Apogee SP-110 Owner's Manual
Pyranometer
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Summary of Contents for Apogee SP-110
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Page 1: Owner's Manual
OWNER’S MANUAL PYRANOMETER Models SP-110 and SP-230 (including SS models) APOGEE INSTRUMENTS, INC. | 721 WEST 1800 NORTH, LOGAN, UTAH 84321, USA TEL: (435) 792-4700 | FAX: (435) 787-8268 | WEB: APOGEEINSTRUMENTS.COM Copyright © 2018 Apogee Instruments, Inc. -
Page 2: Table Of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS Owner’s Manual ..........................................1 Certificate of Compliance ....................................3 Introduction ..........................................4 Sensor Models ......................................... 5 Specifications ........................................... 6 Deployment and Installation ....................................9 Operation and Measurement ................................... 11 Maintenace and Recalibration ..................................16 Troubleshooting and Customer Support..............................18... -
Page 3: Certificate Of Compliance
(PBB), polybrominated diphenyls (PBDE). Further note that Apogee Instruments does not specifically run any analysis on our raw materials or end products for the presence of these substances, but rely on the information provided to us by our material suppliers. -
Page 4: Introduction
Apogee Instruments SP series pyranometers consist of a cast acrylic diffuser (filter), photodiode, and signal processing circuitry mounted in an anodized aluminum housing, and a cable to connect the sensor to a measurement device. Sensors are potted solid with no internal air space and are designed for continuous total shortwave radiation measurement on a planar surface in outdoor environments. -
Page 5: Sensor Models
SP-421 SDI-12 SP-422 Modbus *Pyranometer model SP-230 is similar to model SP-110, but includes internal heaters designed to keep the diffuser free of precipitation events such as dew or frost. SP-110 SP-230 Sensor model number and serial number are located near the pigtail leads on the sensor cable. -
Page 6: Specifications
Calibration Traceability Apogee Instruments SP series pyranometers are calibrated through side-by-side comparison to the mean of four Apogee model SP-110 transfer standard pyranometers (shortwave radiation reference) under high intensity discharge metal halide lamps. - Page 7 Spectral Response Spectral response estimate of Apogee silicon-cell pyranometers. Spectral response was estimated by multiplying the spectral response of the photodiode, diffuser, and adhesive. Spectral response measurements of diffuser and adhesive were made with a spectrometer, and spectral response data for the photodiode were obtained from the manufacturer.
- Page 8 ± 2 % and ± 5 % at solar zenith angles of 45° and 75°, respectively. Mean cosine response of eleven Apogee silicon- cell pyranometers (error bars represent two standard deviations above and below mean). Cosine response measurements were made...
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Page 9: Deployment And Installation
Mount the sensor to a solid surface with the nylon mounting screw provided. To accurately measure PPFD incident on a horizontal surface, the sensor must be level. An Apogee Instruments model AL-100 Leveling Plate is recommended to level the sensor when used on a flat surface or being mounted to surfaces such as wood. To facilitate mounting on a mast or pipe, the Apogee Instruments model AL-120 Solar Mounting Bracket with Leveling Plate is recommended. - Page 10 Inline cable connectors are installed 30 cm from the head (pyranometer pictured) Instructions Pins and Wiring Colors: All Apogee connectors have six pins, but not all pins are used for every sensor. There may also be unused wire colors inside the cable. To simplify data logger connection, we remove the unused pigtail lead colors at the data logger end of the cable.
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Page 11: Operation And Measurement
SP-110: The sensor is self-powered and applying voltage will damage the sensor. VERY IMPORTANT: Apogee changed all wiring colors of our bare-lead sensors in March 2018 in conjunction with the release of inline cable connectors on some sensors. To ensure proper connection to your data device, please note your serial number or if your sensor has a stainless-steel connector 30 cm from the sensor head then use the appropriate wiring configuration below. - Page 12 SP-230: Only apply voltage to the integrated heaters. The sensor is self-powered and applying voltage will damage the sensor. Wiring for SP-230 Serial Numbers range 0-9897 Red: High side of differential channel (positive lead for sensor) Black: Low side of differential channel (negative lead for sensor) Clear: Analog ground (shield wire) Green: Ground (negative lead for heater)
- Page 13 Spectral Errors for Measurements with Silicon-cell Pyranometers Apogee SP series pyranometers are calibrated under electric lamps in a calibration laboratory. The calibration procedure simulates calibration under clear sky conditions at a solar zenith angle of approximately 45°. However, due to the limited spectral sensitivity of silicon-cell pyranometers compared to the solar radiation spectrum (see graph below), spectral errors occur when measurements are made in conditions that differ from conditions the sensor was calibrated under (e.g., the solar...
- Page 14 The graphs below show spectral error estimates for Apogee silicon-cell pyranometers at varying solar zenith angles and varying atmospheric air mass. The diffuser is optimized to minimize directional errors, thus...
- Page 15 Operation of Heater (SP-230) Apogee model SP-230 pyranometers have an internal heater to allow for sensor heating during precipitation events or under conditions of dew, frost, and snow deposition. The heater is designed to keep the water (liquid and frozen) off the diffuser, though it does not need to be used in order to make measurements of shortwave radiation.
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Page 16: Maintenace And Recalibration
MAINTENACE AND RECALIBRATION Moisture or debris on the diffuser is a common cause of low readings. The sensor has a domed diffuser and housing for improved self-cleaning from rainfall, but materials can accumulate on the diffuser (e.g., dust during periods of low rainfall, salt deposits from evaporation of sea spray or sprinkler irrigation water) and partially block the optical path. - Page 17 Homepage of the Clear Sky Calculator. Two calculators are available: One for pyranometers (total shortwave radiation) and one for quantum sensors (photosynthetic photon flux density). Clear Sky Calculator for pyranometers. Site data are input in blue cells in middle of page and an estimate of total shortwave radiation is returned on right-hand side of page.
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Page 18: Troubleshooting And Customer Support
Blocking all radiation from the sensor should force the sensor signal to zero. The heaters inside Apogee model SP-230 are designed to mitigate effects from snow, frost, and dew by warming the sensor body temperature approximately 3 C above ambient air temperature, while under conditions of no solar loading or radiant heating.
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