Audi A8 2019 Service Training page 11

Joining techniques
The following connection systems are used when assembling the multi-material body:
› Resistance spot welds on steel.
› Resistance spot welds on aluminum.
› MAG welds.
› Laser welds on aluminum.
› MIG welds.
› Friction element welds.
› Semi-tubular punch rivets.
› Pop rivets.
› Flow drill screws.
› Clinch connections.
› Seaming.
› Bonding.
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