Daheng Imaging MARS USB3 User Manual
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Daheng Imaging MARS USB3 User Manual

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China Daheng Group, Inc. Beijing Image Vision Technology Branch
MARS USB3 Vision Cameras
User Manual
Version: V1.0.1
Date: 2020-03-09

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Summary of Contents for Daheng Imaging MARS USB3

  • Page 1 China Daheng Group, Inc. Beijing Image Vision Technology Branch MARS USB3 Vision Cameras User Manual Version: V1.0.1 Date: 2020-03-09...
  • Page 2 All rights reserved. No parts of this manual may be used or reproduced, in any forms or by any means, without prior written permission of China Daheng Group, Inc. Beijing Image Vision Technology Branch. The right is also reserved to modify or change any parts of this manual in the future without prior notification. All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners.
  • Page 3 The MARS family cameras are especially suitable for machine vision applications such as industrial inspection, medical, scientific research, education, security and so on. This manual describes in detail on how to install and use the MARS USB3 Vision digital cameras.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    Contents 1. Introduction ........................1 1.1. Series Introduction ....................1 1.2. Naming Rules ......................1 1.3. Standards ........................ 1 1.4. Document, CAD/Technical Drawing and Software Downloads ........ 2 2. Precautions ........................3 2.1. Guideline for Avoiding EMI and ESD ............... 3 2.2.
  • Page 5 6.2. Lens Selection Reference ..................19 6.2.1. HN-2M Series ......................... 20 6.2.2. HN-5M Series ......................... 20 7. Electrical Interface ......................22 7.1. LED Light ....................... 22 7.2. USB Port ....................... 22 7.3. I/O Port ........................22 7.3.1. Line0 (Opto-isolated Input) Circuit .................. 23 7.3.2.
  • Page 6 8.3.6. Lookup Table ........................59 8.3.7. Test Pattern ........................60 8.3.8. User Set Control ......................61 8.3.9. Device User ID ........................ 64 8.3.10. Timestamp ........................64 8.3.11. Binning .......................... 64 8.3.12. Decimation ........................67 8.3.13. Reverse X and Reverse Y ..................... 69 8.3.14.
  • Page 7 9.1.2.3. Auto Create Lut......................91 9.1.2.4. Save Lut ........................92 9.1.3. Precautions ........................92 9.1.3.1. Read From Device ....................92 9.1.3.2. Write To Device ......................93 9.1.3.3. Directory Structure ....................93 9.2. Frame Rate Calculation Tool ................. 93 10. FAQ ..........................95 11.

  • Page 8: Introduction

    1.2. Naming Rules Details of the MARS USB3 Vision series (MARS-U3) camera are given in the general specifications below. Each camera model name is determined by its sensor's maximum resolution, maximum frame rate at maximum resolution, the color/monochrome type of the sensor, etc.

  • Page 9: Document, Cad/Technical Drawing And Software Downloads

    1.Introduction 1.4. Document, CAD/Technical Drawing and Software Downloads Product related document, CAD/Technical drawing and software can be downloaded from the Downloads of DAHENG IMAGING website. The relevant contents are as follows: Document MARS USB3 Vision Cameras User Manual CAD/Technical Drawing DAHENG IMAGING MARS-U3 CAD/Technical Drawing Galaxy Windows SDK—USB3.0, GigE, MERCURY USB2.0 Cameras...

  • Page 10: Precautions

    2.Precautions 2. Precautions 2.1. Guideline for Avoiding EMI and ESD You should consider the EMI (Electro Magnetic Interference) and ESD (Electro-Static discharge) problem in the process of using the camera, to guarantee the camera to work in a relatively good electromagnetic environment.

  • Page 11: Installation Guideline

    3.1. Host Preparation 3.1.1. Software Package The software package of DAHENG IMAGING's MARS series is used to control the MARS series camera to provide stable, real-time image transmission, and provides multiple samples and easy-to-integrate SDKs for various programming tools. The package is composed of the following modules: Driver Package (Driver): This package provides the MARS series camera driver program, such as: the USB3.0 cameras' driver program.

  • Page 12: Camera Power

    3.Installation Guideline user can use the GenTL interface directly to develop their own control program. The definition and usage of GenTL interfaces can be downloaded from the website of EMVA. In addition, users can use some third-party software that supports GEN<i>CAM standard to control the camera, such as HALCON.

  • Page 13: Camera Driver Installation

    3.Installation Guideline 3.3. Camera Driver Installation 3.3.1. System Requirements GalaxySDK is suitable for all cameras in the MARS series. The GalaxySDK contains various operating systems such as Windows, Android and Linux. The requirements for the operating system and version of the installation package are as follows: Operating Systems Applicable Version...

  • Page 14: General Specification

    4.General Specification 4. General Specification 4.1. Explanation of Important Parameters 4.1.1. About Spectral Response QE: Quantum efficiency, which is the ratio of the average number of photoelectrons produced per unit time to the number of incident photons at a wavelength. Sensitivity: The change of the sensor output signal relative to the incident light energy.
  • Page 15 4.General Specification 1 input and 1 output with opto-isolated, 2 programmable GPIOs Operating Temp. 0° C~45° C Storage Temp. -20° C~70° C Operating Humidity 10%~80% Power Consumption < 4W@5V Lens Mount Dimensions 62mm×62 mm×50.4mm Weight 281g Software Windows XP/Win7/Win8/Win10 32bit, 64bit OS Data Interface USB3.0 Programmable Control...
  • Page 16 4.General Specification Gain 0dB~24dB Pixel Data Formats Mono8/Mono12 Signal Noise Ratio 40.47dB Synchronization External trigger, software trigger 1 input and 1 output with opto-isolated, 2 programmable GPIOs Operating Temp. 0° C~45° C Storage Temp. -20° C~70° C Operating Humidity 10%~80% Power Consumption <...

  • Page 17: Spectral Response

    4.General Specification 4.2.2. Spectral Response Figure 4-1 MARS-1230-23U3C sensor spectral response Figure 4-2 MARS-1230-23U3M sensor spectral response 4.3. MARS-1231-32U3M/C 4.3.1. Parameter Specifications MARS-1231-32U3C Resolution 4096×3000 © China Daheng Group, Inc. Beijing Image Vision Technology Branch...
  • Page 18 4.General Specification Sensor Type Sony IMX253 LQR global shutter CMOS Optical Size 1.1 inch 3.45μm×3.45μm Pixel Size Frame Rate 32.1fps @ 4096 × 3000 ADC Bit Depth 10bit Pixel Bit Depth 8bit, 10bit Shutter Time 24μs~1s Gain 0dB~24dB Pixel Data Formats Bayer RG8/Bayer RG10 Signal Noise Ratio 40.79dB...
  • Page 19 4.General Specification Conformity CE, RoHS, FCC, USB3 Vision, GenICam Table 4-3 MARS-1231-32U3C camera specifications Specifications MARS-1231-32U3M Resolution 4096×3000 Sensor Type Sony IMX253 LLR global shutter CMOS Optical Size 1.1 inch 3.45μm×3.45μm Pixel Size Frame Rate 32.1fps @ 4096 × 3000 ADC Bit Depth 10bit Pixel Bit Depth...

  • Page 20: Spectral Response

    4.General Specification Weight 281g Software Windows XP/Win7/Win8/Win10 32bit, 64bit OS Data Interface USB3.0 Programmable Control Image size, gain, exposure time, trigger polarity, flash polarity Conformity CE, RoHS, FCC, USB3 Vision, GenICam Table 4-4 MARS-1231-32U3M camera specifications 4.3.2. Spectral Response Figure 4-3 MARS-1231-32U3C sensor spectral response ©...
  • Page 21 4.General Specification Figure 4-4 MARS-1231-32U3M sensor spectral response © China Daheng Group, Inc. Beijing Image Vision Technology Branch...

  • Page 22: Dimensions

    5.Dimensions 5. Dimensions 5.1. Camera Dimensions Figure 5-1 MARS-U3 mechanical dimensions 5.2. Optical Interface MARS-U3 cameras are equipped with C-mount lens adapters. The back-flange distance is 17.526 mm (in the air). The maximum allowed thread length of lens should be less than 11.1mm, as shown in Figure 5-2. A longer lens thread will damage camera.

  • Page 23: Tripod Adapter Dimensions

    5.Dimensions Figure 5-2 Optical interface of C-mount 5.3. Tripod Adapter Dimensions When customizing the tripod adapter, you need to consider the relationship between tripod adapter, screw length and step thickness of tripod adapter. Screw length = tripod adapter step thickness + spring washer thickness + screwing length of camera screw thread Figure 5-3 Schematic diagram of screw specification, tripod adapter step thickness and spring washer thickness It is recommended that you select the screw specifications and the tripod adapter step thickness from...
  • Page 24 5.Dimensions Screw Tripod adapter step Spring washer Screwing length of camera specification thickness (mm) thickness (mm) screw thread (mm) M4*8 screw M4*10 screw If the screw specification and the thickness of the tripod adapter do not conform to the above table, it may cause the camera thread hole through or thread stripping.

  • Page 25: Filters And Lenses

    6.Filters and Lenses 6. Filters and Lenses 6.1. Filters The MARS color models are equipped with an IR filter. The thickness of the filter is 0.7± 0.05mm, and the cut-off frequency is 700nm, which reduces the influence of invisible light on the image. The monochrome models are equipped with a transparent glass.

  • Page 26: Lens Selection Reference

    6.Filters and Lenses 6.2. Lens Selection Reference DAHENG IMAGING is a professional supplier for images and machine vision devices in China. In addition to industrial cameras, it also provides high-resolution, high-optical machine vision lenses for a wide range of industrial cameras on the market.

  • Page 27: Hn-2M Series

    6.Filters and Lenses f = COMS size (horizontal or vertical) * Working distance / Field of View (corresponding to the horizontal or vertical direction of the COMS size) The corresponding lens is selected by the calculated focal length. 6.2.1. HN-2M Series The HN-2M series lenses are 2 megapixels for industrial, suitable for sensors with optical size of 1/2"...
  • Page 28 6.Filters and Lenses  Easy to install, there are 3 fixing holes on the lens barrel for fixing the iris and focusing. The best fixing hole can be selected according to the installation environment Models:  HN-0619-5M-C2/3X  HN-0816-5M-C2/3X  HN-1216-5M-C2/3X ...

  • Page 29: Electrical Interface

    7.Electrical Interface 7. Electrical Interface 7.1. LED Light An LED light is set on the back cover of camera which indicates camera's status, as shown in Table 7-1. LED light can display 3 colors: red, yellow and green. LED status Camera status The camera is powered off Solid red...

  • Page 30: Line0 (Opto-Isolated Input) Circuit

    7.Electrical Interface Line1- White Green Opto-isolated output - Line1+ White Blue Opto-isolated output + White Grey Not connected, reserved White Purple GPIO GND White Orange Not connected, reserved White Pink Not connected, reserved Table 7-2 I/O port definition (back sight of the camera) The polarity of GPIO pins cannot be reversed, otherwise, camera or other peripherals could burn out.
  • Page 31 7.Electrical Interface External input voltage Circuit-limiting resistance Rlimit Line0+ input voltage 680Ω About 5.5V 1kΩ About 6V 2kΩ About 10V Table 7-3 Circuit-limiting resistor value The connection method of the opto-isolated input circuit and the NPN and PNP photosensor is shown in Figure 7-2 and Figure 7-3.

  • Page 32: Line1 (Opto-Isolated Output) Circuit

    7.Electrical Interface Parameter Test condition Value (us) VIN=5V 3.02 6.96 Rising edge delay VIN=12V 2.46 5.14 VIN=5V 6.12 17.71 Falling edge delay VIN=12V 8.93 19.73 Table 7-4 Delay time of opto-isolated input circuit in typical application environment Figure 7-4 Parameter of opto-isolated input circuit ...
  • Page 33 7.Electrical Interface  Output voltage and output current of opto-isolated output circuit in typical application environment (temperature is 25° C) is as shown in Table 7-5 External voltage External resistance Output voltage (V) Output current (mA) EXVCC Rexternal 1kΩ 0.90 4.16 1kΩ...

  • Page 34: Gpio 2/3 (Bidirectional) Circuit

    7.Electrical Interface  Delay time (td): the time required from 50% rising of OUTPUT1 to the decrease to 90% of the maximum value of LINE1+  Falling time (tf): the time taken for the amplitude of LINE1+ to decrease from 90% to 10% of the maximum value ...
  • Page 35 7.Electrical Interface Figure 7-8 Internal equivalent circuit of camera when Line2 is configured as input To avoid the damage of GPIO pins, please connect GND pin before supplying power to Line2/3.  Logic 0 input voltage: 0V~+0.6V(Line2/3 voltage)  Logic 1 input voltage: +1.9V~+24V(Line2/3 voltage) ...

  • Page 36: Line2/3 Is Configured As Output

    7.Electrical Interface 3.3V External circuit Camera internal circuit Power + Pull-up resistor FPGA INPUT2 Line2 Signal output PWR GND Figure 7-9 NPN photoelectric sensor connected to Line2 input circuit 3.3V External circuit Camera internal circuit Power+ Signal output FPGA INPUT2 Line2 Pull-down resistor...
  • Page 37 7.Electrical Interface External voltage External resistance Line2/3 voltage (V) Output current (mA) EXVCC Rexternal 0.19 1kΩ 0.46 11.6 0.92 23.1 Table 7-7 Voltage and output current of Line2/3 in typical conditions  Rising time delay = tr+td: <20μs (0°C~45°C) (parameter description as shown in Figure 7-6) ...
  • Page 38 7.Electrical Interface External circuit EXVCC(5-24V) Line2 OUTPUT2 Figure 7-11 Internal equivalent circuit of camera when Line2 is configured as output © China Daheng Group, Inc. Beijing Image Vision Technology Branch...

  • Page 39: Features

    8.Features 8. Features 8.1. I/O Control 8.1.1. Input Mode Operation Configuring Line as input The MARS-U3 series camera has three input signals: Line0, Line2, and Line3. In which the Line0 is uni- directional opto-isolated input, Line2 and Line3 are bi-directional lines which can be configured as input or output.

  • Page 40: Output Mode Operation

    8.Features Example 1: Setting the trigger delay value to 1000ms, and the trigger signal will be valid after 1000ms delay, as shown in Figure 8-2. Figure 8-2 Trigger delay schematic diagram Input Inverter The signal level of input lines is configurable for the MARS-U3 series camera. The user can select whether the input level is reverse or not by setting "LineInverter".
  • Page 41 8.Features Each output source of the three output lines is configurable, and the output source includes: Strobe, UserOutput0, UserOutput1, UserOutput2. The default output source of the camera is UserOutput0 when the camera is powered on. What status (high or low level) of the output signal is valid depends on the specific external circuit. The following signal diagrams are described as examples of active low.
  • Page 42 8.Features Trigger Signal Exposure line by line Readout after exposure Exposure Time ExposureActive Figure 8-6 Electronic rolling shutter "ExposureActive" signal schematic diagram This signal is useful when the camera or target object is moving. For example, suppose the camera is mounted on a robotic arm that can move the camera to different position.
  • Page 43 8.Features Si gnal 1 Signal 2 Si gnal 3 Trigger Signal Image 1 Image 2 Image 3 Output Image FrameTriggerWait Signal Figure 8-7 "FrameTriggerWait" signal schematic diagram When the trigger mode is "FrameBurstStart", each time the camera receives a trigger signal, it will acquire AcquisitionFrameCount frames image.

  • Page 44: Read The Linestatus

    8.Features In order to facilitate the camera IO configuration and connection, the MARS-U3 series camera can configure output signal level. The user can select whether the output level is reverse or not by setting "LineInverter". The default output signal level is false when the camera is powered on, indicating that the output line level is not reversed.

  • Page 45: Acquisition Stop

    8.Features It can send AcquisitionStart command immediately after opening the camera. The acquisition process in continuous mode is illustrated in Figure 8-10, and the acquisition process in trigger mode is illustrated in Figure 8-11.  Continuous Acquisition Start Status … … Exposure …...

  • Page 46: Acquisition Mode

    8.Features  Acquisition stop during reading out Stop command Stop time Complete stop Exposure Incomplete frame Reading out Figure 8-12 Acquisition stop during reading out As shown in Figure 8-12, when the camera receives an AcquisitionStop command during reading out, it stops transferring frame data immediately.

  • Page 47: Trigger Type Selection

    8.Features After executing the AcquisitionStart command, the camera waits for a trigger signal, which may be a software trigger or an external trigger of the camera. When the camera receives the trigger signal and acquires an image, the camera will automatically stop image acquisition. If you want to acquire another frame of image, you must execute the AcquisitionStart command again.
  • Page 48 8.Features Trigger Signal frame3 frame2 frame2 frame1 Image Transmission Figure 8-14 FrameStart trigger  FrameBurstStart trigger mode You can use the FrameBurstStart trigger signal to acquire a series of images ("continuous shooting" of the image). Each time the camera receives a FrameBurstStart trigger signal, the camera will start acquiring a series of images.

  • Page 49: Switching Trigger Mode

    8.Features FrameBurstStart trigger signal FrameStart trigger signal Image transmission frame1 frame2 frame3 frame4 frame5 frame6 Figure 8-16 Two trigger modes are selected at the same time 8.2.4. Switching Trigger Mode During the stream acquisition process, the user can switch the trigger mode of the camera without the AcquisitionStop command.

  • Page 50: Continuous Mode And Configuration

    8.Features Mode Continuous mode Continuous mode Trigger mode Trigger … … Acquisition frame5 frame3 … … frame2 frame4 frame6 frame1 Camera Continuous Frame Trigger Frame Continuous Frame output Figure 8-18 Switch trigger mode during blanking As shown in Figure 8-18, the camera with trigger mode OFF begins after receiving an AcquisitionStart command.

  • Page 51: External Trigger Acquisition And Configuration

    8.Features Set the Trigger Source to Software. Send Software Trigger command. All the software trigger commands are sent by the host through the USB3.0 bus, to trigger the camera to acquire and transmit images.  Software trigger acquisition features In software trigger acquisition mode, the camera begins to acquire one image after receiving software trigger commands.
  • Page 52 8.Features The camera's trigger source Line0 uses opto-isolated circuit to isolate signal. Its internal circuit delay trigger signal and rising edge's delay time is less than falling edge's. There are a dozen clock cycles delay of rising edge and dozens clock cycles delay of falling edge. If you use Line0 to trigger the camera, the positive pulse signal's positive width will be wider (about 20-40μs) and the negative pulse signal's negative width will be narrower (about 20-40μs).

  • Page 53: Set Exposure

    8.Features The exposure delay data for each model is as follows: Model Exposure delay (us) MARS-1230-23U3M/C 33~89 MARS-1231-32U3M/C 24~62 Table 8-2 MARS-U3 series camera exposure delay range 8.2.8. Set Exposure  Global Shutter The implementation process of global shutter is as shown in Figure 8-20, all the lines of the sensor are exposed at the same time, and then the sensor will read out the image date one by one.
  • Page 54 8.Features Exposure line by line Readout after exposure Exposing Exposure time Reading Readout time Time Figure 8-21 Electronic rolling shutter The implementation process of electronic rolling shutter is as shown in Figure 8-21, different from the global shutter, electronic rolling shutter exposures from the first line, and starts the second line exposure after a row period.

  • Page 55: Overlapping Exposure And Non-Overlapping Exposure

    8.Features of 1/100s, under 60Hz light source, the exposure time must be a multiple of 1/120s), to ensure better image quality. You can set the exposure time that is synchronized with the external light source by using the demo or interface function. The MARS-U3 series camera supports Auto Exposure feature.
  • Page 56 8.Features Trigger Trigger Trigger Frame N Frame N+1 Frame N+2 Sensor Exposure Frame N Frame N+1 Sensor Readout Time Figure 8-23 The trigger acquisition exposure sequence diagram in non-overlapping exposure mode  Overlapping exposure In overlapping exposure mode, the current frame image exposure process is overlap with the readout of the previous frame.

  • Page 57: Basic Features

    8.Features Trigger Trigger Trigger Frame N Frame N+1 Frame N+2 Sensor Exposure Frame N Frame N+1 Sensor Readout Time Figure 8-25 The trigger acquisition exposure sequence diagram in overlapping exposure mode Compared with non-overlapping exposure mode, in overlapping exposure mode, the camera can obtain higher frame rate.

  • Page 58: Pixel Format

    8.Features Figure 8-26 The cameras response curve 8.3.2. Pixel Format By setting the pixel format, the user can select the format of output image. The available pixel formats depend on the camera model and whether the camera is monochrome or color. The following table shows the pixel format supported by the camera.
  • Page 59 8.Features When the pixel format is set to Mono8, the brightness value of each pixel is 8 bits. The format in the memory is as follows: …… …… …… Among them Y00, Y01, Y02 … are the gray value of each pixel that starts from the first row of the image. Then the gray value of the second row pixels of the images is Y10, Y11, and Y12…...
  • Page 60 8.Features …… …… …… Where R00 is the first pixel value of the first row (for the red component), G01 represents the second pixel value (for the green component), and so on, so that the first row pixel values are arranged. G10 is the first pixel value of the second row (for the green component), the B11 is the second pixel value (for the blue component), and so on, and the second row of pixel values are arranged.

  • Page 61: Roi

    8.Features Where G00 is the first pixel value of the first row (for the green component), R01 represents the second pixel value (for the red component), and so on, so that the first row pixel values are arranged. B10 is the first pixel value of the second row (for the blue component), the G11 is the second pixel value (for the green component), and so on, and the second row of pixel values are arranged.

  • Page 62: Auto Exposure/Auto Gain

    8.Features Column 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 OffsetY Height Width OffsetX When reducing the height of the ROI, the maximum frame rate of the camera will be raised. Please refer section 8.5.1 for specific effects on the acquisition frame rate. 8.3.4.

  • Page 63: Auto Gain

    8.Features The default value of ROI is the entire image, you can set the ROI according to your need. Where the minimum value of AAROIWidth can be set to 16, and the maximum value is equal to the current image width.

  • Page 64: Auto Exposure

    8.Features The camera adjusts the gain value within the range [minimum gain value, maximum gain value] which is set by the user. The auto gain feature can be used with the auto exposure at the same time, when target grey is changed from dark to bright, the auto exposure adjust is prior to auto gain adjust.

  • Page 65: Auto White Balance Adjustment

    8.Features AWBROIWidth + AWBROIOffsetX ≤ Width AWBROIHeight + AWBROIOffsetY ≤ Height If condition 2 is not met, the user cannot set the ROI. The default value of ROI is the entire image, you can set the "white dot" area (ROI) according to your need. Where the minimum value of AWBROIWidth can be set is 16, the maximum value is equal to the current image width.

  • Page 66: Lookup Table

    8.Features that the hue of the ROI is the same as the hue of the light source. That is: high temperature is cold, low color temperature is warm. The auto white balance feature is only available on color sensors. 8.3.6. Lookup Table When the analog signal that is read out by the sensor has been converted via ADC, generally, the raw data bit depth is larger than 8bit, there are 14bit, 12bit, 10bit and etc.

  • Page 67: Test Pattern

    8.Features 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Figure 8-30 Non-linear lookup table 8.3.7. Test Pattern The MARS-U3 series camera supports three test images: gray gradient test image, static diagonal gray gradient test image, and moving diagonal gray gradient test image. When the camera captures in RAW12 mode, the gray value of test image is: the pixel gray value in RAW8 mode multiplies by 16, as the output of pixel gray value in RAW12 mode.

  • Page 68: User Set Control

    8.Features In the moving diagonal gray gradient test image, in the adjacent frame, the first pixel gray value of the next frame increases by 1 compared to the previous frame. So, in the dynamic image, the image is scrolling to the left.
  • Page 69 8.Features save the parameter set, which can easily save the parameters that the user use, including the control parameters that the camera needed. There three types of configuration parameters: the currently effective configuration parameters, the vendor default configuration parameters (Default), and the user configuration parameters (UserSet).
  • Page 70 8.Features The camera's configuration parameters which are saved in the user parameter set include:  Gain  ExposureTime  PixelFormat  OffsetX, OffsetY, ImageWidth, ImageHeight  EventNotification  TriggerMode, TriggerSource, TriggerPolarity, TriggerDelay  TriggerFilterRaisingEdge, TriggerFilterFallingEdge  LineMode, LineInverter, LineSource, UserOutputValue ...

  • Page 71: Device User Id

    8.Features 8.3.9. Device User ID The MARS-U3 series camera provides programmable device user ID function, the user can set a unique identification for the camera, and can open and control the camera by the unique identification. The user-defined name is a string which maximum length is 16 bytes, the user can set it by the following ways: Set by the GalxyView, as shown in the Figure 8-34.
  • Page 72 8.Features  How Binning Works On color cameras, the camera combines (sums or averages) the pixel values of adjacent pixels of the same color: Figure 8-35 Horizontal color Binning by 2 Figure 8-36 Vertical color Binning by 2 When the horizontal Binning factor and the vertical Binning factor are both set to 2, the camera combines the adjacent 4 sub-pixels of the same color according to the corresponding positions, and outputs the combined pixel values as one sub-pixel.
  • Page 73 8.Features Horizontal Binning is the processing of pixels in adjacent rows. Vertical Binning is the processing of pixels in adjacent columns. Binning factor 1: Disable Binning. Binning factor 2, 4: Indicate the number of rows or columns to be processed. For example, the horizontal Binning factor 2 indicates that the Binning is enabled in the horizontal direction, and the pixels of two adjacent rows are processed.

  • Page 74: Decimation

    8.Features 8.3.12. Decimation The Decimation can reduce the number of sensor pixel columns or rows that are transmitted by the camera, reducing the amount of data that needs to be transmitted and reducing bandwidth usage.  How Vertical Decimation Works On mono cameras, if you specify a vertical Decimation factor of n, the camera transmits only every n row.
  • Page 75 8.Features Figure 8-41 Mono camera horizontal Decimation Figure 8-42 Color camera horizontal Decimation As a result, the image width is reduced. For example, enabling horizontal Decimation by 2 halves the image width. The camera automatically adjusts the image ROI settings. Horizontal Decimation does not (or only to a very small extent) increase the camera's frame rate.

  • Page 76: Reverse X And Reverse Y

    8.Features The displayed image will not be distorted if the vertical and horizontal Decimation factors are equal. When only horizontal Decimation or vertical Decimation is used, the displayed image will be reduced in width or height. 4) Mutually exclusive with Binning Decimation and Binning cannot be used simultaneously in the same direction.

  • Page 77: Digital Shift

    8.Features Figure 8-47 The original image Figure 8-48 Reverse X and Y enabled  Using Image ROI with Reverse X or Reverse Y If you have specified an image ROI while using Reverse X or Reverse Y, you must bear in mind that the position of the ROI relative to the sensor remains the same.
  • Page 78 8.Features This increases the brightness of the image. If your camera doesn't support the digital shift feature, you can use the Gain feature to achieve a similar effect.  How Digital Shift Works Configuring a digital shift factor of n results in a logical left shift by n on all pixel values. This has the effect of multiplying all pixel values by 2 If the resulting pixel value is greater than the maximum value possible for the current pixel format (e.g., 255 for an 8-bit pixel format, 1023 for a 10-bit pixel format, and 4095 for a 12-bit pixel format), the value is...

  • Page 79: Acquisition Status

    8.Features Raw pi xel value(8bit): 45 Raw pi xel value(12bit): 726 Shift pi xel value(8bit): 181 Example 3: Digital Shift by 1, 12-bit Image Data, High Value Assume that your camera is using a 12-bit pixel format. Also assume that one of your original pixel values is 2839.

  • Page 80: Remove Parameter Limits

    MARS-1231-32U3M/C 0-1023 3, 1 Table 8-6 MARS USB3 Vision series camera black level adjustment range 8.3.17. Remove Parameter Limits The range of camera parameters is usually limited, and these factory limits are designed to ensure the best camera performance and high image quality. However, for certain use cases, you may want to specify parameter values outside of the factory limits.

  • Page 81: User Data Area

    8.Features Sharpness 0~63 White Balance 0~15.996 0~31.996 component factor Auto White Balance 1~15.996 1~31.996 Table 8-7 Parameter range of features supported before and after Remove Parameter Limits 8.3.18. User Data Area The user data area is a FLASH data area reserved for the user, and the user can use the area to save algorithm factors, parameter configurations, etc.

  • Page 82: Counter

    8.Features From the start of the timer to the full output of Timer1Active, this process will not be interrupted by the ExposureStart signal, and Timer1Active must be completely output to start timing according to the next ExposureStart signal. As shown in the figure below, the red ExposureStart signals are ignored.

  • Page 83: Image Processing

    8.Features 8.4. Image Processing 8.4.1. Color Transformation Control The Color Transformation is used to correct the color information delivered by the sensor, improve the color reproduction of the camera, and make the image closer to the human visual perception. Figure 8-55 Color template The user can use a color template containing 24 colors and shoot this color template with a camera, the RGB value of each color may be different from the standard RGB value of the standard color template, the vendor can use the software or hardware to convert the RGB value that is read to the standard RGB value.
  • Page 84 8.Features How it works The color transformation feature uses a transformation matrix to deliver modified red, green, and blue pixel data for each pixel. The transformation is performed by premultiplying a 3 x 1 matrix containing R, G, and B pixel values by a 3 x 3 matrix containing the color transformation values: Effect images Figure 8-56 Before color transformation...

  • Page 85: Gamma

    8.Features Figure 8-57 After color transformation 8.4.2. Gamma The Gamma can optimize the brightness of acquired images for display on a monitor. 1) Prerequisites If the GammaEnable parameter is available, it must be set to true. 2) How it works The camera applies a Gamma correction value (γ) to the brightness value of each pixel according to the following formula (red pixel value (R) of a color camera shown as an example): The maximum pixel value (R...

  • Page 86: Sharpness

    8.Features In all cases, black pixels (gray value = 0) and white pixels (gray value = maximum) will not be adjusted. If you enable Gamma correction and the pixel format is set to a 10-bit or 12-bit, some image information will be lost. Pixel data output will still be 10-bit or 12-bit, but the pixel values will be interpolated during the Gamma correction process, resulting in loss of accuracy and loss of image information.

  • Page 87: Lookup Table

    8.Features 8.4.4. Lookup Table When the analog signal that is read out by the sensor has been converted via ADC, generally, the raw data bit depth is larger than 8 bits, there are 12 bits, 10 bits, etc. The feature of lookup table is to replace some pixel values in the 8 bits, 10 bits, and 12 bits images by values defined by the user.

  • Page 88: Defect Pixel Correction

    8.Features If you want to replace all pixel values, it is recommended to use the LUTValueAll function. See the LutValueAll sample code in the Development User Manual for details. 8.4.5. Defect Pixel Correction Due to the technical defects of the image sensor, the camera has defect pixels. Some of these defect pixels are fixed at the same gray value and do not change with the scene, which are called dead pixels.

  • Page 89: Usb Interface Bandwidth

    8.Features Frame rate (Unit: fps) �� �� It is recommended to use the frame rate calculation tool, the frame rate will be calculated automatically after the configuration parameters are filled. 8.5.2. USB Interface Bandwidth The theoretical bandwidth of the USB interface of MARS-U3 series camera is 400MBps, but actually the value will decrease with the type of the USB3.0 host controller, the version of the host controller driver, the wastage of the HUB and the host performance.

  • Page 90: Camera Acquisition Time

    8.Features Table 8-8 MARS-U3 camera bandwidth control 8.5.4. Camera Acquisition Time The acquisition time of the camera is related to the OffsetY and height of the image ROI. When the OffsetY and height change in the ROI setting, it will affect the frame period captured by the camera front end, which will affect the acquisition frame rate.
  • Page 91 8.Features  The trigger signal overflow (FrameStartOvertrigger)  The image frame block is not empty (BlockNotEmpty)  The burst trigger signal overflow (FrameBurstStartOvertrigger)  The trigger signal wait (FrameStartWait)  The burst trigger signal wait (FrameBurstStartWait) Every event has a corresponding enable status, and in default all the events' enable status are disable. When using the event feature, you need to enable the corresponding event.

  • Page 92: Exposureend Event

    8.Features 8.6.1. ExposureEnd Event If the ExposureEnd Event is enabled, when the camera's sensor has been exposed, the camera sends out an ExposureEnd Event to the host, indicating that the exposure has been completed. 8.6.2. BlockDiscard Event When the average bandwidth of the write-in data is greater than the average bandwidth of the read-out data, the frame buffer may overflow.

  • Page 93: Software Tool

    9.1. LUT Create Tool 9.1.1. GUI LUT Create Tool, which supports all series of DAHENG IMAGING cameras. This plugin is integrated into GalaxyView.exe. After opening the device that you want to operate through this software, you can open LUT Create Tool from the menu bar plugin list. With the plugin you can achieve the following functions: Adjust the image Gamma, brightness, and contrast.

  • Page 94: User Guide

    9.Software Tool After opening the device and LUT Create Tool through GalaxyView.exe, the initial GUI is shown in Figure 9-1. The layout and function description of widgets are as follows: [GroupBox] Select Lut from standard Lut, read from device, Lut file, CSV file and default. Among them, standard Lut is eight groups of factory standard Luts.
  • Page 95 9.Software Tool Figure 9-2 Standard Lut Read From Device When you select read from device, the tool will automatically load UserSet0, and then load the Lut saved by the device. If the device supports LUTEnable, it will automatically set LUTEnable to true to display the image effect in real time, the GUI is as shown in Figure 9-3.
  • Page 96 9.Software Tool Figure 9-3 Do not support "Read From Device" When selecting "Read From Device", the polyline graph and image effects are updated to the lookup table in the device. When selecting the standard Lut or default Lut and selecting "Write To Device", then when reading, the written parameters will be updated to the GUI.
  • Page 97 9.Software Tool Figure 9-4 Select "Read from Device " Lut file After selecting the Lut file, a dialog box for selecting the file will pop up. You can select the file in the format of .lut, and update the polyline diagram and image acquisition effect of the device. If you select standard Lut or default Lut, and auto create Lut, the widget interface will update the parameters stored when saving Lut (the updated parameter values include Lut range, Gamma, brightness, contrast, and the values selected by the standard Lut drop-down box).

  • Page 98: Auto Create Lut

    9.Software Tool Figure 9-5 Select CSV file CSV file can be manually modified by users. Currently, csv storage format saves decimal number of every four bytes to the first cell of each line in the file, and the maximum value of the number in each cell is 4095, a total of 4096 lines.

  • Page 99: Save Lut

    9.Software Tool difference between the maximum and minimum values of the Lut range needs to be greater than or equal to 63. After selecting the GroupBox, when the above parameters are modified, the generated Lut will be written to the device Flash in real time. At this time, the "Write To Device" is not selected. After the device is powered off and restarted, the modified parameters will be lost.

  • Page 100: Write To Device

    9.Software Tool When reading from device, UserSet0 will be loaded, which will cause the previously modified device feature information to be lost. Therefore, the information should be saved in time before reading from device. 9.1.3.2. Write To Device In order to ensure that the device will restore the effect before power off after the device is power-on again. When writing to device, it will set the parameter set to UserSet0 and set the UserSetDefault to UserSet0.
  • Page 101 9.Software Tool more details about BinningHorizontal, BinningVertical, DecimationHorizontal DecimationVertical, please refer to section 8.3.11 section 8.3.12. These four parameters affect the transmission time of the image data. The ExposureTime is the exposure time when the camera acquires one frame of image. The PixelFormat is the pixel format corresponding to the camera output image, including 8 bits, 10 bits or 12 bits.

  • Page 102: Faq

    10.FAQ 10. FAQ General Question Answer On the unactivated Windows7 64bit Activate Windows7 64bit system, uninstall the system, the installation of Galaxy SDK package, restart the system, reinstall the package has been successfully, but open the and reopen the demo program. demo program failed.
  • Page 103 10.FAQ Camera crashes on Advantech AIIS- Be sure the driver version of AMD USB controller 1440 IPC. is later than 2.20. © China Daheng Group, Inc. Beijing Image Vision Technology Branch...

  • Page 104: Revision History

    11.Revision History 11. Revision History Version Changes Date V1.0.0 Initial release 2019-09-25 Modify Figure 1-1, Figure 7-6 and Figure 8-9 V1.0.1 2020-03-09 Rename MARS-1230-23U3x and MARS-1231-32U3x to MARS-1230-23U3M/C and MARS-1231-32U3M/C © China Daheng Group, Inc. Beijing Image Vision Technology Branch...

  • Page 105: Contact Us

    12.Contact Us 12. Contact Us 12.1. Contact Sales If you need to order products or inquire product information, please contact our sales: Beijing Headquarters Tel: 010-82828878 Fax: 010-82563343 Email: isales@deheng-imaging.com Shanghai Office Tel: 021-35312826 Fax: 021-65201839-128 Email: shanghai@daheng-imaging.com Shenzhen Office Tel: 0755-83479565 Fax: 0755-82044020 E-mail:...

  • Page 106: Contact Support

    12.Contact Us Email: xian@daheng-imaging.com 12.2. Contact Support If you have any questions in using DAHENG IMAGING products, please contact the experts on our support team: Tel: 400-999-7595 Email: isupport@daheng-imaging.com © China Daheng Group, Inc. Beijing Image Vision Technology Branch...

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