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Summary of Contents for Sherwood Scientific 360
- Page 1 Model 360 Flame Photometer Operator Manual © Copyright 2010 Sherwood Scientific Ltd. All rights reserved. 360 91 001 Issue 2 June 2010 ECN 617 G:\DOCUMENT CONTROL\Manuals\Flame\360\36091001 M360 Operator Manual Issue 2.doc...
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Page 2: Intended Use
Service information for use by appropriately qualified personnel is also available. The Model 360 is intended for use by persons knowledgeable in safe laboratory practices. If the instrument is not used in accordance with these instructions for use, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired. -
Page 3: Table Of Contents
Model 360 Flame Photometer Contents Page Intended Use ............................ 2 1 Introduction ..........................5 Introduction ......................5 Summary of the Test ....................5 Flame Photometry Principles of Operation ............... 6 Reagents........................6 Dilutions ......................... 6 Storage ........................6 Purification ......................6 2 Installation ........................... - Page 4 Model 360 Flame Photometer 4 Operating Instructions ........................ 17 Front Panel Controls and Indicators ............... 17 Power on ....................... 17 Flame on ....................... 17 Blank ........................17 Fine and Coarse ....................17 Na, K, Li, Ca & Ba LED ..................17 Hold ........................
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Page 5: Introduction
Please refer to Section 8.2 for a complete list of spares and accessories. The Model 360 has a fail-safe device, which automatically stops the gas flow if the flame does not ignite, or if during operation, the flame is extinguished. It also has an air pressure switch so that if the air pressure falls below a specified value the flame will not ignite or will be extinguished. -
Page 6: Flame Photometry Principles Of Operation
The photodetector generates an electrical signal which is amplified and displayed on a digital readout. Reagents Sherwood Scientific supplies a wide range of reagents, including standards, diluent and maintenance solutions, for use with the Model 360 Flame Photometer. Please refer to Section 8.3 for a complete list of the reagents. -
Page 7: Installation
CARE should be taken to use the correct adaptor for the local supply. Fuel The Model 360 comes in two versions, one for use with Butane or Propane, another for use with Natural Gas. The use of Natural Gas is not advised for accurate work. -
Page 8: Site Conditions
The instrument must be placed on a strong, level worktop, free from vibration. The Model 360 requires approximately 400mm x 400mm of bench space, which includes a distance of 100mm between the edge of the bench and the front of the instrument for solutions and clearance at the rear for fuel and air tubing, with clear access to the mains supply switch. -
Page 9: Assembly
Model 360 Flame Photometer Assembly EQUIPMENT REQUIRED: - Flat blade screwdriver. You may wish to refer to the M360 Assembly Procedure sheet in addition to the following: Unpack the instrument and accessories, removing all packaging. Insert the Burner Stem into the Mixing Chamber Assembly and the Burner into the Burner Stem. - Page 10 Model 360 Flame Photometer Installation continued Assembly continued Slide the Constant Head and Drain over the screws on the right hand side of the Vanity/Rear Panel. Connect the ‘U’ Tube (item 5, Figure 2.4) to the bottom outlet of the Mixing Chamber Assembly.
- Page 11 Model 360 Flame Photometer Installation continued Assembly continued Slide the Metal Inner Chimney over the Glass Inner Chimney, locating it within the three spring clips. Place the Outer chimney around this and secure it to the chimney tray with two thumbscrews from underneath.
- Page 12 Model 360 Flame Photometer Installation continued Assembly continued Remove the nebuliser from its box and push the nebuliser barb into the air tubing (item 3, Figure 2.4). Fit the nebuliser, with its flat sealing washer, to the mixing chamber and position the retainer to lock it into position (item 2, Figure 2.4). Fit the nebuliser inlet tube (item 7, Figure 2.4), making sure that it is pointing...
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Page 13: Connecting A Chart Recorder
Model 360 Flame Photometer Installation continued Assembly continued Fit the length of drain tubing (400 22 000) to the outlet on the Constant Head and Drain. If necessary shorten the tube or connect a suitable length of tubing (not supplied), to extend the drain tubing to carry waste to a sink or other drain receptacle. -
Page 14: Performance Characteristics And Specification
Model 360 Flame Photometer Performance Characteristics and Specification Readout 3½-digit light emitting diode (LED) display Display range 0 to 1999. NOTE If negative values are displayed the instrument is operating outside of the recommended measurement range. Limits of Detection 0.1ppm 0.1ppm... -
Page 15: Reproducibility
Model 360 Flame Photometer Performance Characteristics and Specification continued Reproducibility NOTE The following specification is correct for use on Propane or Butane. If Natural Gas is used the reproducibility may be poorer. ≤ 1.5% CV (coefficient of variation) for 20 consecutive readings from an aqueous standard of 10ppm Potassium set to 1000. -
Page 16: Chart Recorder Output
8 hours. Installation Category Installation Category 1 Power Requirements The Model 360 is provided with a Universal Power Supply accepting input voltages over the range 100-240 V AC, 50/60Hz 0.6A with output to the instrument of 12V DC 1.25A. 3.10 Size Overall, including chimney and rear panel connectors, 500mm high x 300mm wide x 230mm deep. -
Page 17: Operating Instructions
Model 360 Flame Photometer Operating Instructions Controls and Indicators (See Figure 4.1). Power on LED which illuminates when the instrument is switched on. Flame on LED which is illuminated when the flame is alight. The instrument has a fail-safe system, if the flame is extinguished the LED will flash and the fuel supply is shut off. - Page 18 Model 360 Flame Photometer Operating Instructions continued Controls and Indicators continued Figure 4.1 Controls 360 91 001 Issue 2 June 2010 ECN 617 - 18 -...
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Page 19: Rear Panel Controls And Connectors
Model 360 Flame Photometer Operating Instructions continued Rear Controls and Connectors Power The switch (item 1, Figure 4.2) turns the power supply on and off. When the instrument is switched on (1), the power on LED is illuminated, and an ignition cycle is initiated. When switched off (0), the flame is extinguished, the fuel supply is shut off and the power supply to the instrument is switched off. -
Page 20: Initial Adjustment
Model 360 Flame Photometer Operating Instructions continued Initial Adjustment NOTE The following instructions assume that the air compressor is switched on and supplying the instrument with air. Check that the air pressure gauge (on the left panel) indicates a reading between 11 and 13psig. -
Page 21: Operating Instructions
Operating Instructions NOTE For greatest accuracy and stability Sherwood Scientific recommend that a batch of diluent is made up from 1 part Diluent Concentrate and 999 parts deionised or good quality distilled water. Using diluent for setting blank and for dilution of samples and standards means that all solutions presented to the instrument contain the stability promoting ingredients contained in the diluent. - Page 22 Model 360 Flame Photometer Operating Instructions continued Operating Instructions continued Figure 4.4 Typical Calibration Curve Check calibration standards and blank readings. Dilute the unknown solutions with diluent to give a concentration of the element under test within the range of the calibration standards. Several attempts might be necessary to determine the correct dilution ratio.
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Page 23: Shutdown Procedure
Always use suitable standards for calibrating the instrument. Remember that the accuracy of the results obtained from the Model 360 depend on the accuracy and purity of the calibration standard that is used. The nebuliser is a precision assembly, contributing more than any other single item to the effectiveness of your Flame Photometer. -
Page 24: Operational Precautions And Limitations
Do not leave the flame observation cover open during calibration and measurement, as this will allow stray light to enter the chimney. The front panel of the Model 360 is impervious to a wide range of chemicals. However, strong acids and organic solvents may affect the finish. Any spillage should be thoroughly wiped away as soon as possible. -
Page 25: Maintenance
Model 360 Flame Photometer Maintenance General Under the Daily, Weekly, Monthly and Six-Monthly Maintenance headings are summaries of the work and equipment required. The tasks are detailed from Section 6.6 onwards. For maintenance of the air compressor, dilutor and chart recorder, if used, refer to the instructions supplied with the equipment. -
Page 26: Nebuliser
If it is too low, continue with paragraph 6. If it is too high contact your Sherwood Scientific Distributor. Do not attempt to adjust the nebuliser, as the capillary position is fixed during manufacture, and is not adjustable. -
Page 27: Cleaning The Mixing Chamber, Burner And Drain
Model 360 Flame Photometer Maintenance continued Nebuliser continued Fit a new length of nebuliser inlet tubing to the nebuliser. Recheck the aspiration rate, paragraphs 3, 4, and 5. If nebuliser operation is still outside the specification, unscrew the air line connector and remove the nebuliser inlet tubing. -
Page 28: Cleaning The Optical Filters And Glass Chimney
Soft lint free cloth; Cotton buds; Tissues; Cleaning Solution. Check that the flame on LED is off, the fuel is turned off at source, and the Model 360 and compressor are switched off. WARNING Do not proceed until all the parts within the chimney are at a safe handling temperature. -
Page 29: Deproteinising Or Disinfecting Procedure
Model 360 Flame Photometer Maintenance continued Deproteinising or Disinfecting Procedure NOTE To deproteinise the system use Deproteinising Solution, to disinfect the system use Tubing Disinfectant. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED Deproteinising Solution or Tubing Disinfectant. Light the flame as detailed in Section 4.4. -
Page 30: Troubleshooting
Power on LED not illuminated Check that the instrument is connected to a working a.c. supply via the universal psu, and that the power switch is in the ON position. If fault persists contact your Sherwood Scientific Distributor. Flame on LED not illuminated General Ensure that the ‘U’... -
Page 31: Unable To Set Display To Standard Reading
Do not use compressed air from a “communal” source or “Air Line” as this may be contaminated with oil, which will ruin the performance of the Model 360. Use a dedicated Compressor such as the Sherwood Model 851 or Model 855. -
Page 32: Spares And Accessories
Model 360 Flame Photometer Spares and Accessories Ordering Information When ordering spares or accessories for your instrument, please give the following information to your Sherwood Scientific distributor. Instrument Serial No. Catalogue No. of Part (Cat. No.) Description Quantity required This will ensure that your order is dealt with quickly and efficiently. -
Page 33: Standard Solutions
Model 360 Flame Photometer Spares and Accessories continued Standard Solutions NOTE The following solutions are available. Serial Number ITEM QUANTITY 001 56 620 Flame Photometer Standard, 1000ppm Na 6 x 100ml 001 56 621 Flame Photometer Standard, 1000ppm K 6 x 100ml... -
Page 34: Appendix A Bibliography
Model 360 Flame Photometer Appendix A Bibliography Reference Kolthoff, I.M., Z. Anal. Chem. 70 397 1927 Shohl, A.T., and Bennett, H.B. J. Biol. Chem. 78: 643 1928 Hald, P.M., J. Biol. Chem. 167. 499. 1947 Bernstein, R.E., S.Afr. J. Med. Sci. 17. 101, 1952 Alkemade, C.T.J., Smit J. -
Page 35: Appendix B Guidelines On Standards And Samples
Model 360 Flame Photometer Appendix B Guidelines on Standards and Samples When preparing standards the following points may be useful: Standards must always contain the constituents that are present in the samples in the same concentration ratios; i.e. if samples are prepared in 0.1M Acid then the standards should also contain 0.1M of the same acid... - Page 36 Calibration needs to be checked periodically by aspirating the blank and standard solutions. Initially this check should be carried out after every 10 samples. Experience and increased confidence in the 360 will enable you to best judge the frequency of this check since the environment within which the instrument is placed will influence this.
- Page 37 Model 360 Flame Photometer Appendix B continued Sample preparation There are several practical points regarding sample preparation, which should be adhered to in order to achieve the required accuracy in your analysis: Avoid handling samples with fingers. This leads to serious contamination, e.g. if a finger is immersed in 20ml of deionised water the resulting Na concentration will exceed that of a 10ppm standard.
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Page 38: Product Warranty
Warranty Term: 12 Months Sherwood Scientific Ltd (Sherwood) warrants, subject to the conditions itemised within this document, through either Sherwood personnel or personnel of its authorised distributors, to repair or replace free of all charges, including labour, any part of this product which fails within the warranty time specified above, appertaining to this particular product. - Page 39 (including but not limited to the limitations of the liability of Sherwood as set forth above), shall not be binding upon Sherwood unless reduced to writing and approved by an officer of Sherwood Scientific Ltd. Except for the obligations specifically set forth in this warranty statement, in no event shall...
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