Page 4
Inc. Other product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their owners. Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings or specifications. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission of Seagate Technology, Inc.
Page 5
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ Revision status summary sheet Revision Authority Date Writer/Eng. Sheets Affected A Issue 03/13/95 D. Ashby v thru viii, 1 thru 70. PLD: 87201 06/26//95 D. Ashby 1/1, v and 18. PLD: 87236 08/30/95 D.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ Table of contents Scope ............................1 Applicable standards and reference documentation .............. 2 Standards ........................2 Electromagnetic Compliance for the European Union ............. 2 Applicable reference documents ..................2 General description ........................
Page 7
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ Table of contents Physical/electrical specifications ..................... 18 AC power requirements ....................18 DC power requirements ....................7.2.1 Conducted noise immunity ................. 19 7.2.2 Power sequencing ....................19 7.2.3 12 V - current profile ...................
Page 8
Front panel ........................66 12.2 Single unit shipping pack ....................66 12.3 Installation Guide ......................66 13.0 Accessories ..........................67 13.1 Front panel kit ......................... 67 13.2 Additional Installation Guide copies ................67 14.0 Seagate Technical support services ..................68...
This Manual describes the Seagate Technology, Inc. Hawk 4 Family Disc Drive. This high capacity, high performance member of the Seagate 3.5 inch rigid disc family is a companion product to the ST12400 drive family. It has an embedded SCSI controller. Performance information is given in Section 5. The Hawk 4 Family interface is defined for functional compatibility to a subset of the Seagate SCSI Interface Specification 77738479, and the ANSI SCSI-2 and SCSI-3 standards.
Mounting by bottom holes must meet the requirements of Section 7.6.3. Standards The Hawk 4 Family (Wide) complies with Seagate standards as noted in the appropriate sections of this manual and the Seagate SCSI Interface Specification, P/N 77738479 (Vol. 2, Version 2).
Hawk 4 Family of drives, and the SCSI Interface Product Manual P/N 77738479 (Vol. 2, Version 2) which describes the general interface characteristics of this and other families of Seagate 3.5-inch drives. The drive interface supports multiple initiators, disconnect/reconnect, self configuring host software and au- tomatic features that relieve the host from the necessity of knowing the physical characteristics of the targets (logical block addressing is used).
Page 12
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ “W/WD” Family PCB “WC/DC” Family PCB Figure 3.0-1. Hawk 4 family (wide) drive...
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ Standard features The Hawk 4 Family (Wide) has the following standard features: • Integrated SCSI Controller • Single Ended and Differential SCSI drivers and receivers • Asynchronous and Synchronous data transfer protocol •...
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ Unformatted and formatted capacities Formatted capacity depends on the number of spare reallocation sectors reserved and the number of bytes per sector. The following table shows some typical formatted capacities. Spare sectors or cylinders W/WD/WC/DC reserved for reallocation...
• Installation instructions are provided by host system documentation or with any additionally purchased drive installation software. If necessary see section 14.0 for Seagate support services telephone numbers. • The manufacturers installed labels must not be removed from the drive or covered with additional labels, as they contain information required when servicing the product.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5.2.2 Format drive command execution time (minutes) [1] Maximum (with verify) 70 Min. Maximum (no verify) 45 Min 5.2.3 Read data command execution time [4] (512 byte sector size, without disconnect and with read look ahead cache disabled.) Latency time is included.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5.3.1 Notes for sections 5.2 and 5.3. [1] Execution time measured from receipt of the last Byte of the Command Descriptor Block (CDB) to the request for a Status Byte Transfer to the Initiator (excluding connect/disconnect). [2] Maximum times are specified over the worst case conditions of temperature, voltage margins and drive orientation.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ Start/stop time After DC power has been applied, the drive becomes ready within 25 seconds if the Motor Start Option is disabled (i.e. the motor starts as soon as the power has been applied). During this time the drive responds to some commands over the SCSI interface* in less than 3 seconds.
Product Manual - ST15230 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ Case B - A Read command requests data, the first LB of which is not in any segment of the cache: 1. The drive fetches the requested LB’s from the disc and transfers them into a segment, and from there to the host in accordance with the disconnect/reconnect specification referred to in case A.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ Caching write data Write caching is a write operation by the drive that makes use of a drive buffer storage area where the data to be written to the medium is stored in one or more segments while the drive performs the write command. Write caching is enabled along with read caching.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ Reliability specifications The following reliability specifications assume correct host/drive operational interface, including all interface timings, power supply voltages, environmental requirements and drive mounting constraints (see 7.6.3). Seek Errors Less than 1 in 10 seeks Read Error Rates [1]...
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6.1.3 Write errors Write errors can occur as a result of media defects, environmental interference, or equipment malfunction. Therefore, write errors are not predictable as a function of the number of bits passed. If an unrecoverable write error occurs because of an equipment malfunction in the drive, the error is classified as a failure affecting MTBF.
6.2.7 Product Warranty Beginning on the date of shipment to customer and continuing for a period of 5 years, Seagate warrants that each product (including components and subassemblies) or spare part that fails to function properly under normal use due to defect in materials on workmanship or due to non conformance to the applicable specifica- tions will be repaired or replaced, at Seagate’s option and at no charge to customer, if returned by customer...
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ Physical/electrical specifications AC power requirements: None DC Power requirements The voltage and current requirements for a single drive are shown in the following table. Values indicated apply at the drive power connector. Table 7.2-1.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7.2.1 Conducted noise immunity Noise is specified as a periodic and random distribution of frequencies covering a band from DC to 10 mHz. Maximum allowed noise values given below are peak to peak measurements and apply at the drive power connector.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ Note. All times and currents are typical. See Table 7.2-1 for maximum current requirements. Power Save Cut-in Current (amps) CH1 GND Current (amps) Channel 1 2 s .5 Amps Channel 2 2 s .5 Amps CH2 GND...
Non-Operating -40° to 158°F (-40° to 70°C) package ambient with a maximum gradient of 45°F (25°C) per hour. This specification assumes that the drive is packaged in the shipping container designed by Seagate for use with the drive.
Page 30
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ Model “WC” Single Ended PCB [1] U2Ø Model “DC” Differential I/O PCB [1] [2] U1Ø U1Ø Model “W” Single Ended I/O PCB [1] Model “WD” Differential I/O PCB [1] U2Ø...
The drive as packaged in a single or multiple drive pack of gross weight 20 pounds (8.95 kg) or less by Seagate for general freight shipment shall withstand drop test from heights listed below against a con- crete floor or equivalent. For additional details refer to specifications 30190-001 (under 100 lbs) or 30191- 001 (over 100 lbs).
Page 32
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ Figure 7.4.4-1. Recommended mounting...
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7.4.4.2 Vibration a. Operating The drive, as installed for normal operation, shall operate error free while subjected to continuous vibra- tion not exceeding 5-22 Hz @ 0.02 inches (0.51 mm) displacement 22-400 Hz @ 0.5 g Vibration may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ Mechanical specifications The following nominal dimensions are exclusive of the decorative front panel accessory. Refer to Figure 7.6- 1 for detailed mounting configuration dimensions. See section 7.6.3, Drive mounting. Height: 1.62 in 41.1...
Page 35
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ Notes: Mounting holes three on each side, 6-32 UNC. Max screw length into side of drive 0.15 in. (3.81 mm). Screw tightening torque 6.0 in-lb (.675 NM) max with minimum thread engagement of 0.12 in.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7.6.1 Drive Orientation The balanced rotary arm actuator design of the drive allows it to be mounted in any orientation. All drive performance characterization, however, has been done with the drive in horizontal (discs level) and vertical (drive on its side) orientations, and these are the two preferred mounting orientations.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ Media characteristics Media description The media used on the drive has a diameter of approximately 95 mm (approximately 3.7 inches). The alumi- num substrate is coated with a thin film magnetic material, overcoated with a proprietary protective layer for improved durability and environmental protection.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ Defect and error management The drive, as delivered, complies with this specification. The read error rate and specified storage capacity are not dependent upon use of defect management routines by the host (initiator). Defect and error management in the SCSI system involves the drive internal defect/error management and SCSI systems error considerations (errors in communications between Initiator and the drive).
The notes following the figures describe the functions of the various jumper positions on the three connectors J2, J1-auxiliary and J6. Suggested part number for the unusual J2 jumper is Molex 52747-0211 (Seagate P/N 77679052). A bag of the two jumper plug types used is shipped with standard OEM drives.
Page 40
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ Drive HDA (rear view, PCB facing downward) J1-Auxiliary Pin 1 +5V Ground Pin 1A J1-DC Power Pin 12A SCSI I/O Connector SCSI ID = 0 (default) SCSI ID = 1 SCSI ID = 2 SCSI ID = 3 SCSI ID = 4...
Page 41
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ Drive with HDA up, Pin 1 PCB down, viewed from front Pin 1 Drive Front 80 Pin SCSI I/O Connector Ground Reserved A 2 A 1 A 0 SCSI ID = 0 Pin 1 SCSI ID = 1...
Page 42
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ Notes for Figure 10.1-1a, 10.1-1b, 10.1-1c: [1] Notes explaining the functions of the various jumpers on jumper header connectors J2, J1-Auxiliary and J6 are given below in left to right order of jumper position. The term "default" means as standard OEM units are configured when shipped from factory.
Page 43
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ Jumper Installation Jumper Function Description (Applies only to "W" models) With the jumper installed, the On-board (non-removable) terminator circuits are enabled (connected to the I/O lines). Default is jumper installed. Terminator circuits not connected to I/O lines.
Page 44
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ continued from previous page TP Position A (Applies to "W" models only) This horizontally positioned jumper across the two TP positions nearest PCB edge, connects terminator power from SCSI bus I/O pin 26 to the drive’s internal terminators (for single-ended I/O only).
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ 10.2 Grounding Signal ground (PCB) and HDA ground are connected together in the ST15230 drive and cannot be separated by the user. The equipment in which the drive is mounted is connected directly to the HDA and PCB with no electrically isolating shock mounts.
This section partially describes the interface requirements as implemented on the drives. The major portion of the interface requirements/implementation is described in the Seagate SCSI Interface Product Manual, P/N 77738479. This section has tables that give the ST15230 Family (Wide) drive's version of the SCSI implementation described in the 77738479 document.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11.3 SCSI interface commands supported Table 11.3-1 following lists the SCSI interface commands that are supported in the SCSI-1, SCSI-2 and SCSI-3 modes of the drive. ST15230 Family (Wide) drives can be changed back and forth between SCSI-1, SCSI-2 and SCSI-3 modes using the Change Definition Command.
Page 48
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ continued from previous page Com’d Supported by: Code SCSI-1 SCSI-2/SCSI-3 Command Name Start unit/stop unit (spindle ceases rotating) Receive diagnostic results Supported diagnostics pages Translate page Send diagnostics page Supported diagnostics pages Translate page Read capacity...
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11.3.1 Inquiry data 11.3.1.1 Standard Inquiry data Table 11.3.1-1 following lists the Standard Inquiry command data that the drive should return to the initiator per the format given in the SCSI Interface Product Manual P/N 77738479, section 5.1.1.3. Table 11.3.1-1.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ 11.3.2 Mode Sense data The Mode Sense command provides a means for the drive to report its operating parameters to the initiator. The drive maintains four sets of Mode parameters, Default values, Saved values, Current values and Change- able values.
Page 51
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ The following tables list the values of the data bytes returned by the drive in response to the Mode Sense command pages for SCSI-1 and SCSI-2/SCSI-3 implementation (see SCSI Interface Product Manual, P/N 77738479).
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ 11.4 SCSI Bus Conditions and Miscellaneous Features Supported Asynchronous SCSI bus conditions supported by the drive are listed in Table 11.4-1. These conditions cause the SCSI device to perform certain actions and can alter the SCSI bus phase sequence. Other miscellaneous operating features supported are also listed here.
Table 11.6.3-1d for pinouts and signal names. Details of the physical, electrical and logical characteristics are given in paragraphs following, while the SCSI operational aspects of Seagate drive interfaces are given in the Seagate SCSI Interface Product Manual, P/N 77738479.
Page 55
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ Power +12V +12V ret + 5V ret + 5V J1-Auxiliary Pin 1 Pin 1A J1-DC Power J1-DC Power J1-Auxiliary Pin 1P Pin 1A Pin 1 68 Pin SCSI I/O Connector Figure 11.6-1a.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ 11.6.1 DC cable and connector The "W" and "WD" model drives receive DC power through a 4 pin connector mounted at the rear of the main PCB (see Figure 11.6.-1a). Recommended part numbers of the mating connector are listed below, but equiva- lent parts may be used (see Table 11.6.1-1).
Page 57
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11.6.2.2 Cable requirements 11.6.2.2.1 Single ended I/O circuits (“W/WC” models) The maximum total cable length for use with drives having single ended I/O driver and receiver circuits shall be 6 metres (19.7 ft.) when operating at line data transfer rates of 5 Mbytes/sec or less, and 3 metres (9.85 ft.) when operating at transfer rates greater than 5 Mbytes/sec (FAST SCSI).
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ Cable for "W" and "WD" model drives Only nonshielded cable connectors are applicable. A 68 conductor flat cable or 34 twisted pair cable shall be used. A minimum conductor size of 28 AWG should be used to minimize noise effects. Suggested nonshielded flat cable part numbers are: Flat cable - 35M-3365-68 Twisted pair - Spectra Twist in flat 455-248-68...
Page 59
Option select header connector J2 on the PCB (see Figure 10.1-1b) uses an unusual type of jumper plug, so its part number is given here for reference: Molex 52747-0211 (Seagate P/N 77670952). A bag with the two jumper types used on the drive is included with every standard OEM drive.
Page 60
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ Position 1 Position 1 Position 1 (15.24) (10.67) (5.08) .100 .065 1.816 x 45° chamfer typ (2.54) (1.65) (46.13) Position 1 Position 1 Position 1 .315 ± .010 (8.00) .050 .0787...
Page 62
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ SCSI Device Host Adapter/Initiator * * * 1 thru 15 SCSI Devices Disc Drive or Disc Drive or Disc Drive or Other SCSI Other SCSI Other SCSI Device Device Device...
Page 63
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _______________________________________________________________________________________ Table 11.6.3-1a. ST15230WD differential cable pin assignments (nonshielded connector) Note. The minus sign next to the signals indicates asserted state is the low voltage of the two levels used for logic signals Connector Cable...
Page 64
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _______________________________________________________________________________________ Table 11.6.3-1b. ST15230WC single ended, 80 pin cable pin assignments (Nonshielded connector) Connector Cable Connector Signal Contact Conductor Contact Signal Name [1] Number [3] Number [2] Number [3] Name [1] +12 V 12 V GND...
Page 65
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ Note. The minus sign next to the signals indicates asserted state is the low voltage of the two levels used for logic signals. Table 11.6.3-1c. ST15230W single ended cable pin assignments (nonshielded connector) Connector Cable Connector...
Page 66
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _______________________________________________________________________________________ Table 11.6.3-1d. ST15230DC differential I/O, 80 pin cable pin assignments (Nonshielded connector) Connector Cable Connector Signal Contact Conductor Contact Signal Name [1] Number [3] Number [2] Name [3] Name [1] +12 V 12 V GND...
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ Notes for Tables 11.6.3-1a, 11.6.3-1b, 11.6.3-1c and 11.6.3-1d. [1] See Section 11.6.4.1 for detailed electrical characteristics of these differential signals. [2] The conductor number refers to the conductor position when using 0.025- inch (0.635 mm) centerline flat ribbon cable (not folded in half).
Page 68
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ Line Driver Line Receiver Transmitter Receiver (or transceiver) Flat Cable Pair [1] Part of active terminator circuits. Permanently mounted LSI terminators enabled in the drive (ST15230W only) when it is first or last in the daisy-chain. See jumper header Figure 10.1-1 for terminator enabling jumper TE.
Page 69
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ 11.6.4.2 Differential drivers/receivers Typical differential driver and receiver circuits used by the models ST15230WD and ST15230DC are shown in Figure 11.6.4-2. The drive has no provisions for terminator circuits on differential I/O drives. Differential signals All differential interface signals consist of two lines denoted +SIGNAL and -SIGNAL.
Page 70
See section 11.6.4.2 for signal characteristics. I/O Line terminators. If SCSI device is a Seagate disc drive, terminators and a place to plug them in must be provided external to the drive by user, systems integrator or host equipment manufacturer where needed.
Page 71
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ 11.6.4.3 Terminator requirements Internal disc drive I/O termination (provided only in single ended I/O model ST15230W drives) consists of active circuits in an LSI module that is permanently mounted on the PCB. All single initiator/single target (nondaisychain) applications require that the Initiator and disc drive be terminated.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11.7 Disc drive SCSI timing Table 11.7-1. Disc drive SCSI timing Waveform Waveform Description Symbol [1] Table [1] Typical Target Select Time (no Arbitration) <1 µs Target Select Time (with Arbitration) 4.5-1,2 1.74 µs Target Select to Command...
Page 73
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E ______________________________________________________________________________________ continued from previous page Waveform Waveform Description Symbol [1] Table [1] Typical Asynchronous Data Transfer Characteristics: (continued) Next CDB Byte Access (Byte 2 of 10) T23.10.2 4.5-4 0.65 µs Next CDB Byte Access (Byte 3 of 10) T23.10.3...
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ 12.0 Options All options are incorporated or packaged at the manufacturing facility. 12.1 Front panel The normal front panel available is black plastic. Other panel colors may be special ordered. Each panel has a single rectangular green LED indicator lens which, when glowing, indicates the drive is selected.
Product Manual - Hawk 4 Family (Wide) SCSI-2 (Volume 1), Rev. E _____________________________________________________________________________________ 13.0 Accessories All accessories are designed for implementation by the customer. 13.1 Front panel kit Same as 12.1 but includes all mounting hardware to support field installation. 13.2 Additional Installation Guide copies The Installation Guide (P/N 77767477) is usually included with each drive shipped, but extra copies may be...
8:00 AM to 5:00 PM PST, Monday through Friday. SeaBOARD service: The Seagate Technical Support Bulletin Board System (BBS) is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. A modem is required to access this service. Model required. (300–9600 baud, 8-N-1). This is a toll call.
Page 78
Seagate Technology, Inc. 920 Disc Drive, Scotts Valley, California 95066-4544, USA Publication Number: 77767479, Rev. E Printed in USA...
Need help?
Do you have a question about the HAWK 4 Series and is the answer not in the manual?
Questions and answers