information that may be MPORTANT NOTE helpful in properly using or understanding the operation of the instrument. Means Frequency One, the frequency derived from the first frequency synthesizer, Carrier 1. www.kaelus.com - 15-...

  • Page 16: Before Applying Power

    In order to comply with EMI/EMC requirements, it is recommended that all equipment be grounded to a common frame ground point. Provision for this grounding is made on the rear panel of each major 19” rack chassis in the form of a M6 stud. See 4.3.1.3 www.kaelus.com - 16-...

  • Page 17: Fuse Replacement/Voltage Setting

    2. Remove the fuse housing by clamping the release clips with your fingers and pulling the fuse housing from the module. 3. Install the appropriate time-delay fuse in the fuse socket. 4. Insert the fuse housing back into the module. Figure 1 Fuse Housing www.kaelus.com - 17-...

  • Page 18: Equipment Ratings

    Standards for your facility. Equipment Ratings Complete technical specifications and equipment ratings may be found in the “Technical Specifications” In the Kaelus Website www.kaelus.com If this instrument is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.

  • Page 19: Product Overview

    Passive Intermodulation Analyzer Product Overview PRODUCT OVERVIEW 3.1.1.1 3.1.1.3 3.1.1.4 3.1.1.7 3.1.1.5 3.1.1.6 3.1.1.8 Figure 2 iBA –A 3.1.1.2 3.1.1.3 3.1.1.1 3.1.1.4 3.1.1.5 3.1.1.6 3.1.1.7 3.1.1.8 Figure 3 iBA - B --19 – www.kaelus.com...

  • Page 20: Front Panel Items

    When the RTF Module is fitted a short USB A to USB mini B cable is supplied that needs to be connected from the RTF to the iBA USB receptacle. 3.1.1.8 ON/OFF Switch. Switches the main supply to standby. Note: Power supply cooling fans will still operate. www.kaelus.com - 20-...

  • Page 21: Identifying Your Equipment Type

    System Description The Kaelus line of Passive IM (PIM) Analyzers measure the distortion from passive RF components such as cables, filters, antennas, etc. The analyzer consists of Two main units: 1. System Controller (Computer, PIM Server and Chrome browser connecting to the Virtual Front Panel ) 2.

  • Page 22: System Controller

    RF performance. 3.3.3 System Control Software The system controller will have to have the Kaelus PIM Server and the USB driver installed. When the IBA is connected to the controlling PC via USB it will appear as a USB drive, the Kaelus Web server software R950306-Rev12.*-SWARE-PIM_SERVER will appear on that...

  • Page 23: Figure 5 Pim Server

    Passive Intermodulation Analyzer Product Overview 3.3.3.7 3.3.3.5 3.3.3.2 3.3.3.1 3.3.3.4 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.8 Figure 5 PIM Server www.kaelus.com - 23-...
  • Page 24 The software is installed via the R950306 –Rev12* SWARE-PIM_SERVER.msi software installer under Windows 7, 10 .to the c:\Program Files (x86)\Kaelus\ folder on the System Controller. Complete procedures for re-installing the software are contained in the Service section 11 of this manual.

  • Page 25: Figure 6 Pim Server Settings Menu

    Passive Intermodulation Analyzer Product Overview 3.3.3.8 Settings Enables the settings pop-up menu below. 3.3.3.8.1 3.3.3.8.2 3.3.3.8.3 3.3.3.8.4 3.3.3.8.5 3.3.3.8.6 3.3.3.8.7 3.3.3.8.8 3.3.3.8.9 3.3.3.8.10 3.3.3.8.11 3.3.3.8.12 3.3.3.8.13 Figure 6 PIM Server Settings Menu 3.3.3.8.14 www.kaelus.com - 25-...
  • Page 26 If this is checked, when at the Home screen, or when an API disconnect or timeout has occurred Power amps will be turned off. www.kaelus.com - 26-...

  • Page 27: For Additional Technical Assistance

    Save the current settings and restart server to enable the settings. 3.3.3.8.14 Generate Error report This will generate a zip file that can be sent when requesting service support. Your Kaelus support center can use this file to assist with your service query.
  • Page 28 Passive Intermodulation Analyzer Product Overview www.kaelus.com - 28-...

  • Page 29: Installation

    Notify both the carrier and Kaelus upon the following conditions: The packaging material shows signs of water damage. The protective plastic bag surrounding the equipment is torn.

  • Page 30: Figure 7 System Assembly

    THE IBA MODULE AND THE MOUNTING RACK (IF USED). THIS WILL ENSURE CORRECT GROUNDING OF THE UNITS FOR EMC/EMI PERFORMANCE. Figure 7 System Assembly Refer to Section 2.4 to ensure the correct Fuse is fitted. Refer to Figure 10 for Ground strap connection point. www.kaelus.com - 30-...

  • Page 31: Figure 8 Block Diagram For The A Series Passive Im Analyzer (4Ru)

    Passive Intermodulation Analyzer Installation Figure 8 Block Diagram for the A series passive IM Analyzer (4RU). Figure 9 Block Diagram B Series Passive IM Analyser (6RU) www.kaelus.com - 31-...
  • Page 32 These adapters are provided to protect the analyzer’s port connectors from wear. To help ensure the maximum possible connector life, do not remove these connector savers until they are worn, which is indicated by high and/or intermittent residual IM. Please refer to Section 7.1.3. www.kaelus.com - 32-...

  • Page 33: Turning On The Analyzer

    4. During system boot up the PC will start the “Kaelus PIM Server” Application, once it indicates the modules have been found and the server is running the Launch Portal icon can be pressed.

  • Page 34: Shutting Down The Analyzer

    RF port is properly terminated before turning on the RF power. (Note : If the iBA is turned off, and PC controller left running, the Kaelus PIM Server application will need to be closed and started again after the modules are turned on, so the hardware is correctly recognized.)
  • Page 35 Passive Intermodulation Analyzer Installation For operator safety the carrier power on both channels must be turned off prior to the connection or disconnection of a DUT to the iBA. www.kaelus.com - 35-...

  • Page 36: Home Screen

    The add instrument function needs to be used for additional instruments so they can be given a meaningful label. 5.2.1 5.2.1.3 5.2.1.2 5.1.1 5.2.1.1 5.1.1.1 5.1.1.2 5.1.1.3 5.1.1.4 5.1.1.5 5.1.1.6 5.1.1.7 Figure 11 Home screen www.kaelus.com - 36-...

  • Page 37: Add Instrument

    5.1.1.6 Available instruments The available iBA instruments to add is shown here. Other instrument types if available will be displayed in the other tabs. When selected the instrument to be added will highlight green. www.kaelus.com - 37-...
  • Page 38 Passive Intermodulation Analyzer Home Screen 5.1.1.7 This will add the selected instrument to the home screen. Once on the Home screen it can be selected to enter the REMOVE/VFP/PIM screen. www.kaelus.com - 38-...

  • Page 39: Instrument Selection

    PIM Test, depending on the mode desired. Select open link in new tab. 5.2.1.1 Remove Remove will delete the selected instrument from the home page. 5.2.1.2 Open the Virtual Front Panel in Engineering mode. See Section 6. 5.2.1.3 Opens the Virtual Front Panel in Production Mode See Section 8. www.kaelus.com - 39-...

  • Page 40: Operation In Engineering Mode

    2. IM Product pull down menu. There are 4 product pull down menus, each with a different color that corresponds to the color of the trace line to be used. --40 – www.kaelus.com...

  • Page 41: Figure 13 Trace Pull Down Menu

    5. Virtual Front Panel (VFP) Browsing address. The standard configuration is to have the PIM Server installed on a local PC. When the (Launch Portal) button on the PIM Server is pressed, the local default web browser will be www.kaelus.com - 41-...

  • Page 42: Figure 15 Control Indicator

    You have control of the iBA and you are preventing another user taking control You are browsing the iBA and could take control. You are browsing the iBA and are prevented from taking control. Figure 15 Control indicator www.kaelus.com - 42-...

  • Page 43: Figure 16 Settings Menu

    Enable/Disable change languages or reset the settings back to factory defaults. Beeper Operates on Tx Pull down menu to select the operating Language Resets settings back to factory defaults Press OK when complete. Figure 16 Settings Menu www.kaelus.com - 43-...

  • Page 44: Figure 17 Bar Graph Display

    Indicates the highest point measured of each trace, the peak indicator will sit on the peak point on the line if in the currently displayed window or above the line if the peak occurred prior to the displayed region. www.kaelus.com - 44-...
  • Page 45 The current trace, history and peak markers will be cleared, the trace will begin at 0 secs and start again. 20. Trace time scale. The trace time scale is in seconds since the last Erase current display command. See Item 19 above. 21. Time trace elapsed time. www.kaelus.com - 45-...

  • Page 46: Table 1. Stimulus Response Indicators

    Transmitter on Port 2 and receiver on Port 1. Table 1. Stimulus Response Indicators Note : Available path and switching options will depend on the iBA model purchased Refer Figure 8 and Figure 9, not all models have dual receive bands. www.kaelus.com - 46-...
  • Page 47 On or Off, Indicators on this panel turn red when the transmitters are on. Individual transmitters can be turned on and off by clicking on their individual indicator spot. An accompanying beeper on the control PC can also indicate RF on. See Figure 16 www.kaelus.com - 47-...
  • Page 48 See the Advanced control panel section for instruction on how to change this Section 6.1.3 28. Trace Run/Pause. Switches between run Click on this icon to make the trace run when paused. Click on when running to pause the display. www.kaelus.com - 48-...

  • Page 49: Display Zoom Control

    It is possible to Zoom in on the amplitude of a displayed trace. Click either above or below the section of the trace you want to expand, while holding down the mouse button wipe across the section of display to be expanded. See Figure 18 and Figure 19 Figure 18 Zoom Swipe View www.kaelus.com - 49-...

  • Page 50: Figure 19 Zoom Expanded View

    Passive Intermodulation Analyzer Operation in Engineering Mode 6.1.1.1 Figure 19 Zoom Expanded View 6.1.1.1 Resetting Zoom Click on the icon to return Zoom to full scale www.kaelus.com - 50-...

  • Page 51: Hover Over Results

    X,Y result on the Plot. See Figure 20 6.1.1.1 Figure 20 Mouse hover over result display A small colored halo will appear around the measurement point and the X,Y result will appear. www.kaelus.com - 51-...

  • Page 52: Advance Control Panel

    Many Instrument settings can be accessed via the advance control panel, a scroll bar appears on the right hand side, use it to scroll to other items in this panel. Click on dock the advanced control panel. Figure 21 Advanced control panel (top part) www.kaelus.com - 52-...
  • Page 53 (See item 5) this control will be disabled and be a darker grey color. 9. Advanced control panel slide control This allows you slide up and down to view the various controls under the advanced control panel. www.kaelus.com - 53-...
  • Page 54 This area will display the current frequency for F2. If you click on this area you can also enter the desired frequency via the PC keyboard 17. Adjust frequency down F2 This control when clicked adjusts frequency down in 100 KHz steps. www.kaelus.com - 54-...

  • Page 55: Figure 22 Advanced Control Panel (Middle Part)

    A Yellow indicator here would show whether the 1800MHz Transmitter is connected to Port 2. When grey as shown here, means that the 1800MHz transmitter is not connected to port 2. T key can be used as a hotkey to toggle the Transmit port between Port 2 and Port 1 www.kaelus.com - 55-...
  • Page 56 Likewise the receive signal level indicated is also compensated up by the selected test cable loss. 23. Test Port cable loss Port 2 As per above for Port 2. www.kaelus.com - 56-...

  • Page 57: Figure 23 Advanced Control Panel (Lower Part)

    31. F2 Stop frequency indicator. Indicates the lower frequency for the end of the sweep for F2 , when highlighted, the controls (Items 33, 34, 36) can be used to adjust the F2 Stop frequency. 32. F2 Start/Stop Adjustment indicator www.kaelus.com - 57-...
  • Page 58 Adjusts indicated sweep frequency limit up in frequency, each click is 100 KHz. : To optimize measurement speed, the MPORTANT analyzer actually measures only those IM responses which fall within the receive band of the RF unit. Those responses falling outside the receive band are not measured or displayed. www.kaelus.com - 58-...

  • Page 59: Operation In Engineering Mode - Tutorial

    IM products that land within the pass band for the analyzer. This mode is particularly useful for observing how the IM changes with time due to environmental and/or mechanical stress. Time Mode Figure 24 Time Mode www.kaelus.com - 59-...

  • Page 60: Swept Frequency Mode

    This is particularly true on band-limited devices. Frequency Swept Mode Figure 25 Frequency Swept Mode. www.kaelus.com - 60-...

  • Page 61: Spectrum Mode

    IBA IM analyser. A CIS-0001A PIM Source will also be required for RTF calibration. When attached to an iBA, the external RTF module enables the iBA to determine the location and magnitude of individual PIM faults in the device under test. In www.kaelus.com - 61-...

  • Page 62: Measurement Detail

    (DUT) is lower than the Residual IM, the measurement will display the Residual IM level and not the PIM of the DUT. Note that even when the Residual PIM is lower than the PIM of the DUT, this ratio impacts the measurement uncertainty (please refer to www.kaelus.com - 62-...

  • Page 63: Table 2. Default Frequency, Power And Mode

    Figure 12 Item 10 a. Using the pass fail limit line See Figure 12 Item 10. Enter a spec limit of -125dBm 7. Upon start-up, the RF power is off and the measured IM value is the system noise floor. www.kaelus.com - 63-...
  • Page 64 16. Note that the “Virtual Front Panel” shows the power of Carrier 2 to be lower than Carrier 17. Press the LOCK button to relock the carrier powers. Note that Carrier 2 increases to the same 43 dBm selected for Carrier 1. (Refer Figure 21 Item 5). www.kaelus.com - 64-...

  • Page 65: Im Measurement Time Mode

    Figure 32 Item 11. Plot results can also be stored as Comma Separated Values files in the production reports directory on the computer running the Kaelus PIM server. Usually c:\Users\username\My Documents\Kaelus\PIM Server\Reports\Unit-iBAmodel. Note...

  • Page 66: Im Measurement-Swept Frequency

    For this example, the DUT is assumed to be a low IM termination (Kaelus SI-20, SI-30 or equal) that is attached directly to Port 1 of the PIM Analyzer or attached by a high quality, low IM cable assembly.
  • Page 67 See Figure 12 Item 1 and 2 . Note that the analyzer does not sweep all the way up to the highest frequency on the Carrier 1 Up sweep; nor does www.kaelus.com - 67-...
  • Page 68 F2 Sweep Start frequency highlight Start first. See Figure 23 Item 35 . Your choice will be confirmed by both Item 32 “ Sweep Start “, becoming a lighter color , but also start will appear beside the adjustment panel See item 34 , now the F2 start www.kaelus.com - 68-...
  • Page 69 (F4) RF On/Off panel. This will commence each of the checked traces in turn. Each trace is plotted in 2 parts, F1 low to high sweep followed by F2 high to low sweep, this is why you will see 2 lines of the same color for each trace. www.kaelus.com - 69-...

  • Page 70: Spectrum Mode

    Adjusts the frequency of the by highlighted stop/start Rx Sweep Range. -+ controls or highlighting the number and entering the value numerically. 7.2.4.5 Frequency Step size. Adjusts the step size between measurement points, 100KHz to 2 MHz www.kaelus.com - 70-...

  • Page 71: Rtf (Range To Fault) Measurement Mode (Optional)

    Selecting Trace type This pulldown menu allows you to select which trace type be displayed Return Loss, IM3 or IM5 products. As with other trace menus the checkbox indicates whether the trace will be shown or not. www.kaelus.com - 71-...

  • Page 72: Figure 30 Rtf Advanced Configuration Menu

    Faults closer to the instrument causing insertion loss many need to be repaired before more distant measurements can be detected. www.kaelus.com - 72-...
  • Page 73 When the start frequency icon is highlighted the adjustment control can be used to enter the swept start frequency used for RTF measurements. 7.2.5.9 RTF F2 stop frequency setting. When the stop frequency icon is highlighted the adjustment control can be used to enter the swept stop frequency used for RTF measurements. www.kaelus.com - 73-...

  • Page 74: Operation In Production Mode

    The Swept PIM trace or Timed PIM trace will appear according to the current test step being executed. 8.1.1.1 8.1.1.2 8.1.1.3 8.1.1.4 8.1.1.14 8.1.1.9 8.1.1.5 8.1.1.6 8.1.1.7 8.1.1.11 8.1.1.10 8.1.1.15 8.1.1.16 8.1.1.12 8.1.1.13 8.1.1.8 Figure 31 Production Mode www.kaelus.com - 74-...
  • Page 75 Supervisor mode only. 8.1.1.9 Next Step Control Next step control is used to progress to the next test step, when a test step is set to manual, next step is pressed to progress to the next test step www.kaelus.com - 75-...
  • Page 76 See Figure 32 and Figure 33 for step settings. 8.1.1.16 Hover over results Holding the cursor over a point in the display will show the co-ordinate result for that point. See also Figure 20 and Section 6.1.2 www.kaelus.com - 76-...

  • Page 77: Edit Test Steps Menu

    8.2.1 Edit Steps Time Mode 8.2.1.1 8.2.1.2 8.2.1.11 8.2.1.3 8.2.1.4 8.2.1.5 8.2.1.6 8.2.1.7 8.2.1.8 8.2.1.12 8.2.1.9 8.2.1.13 8.2.1.10 Figure 32 Edit Steps menu (Time Mode) 8.2.1.1 Up/Down through test steps Move the currently selected test step Up/Down through the test order. www.kaelus.com - 77-...
  • Page 78 Automatic will execute the current test step then automatically move on to the next test step. In Manual mode the test will not continue until the next step control is pressed. See Figure 31 Item 9. www.kaelus.com - 78-...
  • Page 79 Port 1. Keep cable losses to a minimum, particularly if testing at higher power levels. Compensating for higher cable losses causes the Transmitter to run at higher power and temperature. 8.2.1.13 Test Port Cable Loss (Port 2) As Per 8.2.1.12 except compensated for the Port 2 cable. www.kaelus.com - 79-...

  • Page 80: Edit Steps Pim Mode

    8.2.2.1 F1 Start Frequency Click on the Start Icon, when selected will display a lighter green color Item 15 Control can now be used to adjust the F1 Start Frequency. www.kaelus.com - 80-...
  • Page 81 8.2.2.8 Measurement Type Measurement type can be automatic or manual. Manual mode requires Next Step to be pressed before the next step in the test sequence is executed. Automatic caused the current step to be completed automatically www.kaelus.com - 81-...

  • Page 82: Reports Settings Menu

    The model will be included in the directory name \1-iBA-1800A B\ for example is the first iBA model iBA-1800A B and so on if the (Create a reports subfolder for each instrument) is checked. www.kaelus.com - 82-...

  • Page 83: Include Failures

    DUT model and serial number. If unchecked the filename created is derived from the serial number only. 8.3.5 Beep on Limit Failure If checked the browser session will beep should the product fail the test spec set. www.kaelus.com - 83-...

  • Page 84: Applications Information

    Some useful data points from this curve are presented in Table 3 Note 1: Port 2 only available in the IBA B Series www.kaelus.com - 84-...

  • Page 85: Figure 35 Standard Voltage Error Curve

    Figure 35 indicate. This is because the internal receiver in the analyzer utilizes significant amounts of video filtering to effectively reduce the magnitude of random noise errors to their mean value. www.kaelus.com - 85-...

  • Page 86: Measuring Residual Im

    When measuring the IM of antennas, it is important to eliminate the following common sources of error: Residual IM Stability: Ensure the residual IM of the cable connecting to the antenna remains below the desired DUT IM level. This can be tested by placing a low-IM www.kaelus.com - 86-...
  • Page 87 The result is that the power reference point is moved to the end of the cable. Therefore, all power indications displayed and printed are accurate for the power present at the end of the cable. www.kaelus.com - 87-...

  • Page 88: Interpreting Im Test Results

    Applications Information Interpreting IM Test Results The Kaelus PIM Analyzer provides four unique displays for evaluating the IM performance of a device-under-test. These are: 1. Time Mode: Displays up to four IM products simultaneously as a function of time in seconds.

  • Page 89: Rtf Mode

    (depending upon the electrical length of the cable at the IM frequency), a single-frequency test is insufficient to characterize the cable’s worst-case performance across an entire communications band. This requires the use of the Swept Frequency Mode to www.kaelus.com - 89-...

  • Page 90: Duplexers

    “Forward” (or through) IM measurement mode is selected on the analyzer. By monitoring the reverse (reflected) IM power, the integrity of the Tx-port connection can be monitored to ensure a high IM level is not being injected into the duplexer. www.kaelus.com - 90-...

  • Page 91: Antennas

    Port 2 of the analyzer. This second approach has the added advantage of being able to measure the IM present on the orthogonal antenna port while the other port is driven with two high power carriers. www.kaelus.com - 91-...

  • Page 92: Measuring High Im Level Devices (E.g. Ferrites)

    9.7.4 Measuring High IM Level Devices (e.g. Ferrites) The PIM Analyzers provided by Kaelus are optimized for receiving IM signals between approximately –50 and –140 dBm. IM signals above -48dBm are digitally limited. IM Signals above 20dBm may damage the receiver protection circuits.

  • Page 93: Figure 39. Measuring High Forward Im Levels With The Pim Analyzer

    IM level. If unsure, start with two 30 dB attenuators placed back-to-back. The purpose of the attenuators is to further reduce the IM power below the level achieved with the directional coupler alone. www.kaelus.com - 93-...

  • Page 94: Figure 40. Measuring The Im Of A Power Combiner Using Individual Cw Tones

    Increase the power in small increments (3 dB per step) until an IM signal is detected. If an IM signal is not detected at the maximum desired carrier power, remove some attenuation from the coupled port of the directional coupler and repeat this test. www.kaelus.com - 94-...
  • Page 95 IM power level results. Minimize the length of cable between Port 1 of the analyzer and the DUT. Make sure the IM signal decreases when the carrier power decreases. If not, the receiver may be in hard compression. www.kaelus.com - 95-...

  • Page 96: Forward And Reverse Pim

    PIM in the cable may make PIM more difficult to detect. In these instances swapping the end the signal source is applied to and checking reverse PIM on each end can assist. Figure 41 Reverse PIM Figure 42 Forward PIM www.kaelus.com - 96-...

  • Page 97: Maintenance

    It is highly recommended that the PIM Server computer be connected to an uninterruptible power source (UPS) or commercial-grade surge protection device. This will reduce the chance of computer damage in the event of a lightning strike nearby or areas of poor power regulation. www.kaelus.com --97 –...

  • Page 98: Routine Verification Of Performance And Maintenance

    IM termination and 2) A test item that will generate IM. For example: a nickel-plated device, a high power attenuator, a PIM reference standard such as Kaelus PIS-0002A, or a failed device. 1. Start the Virtual Front Panel and enter “Engineering Mode”.

  • Page 99: Front Panel Connections And Connector Savers

    IM reference such as a Kaelus PIS-0002A into the test setup mentioned in steps 1-8. This will allow the user to measure the IM generated by a known IM source and compare the source’s expected IM performance to that of the analyzer.

  • Page 100: Use And Care Of Front Panel Connector Savers

    7/16 Connectors”, available in Section 11 or at: www.Kaelus.com. 10.5.2 Use and Care of Front Panel Connector Savers Kaelus ships connector saver/s with every unit. The use of the connector saver/s is highly recommended and will contribute to the overall preservation of the residual performance of the analyzer.

  • Page 101: Si-20A And Si-30A Connector Maintenance

    As with any sensitive measurement equipment, great care must be taken when making connections to either Port 1 or Port 2 on the analyzer or when attaching Terminations. At this point please refer to Kaelus’ Application Note #1900-4, “Proper Mate/De-Mate Procedure for DIN 7/16 Connectors”, available in Section 10 or at: www.Kaelus.com.

  • Page 102: Figure 43 Turning On Only One Carrier

    7. Increase the Power for Carrier 1 to 43.0 dBm and verify. 8. Turn Carrier 1 “OFF” and repeat steps 4 - 9 for Carrier 2. www.kaelus.com - 102-...

  • Page 103: Frequency Output

    4. The frequency counter should read within a few hundred Hertz of the requested frequency. 5. Vary the Transmit Frequency for Carrier 1 and verify proper operation. 6. Turn Carrier 1 “OFF” and repeat steps 2 - 7 for Carrier 2. www.kaelus.com - 103-...

  • Page 104: Service

    If the analyzer appears to require service, please contact your local Technical Support at Kaelus. See www.kaelus.com. If, following your initial contact it appears the unit is malfunctioning; an RMA number will be issued to allow the return of the suspect unit to the factory for repair.

  • Page 105: Pim Analyzer Software

    The calibration coefficients for each PIM Analyzer must be placed in the calibration files directory. This is found in the C:\ProgramData\Kaelus\PIM Server\Calibration\ These calibration coefficients are located on the internal USB Drive. : The Calibration Files used to store the calibration...

  • Page 106: Pim Server

    If not visible the PIM Server program will need to be re-started. In Windows 7 -> -> -> Will locate the PIM Server panel. See Figure 5 In Windows 10 ALL Apps. Will enable you to restart the PIM Server. www.kaelus.com - 106-...

  • Page 107: Trouble Shooting Usb Connection Issues

    11.6 PIM Server not starting. The Kaelus PIM server requires Microsoft .NET Framework , the installer will attempt to retrieve this from the web if it is not already installed. Local admin access Privileges will be required to install .NET. Re-installing the software with the appropriate access Privileges while connected to the internet often can resolve the problem.

  • Page 108: Aisg Modem

    AISG MODEM AISG is a control standard for controlling and monitoring equipment over the coax cable or DIN Connector. An AISG modem can be factory fitted when ordering or fitted by a Kaelus service department. 12.3 FORWARD PIM OPTION (6RU CHASSIS)

  • Page 109: Reverse Pim Option (4Ru Chassis)

    12.4 REVERSE PIM OPTION (4RU CHASSIS) Figure 46 iBA A Series (Reverse PIM) Single port www.kaelus.com - 109-...
  • Page 110 Table 4 iBA A Series Models www.kaelus.com - 110-...
  • Page 111 Table 5 iBA B Series Models www.kaelus.com - 111-...

  • Page 112: Index

    PIM Server ............... 94 Port 1 ................30 Power AC ................16 Filters Power Cord cleaning ..............21, 74 AC ................25 Front panel exiting ................. 30 Fuse rating ................17 replacement ..............17 Receiver ................. 22 Residual IM www.kaelus.com - 112-...
  • Page 113 Transmit filters ..............78 Turning off the analyzer ........... 30 Turning on the analyzer ..........29 Uncertainty ..............74, 80 uninterruptible power source ........86 USB Type B connector ............. 29 Video filtering ..............75 warranty RMA number ............93 www.kaelus.com - 113-...

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