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12. Examine the optic disc for clarity of
outline, color, elevation and
condition of the vessels. Follow
each vessel as far to the periphery
as you can. To locate the macula,
focus on the disc, then move the
light approximately one (1) disc
diameter temporally. You may also
have the patient look at the light of
the ophthalmoscope, which will automatically place the macula in
full view. Examine for abnormalities in the macular area. The red-
free filter facilitates viewing of the center of the macula, or the
fovea.
13. To examine the extreme periphery instruct the patient to:
A
look up for examination of the superior retina
B
look down for examination of the inferior retina
C
look temporally for examination of the temporal retina
D
look nasally for examination of the nasal retina.
This routine will reveal almost any abnormality that occurs in the
fundus.
10
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