Page 1 ARLIN RIDGE EFERENCE ANUAL Issue 3.0 MAN-ML-BRIDGE-REF SSUE...
Page 2 All rights reserved. This document may not in whole or part be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form without the prior written permission from Bay Networks. The information contained in this manual is believed to be accurate, however, no responsibility is assumed by Bay Networks for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties resulting from its use.
Page 3 1996 Scorpion Logic Ltd. A Bay Networks company MAN-ML-BRIDGE-REF SSUE...
Page 4 The “Marlin Installation Guide” provided in conjunction with this manual gives important information about how to install the Marlin Bridge safely. You must make yourself familiar with the contents of the Installation Guide, and you should install the Marlin Bridge only in accordance with its instructions. BOUT...
Page 5: Status:normal
Conventions Used in the Manual In the installation and manager chapters of this manual certain conventions have been used to distinguish user input from system output. Front panel display output is in monospaced text, e.g. STATUS:NORMAL User input via an attached terminal is indicated by text in boldface with single key names being enclosed in angle brackets, e.g.
Page 6: Table Of Contents
Section...Page 1. O ...1-1 VERVIEW 1.1 Introduction...1-1 1.2 High Performance Ethernet Bridge ...1-1 1.3 ISDN for Resilience...1-2 1.4 ISDN Top-up Bandwidth on Demand ...1-2 1.5 ISDN Autocall Bandwidth on Demand ...1-2 1.6 Protocol Routing and Spoofing ...1-3 1.7 Simple Installation and Management ...1-3 1.8 Security ...1-4 1.9 Summary of Features ...1-5 2.
Page 7 Section ... Page 3.4 Multi-Tiered Network ... 3-22 3.5 Autocalls for ISDN Only LAN Interconnect ... 3-24 3.5.1 Autocall Example... 3-24 3.5.2 TCP/IP Autocalls ... 3-25 3.5.3 Novell IPX Autocalls ... 3-26 3.5.4 ScaNet OSI Name Service Autocalls... 3-27 3.5.5 Banyan Autocalls ... 3-27 4.
Page 8 Section...Page 5.5.2.2 HDLC Ports ...5-17 5.5.2.3 PPP Ports ...5-22 5.5.2.4 TA Ports...5-23 5.5.3 Bridge Configuration...5-28 5.5.3.1 Spanning Tree Management...5-29 5.5.3.2 Address Filter Table ...5-31 5.5.3.3 Add Filter Table Entry ...5-35 5.5.3.4 Type Filters...5-36 5.5.3.5 Bridge General Parameters...5-38 5.5.4 ISDN Configuration ...5-41 5.5.4.1 Bridge Authorisation ...5-43 5.5.4.2 ISDN Automatic Call Addresses...5-44 5.5.4.3 ISDN Time Bands ...5-54...
Page 9 ONTENTS Section ... Page 6.8 Faultfinding TCP/IP Networks... 6-6 6.9 Faultfinding IPX Networks ... 6-7 6.10 Faultfinding Basic Rate ISDN... 6-8 Issue 3.0...
Page 10 ONTENTS List of Figures ...Page Figure 2-1 Simple Ethernet Network...2-2 Figure 2-2 Local Bridging ...2-3 Figure 2-3 Remote Bridging ...2-6 Figure 2-4 Multiple Remote Bridges...2-7 Figure 2-5 Resilient Network ...2-9 Figure 2-6 Network Loop ...2-11 Figure 2-7 Network Loop Eliminated...2-14 Figure 3.1 Bridge Pair with Single Link...3-2 Figure 3.2 Bridge Pair with Parallel Links ...3-4 Figure 3.3 Bridge Pair with ISDN Backup...3-6...
Page 11 ONTENTS List of Figures ... Page Figure 5.9 Bridge Configuration Screen ... 5-28 Figure 5.10 Spanning Tree Configuration Screen ... 5-29 Figure 5.11 Filter Table Addresses Screen ... 5-31 Figure 5.12 Add Entry to Filter Table Form ... 5-35 Figure 5.13 Type Filters Screen ... 5-36 Figure 5.14 Bridge General Parameters Entry Form...
Page 12 ONTENTS List of Tables ... Page Table 4.1 Control Character Actions... 4-18 Table 5.1 Common Ethernet Types ... 5-37 Table 5.2 Common IEEE Types ... 5-37 Table 6.1 Network Clearing Codes ... 6-4 Table 6.2 Internal Clearing Codes... 6-5 Issue 3.0...
Page 13 ONTENTS Issue 3.0...
Page 14: Overview
“plug and play” easy installation. Marlin Bridge is equipped with a single Ethernet LAN port and a single WAN port operating at up to 2Mbps. The WAN port can connect to another Marlin Bridge or member of the Nautica Bridge Series e.g. a CLAM Bridge. The integrated ISDN port provides up to 2 ‘B’...
Page 15: Isdn For Resilience
Multilink procedures allows data to be shared across all available links (leased and ISDN), which allows two ISDN channels to back up a higher-speed leased line. The Marlin Bridge can use ISDN backup on a one-for-one basis or a one-for-n basis.
Page 16: Protocol Routing And Spoofing
Marlin Bridge includes extensive diagnostic and management facilities to allow the administrator to gain knowledge of LAN and WAN operation on all local and remote bridges. Marlin Bridge may also be managed from an SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) management system.
Page 17: Security
Calling Line Identification (CLI) is supported, which ensures incoming ISDN calling numbers are checked before access is allowed. Marlin Bridge has a second layer of security based on the encoded MAC address of the calling bridge. If this...
Page 18: Summary Of Features
UMMARY OF EATURES Wide Area Network Interface X.21 for speeds to 2048 Mbps (V35 interface for North American markets) (Optional V24 interface) Requires External Clocking Cable for connection to leased circuit included ISDN Interface Conforms to NET3 Dual 64Kbps B-channels Separately dialled ISDN numbers ISDN connection cable included Load Sharing on Links, including ISDN, using Multilink Procedures...
Page 19: Snmp (Simple Network Management Protocol)
Also accessible from networked TCP/IP stations Optional Expansion Cards The Marlin Bridge has an expansion slot that allows you to install one of the following optional expansion cards: A dual BRI option card, providing either one or two ISDN Basic Rate Interfaces (a maximum of 3 BRI interfaces can be fitted to each Marlin).
Page 20 Optional Single and Dual Integrated BRI ISDN Terminal Adapters ISDN Backup in the event of primary link failure Use at remote sites with no permanent link Additional capacity when primary link is over-utilised Automatic ISDN based on IP and IPX addresses Multiple 64 Kbps channels Separately dialled ISDN numbers Optional Primary Rate EURO-ISDN Interface (NET5/iCTR4)
Page 21 VERVIEW...
Page 22: Tutorial
UTORIAL 2. T UTORIAL 2.1 I NTRODUCTION The costs of installing and running a communications network depend on the distance the network must cover and the amount of bandwidth required. Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relatively cheaply in a local area (office, department, etc.).
Page 23: Bridging Overview
UTORIAL 2.2 B RIDGING VERVIEW An Ethernet based Local Area Network (LAN) can be used to provide data communications at speeds of up to 10 megabits (10 ) per second between attached stations. Ethernet is a bus-based network, often using coaxial cable or twisted pair copper wire as the physical "medium"...
Page 24 UTORIAL physically close, then a "local" bridge can be used, otherwise a "remote" bridge is used.
Page 25: Local Bridges
2.3 L OCAL RIDGES Local Bridges are used to connect two or more LAN segments together to form a larger LAN. If a network is split into segments, then fewer stations will need network bandwidth at the same time, so reducing waiting times. The stations in Figure 2-1 are connected as one LAN.
Page 26 Another benefit of splitting a LAN into segments and restricting data flow to such segments or groups of segments is that the chance for other stations to pick up secure or sensitive information is much smaller. But how does the bridge know which stations are on which LAN segments? When the bridge first starts up, it does not know this.
Page 27 UTORIAL The bridge continues to do this with further frames, until it learns the location of the unknown station. Usually this is very soon after it first saw the original frame, as the unknown station is likely to reply to the station which sent that frame.
Page 28: Remote Bridges
UTORIAL 2.4 R EMOTE RIDGES Local bridges can connect LAN segments which are physically close to each other (not more than a few metres apart). Remote bridges do much the same job as local bridges, but can carry data between LANs that may be separated by great physical distances.
Page 29 UTORIAL If the physical medium is poor, such as with noisy analogue lines, then an error-correcting protocol must be run on the link to ensure that an acceptable quality of service is provided end-to-end. Such a protocol is X.25, which is used when the link is set up using a packet switching network.
Page 30 UTORIAL Figure 2-4 Multiple Remote Bridges...
Page 31 UTORIAL So far we have described bridges with just one wide area link. In Figure 2- 4, however, bridge 1 has two wide area links, one to bridge 2 and one to bridge 3. Again, bridge 1 sees the link to bridge 2, bridge 2 itself and remote LAN C as one LAN segment.
Page 32: Spanning Tree Algorithm
UTORIAL 2.5 S PANNING LGORITHM 2.5.1 O VERVIEW As long as there is only one "path" between any two LANs, the bridges can operate successfully knowing very little about the network as a whole. They only need to know what interface to send frames on to reach their destination.
Page 33: Network Loops
2.5.2 N ETWORK OOPS Assume that none of the stations on the network is active. Now, if Host X wants to send data to Workstation A, it puts a frame containing the data on LAN A. Bridges 1 and 2 read the frame, note the fact that Host X is on their local network (LAN A), and (not knowing where Workstation A is) forward the frame on their respective links: bridge 1 sends the frame to bridge 3;...
Page 34: Network Loop Resolution
LAN A LAN B Bridge 1 Bridge 2 Host X Figure 2-6 2.5.3 N ETWORK ESOLUTION The problem is solved by using the Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA) and its associated protocol. The STA resolves loops in the network by specifying only one "primary"...
Page 35 Bridge Identifier Path Cost Port Priority The STA specifies a single path from any bridge on the network to a "Root Bridge". This is the highest priority bridge, chosen by the bridges when they exchange special frames called Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU). BPDUs are sent using a "multicast"...
Page 36 All four bridges start by assuming they are the Root Bridge and send BPDUs called "Bridge Hello" on all their ports. The contents of a BPDU frame include the Bridge Identifier (Bridge Priority and Bridge Address) and Path Cost (initially set to zero). Bridges that receive a BPDU compare its Bridge Priority with their own priority.
Page 37: Figure 2-7 Network Loop Eliminated
When bridge 2 receives the BPDU from the Root Bridge (bridge 1) on LAN A, it adds 100 (the Path Cost of LAN A from bridge 2 back to the root) to the Path Cost value in the received BPDU, then sends this value in a BPDU to bridge 4.
Page 38 UTORIAL In any case, STA resolves the paths to allow the network to operate satisfactorily. 2-17...
Page 39: Network Recovery After Path Failure
UTORIAL 2.5.4 N ETWORK ECOVERY FTER AILURE When a primary path is defined in a network having multiple physical paths, what if a failure on this path makes some or all of the network unusable? The Root Bridge will continue to send "Bridge Hello" BPDUs at regular intervals called the "Hello Time"...
Page 40: The Integrated Services Digital Network (Isdn)
2.6 T NTEGRATED ERVICES 2.6.1 O VERVIEW ISDN is an extension of the national and international telephone system. This description refers to its use for data, especially LAN bridging applications. ISDN offers a better service than the analogue telephone service because it: is based on digital transmission techniques which provide cleaner and more reliable end-to-end communications;...
Page 41: Isdn And Lan Bridging
(there are only two B channels), but it means that various devices (telephone, fax machine, bridge, PC, etc.) can all use one connection if they do not need to be connected permanently. An important feature of the ISDN service is that it can be provided using the same wiring that was installed for the original telephone service, so it can be provided relatively cheaply anywhere the analogue system was used before.
Page 42 UTORIAL uploaded again in the evening, then ISDN can be considered, as the extra installation and rental costs should be covered by the leased line cost savings. If the Spanning Tree Algorithm is running, it will not be automatically recognised that ISDN dial-up circuits may be available. STA only reacts to changes in network topology, such as links going out of and coming into service.
Page 43: Protocol Prioritisation
2.7 P ROTOCOL RIORITISATION Local Area Networks can support many different types of protocols, each with different transmission characteristics and requirements. It is possible for one protocol to cause other protocols on the LAN to be slowed down by taking too much bandwidth. This problem is made worse by inserting a remote bridge link, due to the lower speed of the link compared to the LANs at either end.
Page 44 If Bandwidth on Demand is enabled for normal data, the Demand Threshold applies to normal data only. If normal data on the leased circuit is higher than the Demand Threshold, the first ISDN channel still carries EXPEDITED data, and a second ISDN channel is set up for normal data.
Page 45 To configure an HDLC or ISDN port for Bandwidth on Demand, use the command CONF PORT to EDIT the Demand and Threshold parameters. Use this command if Backup is needed on an HDLC port. The field Backup/Demand Mode on the form EDIT HDLC PORT has extra options, which specify if EXPEDITED or NON-expedited (normal) data will cause Bandwidth on Demand to be allocated: EXP.DATA...
Page 46 UTORIAL 2-25...
Page 47: Networking Examples
The Marlin Bridge is intended as a “boundary” rather than a hub product, but all of the examples can be built with a combination of Marlin Bridge and other Nautica bridge units, or with some of the Marlin Bridge units fitted with optional expansion cards.
Page 48: Point-To-Point Bridge Pair Networks
3.1 P OINT OINT Bridge Pair with Single Link Bridge Pair with Parallel Links Bridge Pair with ISDN Backup Bridge Pair with ISDN Interconnect Only 3.1.1 B RIDGE AIR WITH LAN 2 LAN 1 Figure 3.1 RIDGE ETWORKS INGLE Bridge B Bridge A Bridge Pair with Single Link...
Page 49 Benefits Simple to install and get network up and running quickly. Network can be expanded without reconfiguration. Data compression provides effective bandwidth between 2 and 8 times the link speed, depending on type of data transmitted. Operation After installation the bridges learn quickly which devices are on which LAN, and ensure that only data destined for the remote LAN will be transmitted on the serial link between the two bridges.
Page 50: Bridge Pair With Parallel Links
3.1.2 B RIDGE AIR WITH LAN 2 LAN 1 Figure 3.2 Benefits Provides more bandwidth between LANs than a S configuration when traffic levels are very high and keeping network delays to a minimum is important. If one link fails, the other one will continue without loss of data, but network performance may be lower if the traffic level is greater than one link can ideally support.
Page 51 handled correctly, using the Multilink protocol to ensure that frames are kept in sequence. If one link fails, all data is sent via the remaining link. The Multilink protocol used on parallel links ensures that data in transit is not lost, but is retransmitted on the remaining link. Installation The bridge must be configured with at least two serial port interfaces.
Page 52: Bridge Pair With Isdn Backup
3.1.3 B RIDGE AIR WITH Bridge B Bridge A Figure 3.3 Benefits Uses on-demand connections via ISDN to avoid having circuits permanently connected even when not in use. The ISDN circuit can be used to provide bandwidth when needed (when the leased line reaches a loading threshold), and also for circuit backup in the event of a link failure.
Page 53 value is reached, an ISDN connection is set up between the two bridges. When an ISDN connection is made, the bridges use this extra capacity by sharing frames for transmission between the leased line and the ISDN channel. Frame sequence will be maintained by the bridges in the same way as in the ARALLEL Bridges use as many ISDN connections as needed to handle...
Page 54: Bridge Pair With Isdn Interconnect Only
3.1.4 B RIDGE AIR WITH Bridge B Bridge A Figure 3.4 Benefits Allows an ISDN connection to be set up only when there is data to transfer between two LANs. With no permanent link between the two bridges, the high costs of permanent leased lines are reduced.
Page 55 This would be relevant if the protocol used was not a standard one. Manual calls can be made using the Marlin Bridge front panel and/or management terminal. A list of configured destination Marlin Bridges and their ISDN numbers is presented, from which the required destination can be selected.
Page 56 CLI feature to operate. When the ISDN numbers of the remote units are added to the CLI table, the Marlin Bridge will only accept incoming calls from these numbers: see R 5.5.4.6 Calling Line Identification.
Page 57: Multiple Bridge Pairs Network
3.2 M ULTIPLE RIDGE AIRS LAN 2 Bridge B Bridge A LAN 1 Figure 3.5 Benefits Networks with more than two LANs can be created very simply. Operation Probably LAN 2 will be the central or main LAN to which other LANs want access: it might hold the network server or mainframe.
Page 58 LANs will be sent down the serial link for the remote bridge. The two bridges attached to LAN 2 will learn quickly which devices are attached to the LAN and which are reached via serial links. So frames from LAN 1 for LAN 3 are sent from bridge A to bridge B, which gives the frame to LAN 2.
Page 59: Bridge Triangulation Networks
3.3 B RIDGE RIANGULATION The network types shown below are discussed in this section: Simple Bridge Triangulation Multiple Bridge Triangulation Bridge Triangulation with Resilient Links Fully Resilient Network Triangulation Fully Resilient Network with ISDN Backup Cost Reduced ISDN Backup ETWORKS 3-13...
Page 60: Figure 3.6 Simple Bridge Triangulation
3.3.1 S IMPLE RIDGE LAN 2 Bridge B Bridge A LAN 1 Figure 3.6 Benefits Reduces the number of bridges (and the costs), while still achieving similar results to multiple bridge pairs. The data between LAN 1 and LAN 3 no longer travels via LAN 2, so better performance on LAN 2 is achieved.
Page 61: Multiple Bridge Triangulation
3.3.2 M ULTIPLE RIDGE RIANGULATION Bridge B LAN 4 Bridge E LAN 1 Figure 3.7 Benefits Networks can be extended without having to install two bridges for every link, so keeping costs to a minimum. Operation Bridges A, B and D all act as triangulated bridges, while bridges E and F are configured normally.
Page 62: Bridge Triangulation With Resilient Links
3.3.3 B RIDGE RIANGULATION WITH LAN 2 Bridge A LAN 1 Figure 3.8 Benefits More resilient to link failures than the simple triangulated bridge network, with an alternative path to each LAN if one of the links fails. Operation The Spanning Tree Algorithm sets up two active links and one standby link out of the three links available, so there is only one path around the network.
Page 63: Fully Resilient Network Triangulation
bridges connected by the link that would normally be unused. 3.3.4 F ULLY ESILIENT ETWORK Bridge B Bridge A Bridge E LAN 1 Figure 3.9 Fully Resilient Network Triangulation Benefits A fully resilient network that continues to operate if a link or a bridge fails.
Page 64: Fully Resilient Network With Isdn Backup
3.3.5 F ULLY ESILIENT Bridge B Bridge A Bridge E LAN 1 Figure 3.10 Fully Resilient Network with ISDN Backup Benefits ISDN can be used very effectively to provide bandwidth on demand and link backup as shown here. Network resilience is improved, as any leased line failures can be backed up by dialled-up ISDN circuits, and bandwidth utilisation can be optimised by using ISDN circuits only when network traffic...
Page 65 Installation The ISDN numbers of the bridge's partners must be configured in all bridges: see R 5.5.2.2 HDLC Ports. Backup/Demand Mode must be set for bandwidth on demand and/or backup. ISDN parameters such as threshold levels should also be set if needed. The two bridges on LAN 2 can be connected to the same ISDN line, using the facility which allows up to eight devices (bridges, in this case) to be attached to one Basic...
Page 66: Cost Reduced Isdn Backup
3.3.6 C EDUCED Bridge B Bridge A LAN 1 Figure 3.11 Benefits Provides the same functions as the previous network at less cost, as the number of ISDN interfaces is reduced. This configuration allows any bridge on a LAN to ask for an ISDN connection to a bridge on the same LAN (there may be many more bridges, but only two are shown on each LAN).
Page 67 ISDN bridge, as it uses its own ISDN interface as a backup circuit if its link to bridge B fails. Installation Each LAN needs at least one bridge with an ISDN option card installed (bridge A on LAN 1). All other bridges on the LAN (bridge E on LAN 1) wishing to use the ISDN interface for backup are set up with the MAC address of the bridge (bridge A) and the ISDN number of the remote...
Page 68: Multi-Tiered Network
3.4 M ULTI IERED ETWORK Bridge B Bridge A LAN 1 Bridge E Bridge F LAN 4 Figure 3.12 Benefits Reduces the number and cost of leased lines by carrying traffic from remote LANs on shared "backbone" circuits. Resilience (failure tolerance) can be built into parts of the network essential for business operations;...
Page 69 Installation This example shows remote or "spur" LANs with only one link to the backbone. In such a configuration, it is usually important that the bridges on these remote LANs do not become the root bridge, or inefficient paths for most of the network traffic may be set up (to and from LAN 2 here).
Page 70: Autocalls For Isdn Only Lan Interconnect
Marlin Bridge "Autocalls" make and control connections between Ethernet LANs when only ISDN is available. The Marlin Bridge can interpret a number of different protocols to find out when it should set up and close down ISDN connections. The Marlin Bridge can "spoof" (mimic or emulate) some devices to reduce ISDN connection times, improve ISDN utilisation and save costs.
Page 71: Tcp/Ip Autocalls
2 minutes), a subsequent IP packet will make the line active again. Installation Add an entry to the ISDN Autocall table of the Marlin Bridge for an IP address (specific host destination), an IP subnet (group of hosts), or an inverse subnet (i.e. any host which is not in the local subnet).
Page 72: Novell Ipx Autocalls
ISDN connection to a remote workstation by setting up the workstation address in the server's local Marlin Bridge. On the Marlin Bridge local to the server, set up an ISDN Autocall table entry of type IPX_WS (Workstation) with the MAC workstation address.
Page 73: Scanet Osi Name Service Autocalls
3.5.4 S OSI N Operation When a ScaNet named service request is seen by a Marlin Bridge, and the requested name is in the ISDN Autocall table, it will start a connection to the remote Marlin Bridge whose ISDN name is in the table entry.
Page 74 ETWORKING XAMPLES 3-28...
Page 75: Manager Operation
4. M ANAGER PERATION This section describes the management system and how to access and use it. The purpose of this section is to make the user familiar with the management concepts which are common to all Nautica Bridge products, not to describe the management facilities of the product to which this manual refers.
Page 76: Menus And Forms Explained
4.1 M ENUS AND ORMS Menus are used to move around the management system and give access to all of the configuration, status and statistical information used by the bridge. This information is held in forms built up and edited from a number of items.
Page 77: Operation
A good example of such a list is the compression options which the Marlin Bridge can support, where DISABLED, ENABLED and FAST are allowed, but SLOW is not! How the menus and forms are selected and displayed depends on whether the front panel or a terminal is being used.
Page 78: Front Panel Operation
4.2.2 M AVIGATION Normally the front panel "window" shows the Marlin Bridge's interface loading bar graph, which gives a quick indication of the loading on external interfaces. If more information is needed, or to change a parameter, then move the window down the menu tree to the form containing the information.
Page 79: Figure 4.3 Front Panel Menu Navigation
Figure 4-3 shows how the window is moved around the menu tree. Note that the CONFIGuration menu item is selected as shown by the [square brackets]. Normally the window shows the bar graph, and moves to the top level menu when the ENTER key is pressed. Pressing ENTER again moves the window down the menu tree to the CONFIG menu.
Page 80: Form Display And Editing Via The Front Panel
Use the ENTER key to move the cursor from one character to the next in the field. At the end of the field, the Marlin Bridge asks: “Is this Correct?”. If so, hit the ENTER key. Note: parameters are changed as soon as a new value is entered. Some changes, e.g.
Page 81: Saving Changes Via The Front Panel
Front Panel After Configuration Change The current configuration must be SAVEd in semi-permanent memory if the Marlin Bridge is to use these values when it is restarted, e.g. after a power failure. Do this by pressing ENTER when the SAVE option is shown and selected [i.e.
Page 82 ANAGER PERATION To leave the interface activity bar graph mode, press any key other than UP and the display returns to the top level menu.
Page 83: Manager Terminal Operation
4.3 M ANAGER ERMINAL The local management terminal provides a system of menus and forms for displaying and changing information in the unit. The user moves around the management system by choosing menu and form names which appear as items in menu lists. Management system commands can be entered in menus, and configuration details can be added and edited in forms.
Page 84: 4.3.1.1 Title Line Region
4.3.1.1 Title Line Region The product name, version number and screen title appear in a bar at the top of the screen. The product name and version number are different for each type of product. The screen title is different for each menu or form. 4.3.1.2 Central Menu and Form Region The central region of the screen holds system menus, forms and commands.
Page 85: 4.3.1.3 Menu Navigation Region
4.3.1.3 Menu Navigation Region This region shows the Control key (<CTRL>) commands that allow the user to move up the menu tree. Some commands can be used on all screens, but others can be used only at certain times, e.g. NEXT PAGE and PREVIOUS PAGE commands are shown only when a form has more than one page.
Page 86: Menu Navigation
4.3.2 M AVIGATION Figure 4-7 shows a main menu list. To choose an item, enter the item name on the command line (where the cursor is positioned already, waiting for input), then press the <ENTER> or <RETURN> key, e.g. for COnfiguration: CO<RETURN>...
Page 87: Figure 4.8 Variable List Menu (Example)
This is called command type-ahead. It allows experienced users to move around the menu system quickly without using certain menus. N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ Name LAN1 LAN Port No. 1 [WAN1 HDLC Link 1 ISDN1 TA Link 1 ISDN2 TA Link 2 EDIT - Edit Port TYPE - Change Port Type _________________________________________________________________________________...
Page 88: Form Navigation And Editing
4.3.3 F AVIGATION AND When a form is shown, it can have any number of fields to be displayed or edited. The form name is in the title bar at the top of the screen. Each field and its name is shown in the central region. Figure 4-9 shows a typical form: N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME...
Page 89 When system information is changed, it must be saved in the Marlin Bridge's semi-permanent memory if it is to be used when a system restart is done, e.g.
Page 90: Remote Terminal Management
If the remote device is not a Nautica Series Bridge or compatible device, its IP address and TCP port number can be entered directly. The remote devices list is built automatically by the local Marlin Bridge, and displayed by typing REM<RETURN> to show a list like that in Figure 4-10 below.
Page 91: Disconnecting From The Management System
IP address and TCP port on the command line, e.g. 1.2.3.4 23<RETURN> When familiar with the names of the Marlin Bridges in the network, these can be connected using commands anywhere in the menu tree (not only from the Remote Units screen) by typing "REM"...
Page 92: Snmp Management
ANAGER PERATION 4.6 SNMP M ANAGEMENT It is possible to manage the unit using SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) over the network. Management Information Base (MIB) standards MIB I and II are supported, as well as the BRIDGE MIB (RFC 1286) and private extensions. Refer to your supplier for details of published MIB information.
Page 93: Control Character Actions
4.9 C ONTROL HARACTER The table below lists the control characters (<CTRL>+key) accepted by the system, and their actions when used in a Menu or Form. Control Action in Char Menu Turn VT100/Televideo Terminal Mode ON or OFF In a variable list menu, moves to the previous page.
Page 94: Reference
The management options available via the Marlin Bridge's front panel are not as comprehensive as those via a terminal interface. They do, however, enable the Marlin Bridge to be configured such that it can become operational. This chapter includes the management of the Basic Rate ISDN Option Cards which may not always be present.
Page 95: Manager Terminal Menu Tree
ANAGER ERMINAL The menu tree below shows the hierarchical relationship of the menus and forms and parameters in the system. You can type more than one command at a time to move through the menus quickly and find screens easily, e.g. CONF BRID STP<RETURN>...
Page 96 EFERENCE # Name... 5-17 # Spanning Tree Priority ... 5-18 # Line Speed... 5-18 Number ... 5-19 # Name... 5-19 # STP Priority... 5-19 # Line Speed... 5-20 # Data Compression ... 5-20 # Backup/Demand Mode ... 5-20 # Remote Dial Up Number ... 5-21 # Backup Bridge MAC Address ...
Page 97 # Bridge Priority ...5-35 # Forward Delay ...5-36 Address Filter Table (CONF BRID ADDR)...5-37 Entry Type ...5-38 # Entry Destination Name or MAC Address ...5-38 # Entry Source Name or MAC Address...5-38 Route to Destination...5-39 Source to Destination Packet Count ...5-39 Source to Destination Byte Count...5-39 Type Filters (CONF BRID TYPE)...5-43 # Format...5-43...
Page 98 # IPX Service type... 5-64 # IPX Network Type ... 5-64 ISDN Time Bands (CONF ISDN BAND) ... 5-65 # Band Name ... 5-65 # Start Time ... 5-66 # End Time ... 5-66 # Days in Band ... 5-66 # Backup Allowed in Time Band...
Page 99 Spanning Tree Statistics (STAT STP)...5-87 ISDN Call Statistics (STAT ISDN)...5-89 ISDN Call History (STAT ISDN HIST) ...5-90 Hublet Statistics (STAT HUBL) ...5-91 TCP/IP Statistics (STAT TCP/IP) ...5-92 Connect To Remote Device (REM) ...5-93 # Name of the Remote Unit...5-94 # IP Address of Remote Unit ...5-94 # MAC Address of Remote Unit...5-94 # Connect to Remote Unit...5-94...
Page 100: Front Panel Manager Menu Tree
ANAGER The menu tree below shows the hierarchical relationship of the simplified menus, forms and parameters available through the Marlin Bridge front panel management interface. The word or abbreviation given in square brackets [ ] after the menu or data item description is the menu entry name which should be selected to take you to that item.
Page 101: Main Menu
N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ CONF STATS REMOTE QUIT ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Enter command : Figure 5.1 CONF Provides access to the configuration facilities within the management system STATS Gives access to the status and statistical information maintained by the unit. REMOTE Accesses the Remote Connect feature, allowing you to connect to other TCP/IP Telnet devices on the network.
Page 102: Configuration
Resets the Marlin Bridge's current configuration back to the default factory settings. If you select this menu item, you will be asked to confirm that you want the change to take place: “ERASE (Y/N) ?”. The Marlin Bridge will reboot automatically after this command. SYSTEM Selects the common parameters found on all product variants: manager password, date, time, etc.
Page 103: System Management
5.5.1 YSTEM N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ Date (dd/mm/yyyy):13/08/1994 Time (hh:mm:ss) :15:49:23 Day of the Week :Thursday Old Password :PASSWORD New Password ReType Password Idle Timeout(sec):900 LCD Manager Lock :DISABLED ________________________________________________________________________________ ^E - Submit ________________________________________________________________________________ Figure 5.3 DATE The Date and Time can be changed by entering the date or TIME time.
Page 104: Idle Timeout
IDLE After this time (in seconds), if there has been no input from TIMEOUT the manager terminal, the manager session will be closed. If the LCD manager is locked, it is impossible to change the MANAGER IP address, Name, Date/Time or make ISDN calls from the LOCK front panel.
Page 105: Time Since Reboot
TIME SINCE This is the time in hours:mins:secs since the Marlin Bridge REBOOT was last rebooted. 5-12...
Page 106: Port Management
5.5.2 ANAGEMENT N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ Name LAN1 LAN Port No. 1 [WAN1 HDLC Link 1 ISDN1 TA Link 1 ISDN2 TA Link 2 EDIT - Edit Port TYPE - Change Port Type _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ (co po) Enter command : Figure 5.4 This screen provides an overview of the current operational status of the ports on the system, as well as enabling a port to be selected for...
Page 107: Name
ISDN port on the calling bridge to NONE so that it will not answer its own call. PHYS. The physical layer type for the port. The Marlin Bridge supports IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD in the case of the Ethernet port, and X.21 in the case of the WAN port.
Page 108 RX (%) The Rx (receive) and Tx (transmit) fields provide indications TX (%) of the level of percentage utilisation of port bandwidth. More information about port performance can be found later in this chapter under S LZC(/) Provides an indication of the current compression ratio being achieved on the links when Lempel-Ziv data compression is enabled.
Page 109: Lan Ports
5.5.2.1 LAN Ports N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ Port Number Port Name STP Priority Line Speed(bits/s): 10000000 ________________________________________________________________________________ ^E - Submit ________________________________________________________________________________ Figure 5.5 PORT The port number in the system. It is generated automatically NUMBER by the system and cannot be configured. PORT A name given to the port for ease of reference.
Page 110: Hdlc Ports
This parameter should be set to the actual line speed that the (BITS/S) interface is being clocked at. Although the Marlin Bridge does not generate clocks (other than a fixed 19.2 Kbps V.24 clock) this parameter is used to configure internal timers which optimise use of the link.
Page 111: Data Compression
COMPRESS- Data compression can increase the effective bandwidth of the port typically between 2 and 8 times. The degree of compression that can be achieved depends largely on the format of the data being transferred and the speed of the link. DISABLED turns data compression off.
Page 112: Remote Unit Name
EXP.DATA means that when Demand Threshold values are met (see below), packets defined as EXPEDITEd in the Type Filter Table will be sent by the first additional link dialled up. EXP+BKUP means that when Demand Threshold values are met (see below), packets defined as EXPEDITEd in the Type Filter Table will be sent by the first additional link dialled up.
Page 113: Idle Threshold
Note: Bandwidth on Demand circuits can only be dialled up from the same unit as the port requesting the additional bandwidth. Dialup bandwidth by another bridge can only be used for circuit backup purposes, i.e. when the original circuit has failed. DEMAND Specifies the percentage loading on the link which must be THRESHOLD...
Page 114: Backup Priority
An Idle Period that is too short may cause connections to be dialled up and cleared before operation has stabilised, whilst setting a value that is too high may leave the connection established for longer than is needed. Therefore, careful consideration should be given to the setting of this value.
Page 115 EFERENCE If BEEP is selected, an audible warning is given as well as the visible indication. This warning is issued each time the ISDN channel status is displayed on the front panel LCD display (approximately once every 10-20 seconds, depending on the number of ports configured).
Page 116: Ppp Ports
5.5.2.3 PPP Ports N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ Port Number :WAN1 Port Name :PPP Link 1 STP Priority Line Speed(bits/s):2000000 ________________________________________________________________________________ ^E - Submit ________________________________________________________________________________ Figure 5.7 Please refer to the HDLC Ports screen and parameter descriptions above for details. PPP should be used on high speed links where the simplicity of the protocol, particularly the fact that acknowledgements are not required, enables higher data throughput to be achieved than by using HDLC.
Page 117: Ta Ports
5.5.2.4 TA Ports N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ Port Number :ISDN1 Port Name :TA Link 1 STP Priority :128 Compression :ENABLED Line Speed :64000 Dial Timeout ATZ string :AT^M SPID Local Number ________________________________________________________________________________ ^E - Submit ________________________________________________________________________________ Figure 5.8 Note: for units fitted with Euro ISDN interface modules, the parameters SPID, LOCAL NUMBER and SWITCH TYPE (described below) are not displayed and have no effect.
Page 118: Line Speed
LINE SPEED This parameter should be set to the actual line speed that the interface is being clocked at. ISDN calls are generally established at 64000 bits/s per channel, but some services in North America can only support 56000 bits/s. COMPRESS- Data compression can increase the effective bandwidth of the port typically between 2 and 8 times.
Page 119: Idle Threshold
Multicast and Broadcast frames are not included in loading calculations, so additional bandwidth will not be dialled up due to these frame types. DEMAND The period (in seconds) over which bandwidth utilisation is PERIOD measured to determine whether the Demand Threshold has been exceeded.
Page 120: Spid
SUB- On incoming calls, if this field contains data, then this port ADDRESS will only answer the call if the incoming call contains a NUMBER matching subaddress or multiple subscriber numbering entry. Subaddresses are normally entered as a single digit subaddress number.
Page 121 Terminal adapter (TA) ports may be either internal (the TA expansion card fits into an expansion slot in the Marlin Bridge) or external. The control of both types of TA is identical, so any external TA must be of a suitable type for control by the Marlin Bridge.
Page 122: Bridge Configuration
5.5.3 RIDGE ONFIGURATION N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ Spanning Tree Configuration ADDRESS Address Filter Table TYPE Type Filter Table PARAM Filtering Parameters _________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ (co br) Enter command : Figure 5.9 Access the configurable Spanning Tree parameters form. ADDRESS Display the address filter table and access filter table commands.
Page 123: Spanning Tree Management
5.5.3.1 Spanning Tree Management The Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA) and associated Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) must be enabled on a bridge network where loops could be created. STA resolves the network topology to ensure that where physical loops exist, then certain links are disabled to create a single path through the network.
Page 124: Maximum Age
PROTOCOL Specifies if the Spanning Tree Algorithm (IEEE 802.1D) is to operate. If Protocol is set to NONE, then other STP parameters have no operational effect. HELLO TIME This determines the time interval in seconds between HELLO messages issued by the Root Bridge in a network. The value of this parameter can be set, but the Hello Time used by the Root Bridge will be taken as the current value to use.
Page 125: Address Filter Table
5.5.3.2 Address Filter Table The Address Filter Table is at the core of the Marlin Bridge functions. It is the primary mechanism for accepting or rejecting packets to be routed through the bridge. The Address Filter Table contains a list of source and destination MAC address pairs and the route to use to forward packets to the destination.
Page 126 Permanent entries if required, using the PERManent command (see Commands section below). DESTINAT- The destination MAC address or, if the Marlin Bridge has determined that the destination is another Nautica series Bridge, it will display the destination's name.
Page 127 BYTES The number of bytes sent to the Destination from the Source since the count was last cleared. The commands available when working with the filter table are described below. Some commands have additional parameters which increase the flexibility and power of the commands. The keyboard cursor keys move the screen cursor bar up and down the entries in the table.
Page 128 PERManent This command will make the entry under the cursor bar a [param] Permanent table entry. This is a very powerful feature when used to set up the initial filter table for a secure bridge. By allowing the bridge to learn source and destination addresses initially, and then making PERMANENT all those addresses that are to remain in the table, this avoids having to input the information manually.
Page 129: Add Filter Table Entry
5.5.3.3 Add Filter Table Entry This screen allows you to add a permanent source and destination address pair to the filter table. The bridge filters packets passing between the pair based on the settings of the general filter table parameters (see below). N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________...
Page 130: Type Filters
5.5.3.4 Type Filters N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ Format Type Action on Match IEEE 0x00 Ethernet 0xXXXX EDIT - Edit Filter ADD - Add filter ________________________________________________________________________________ ^N - Next page ^B - Previous page ________________________________________________________________________________ (co br ty) Enter command : Figure 5.13 Filter format: IEEE 802.2 or Ethernet 2 (DIX).
Page 131 Type (Hex) 0800 0806 0807 0888-088A Xyplex 0A00 0BAD 6001 6002 6003 6004 6005 6006 6007 6010-6014 80F2 8137-8138 814C FAF5 Table 5.1 Type (Hex) Table 5.2 5-38 Description DOD IP XNS Compatibility Xerox IEEE 802.3 PUP Banyan Systems DEC MOP Dump/Load DEC MOP Remote Console DEC DECNET Phase IV Route DEC LAT...
Page 132: Bridge General Parameters
5.5.3.5 Bridge General Parameters N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME FILTER PARAMETERS ________________________________________________________________________________ Ageing Time(Sec) Learning Action on Match Filter Multicast Type Matching Unmatched Type Action : Learn Src on Multicast: Learn Novell 802.3 Learn Novell Ethernet2: Learn Novell 802.2 Learn Banyan Strip Novell RIP/SAP PC Anywhere over IPX MS WINS Server ________________________________________________________________________________...
Page 133 ACTION ON Specifies if frames that match Permanent entries in the MATCH Address Filter table are FORWARDed to the outgoing port or REJECTed. Note: this parameter does not apply to Learned addresses, which are always forwarded. If FORWARD is set, any frame received which matches a filter table entry is FORWARDed to the destination port.
Page 134 LEARN SRC Specifies whether the bridge will "learn" the source address of a device if it transmits a Broadcast or Multicast packet. MULTICAST ENABLE lets the bridge learn where a device is before any other device needs to transmit to it. Once an entry is made in the filter table with Multicast packets, no more destination and source address pair matching entries will be created.
Page 135: Ms Wins Server
MS WINS ENABLE means that the bridge acts as a local Windows for Server Workgroups Name server, running TCP/IP protocol. 5-42...
Page 136: Isdn Configuration
________________________________________________________________________________ (co isdn) Enter command : Figure 5.15 AUTHORISE Authorise Remote Bridges to connect to this Marlin Bridge. AUTOCALL Address to ISDN Number mapping for making ISDN calls automatically based on traffic content. Useful for links with no permanent connection.
Page 137 Show, add or delete entries in the Calling Line Identity List of remote ISDN numbers authorised to dial into this Marlin Bridge. Your PTT supplier can provide the ISDN number of the calling unit, which the Marlin Bridge uses to enable or disable access. WINS Show, edit, add or delete entries in the list of MS-Windows servers on the network supporting the TCP-32 protocol.
Page 138: Bridge Authorisation
To prevent this, it is possible to set up a list of bridges which are authorised to connect to the network. When this list contains at least one entry, the Marlin Bridge will only interwork with the bridges whose Ethernet addresses appear in the list.
Page 139: Isdn Automatic Call Addresses
ISDN Automatic Call Addresses ISDN Automatic Call Numbers (autocalls) is a feature for making and controlling ISDN-only connections between Ethernet LANs. The Marlin Bridge can interpret various protocols to determine when it can set up ISDN connections, or clear them down and "spoof" (imitate) the devices using the protocols, to minimise ISDN call costs.
Page 140 The full procedure for configuring IPX support is as follows: Configure the general parameters (Unit name, IP address, etc). In the ISDN Numbers table of each Nautica series Bridge, define the name and ISDN number of every remote Nautica series Bridge to be connected.
Page 141 Make a manual call to each remote bridge in turn. Let each call continue for at least 5 minutes. The Marlin Bridge should learn the topology of the Banyan network in this time, since Routers and Servers broadcast every 2 minutes.
Page 142 N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ Type Address 00C0C2123456 ARP/IP 123.56.78.1/32 IPX_SAP Server1 IPX_RIP !00000002 IPX_RIP 98765432 IPX_WS 004321012345 ScaNet Mail_Service EDIT - Edit ADD - Add DEL - Delete _________________________________________________________________________________ ^N - Next Page ^B - Previous Page ________________________________________________________________________________ (co isdn auto) Enter command : Figure 5.17 N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME...
Page 143: Type
EFERENCE TYPE This specifies the type of entry. TCP/IP: the type is set to TCP/IP. Novell IPX IPX_RIP (Routing Information Protocol): entry for a router IPX_SAP (Service Advertising Protocol): entry for a server IPX_WS (IPX_Workstation): entry for a workstation. IPX_RIP and IPX_SAP can be autoconfigured by the "remote"...
Page 144 ADDRESS Any frame arriving with a destination MAC address which matches the entry's MAC address will initiate an ISDN call to the number specified in the entry. ARP/IP Format: [!]xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/n Where: [!] - if present, the call is made if the address is not matched. xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx - the IP Address or the subnet address.
Page 145 ! (IPX_RIP) nnnnnnnn mmmmmmmmmmmm ssss name IPX_WS (IPX Workstation) Format: XXXXXXXXXXXX The MAC address of the workstation. This entry is needed only if a server is to be allowed to bring up an ISDN connection to the workstation. Connections are normally initiated and maintained through actions by the workstation.
Page 146 Typically, an automatically learned Novell server will consist of three autocall entries: an IPX_SAP for the service details, an IPX_RIP for connecting to the service, and an IPX_RIP with the address prefixed with a ! for controlling the autocall and spoofing. For example, a file server called Main_Server could create the following entries;...
Page 147: Remote Unit Name
ScaNet Name of an OSI service available over an ISDN-only connection. BANYAN These addresses are generated automatically and should not be edited. REMOTE Destination bridge name as defined in the “COnf ISDN UNIT NAME NUMbers” table. The names must match exactly the names configured in the remote bridges themselves.
Page 148: Ipx Service Type
IPX SERVICE For IPX_SAP entries, this field defines the service provided TYPE at this Address, e.g. File Server, Print Server. These numbers are defined by Novell Inc. Typical entries are; 0004 - file server 0278 - directory server (Netware Directory Services) 0047 - advertising print server Applies only to IPX autocalls.
Page 149: Isdn Time Bands
5.5.4.3 ISDN Time Bands ISDN Time Bands define the types of ISDN calls allowed at given times. For example, extra bandwidth may be required during peak working hours, but at other times Demand Bandwidth should be disallowed. If the table is empty, then ISDN connections can be set up at any time on any day.
Page 150 DAYS The days of the week to which this time band refers. Set to Y or “.” for each day: Mon . Tue . Wed . Thu . Fri . Sat . Sun . BACKUP ENABLED or DISABLED: specifies if ISDN connections may be used to back up failed leased lines during this band.
Page 151: Isdn Tokens
5.5.4.4 ISDN Tokens The Marlin Bridge can be set up to limit the length of time it can have ISDN calls up (active), based on a "coin-in-the-slot" principle. The administrator adds "tokens": each token is worth one second of ISDN call time. When all tokens are used up, no more ISDN calls can be made until the administrator adds more tokens.
Page 152: Isdn Numbers And Manual Calls
5.5.4.5 ISDN Numbers and Manual Calls The ISDN Numbers table is used to link the name of a remote Marlin Bridge with the ISDN number needed to reach it. The name can then be used by the Marlin Bridge itself to auto-configure certain information (see, for example, Novell IPX Autocalls).
Page 153: Figure 5.22 Add/Edit Isdn Numbers Screen
Last Test Day/Mo: _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Figure 5.22 NAME The name of the Marlin Bridge which can be dialled up over ISDN using the associated number. The names must match exactly the names configured in the remote Marlin Bridges themselves. ISDN NUMBER The numbers to be dialled to reach the destination.
Page 154: Operating Days
CALL Cambridge<RETURN> or by selecting the remote Marlin Bridge's name using the front panel menu option CALL (see menu tree at the beginning of this chapter). Instead of adding ISDN numbers so that destinations are available permanently, numbers can be entered directly, e.g.
Page 155 EFERENCE To call a destination that has subaddressing enabled, the format is: CALL 01923885673*3<RETURN> where the digit after the “*” is the subaddress. To clear an established call, enter CANCEL followed by the destination name or number to which the call was made, e.g. CANCEL 0923710738<RETURN>...
Page 156: Calling Line Identification
CLI table, then CLI is enabled automatically. Note: in the CLI information presented to the Marlin Bridge by your PTT, the area code is usually added before the number, even if the call is a local one.
Page 157: Tcp-32 Wins
5.5.4.7 TCP-32 WINS The TCP-32 WINS Name table is a learned or manually entered list of names and IP Addresses of Windows NT servers or Windows for Workgroups PCs. Names on the local subnet can be learned, whereas remote names must be entered manually. The bridge can act as a local WINS server, providing information locally (i.e.
Page 158: Figure 5.25 Add/Edit Tcp-32 Wins Screen
N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ Name : Sleepy Description : Sales Server IP Address : 192.0.2.11 Group Address : Specific Entry Type : Static _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Figure 5.25 NAME Name of the resource (server or workstation). A name must be unique within a domain. DESCRIPTION Description of the resource, for information only.
Page 159: Snmp Management
If you intend to make use of SNMP to manage the Marlin Bridge, you need to ensure that the management station you are using has the appropriate MIBs (Management Information Base) installed.
Page 160: Remote Trap Address
DESCRIPTION Unit description, generated automatically by the system. It cannot be configured manually. NAME Unit name, used for reference purposes. This name appears in the screen title region, and can be changed via the SYSTEM configuration screen. Note: it should not include blank spaces, punctuation, or special characters?.
Page 161: Remote Trap Port
REMOTE Specifies the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) port which TRAP PORT will receive any TRAPs issued by the unit. TCP/IP's UDP is used to encapsulate SNMP GETs, SETs and TRAPs. 5-68...
Page 162: Status And Statistics Monitor
TATUS AND TATISTICS The Marlin Bridge provides a wide range of status and statistical information, used both to analyse unit and network performance and to diagnose faults. These statistics are accessed via the main screen shown below. N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME...
Page 163: Ports Statistics
TATISTICS All interfaces (physical or logical, serial or parallel, LAN or WAN) on the Marlin Bridge are known as ports. This screen shows an overview of the ports present on the unit, their utilisation and current state. More status and statistical information is available by selecting the port with the help of the cursor keys, then entering the EXAMine command.
Page 164: Ethernet Port Statistics
5.6.1.1 Ethernet Port Statistics N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ETHERNET INTERFACE STATS ________________________________________________________________________________ Ethernet Address :002062xxxxxx Total Tx Octets Total Tx Packets Total Tx Multicasts :0 Total Tx Broadcasts :0 Total Tx Errors Total Rx Octets Total Rx Packets Total Rx Multicasts :0 Total Rx Broadcasts :0 Total Rx Errors ________________________________________________________________________________...
Page 165 The statistics on the right of the screen give a detailed list of errors by error type. Low error counts are to be expected, but if the error counts are higher than usual, this could indicate a problem with the LAN segment to which the Marlin Bridge is connected. 5-72...
Page 166: Serial Interface Statistics
Low error counts are to be expected, but if the error counts are higher than usual, this could indicate a problem with the LAN segment to which the Marlin Bridge is connected. SERIAL INTERFACE STATS Port Number :nnnn...
Page 167: Bridge Statistics
5.6.2 RIDGE TATISTICS N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ Link No. STA State InFrames Listening 1234567890 1234567890 Forwarding 9876543210 7654321098 STP - Spanning Tree Stats ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ (st br) Enter command : Figure 5.31 Link No. Link number (generated automatically for each entry). STA State Spanning Tree Algorithm protocol State.
Page 168: Link Spanning Tree Status
5.6.2.1 Link Spanning Tree Status N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ Link No. Priority State :forwarding Enabled :enabled Path Cost :15625 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ (st br stp) Enter command : Figure 5.32 Link Spanning Tree Status Screen Link No. Link number (generated automatically). Priority Priority of this link.
Page 169 Designated Bridge Bridge on the local network which handles the Designated Link (see below). Designated Link Link used to forward frames to the root bridge from the local network. Fwd Transitions Number of times the link has changed from the forwarding state.
Page 170: Spanning Tree Statistics
5.6.3 PANNING N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ TimeSinceTopologyChange : 12345 TopologyChangeCount : 123 DesignatedRoot : 123456789012 0 RootCost : 100 RootPort MaxAge : 20 HelloTime ForwardDelay : 15 LearnedEntryDiscards : 12345678 MultilinkOverrun ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ (stat stp) Enter command : Figure 5.33 Time Since Time (in seconds) since the bridge took part in a change Topology Change...
Page 171 Hello Time Current time interval at which hello messages should be received from the root bridge. Forward Delay Current forwarding delay. Learned Entry Number of learned addresses which were discarded when Discards there was not enough room in the filter table to hold them.
Page 172: Isdn Call History
5.6.4 ISDN C The Marlin Bridge holds status and statistical information about ISDN calls. Information on previous calls is explained in the ISDN Call History section. Current ISDN connections are shown on the screen below. Current calls can be cancelled by selecting the required item and typing CANCEL. The port currently selected is highlighted and in square brackets [ ].
Page 173: Isdn Call History
5.6.4.1 ISDN Call History N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ Destination 0711231234 0923710277 CLEAR - Clear Totals, DEL - Delete Record _________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ (stat is hi) Enter command : Figure 5.35 Destination Destination number dialled. TotalTime Total connection time for all ISDN calls to Destination.
Page 174: Hublet Statistics
5.6.5 UBLET TATISTICS If a Hublet repeater expansion card is fitted into the expansion slot of the Marlin Bridge, then this screen displays the status of the repeater ports. N.MAR.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ Port Last user Rx Frames 000080123456 00C0C2202020...
Page 175: Tcp/Ip Statistics
5.6.6 TCP/IP S TATISTICS This menu option provides some basic SNMP MIB-II information about the TCP/IP operation of the Marlin Bridge. TCP/IP is mainly used with Telnet, so the Marlin Bridge can be remotely managed. N.CLAM.mmm SYSTEM NAME ________________________________________________________________________________ CONN...
Page 176: Connect To Remote Devices
IP address and MAC address appear in a list from which it can be selected and connected to. This list is built up automatically by all Marlin Bridges on the network and does not require any configuration by the user, so it provides a very fast and convenient way to connect to and manage other units on the network.
Page 177 UNIT NAME Name of the remote Marlin Bridge to be connected to. This name is set up for the unit in the SYSTEM configuration form. IP Address IP Address of the remote Marlin Bridge. MAC Address MAC Address of the remote Marlin Bridge.
Page 178: Utilities
6. U TILITIES This chapter provides a description of the command line utilities and procedures, as well as a faultfinding guide to various Marlin Bridge problems. 6.1 C ONFIGURATION EFAULT The current SAVEd configuration can be defaulted by typing CO STD from any menu.
Page 179: Configuration Load
TILITIES 6.4 C ONFIGURATION Provided that the stored configuration file is compatible, it may be loaded back into this or another unit. Type LCONFIG from any menu and when prompted, send the file to the unit as an ASCII file transfer. When the configuration file has been loaded into EPROM successfully, the unit will reboot itself automatically with the new configuration.
Page 180: Trace Window
The second column in the Trace Window is the Trace Record number. If the numbers are not in unbroken sequence, then some Trace messages have been lost due to the Marlin Bridge being too busy. The third column is a time stamp (number of milliseconds since the Marlin Bridge was last rebooted).
Page 181: Isdn Clearing Codes
6.7 ISDN C LEARING Table 6.1 below lists the ISDN call clearing codes returned by the network; these may vary depending on your service provider. Reason Undefined Unallocated (Unassigned Number) No Route specified transit network No route to destination Channel Unacceptable Channel Unacceptable Call awarded and being delivered in an established channel Normal Call Clearing...
Page 182: Table 6.2 Internal Clearing Codes
Recovery on timer expiry Internetworking unspecified Table 6.1 Network Clearing Codes Table 6.2 below lists the internal ISDN call clearing codes generated by the Nautica BRI Terminal Adapter. Reason 128-143 Call control timer expiry Data link failure TEI or SPID (USA) negotiation failure Network access not connected Call clearing due to restart procedure Table 6.2 Internal Clearing Codes...
Page 183: Faultfinding Tcp/Ip Networks
TILITIES 6.8 F TCP/IP N AULTFINDING ETWORKS To confirm that basic operation is correct, make a manual call and attempt to connect to a remote host. If this fails, then there is a general network problem, as at this stage the two networks are transparently joined together. The faultfinding process in a TCP/IP network is made easier by the fact that most TCP/IP terminal devices (hosts) contain a ‘ping’...
Page 184: Faultfinding Ipx Networks
TILITIES 6.9 F IPX N AULTFINDING ETWORKS To confirm that basic operation is correct, make a manual call and attempt to connect to a server. If this fails, then there is a general network problem, as at this stage the two networks are transparently joined together. IPX connections are established by first requesting a server with the Service Advertising Protocol (SAP), then requesting its location with the Routing Information Protocol (RIP).
Page 185 STAT ISDN. Then type CALL [number] where [number] is the ISDN phone number of the Marlin’s ISDN line that you are trying to test. If you have given a different local number to each ‘B’ channel, use the one you configured under ISDN2 (if you use the one configured under ISDN1, you will get a busy signal, clearing code 17).

Bay Networks Marlin Reference Manual

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