otometrics Madsen ZODIAC 901 User Manual
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otometrics Madsen ZODIAC 901 User Manual

Middle-ear analyzer
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901
Middle Ear Analyzer
User Manual
Doc no. 7-25-1800/11
Part no. 7-25-180
0 4 5 9

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Summary of Contents for otometrics Madsen ZODIAC 901

  • Page 1 Middle Ear Analyzer User Manual Doc no. 7-25-1800/11 Part no. 7-25-180 0 4 5 9...
  • Page 2 Printed in Denmark by GN Otometrics A/S, Denmark All information, illustrations, and specifications in this manual are based on the latest product information available at the time of publication. GN Otometrics A/S reserves the right to make changes at any time with- out notice.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION......1 FEATURES OF THE ZODIAC 901 ....1 APPLICATIONS OF THE ZODIAC 901.
  • Page 4 REFLEX TESTING ......39 4.2.1 MANUAL REFLEX ......40 4.2.2 SCREENING .
  • Page 5 MEASURING ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE....75 TENSIONING OF THE EARDRUM ....76 THE PRINCIPLE OF TYMPANOMETRY.

  • Page 7: Introduction

    GN Otometrics INTRODUCTION Chap. 1 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer FEATURES OF THE ZODIAC 901 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 FEATURES OF THE ZODIAC 901 With the ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer, Madsen Electronics have produced a precision impedance measuring instrument which offers the busy audiologist an unprecedented level of automation, timesaving and versatility.
  • Page 8 INTRODUCTION Chap. 1 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer FEATURES OF THE ZODIAC 901 Fig.1.1 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer preserved when the mains power is switched off. The built-in clock and calendar also continue without interruption. · Volatile Memory The ZODIAC 901—Version 2.x—can perform up to 36 different meas-...

  • Page 9: Applications Of The Zodiac 901

    GN Otometrics INTRODUCTION Chap. 1 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer APPLICATIONS OF THE ZODIAC 901 fortably on the headset for clinical testing, or used as a hand-held probe for fast screening purposes. A smaller headband is available for testing children. ·...
  • Page 10 INTRODUCTION Chap. 1 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer APPLICATIONS OF THE ZODIAC 901 Unlike pure tone audiometers, the ZODIAC 901 can be used successfully in environments which are not perfectly quiet, since its measuring cir- cuits are immunized against external interference.

  • Page 11: About This Manual

    If you have any questions or suggestions with regard to the ZODIAC 901 or this manual, please contact us at the following address: GN Otometrics A/S, 9 Hoerskaetten DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark. T: +45 45 75 55 55, F: +45 45 75 55 59 www.otometrics.com...

  • Page 12: Safety

    This requirement applies in the European Union. Do not dispose of these products as unsorted municipal waste. You can return your device and accessories to Otometrics, or to any Otometrics supplier. You can also contact your local authorities for advice on disposal.

  • Page 13: Installing The Zodiac 901

    GN Otometrics INSTALLING THE ZODIAC 901 Chap. 2 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer UNPACKING AND INSPECTION 2. INSTALLING THE ZODIAC 901 2.1 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION The ZODIAC 901 is shipped in its own custom-made carton together Unpacking with this Operation Manual, a Packing Specification and standard acces- sories.

  • Page 14: Installation

    INSTALLING THE ZODIAC 901 Chap. 2 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer INSTALLATION 2.3 INSTALLATION KEEP AWAY Site the instrument in a well-ventilated location away from all liquids and sources of heat. FROM LIQUIDS! Connections Connect the headset, and, if required, the optional external printer and/or a personal computer (PC) to their respective connectors in the Connection Panel located on the rear of the instrument (see Figs.
  • Page 15 GN Otometrics INSTALLING THE ZODIAC 901 Chap. 2 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer INSTALLATION Fig.2.2 ZODIAC 901 Connections. Operation Manual...

  • Page 16: Care And Maintenance

    INSTALLING THE ZODIAC 901 Chap. 2 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer CARE AND MAINTENANCE 2.4 CARE AND MAINTENANCE Cleaning The ZODIAC 901 requires no preventive maintenance. However, it is recommended that the following guidelines be observed. The instrument should be kept clean and as free of dust as possible: ·...

  • Page 17: Fuse Replacement

    GN Otometrics INSTALLING THE ZODIAC 901 Chap. 2 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer FUSE REPLACEMENT · There are no special requirements for disposal of the rubber eartips. Disposal · The probe tip must be frequently checked for cerumen (ear wax)—even Probe Tip a partial blockage will affect the accuracy of your measure- ments.
  • Page 18 INSTALLING THE ZODIAC 901 Chap. 2 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer FUSE REPLACEMENT Fig.2.3 Voltage Selector & Fuses Inside ZODIAC 901. Operation Manual...

  • Page 19: General Description

    GN Otometrics GENERAL DESCRIPTION Chap. 3 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer GENERAL 3. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 3.1 GENERAL Unlike most other impedance audiometers, ZODIAC 901 has no switches for selecting fundamental parameters nor potentiometers for calibration of inputs, probe, liquid crystal display (LCD), etc. Instead,...
  • Page 20 GENERAL DESCRIPTION Chap. 3 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer FRONT PANEL LAYOUT & CONTROLS Fig.3.1 There are five indicator lamps showing Stimulus, Extended Range, Power, Status, and Leak. In Advanced Mode, ZODIAC 901 has six principal menus which can be accessed by pressing the following pushbuttons: Main Menu, Tymp.,...

  • Page 21: Manual Mode

    GN Otometrics GENERAL DESCRIPTION Chap. 3 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer FRONT PANEL LAYOUT & CONTROLS The front panel has been laid out for optimal ergonomic efficiency, with the different functions separated by boxes according to function. The front panel control functions and indications are classified and de- scribed in detail in the following sub-sections.

  • Page 22: Select

    GENERAL DESCRIPTION Chap. 3 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer FRONT PANEL LAYOUT & CONTROLS Escape Escape is used to terminate a pre-programmed test. See §7.1. This pushkey has two functions (as indicated on the front panel): when Continue running a pre-programmed auto test containing one or more pauses, pressing Continue is used to resume the running of the program after it has paused (see §6.2 and §7.1).

  • Page 23: Other Front Panel Controls

    GN Otometrics GENERAL DESCRIPTION Chap. 3 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer FRONT PANEL LAYOUT & CONTROLS 3.2.5 OTHER FRONT PANEL CONTROLS The Rotary Knob is used: to select the characters for operator and pa- Rotary Knob tient identification (§3.4.2); to adjust pump pressure (§4.1.1, §4.1.49.1.4, §4.2.1, §4.2.3, §4.3.1, §4.3.2);...

  • Page 24: Indicator Lamps

    GENERAL DESCRIPTION Chap. 3 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer FRONT PANEL LAYOUT & CONTROLS 3.2.6 INDICATOR LAMPS Stimulus The Stimulus lamp lights green while a stimulus is being presented. Ext. Range The Ext. Range lamp lights red when the extended pump-pressure range of –600 daPa to +400 daPa or the extended sound pressure range...

  • Page 25: Start-Up

    GN Otometrics GENERAL DESCRIPTION Chap. 3 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer START-UP The Modes are: Main Menu, Identification, Daily Calibration, Tymp., Re- flex, Threshold, User Test Menu, Program Mode, Real Time Clock Setup. The Activities are: Manual, Sweep, Eustachian Tube Function (ETF-I, ETF-P), Screening, Decay, Reflex, Fast Screening (FastSCR), Air Conduc- tion (AirCond).

  • Page 26: Main Menu

    GENERAL DESCRIPTION Chap. 3 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer MAIN MENU Main Menu 6. When this process has been completed, the Main Menu is loaded and you are ready to enter your I.D. together with the I.D. of your first patient of the day (see §3.4).

  • Page 27: New Patient

    GN Otometrics GENERAL DESCRIPTION Chap. 3 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer MAIN MENU · Data from last patient tested may be erased by pressing Softkey 1 to se- Softkey 1 lect New Patient. · Selecting “I.D.” by pressing Softkey 2 enables both operator and pa- Softkey 2 tient identification to be entered.

  • Page 28: Identification

    GENERAL DESCRIPTION Chap. 3 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer MAIN MENU 3.4.2 IDENTIFICATION Patient I.D. Entry Entry of patient and operator identification data is enabled from the Main Menu (Press the Main Menu key). WARNING! NOTE! Changing Patient I.D.

  • Page 29: Daily Calibration

    GN Otometrics GENERAL DESCRIPTION Chap. 3 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer MAIN MENU 3.4.3 DAILY CALIBRATION Your ZODIAC 901 is delivered to you fully calibrated, and should be re- Annual calibrated annually by suitably qualified personnel, using the appropri- Recalibration ate equipment. Your instrument may have been configured by means of ZODICON™...

  • Page 30: Default Configuration

    GENERAL DESCRIPTION Chap. 3 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer MAIN MENU bration. After a few seconds, an X appears under the cavity volume in the box on the left of the display, indicating that the procedure has been completed. If the Status lamps flash green slowly, check that the Probe is not blocked with cerumen (wax), or has not been inserted into the Ear Simulator by mistake.

  • Page 31: Headset And Probe

    GN Otometrics GENERAL DESCRIPTION Chap. 3 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer HEADSET AND PROBE In Easy Mode, these sub-menus are omitted and instead the following test Easy Mode modes are entered ready for immediate testing (unless the selection has been previously modified using the ZODICON™ software): Tymp.:...

  • Page 32: Eartips

    GENERAL DESCRIPTION Chap. 3 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer HEADSET AND PROBE Calibration Data In It should be stressed that the calibration data for the probe are located in Probe the transducer itself and are loaded from the probe into the instrument’s memory immediately after power-on (“Loading from headset...”).
  • Page 33 GN Otometrics GENERAL DESCRIPTION Chap. 3 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer HEADSET AND PROBE · The transducer may be held in the hand and used to guide the probe into the patient’s ear canal. This is most practical for fast screening of patients, as the transducer must be supported all the time.
  • Page 34 GENERAL DESCRIPTION Chap. 3 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer HEADSET AND PROBE measurement). If unexpected noises occur during a measurement, repeat the measurement when the interruption has ceased. Before making a tymp. measurement, tell the patient reassuringly to ex- pect a change of pressure in the ear, and tell him about the probe tone.

  • Page 35: Manual Mode

    GN Otometrics MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer 4. MANUAL MODE ZODIAC 901 features three dedicated pushbuttons, Tymp., Reflex and Threshold, enabling the user to access any of the corresponding three test modes from any other function or part of the instrument.

  • Page 36: Tympanometry

    MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer TYMPANOMETRY 4.1 TYMPANOMETRY Tympanometry is the measurement of the variation of the compliance (or immittance) of the eardrum and the ossicular chain by means of con- trolled changes in static pressure. A graphic plot of these parameters is called a tympanogram.

  • Page 37: Manual

    GN Otometrics MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer TYMPANOMETRY 4.1.1 MANUAL This test permits the user to operate the instrument manually. Both Manual Compliance and Volume tympanograms may be generated. Pressure may be altered and volume adjusted to zero at any point in the test.
  • Page 38 MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer TYMPANOMETRY Softkey 1 Users who find it more informative to perform tympanometry using analog meters instead of the graphic display of a tympanogram can press Softkey 1, and a screen similar to the one shown in Fig.4.4 below will appear.

  • Page 39: Auto Sweep

    GN Otometrics MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer TYMPANOMETRY Setup parameters available in Manual Tymp. Mode are: Setup Parameters Measuring Direction: positive/negative, pos., or neg. Y-axis Scaling (Compliance): Auto, 0.3 ml, 0.6 ml, 0.9 ml, 1.5 ml, 3.0 ml, 4.5 ml.
  • Page 40 MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer TYMPANOMETRY Fig.4.5 Tymp. Sweep before measurement hand side of the display (see Fig.4.6). If MEP can be calculated, the pump pressure will now be set at that pressure. Fig.4.6 Tymp. Sweep after measurement Definitions of ECV, ECV is recorded at the start of the sweep, i.e.
  • Page 41 GN Otometrics MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer TYMPANOMETRY In such cases it is better to use Measurement Setup to increase the Min. Pressure and/or reduce the Max. Pressure. Alternatively, change the air pressure manually (§4.1.1). When starting to test the patient’s other ear, remember to register the...

  • Page 42: Etf-I, Intact Eardrum

    MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer TYMPANOMETRY AFAP When AFAP is selected, the maximum rate of change of pressure varies from 400 daPa/S before and after the peak to 200 daPa/S during the peak. The sweep speed is reduced automatically when the measured pa-...

  • Page 43: Etf-P, Perforated Eardrum

    GN Otometrics MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer TYMPANOMETRY Fig.4.10 Intact Eardrum, Example of Normal Eustachian Tube Function A closed Eustachian Tube will exhibit the same, positive MEP in both sweeps. A patulous (spread) Eustachian Tube will exhibit an MEP close to zero for both sweeps, and probably a pair of broad, irregular tym- panograms as well.
  • Page 44 MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer TYMPANOMETRY Softkey 5 ETF-P is included on the Tymp. intermediate menu. Press Tymp. to ob- tain this menu, and then press Softkey 5 to access the ETF-P display (Fig.4.11). If the default settings have been altered using the ZODICON...

  • Page 45: Reflex Testing

    GN Otometrics MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer REFLEX TESTING artificially-created pressure differential, and this will be indicated by the absence of a “staircase”. Fig.4.13 Eustachian Tube Function, Perforated Eardrum Steady pressure, on the other hand, indicates a blockage in the Eusta-...

  • Page 46: Manual Reflex

    MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer REFLEX TESTING the Leak lamp lights yellow: the measurement is then automatically re- peated. If a small leak is detected, the Leak lamp lights yellow and the measurement continues. However, if a leak greater than 20 daPa is de- Leak Detect On/Off tected, the measurement will be repeated.
  • Page 47 GN Otometrics MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer REFLEX TESTING In Version 4.x, a new feature has been added as default called “Multi Multi Curves Curves”; this function can be (de)selected by pressing Setup, More and then Softkey 1. In addition, the default duration (x-axis) has been ex- tended to 24 seconds.

  • Page 48: Screening

    MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer REFLEX TESTING The second line of the display shows the type and level of stimulus used in the test recorded in the curve. L/R Shift When starting to test the patient’s other ear, remember to register the change-over on the ZODIAC 901, otherwise the data for the first ear will be overwritten.

  • Page 49: Decay

    GN Otometrics MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer REFLEX TESTING After the measurements, the screen will look like the one shown in Fig.4.16. Fig.4.16 Reflex Screening The Softkeys and the Ext. Range button function just as described above Softkey 2 in §4.2.1, with the exception of Softkey 2, which is used for starting and...
  • Page 50 MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer REFLEX TESTING Curve For Each In Version 3.x and later, this test has been expanded so that the curve for Frequency each frequency measured (Ipsi and Contra, for both ears) may be stored and subsequently printed out.

  • Page 51: User 1 / User 2

    GN Otometrics MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer REFLEX TESTING be overwritten. To change to the other ear, press Alt. Select and then Softkey 4. Setup parameters available in Reflex Decay Mode (see also §5.2.2): Setup Parameters Stimulus increment: 1, 2, 5 or 10 dB...

  • Page 52: Threshold Testing

    MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer THRESHOLD TESTING T1: time elapsed from measuring start for Marker 1. T2: time elapsed from measuring start for Marker 2. Fig.4.1 R1: size of reflex in microliters for Marker 1.

  • Page 53: Threshold Reflex

    GN Otometrics MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer THRESHOLD TESTING measurements, x-axis, pre-stimulation delay, stimulation duration, and post-stimulation delay. Fig.4.19 Threshold sub-menu displayed when Threshold is selected in Advanced Mode The Threshold Detect Delta Volume and Threshold Detection Time (du-...
  • Page 54 MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer THRESHOLD TESTING Tone Switch Alternatively, press the Tone Switch to start the test and only one curve will be made. If required, change frequency or intensity and press the Tone Switch again; another curve will be made.

  • Page 55: Fast Screening

    GN Otometrics MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer THRESHOLD TESTING *In Version 3.x and later, this function is called Press.C. (Pressure Con- trol) and is extended to: Manual, Auto, MEP +0, +5, +10, +15, +20, +25, –25, –20, –15, –10, –5 daPa.
  • Page 56 MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer THRESHOLD TESTING Tone Switch Alternatively, press the Tone Switch to start the test and only one reflex measurement will be made. If required, change frequency or intensity and press the Tone Switch again; another reflex measurement will be made.

  • Page 57: Air Conduction

    GN Otometrics MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer THRESHOLD TESTING 4.3.3 AIR CONDUCTION This test mode enables the operator to use TDH 39 contra headphones Air Conduction for determining air conduction thresholds. It also allows a bone- Thresholds conductor to be used for performing Gellé’s test, to investigate the mo-...
  • Page 58 MANUAL MODE Chap. 4 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer THRESHOLD TESTING Setup Parameters Setup parameters available in the Air Conduction Threshold Mode (see also §5.2.3.3) are: Intensity Level increment: 1, 2, 5 or 10 dB Pump: on or off...

  • Page 59: Supplementary Functions

    GN Otometrics SUPPLEMENTARY FUNCTIONS Chap. 5 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer ALT. SELECT 5. SUPPLEMENTARY FUNCTIONS 5.1 ALT. SELECT As described previously (§3.2.4), the Alt. Select pushbutton offers an ad- Additional Sub-Menu ditional sub-menu, which appears on the display in place of the sub- menu of whichever test mode is operational at the time.

  • Page 60: Left/Right Shift

    SUPPLEMENTARY FUNCTIONS Chap. 5 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer ALT. SELECT installed with suitable software. For this purpose, Madsen Electronics supplies the MateBaseI™ dedicated software for the transfer and storage of audiological test results and patient data (supplied as standard with Zodi-Link for NOAH the ZODIAC 901 and MIDIMATE 622).
  • Page 61 GN Otometrics SUPPLEMENTARY FUNCTIONS Chap. 5 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer ALT. SELECT From Version 4.x of the ZODIAC 901 (including the Limited Version), a Version 4.x Only! Middle-Ear Pressure (MEP) marker has been implemented in Tymp Auto Sweep and ETF-I testing. Softkeys 4 and 5 no longer are used for Tympanometry and moving the pump, but for moving the marker instead.

  • Page 62: Setup

    SUPPLEMENTARY FUNCTIONS Chap. 5 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer SETUP T1: time elapsed from measuring start for Marker 1. T2: time elapsed from measuring start for Marker 2. R1: size of reflex in microliters for Marker 1. R2: size of reflex in microliters for Marker 2.

  • Page 63: Tympanometry (Incl. Etf-I)

    GN Otometrics SUPPLEMENTARY FUNCTIONS Chap. 5 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer SETUP Fig.5.2 Tymp. Sweep Setup Test parameters that may be altered vary according to which test mode To Exit Setup is currently selected: e.g., there is no provision for changing pump speed in reflex measurements, nor for adjusting the y-axis in tympanome- try—only relevant parameters may be changed.

  • Page 64: Reflex Testing

    SUPPLEMENTARY FUNCTIONS Chap. 5 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer SETUP This last function is not applicable for Manual Tymp. and may be over-ridden by Ext. Range. Measurement Measurement You may select between negative or positive (and Direction Direction: positive/negative in Manual Tymp.).

  • Page 65: Threshold

    GN Otometrics SUPPLEMENTARY FUNCTIONS Chap. 5 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer SETUP in the former will be automatically used by Reflex Decay. Multi Curves: In Manual Reflex, select multiple curves or single Version 4.x Only curve. 5.2.3 THRESHOLD 5.2.3.1 REFLEX Stimulus...

  • Page 66: Fast Screening

    SUPPLEMENTARY FUNCTIONS Chap. 5 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer PRINTER 5.2.3.2 FAST SCREENING Stimulus Increments Stimulus The following settings are available: 1, 2, 5, 10 dB. Increments: Threshold Step Threshold Step: The following settings are available: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, –1, –2, –5, –10, –20 dB...

  • Page 67: Paper Loading

    GN Otometrics SUPPLEMENTARY FUNCTIONS Chap. 5 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer PRINTER via ZODIAC 901, on an external printer. Please refer to the MIDIMATE 622 Operation Manual for full details. Pressing Softkey 4 from the Printer Sub-Menu selects whether printer out- Softkey 4 put from ZODIAC goes to an external or to the internal printer.

  • Page 68: Printout

    SUPPLEMENTARY FUNCTIONS Chap. 5 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer PRINTER 5.3.2 PRINTOUT Four different kinds of printout may be made: screen dump, print data on screen only, print all data, or print all new data. “All data” means all data available for both ears, and for all tests made for that patient.

  • Page 69: Auto Mode

    GN Otometrics AUTO MODE Chap. 6 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer MADSEN ELECTRONICS PRESET TEST MENU 6. AUTO MODE The ZODIAC 901 not only has the capability for manual and automatic Programmable User middle-ear testing but also has the unique capacity to run a sequence of Tests tests, set up for the operator’s own convenience and according to...

  • Page 70: User-Programmable Tests

    AUTO MODE Chap. 6 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer USER-PROGRAMMABLE TESTS Softkey 2 “T&R” performs a Tymp. Sweep and then Reflex Threshold, Ipsi, with 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz stimuli in turn, followed by printout (Print All).

  • Page 71: Power-On Options

    GN Otometrics POWER-ON OPTIONS Chap. 7 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer USER TEST PROGRAMMING 7. POWER-ON OPTIONS Two of the function keys, Auto Test and Setup, may be used to initiate extra facilities. This is achieved by holding down the chosen function key while powering the instrument on.
  • Page 72 POWER-ON OPTIONS Chap. 7 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer USER TEST PROGRAMMING Softkey 5 Press Softkey 5 to start programming to enter the Program Menu, Fig.7.2. The top line of this menu indicates how many steps are avail- able.
  • Page 73 GN Otometrics POWER-ON OPTIONS Chap. 7 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer USER TEST PROGRAMMING Fig.7.5 Program Mode: Entering name of test Erase the previous name by means of Softkey 1, and enter the new pro- Softkey 1 gram name in the same way as for operator and patient I.D. (described in §3.4.2).
  • Page 74 POWER-ON OPTIONS Chap. 7 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer USER TEST PROGRAMMING An example of a simple program sequence is given below (in Advanced Mode). This sequence performs an automatic tymp. sweep on each ear in turn, with A.F.A.P. pump speed and auto scaling, prints the two tym- panograms out, and advances the patient counter.

  • Page 75: System Setup

    GN Otometrics POWER-ON OPTIONS Chap. 7 ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer SYSTEM SETUP 7.2 SYSTEM SETUP Changes made to parameters using System Setup will be preserved in Setup the non-volatile memory of the ZODIAC 901 when the power is switched off, and will remain in effect unless altered again subsequently using the System Setup facility.
  • Page 76 POWER-ON OPTIONS Chap. 7 GN Otometrics ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer SYSTEM SETUP Softkey 5 Press Softkey 5 to access the screen shown in Fig.7.7. Fig.7.7 Real-Time Clock Setup menu · Softkey 1 Press Softkey 1 to select 12 or 24 hour time format.

  • Page 77: Principles Of Middle-Ear Analysis

    GN Otometrics Chap. 8 PRINCIPLES OF MIDDLE-EAR ANALYSIS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE 8. PRINCIPLES OF MIDDLE-EAR ANALYSIS The ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer is designed for screening and clinical diagnosis of audiological patients using objective measurement methods. The ZODIAC 901 measures the mechanical impedance of the ear, a pro- cess known as tympanometry.

  • Page 78: Mismatching Of Mechanical Impedances

    Chap. 8 GN Otometrics PRINCIPLES OF MIDDLE-EAR ANALYSIS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer MISMATCHING OF MECHANICAL IMPEDANCES The reciprocal of Z is the mechanical, or acoustical, admittance. The term “acoustic immitance” is used collectively to refer to either of these pa- rameters.

  • Page 79: The Structure Of The Ear

    GN Otometrics Chap. 8 PRINCIPLES OF MIDDLE-EAR ANALYSIS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer THE STRUCTURE OF THE EAR Hysteresis is a common feature of practical compliant materials. It is Hysteresis characterized by a difference in the deflection resulting from the applica- tion of a given pressure, depending upon whether the pressure is in- creasing or decreasing.

  • Page 80: The Effect Of Loud Sounds

    Chap. 8 GN Otometrics PRINCIPLES OF MIDDLE-EAR ANALYSIS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer THE EFFECT OF LOUD SOUNDS Fig.8.1 Section through the ear Middle Ear The middle ear is an air-filled cavity (the tympanic cavity) connected to the throat, and thence to the atmosphere, by a fine channel, the Eusta- chian Tube, which serves to prevent the build-up of a pressure differen- tial across the ear-drum.

  • Page 81: Measuring Acoustic Impedance

    GN Otometrics Chap. 8 PRINCIPLES OF MIDDLE-EAR ANALYSIS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer MEASURING ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE of this impedance is the impedance presented by the oval window, as transformed by the hammer, anvil and stirrup. It is because of this that impedance measurements taken at the entrance to the outer ear can sup- ply detailed information on conditions in the middle and inner ear.

  • Page 82: Tensioning Of The Eardrum

    Chap. 8 GN Otometrics PRINCIPLES OF MIDDLE-EAR ANALYSIS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer TENSIONING OF THE EARDRUM Frequency for It is important to perform this measurement at a frequency which is not tympanometry too high, with the undesirable result that the changing pressure in the cavity would cease to be the same everywhere in the cavity.

  • Page 83: The Principle Of Tympanometry

    GN Otometrics Chap. 8 PRINCIPLES OF MIDDLE-EAR ANALYSIS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer THE PRINCIPLE OF TYMPANOMETRY The static pressure or depression typically required to tension the ear- drum sufficiently to reflect half of the sound power impinging on it is 300 Pa, i.e., 0.3% of atmospheric pressure.

  • Page 84: Practical Considerations

    Chap. 8 GN Otometrics PRINCIPLES OF MIDDLE-EAR ANALYSIS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer 8.10 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS Cartesian Tympanometry is the measurement of the change in the ear canal vol- tympanometry ume resulting from the tensioning of the eardrum by the application of varying pressure in the ear canal.

  • Page 85: Tympanogram Characteristics

    GN Otometrics Chap. 8 PRINCIPLES OF MIDDLE-EAR ANALYSIS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer 8.11 TYMPANOGRAM CHARACTERISTICS 8.11 TYMPANOGRAM CHARACTERISTICS A tympanogram has a number of characteristics which are often used for comparison and diagnosis by audiologists, and can be computed automatically by the ZODIAC 901.
  • Page 86 Chap. 8 GN Otometrics PRINCIPLES OF MIDDLE-EAR ANALYSIS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer 8.11 TYMPANOGRAM CHARACTERISTICS Tympanogram Width The Tympanogram Width (TW) is the pressure difference between the two points on the curve at which the compliance is half the Static Com- pliance.

  • Page 87: Diagnosis Of Auditory Disorders

    GN Otometrics Chap. 9 DIAGNOSIS OF AUDITORY DISORDERS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer DISORDERS AND THEIR SYMPTOMS 9. DIAGNOSIS OF AUDITORY DISORDERS 9.1 DISORDERS AND THEIR SYMPTOMS 9.1.1 MIDDLE-EAR FLUID AND EFFUSION Serous otitis is a disease which can lead to a build-up of fluid and a re- duced pressure in the middle ear.

  • Page 88: Flabby Tympanic Membrane

    Chap. 9 GN Otometrics DIAGNOSIS OF AUDITORY DISORDERS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer DISORDERS AND THEIR SYMPTOMS available in Tymp. Advanced Mode (not Version 2.x of the ZODIAC 901). 9.1.6 FLABBY TYMPANIC MEMBRANE A flabby (flaccid) tympanic membrane may be due to aging, healed per- forations, or surgery.

  • Page 89: Aappendix: Technical Specifications

    GN Otometrics APPENDIX: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer A. APPENDIX: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Standards Audiometric Headset: ISO 389, ANSI S3.6 Impedance: IEC 1027, ANSI S3.39 Patient Safety: EN 60601-1, class I, type B Compliance Measuring System Probe Tone: 226 Hz at 85 dB SPL Total Range: 0.1 ml to 8.0 ml...
  • Page 90 GN Otometrics APPENDIX: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer Ipsilateral Pure tones: 0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz Frequency Accuracy ± 0.5% Stimulation: Step size: 1, 2, 5, 10 dB Range at 0.5, 1, 2 kHz: 50-115 dB HL Range at 4 kHz: 50-90 dB HL Audiometric Mode ±...

  • Page 91: Appendix: Zodicon™ Parameters

    GN Otometrics APPENDIX: ZODICON™ PARAMETERS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer B. APPENDIX: ZODICON™ PARAMETERS The ZODICON™ software, running on a PC, allows each of the ZO- DIAC 901 parameters below to be set to any of the corresponding set- tings listed. Each of the following lists of settings begins with the factory default setting.
  • Page 92 GN Otometrics APPENDIX: ZODICON™ PARAMETERS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer Print-All Sequence External Printout Specification: Page Size: 11, 12 inch Left Margin: 5 ... 40 spaces, Off, 1 ... 4 spaces Double Size Printout: No, Yes Tymp Default Setup: Compliance Scaling: 3.0, 4.5 mL, Auto, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.5 mL...
  • Page 93 GN Otometrics APPENDIX: ZODICON™ PARAMETERS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer Reflex Decay: Timing: X-Axis: 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 Sec PreTime: 1.0, 1.1, ... 2.0, 0.1, 0.2, ... 0.9 Sec StimTime: 10.0, 10.1, ... 11.7, 11.8, 0.0, 0.1, ... 9.8, 9.9 Sec PostTime: 1.0, 1.1, ...
  • Page 94 GN Otometrics APPENDIX: ZODICON™ PARAMETERS ZODIAC 901 Middle-Ear Analyzer This page has been intentionally left blank! Operation Manual...
  • Page 95 SUBJECT INDEX CE-Mark ....5 Cerumen AC cable ....19 See Impacted cerumen Acoustic impedance Cleaning of ZODIAC 901 .
  • Page 96 Earphone Immunization against interference ..4 See TDH 39 Earphone Impacted cerumen ... . 82 Eartip26 Impedance ... . 1, 3–4, 71 Eartip 18, 27 Matching .
  • Page 97 Manual Acoustic Reflex Packing Specification ... . 7 See Reflex Paper Feed ....61 Manual conventions Paper Loading .
  • Page 98 parameters . . . 33, 35, 42–43, 45, 48, 50, 52 restoring default ..15, 21, 24 Real Time Clock ... . . 19 stimulus SPL increments .
  • Page 99 Manual Mode ... 13, 24 Programmable ... . . 63 menu ....14 User-Programmable Tests .
  • Page 100 Operation Manual...

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