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3. Steering system
3.1 General Description
The function of steering system of forklift is to change the driving direction of the
forklift or keep the forklift in straight line driving. The performance of steering system
directly concerns with the driving safety, operation efficiency of forklifts and labor
intensity of drivers. The steering system is divided into two categories of mechanical
steering system (manual steering system) and power steering according to the power
source of steering. The mechanical steering system is operated to overcome steering
resistance moment fully by relying on the force and skill of driver, while in power
steering system, the energy consumed to overcome the steering resistance moment is
provided by prime mover and the driver can operate the system to control the turning
direction with very small force.
As requested by the working characteristic of the forklifts, the operation site and
driving pass are relatively narrow, changing-over is frequent and the minimum radius
turnings are often needed, therefore, the steering system is required to be reliable and
light in operation. Since the load of steering axle occupies about 60% of the vehicle
weight in case of idling, G2-series three-wheel lithium battery powered forklift trucks
produced by our Co. adopt fully EPS electric steering system.
3.2 Working Principle
When the truck is steering, the driver controls the steering wheel, and the TFD
(torque feedback device) is connected with the steering spindle. When the steering
spindle rotates, the TFD starts to work and turns the rotation angle into an electrical
signal. The controller judges the steering force and speed according to the real-time speed.
On the one hand, the controller controls the TFD torque feedback device to exert reverse
torque on steering wheel to ensure the safety of truck steering at high speed; on the other
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