Page 1 ™ SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide Sun Microsystems Computer Company A Sun Microsystems, Inc. Business 2550 Garcia Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 USA 415 960-1300 fax 415 969-9131 Part No.: 805-0809-10 Revision A, May 1997...
Page 2 Sun. Sun, Sun Microsystems, le logo Sun, Solaris, SunOS, SunFDDI/P, et SunNet Manager sont des marques déposées ou enregistrées de Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Page 3: Regulatory Compliance Statements
FCC radio frequency emission limits. Networking connections can be made using unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cables. Modifications: Any modifications made to this device that are not approved by Sun Microsystems, Inc. may void the authority granted to the user by the FCC to operate this equipment.
Page 4: Doc Class A Notice - Avis Doc, Classe A
DOC Class A Notice - Avis DOC, Classe A This Class A digital apparatus meets all of requirements the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations. Cet appareil numérique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada. DOC Class B Notice - Avis DOC, Classe B This Class B digital apparatus meets all of requirements the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.
Page 5: Declaration Of Conformity
Declaration of Conformity Class B IEC801-2 (1991) 4 kV (Direct), 8 kV (Air) IEC801-3 (1984) 3 V/m IEC801-4 (1988) 1.0 kV Power Lines, 0.5 kV Signal Lines Pass (Class D) ______/ S /_________________ DATE Stephen McGoldrick Quality Assurance Manager Sun Microsystems Limited Springﬁeld, Linlithgow...
Page 6 Declaration of Conformity Class B IEC801-2 (1991) 4 kV (Direct), 8 kV (Air) IEC801-3 (1984) 3 V/m IEC801-4 (1988) 1.0 kV Power Lines, 0.5 kV Signal Lines Pass (Class D) ______/ S /_________________ DATE Stephen McGoldrick Quality Assurance Manager Sun Microsystems Limited Springﬁeld, Linlithgow...
Page 7: Table Of Contents
Contents Preface........... . Part 1 —Installing and Configuring SunFDDI/P 1.
Page 8 To Tune the High Water Mark ..... To Tune the Low Water Mark..... . SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 9 Tuning the High and Low Water Marks at Boot Time..Tuning the Socket Options ......MTU Path Discovery .
Page 10 Advantages........SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 11 Disadvantages ........Tree of Concentrators........Advantages.
Page 12 To Boot a Diskless Client ......A. Frequently Asked Questions About SunFDDI ... . SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 13 Glossary ..........Index .
Page 14 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 15 Figures Figure 2-1 Aligning SC-Type Fiber Optic Cable Connectors ... Figure 2-2 Cleaning the End of a Fiber Optic Cable ....Figure 6-1 FDDI Architectural Model .
Page 16 DLPI Request/Response Negotiation ....Figure 10-3 SunFDDI/P DLSAP Format......SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 17 Tables Table 5-1 Problems Installing SunFDDI/P ......Table 5-2 Problems Running SunFDDI/P......Table 5-3 Problems Using the SNM Agents for SunFDDI/P .
Page 18 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 19: How This Book Is Organized
How this Book is Organized Preface The SunFDDI/P™ 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide describes how to turn your system into an FDDI station attached to an FDDI network. It is intended for experienced network administrators who are familiar with the Solaris 2.5.1 Hardware: 4/97 operating environment.
Page 20: Part 1 -Installing And Configuring Sunfddi/P
If you are connecting the SunFDDI/P card to a network that has a MIC connector, an SC-MIC converter cable is required. Chapter 1, “SunFDDI/P Overview,” describes the SunFDDI/P 1.0 implementation of the FDDI protocols and includes a list of the specifications to which it conforms.
Page 21: Unix Commands
UNIX Commands Chapter 9, “Managing FDDI Stations Using SunNet Manager,” describes how to install the SunNet Manager agents for SunFDDI/P and how to set up the SunNet Manager console to manage them. Chapter 10, “Developing Applications that Run over SunFDDI/P,” describes how to create applications that run over SunFDDI/P, using the DLPI interface for a Solaris 2.x environment.
Page 22: Typographic Conventions
C shell superuser machine_name# Bourne shell and Korn shell Bourne shell and Korn shell superuser SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Example Edit your .login file. Use ls -a to list all files. machine_name% You have mail. machine_name% su Password: To delete a file, type rm filename.
Page 23: Related Documents
Prentice Hall, Inc.: 1994 Sun Microsystems SunDocs is a distribution program for Sun Microsystems technical documentation. Easy, convenient ordering and quick delivery is available from SunExpress™. You can find a full listing of available documentation on the World Wide Web: http://www.sun.com/sunexpress/...
Page 24: Getting Help
If a card is not available, you can email or fax your comments to us. Please include the part number of your document in the subject line of your email or fax message. • Email: smcc-docs@sun.com • Fax: SMCC Document Feedback 1-415-786-6443 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 On-line support...
Page 25 Part 1 — Installing and Conﬁguring SunFDDI/P...
Page 27: Sunfddi/P Overview
See Chapter 6, “FDDI Network Architecture” for more information on FDDI architecture. The SunFDDI/P 1.0 product is a combination of hardware and software that turns your system into an FDDI station. There are two hardware options: •...
Page 28: Fddi Conformance
• • • • • SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Provides connection to multimode fiber (SunFDDI/P and SunFDDI/P Dual) networks Supports data transfer rates of up to 100 Mbps Provides power-up self test and system diagnostic tests Provides high reliability and availability through distributed, automatic...
Page 29: Hardware Installation
Hardware Installation Device Instances and Device Names Installing SunFDDI/P Adapter Cards Connecting Fiber Optic Cables Link Status Indicator (Diagnostic LED) This chapter tells you where to find step-by-step procedures for installing PCI cards. It describes the convention used to assign device names to SunFDDI/P adapter cards, and tells you how to connect fiber optic cables.
Page 30: Device Instances And Device Names
SunFDDI/P supports up to four SunFDDI/P PCI cards installed in one PCI, and up to eight SunFDDI/P PCI cards installed in one machine. SunFDDI/P 1.0 PCI cards are assigned device names of the form pf<inst>, where the instance number <inst> is determined by the number and relative positions of the cards installed.
Page 31: Installing Sunfddi/P Adapter Cards
Installing SunFDDI/P Adapter Cards Caution – The SunFDDI/P PCI card is sensitive to static electricity. Always use the wrist strap supplied with SunFDDI/P when handling the card and ensure that the wrist strap is properly grounded. Handle the SunFDDI/P PCI card by the edges, and avoid touching any of the components.
Page 32: To Connect The Fiber Optic Cable
Figure 2-1 3. Plug the cable into the card connector. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Fiber optic cable has a limited turn radius. Do not bend it in a way that could damage the fiber or cause signal loss.
Page 33: Mic-To-Mic Coupler
MIC-to-MIC Coupler A separate MIC (Media Interface Connector) coupler is shipped with the SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter product to support MIC-to-MIC network connections. Two different versions of the coupler are available: • • Note – Make sure you properly connect the coupler. An improper connection will “twist”...
Page 34: To Clean The Fiber Optic Cable
2. Blow clean, dry compressed air around the end of the connector and 3. Clean the adapter by running a pipe cleaner moistened in alcohol running 4. Dry the adapter with clean, dry compressed air. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 swab. Cleaning the End of a Fiber Optic Cable around the ferrule to dislodge loose dust and grit.
Page 35: Link Status Indicator (Diagnostic Led)
Link Status Indicator (Diagnostic LED) A link status indicator is mounted on the SunFDDI/P PCI card. The color of the LED indicates the current status of the connection to the FDDI network as follows: • • • • • Refer to Chapter 5, “Troubleshooting and Diagnostics,” for more information on diagnosing problems with your FDDI network.
Page 36 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 37: Installing Sunfddi/P Software
Installing SunFDDI/P Software Installation Requirements Declaring IP Addresses for SunFDDI/P Installing and Configuring SunFDDI/P Installing SunNet Manager Agents for SunFDDI/P Removing SunFDDI/P This chapter assumes that you have already installed the SunFDDI/P adapter card in your machine and that you are loading the software from a local CD-ROM drive.
Page 38: Installation Requirements
The installation script updates the /etc/hosts file on the local machine and enters the IP addresses and host names assigned to the SunFDDI/P interfaces in which it is installed. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Hardware and Software Platforms SunFDDI/P is designed for Sun-4u PCI-based system architectures (32 Mbytes RAM minimum) running a Solaris 2.5.1 Hardware: 4/97...
Page 39: Installing And Configuring Sunfddi/P
Installing and Conﬁguring SunFDDI/P Use pkgadd(1M) to install unbundled software. See the Solaris 2.5 Software and AnswerBook Packages Administration Guide for detailed information on installing software products using pkgadd. For detailed instructions on how to load software from a CD-ROM drive mounted on a remote directory, see the Solaris 2.5 Software and AnswerBook Packages Administration Guide.
Page 40 1. Indicate whether you are installing the driver for a diskless client. • • SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 press Return. Respond to any prompts that are displayed. Two packages are associated with SunFDDI/P. They contain the device drivers and utilities used to manage your SunFDDI/P station.
Page 41 Is this install for a diskless client [n] [y,n,?] (See Chapter 11, “Setting Up Servers and Diskless Clients” for more information on booting diskless clients across an FDDI network.) The number of SunFDDI/P interfaces found is displayed and you are asked how many interfaces you want to configure.
Page 42 An installation script is executed automatically when you install the SunFDDI/P utilities and man pages (SUNWpft): SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Type n, or press Return, if you are not using SunNet Manager to manage your network; if you are running SunNet Manager agents on another machine;...
Page 43: To Finish The Installation
2. Eject the CD-ROM from the CD-ROM drive. • If Volume Manager (vold) is running on your machine, the CD-ROM is unmounted automatically when it is ejected: # eject cdrom Installing SunFDDI/P Software SunFDDI/P (Driver) (sparc) 1.0 SunFDDI/P (Man Pages/Utilities) (sparc) 1.0...
Page 44: To Check The Installation
2. Use ifconfig(1M) to check the current state of the SunFDDI/P 3. Use ping(1M) to verify that you can send and receive data across the SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 If Volume Manager (vold) is not running on your machine, unmount the...
Page 45: Unloading Drivers
Chapter 5, “Troubleshooting and Diagnostics,” for help. Unloading Drivers The driver for the SunFDDI/P 1.0 adapter can be unloaded while the system is running by using the modunload(1M) command. If the SunNet Manager daemons are running on your system, you must kill that process before you unload the SunFDDI/P driver.
Page 46: Installing Sunnet Manager Agents For Sunfddi/P
Host name of Console -------> Host name of Console -------> Press Return to terminate ---> SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 # /opt/SUNWconn/bin/pf_install_agents SMT Request Frame (SRF) trap reports from the local station. You can send SRF trap reports to more than one console. Each console must...
Page 47 4. Specify the destination directory for the SunFDDI/P schemas. SunNet Manager looks for the schemas in the directory <basedir>/SUNWconn/snm/agents. The variable <basedir> is set to /opt by default. If you installed the SunNet Manager agents and libraries on the FDDI station, or if you used getagents to recover the agents from the console, then this directory exists.
Page 48: Removing Sunfddi/P
3. Modify the /etc/hosts file to remove the IP addresses and host names 4. Reboot the machine to ensure correct system operation. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 The post-remove script removes the modifications made to the system files and updates the package information on your machine.
Page 49: Improving Network Performance
Improving Network Performance High Performance FDDI Networks Ring Latency Improvement Data Throughput Improvement Performance Across Bridges Target Token Rotation Time (TTRT) Improving Performance This chapter tells you how to optimize your FDDI network and assumes that you are familiar with FDDI network architecture and related terminology. See Chapter 6, “FDDI Network Architecture”...
Page 50: High Performance Fddi Networks
FDDI stations. However, these modifications are rarely practical in an established network. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Throughput is a measure of the ring use. Network efficiency is defined as the ratio of actual throughput to theoretical maximum bandwidth (100 Mbps).
Page 51: Data Throughput Improvement
Data Throughput Improvement The most significant improvements in throughput are achieved by maximizing the rate at which data is transferred to and from the FDDI network. If you are running TCP/IP or UDP/IP applications, you can improve throughput by modifying the parameters that control the rate at which these protocols transfer data to and from the SunFDDI/P device driver—that is, between user space and kernel space.
Page 52: Target Token Rotation Time (Ttrt)
Setting the value of T_req on a single station does not guarantee that this bid will win the claim process. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 If the network load is very irregular (bursty traffic), the TTRT should be set as high as possible to avoid lengthy queueing at any one station.
Page 53: Improving Performance
Improving Performance The following section describes how to modify the user-configurable network parameters. To obtain optimum network performance, you may need to tune these parameters, depending on your network configuration and the type of network traffic. Changing the High and Low Water Marks The maximum rate at which data is transferred between user space and kernel space by applications that use STREAMS is controlled by the high water marks.
Page 54: To Tune The Low Water Mark
Use ndd(1M) to change the TCP and UDP low water marks: 1. Log in as root or become superuser. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 (tcp_xmit_hiwat and tcp_recv_hiwat). For optimum performance over FDDI connections, the TCP high water marks should both be set to 32 Kbytes.
Page 55: Tuning The High And Low Water Marks At Boot Time
2. Use ndd —set to modify the current value of the TCP and UDP low water marks (tcp_xmit_lowat and udp_xmit_lowat). For optimum performance over FDDI connections, set the TCP and UDP low water marks to 24 Kbytes. # ndd —set /dev/tcp tcp_xmit_lowat 24576 # ndd —set /dev/udp udp_xmit_lowat 24576 Tuning the High and Low Water Marks at Boot Time Each time you reboot your machine, the high and low water marks are reset to...
Page 56: Mtu Path Discovery
3. Reboot the machine to apply the changes to the system. Note – Additionally, the ifconfig(1M) command can be used to change the MTU. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 set pf:pf_mtu=<packet_size> The variable <packet_size> is set to the desired value for MTU entered in octets.
Page 57: To Disable Mtu Path Discovery
To Disable MTU Path Discovery Many bridges do not support MTU path discovery. To disable this feature in order to transmit packets across a bridge, type: # ndd —set /dev/ip ip_path_mtu_discovery 0 MTU path discovery is re-enabled each time the machine is rebooted. To Tune the Target Token Rotation Time (TTRT) The target token rotation time (TTRT) for the network is the lowest value of T_req bid during the claim process.
Page 58 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 59: Troubleshooting And Diagnostics
Troubleshooting and Diagnostics Troubleshooting Checklist Solving Common Problems Running the Hardware Self-Test Program Loading the Device Driver Manually This chapter describes how to detect and resolve common problems with your FDDI network. It includes instructions on how to load and configure the SunFDDI/P device driver manually, if required.
Page 60: Troubleshooting Checklist
• • To Check the Link Status Indicator • SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Check that the cable connector is seated firmly into the plug on the SunFDDI/P adapter card. You should feel the connector “click” into place. Check that the cables are connected correctly between ports of different types.
Page 61: Checking The Mac Address
• If the LED is amber, the SunFDDI/P driver is loaded, the pf interface is configured, but no valid line state to an active FDDI network exists. a. Check the physical connections between the station and the ring, or the station and the concentrator. b.
Page 62: To Check The Sunfddi/P Driver
NIS map, or in /etc/hosts on the local machine if you are not using NIS/NIS+. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Use netstat(1M) to check that the SunFDDI/P (pf) driver is installed correctly, and to check for an excessive number of errors and collisions:...
Page 63: To Check The Ip Routing
To Check the IP Routing 1. Check the IP routing table using the netstat(1M) command: % netstat —nr 2. Check that the FDDI subnetwork is featured in the routing table. If the routing table is empty, check that the routing daemon (in.routed) is running on your machine.
Page 64: To Check The Smt Traffic
SMT frames. If the target station receives an SMT request for an unsupported service, it issues a Request Denied Frame (RDF). SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Use netstat(1M) to check the driver statistics: # netstat -k...
Page 65: Solving Common Problems
Two or more interfaces have been assigned the same MAC address. The most likely conflict lies between the first SunFDDI/P 1.0 interface (pf0) and one or more SunFDDI/P interfaces (pf1, etc) installed in the same machine.
Page 66 Running pf_stat without the —m option (to display information about the local station) shows the ring alternating frequently between UP and DOWN. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Problems Running SunFDDI/P Action Check that the SunFDDI/P software is installed correctly and that the driver is loaded and configured.
Page 67 Table 5-2 Problem Running pf_stat without the —m option (to display information about the local station) shows that the ring is ISOLATED. The local station cannot reach FDDI stations located on a remote FDDI network. Troubleshooting and Diagnostics Problems Running SunFDDI/P (Continued) Action Check that the link status indicator is green, indicating that the SunFDDI/P interface is attached to an active network.
Page 68 Running pf_stat with the —m option (to display information about the neighboring stations) shows frequent error frames and lost frames. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Problems Running SunFDDI/P (Continued) Action Check that the IP address and host name of the remote station is entered in the NIS map or NIS+ tables (or in /etc/hosts on each remote station if you are not running NIS or NIS+).
Page 69: Table 5-2 Problems Running Sunfddi/P
Table 5-2 Problem Running pf_smtmon shows the frequent occurrence of request denied frames (RDF). Table 5-3 Problem Cannot select pf_fddi or pf_fddismt7_2 agent for quick dump. Cannot recover SMT statistics from the proxy agent. The procedure fails with the error message, “Cannot create RPC client: program is not registered.”...
Page 70: Running The Hardware Self-Test Program
To Run the Hardware Self-Test 1. Log in as root or become superuser. 2. Halt the machine. 3. At the boot prompt, type: SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 # sync;sync;halt ok test /pci/pf Local MAC Address 0:80:d8:10:3:ed (Canonical) Interrupt register read/write test ... PASS CMT Processor read/write test ...
Page 71: Loading The Device Driver Manually
Loading the Device Driver Manually Normally, the SunFDDI/P device driver is loaded and configured by the post-installation script, which is launched automatically when the software is installed. If you encounter problems when running this script, or if you want to customize the installation, you may need to load the device driver manually. To Configure and Load the Device Driver 1.
Page 72 Provided the installation and configuration was successful, your SunFDDI/P station is now active and you can send and receive data transparently across an FDDI connection. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 b. Look in the /dev directory for links to these entries: ls -l /dev | grep pf lrwxrwxrwx 1 root other <date>...
Page 73: Part 2 -Planning And Implementing Sunfddi Networks
Part 2 — Planning and Implementing SunFDDI Networks...
Page 75: Fddi Network Architecture
FDDI Network Architecture FDDI Network Model FDDI Network Architecture FDDI Failure Recovery FDDI Ring Operation FDDI Performance This chapter provides a brief introduction to the Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), and the network architecture described by the following specifications: • ANSI/FDDI Physical Media Dependent (PMD) X3.166-1990 •...
Page 76: Fddi Network Model
• Figure 6-1 shows the organization of these components, and their relationship with other network protocols that use them. Figure 6-1 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) Layer Physical (PHY) Layer Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer...
Page 77: Physical Medium Dependent (Pmd) Layer
Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) Layer This portion of the FDDI network model defines the physical medium used to carry the encoded digital signal. It is also referred to as the media layer. The PMD layer determines the characteristics of the transmitters, receivers, connectors, and cables used to attach the FDDI station to the network.
Page 78: Media Access Control (Mac) Layer
Station Management (SMT) Layer The Station Management layer provides services to manage, control, and configure the FDDI network. It is also referred to as the network management layer. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Synchronous (guaranteed) traffic Asynchronous (priority-based) traffic Restricted (dialogue-based) traffic...
Page 79: Communication Between Fddi Layers
At its lowest level, the SMT protocol handles connection management (CMT). This includes station initialization, the insertion and removal of stations on the network, and connection compatibility between stations. At a higher level, the SMT protocol handles ring management (RMT). This includes the detection of duplicate addresses and the isolation of fault conditions.
Page 80: Figure 6-2 Communication Between Fddi Layers
Media access control (MAC) layer Frames Physical (PHY) layer Symbols Physical medium dependent (PMD) layer Bit stream Figure 6-2 Communication Between FDDI Layers SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 81: Fddi Network Architecture
FDDI Network Architecture A typical FDDI network is based on a dual, counter-rotating ring, as illustrated in Figure 6-3. Each FDDI station is connected in sequence to two rings simultaneously—a primary ring and a secondary ring. Data flows in one direction on the primary ring, and in the other direction on the secondary ring.
Page 82: Fddi Stations
Pout to a downstream station, as shown in Figure 6-4. Single-attached stations are normally attached to single- and dual-attached concentrators, as described in “FDDI Concentrators” on page 58. Data to downstream station Figure 6-4 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Single-attached station (SAS) Dual-attached station (DAS) Single-attached station (SAS)
Page 83: Figure 6-5 Dual-Attached Station (Das)
Dual-Attached Station (DAS) A dual-attached station (DAS) is attached to the FDDI network through two connectors called the A-port and the B-port, respectively. The A-port has a primary input (Pin) and a secondary output (Sout); the B-port has a primary output (Pout) and a secondary input (Sin).
Page 84: Fddi Concentrators
S-port on a single-attached station. It has multiple M-ports, to which single-attached stations are connected, as shown in Figure 6-6. Single-attached station Data to downstream station Figure 6-6 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Single-attached concentrator (SAC) Dual-attached concentrator (DAC) Single-attached station (SAS) (SAS)
Page 85: Figure 6-7 Dual-Attached Concentrator (Dac)
Dual-Attached Concentrator (DAC) A dual-attached concentrator (DAC) is attached to the FDDI network through two ports—the A-port and the B-port, which are identical to the ports on a dual-attached station. It has multiple M-ports, to which single-attached stations are connected, as shown in Figure 6-7. Dual-attached concentrators and FDDI stations are often arranged in a very flexible network topology called the ring of trees.
Page 86: Fddi Failure Recovery
In this condition, the primary and secondary rings are wrapped on to each other to form a single, one-way ring. FDDI DAS Figure 6-8 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Failed FDDI DAS FDDI DAS Isolating a Single Station Failure FDDI DAS...
Page 87: Figure 6-9 Isolating A Single Cable Failure
This failure recovery mechanism is only supported by dual-attached stations and concentrators; a single-attached station connected directly to the ring cannot wrap around the fault because it is only connected to one ring at a time. The effect of a cable or link failure on a basic FDDI network is very similar to a station failure, as shown in Figure 6-9.
Page 88: Optical Bypass Switches
The attenuation in an optical bypass switch is far greater than in a normal FDDI connection; therefore, the number of optical bypass switches that can be connected in series in a single ring is limited. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Dual-attached station (DAS)
Page 89: Figure 6-11 Dua-Ring Network Divided By Two Faults
FDDI DAS FDDI DAS Figure 6-11 Dua-Ring Network Divided by Two Faults The maximum number of active optical bypass switches that can be connected in a series is four. This assumes that the maximum distance between stations in the ring is no more than 400m; otherwise, the aggregate attenuation in the ring exceeds the total optical power budget.
Page 90: Figure 6-13 Optical Bypass Switches Used In A Network
FDDI DAS Optical bypass Figure 6-13 Optical Bypass Switches used in a Network SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 FDDI DAS Optical bypass Failed cable Optical...
Page 91: Fddi Ring Operation
FDDI Ring Operation Two types of traffic are allocated bandwidth on an FDDI ring: • Unrestricted Asynchronous Transmission The FDDI network is most commonly used for unrestricted asynchronous traffic. This is the default mode for SunFDDI and is the only mode supported in a Solaris 1.x environment.
Page 92: Fddi Performance
Ethernet connections. Among the factors that affect FDDI network performance are: • SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Token Rotation Timer (TRT) The TRT measures the time between successive arrivals of the token or, the time taken for the token to rotate once around the ring.
Page 93 • Network load • Network efficiency • Processor speed (on the FDDI stations) • Bus architecture There are a number of ways of improving the overall performance of the network, some of which are discussed in Chapter 4, “Improving Network Performance.”...
Page 94 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 95: Fddi Network Topologies
FDDI Network Topologies Basic Dual-Ring Network Standalone Concentrator Concentrators with Dual-Homing Tree of Concentrators Ring of Trees Mixed FDDI/Ethernet Networks FDDI networks can be arranged in a variety of ways, depending on the placement of stations (SAS and DAS) and the use of concentrators (SAC and DAC).
Page 96: Basic Dual-Ring Network
The primary advantages of the dual-ring network topology are its simplicity and its ability to recover from simple station and line faults. The secondary ring provides an effective backup in the event of a single failure in the ring. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 FDDI DAS FDDI DAS...
Page 97: Disadvantages
When a ring fails, the primary ring is wrapped automatically on either side of the fault so that the primary and secondary rings are combined to form a single, one-way ring. This mechanism is described in more detail in “FDDI Failure Recovery”...
Page 98: Standalone Concentrator
Concentrators are inherently more stable than FDDI stations. They do not have monitors, or disk drives, are subject to more predictable SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 FDDI SAS FDDI SAS...
Page 99: Disadvantages
usage, and are less likely to be switched off. As a result, a standalone concentrator provides a more reliable network than the basic dual-ring configuration described on page 70. Concentrators are equipped with built-in electrical bypass facilities that isolate single-station faults. Unlike the station optical bypass facility described on page 62, there is no limit to the number of stations that can be bypassed using the electrical switches in concentrators.
Page 100: Concentrators With Dual-Homing
SunFDDI 2.0. In the RSAS configuration, two single-attached interfaces are used to emulate a dual-attached interface connected in a dual-homing configuration. RSAS is not supported by SunFDDI/P 1.0. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 A-port M-port M-port...
Page 101: Advantages
Advantages Dual-homing offers the same advantages as a standalone concentrator, described on page 72. It also offers improved resistance against cable faults and concentrator failure. Disadvantages The number of stations that can be attached to the concentrator is limited by the number of M-ports, which is typically between 2 and 32.
Page 102: Advantages
The cumulative length of the network is increased significantly because the limitation on distance occurs between the end-station and the nearest concentrator, and not between the end-station and the root concentrator. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 FDDI SAS FDDI SAS...
Page 103: Disadvantages
Disadvantages This configuration suffers from the same disadvantages as the standalone concentrator, described on page 72. The number of stations connected to each concentrator is limited by the number of M-ports, and the loss of a concentrator takes down all of the stations to which it is attached. Ring of Trees The ring of trees is a derivative of the tree of concentrators topology described on page 75.
Page 104: Advantages
The cumulative length of the network can be increased because the limitation on distance occurs between the end-station and the nearest concentrator, and not between the end-station and the root concentrator. Disadvantages Only the concentrators attached directly to the dual-ring benefit from its inherent redundancy. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 105: Mixed Fddi/Ethernet Networks
Mixed FDDI/Ethernet Networks This section concentrates on the implementation of mixed FDDI/Ethernet networks. The same principles could be applied to mixed FDDI/802.3 and mixed FDDI/802.5 (Token Ring) networks. FDDI and Token Ring networks are based on a ring topology; Ethernet and 802.3 networks are based on a bus topology.
Page 106: A Tree Of Concentrators In An Ethernet Network
A tree of concentrators of the type described on page 77 is attached to an Ethernet network by connecting your system to the root concentrator as shown in Figure 7-8 Figure 7-8 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 FDDI network Basic Mixed FDDI/Ethernet Topology Ethernet...
Page 107: A Ring Of Trees In An Ethernet Network
A Ring of Trees in an Ethernet Network A ring of trees of the type described on page 77 is attached to an Ethernet network by connecting your system to one of the concentrators in the main distribution frame, as shown in Figure 7-9. Ethernet FDDI/Ethernet IP router...
Page 108: Figure 7-10 Routing In An Fddi/Ethernet Internetwork
An identical number of hops between the two stations exists regardless of the route taken; therefore, routed may send all of the traffic across the slower Ethernet link in preference to the faster FDDI link. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 jill bob-le0...
Page 109 To avoid this situation, set up a static route that forces the traffic between jill and judy to pass over the FDDI link; however, static routing is not recommended in a network beyond a few nodes in size. For efficient IP routing in large FDDI/Ethernet networks, use a routing package that provides routing metrics in addition to hop count (for example, gated, public domain software available by the Center for Theory and Simulation in Science at Cornell...
Page 110 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 111: Using The Sunfddi
Using the SunFDDI Network Utilities Changing the Default MAC Address (pf_macid) Displaying SunFDDI/P Statistics (pf_stat) Monitoring SMT Frames (pf_smtmon) This chapter describes the network utilities of SunFDDI/P. Throughout this chapter, it is assumed that you have installed the SunFDDI/P software under the default base directory <basedir> for your operating system: The default base directory <basedir>...
Page 112: Changing The Default Mac Address (Pf_Macid)
2. Use the pf_macid(1M) utility to recover the MAC address from the 3. Modify the start-up file on your machine so that the MAC address is SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 IDPROM on the SunFDDI/P interface identified by the instance number <inst>.
Page 113: Displaying Sunfddi/P Statistics (Pf_Stat)
if statement to initialize interface pf<inst> --------> 4. Reboot your machine to assign the new MAC address to the SunFDDI When a SunFDDI/P card takes the host-resident MAC address, it can be swapped to another system without affecting the existing network. However, once a station starts sending packets on the network, the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) updates the ARP tables on other stations to include the MAC address of its interface.
Page 114: Displaying Local Interface Statistics
For example, to monitor the interface pf0 once every 60 seconds for 3 minutes (a total of 3 interrogations), type: SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 The ECM heading corresponds to the 5.1 MIM heading. The RMT heading does not have an analog in SMT revision 4.2. If you run SunFDDI/P at revision level 4.2, ignore any data displayed under the RMT...
Page 115 Interpreting Local Statistics Running the pf_stat utility without the —m option displays information about the various SMT state machines and the network to which the local station is attached: Ring (Ring Status) The Ring status shows the current state of the physical connection to the FDDI network.
Page 116: Table 8-1 Pf_Stat States Under The Ecm Heading
State ISOLATED NON_OP RING_OP DETECT SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 pf_stat States Under the ECM Heading Meaning ECM is inactive and is waiting for a connect request (initial state). ECM is active; normal state after successful connection request. ECM is propagating a trace request to the appropriate entity.
Page 117: Table 8-3 Pf_Stat States Under The Pcm Heading
Table 8-2 pf_stat States Under the RMT Heading (Continued) RMT has detected that its address is duplicated and is initiating NON_OP_DUP recovery. The ring is not operational in this state. RMT has detected that the MAC address is duplicated and flagged RING_OP_DUP the error.
Page 118: Figure 8-1 Normal Sequence Of Pcm States
Running pf_stat with an interval and count, displays the number of packets transmitted since the last interrogation. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 pf_stat States Under the PCM Heading (Continued) Second state in the sequence leading to a synchronized connection.
Page 119: Figure 9-1
RecvP (Receive Packets) Running pf_stat without an interval and count displays the total number of packets received since the interface was activated. Running pf_stat with an interval and count displays the number of packets received since the last interrogation. Example Local Statistics The following output was recovered from a single-attached station using the command shown.
Page 120: Displaying Statistics From Neighboring Stations
For example, to monitor the stations attached to pf0 once every 10 seconds for 1 minute (a total of 6 interrogations), type: SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 The minimum interval of one second is not fast enough to recover and display the complete sequence of PCM states during the path re-establishment phase.
Page 121 Interpreting Statistics from Neighboring Stations Running the pf_stat utility with the —m option displays information about the neighboring stations attached to the local interface pf<inst>. Phy (Physical Connection) PHY shows the type of physical connection to the FDDI network. This heading is modified to indicate the type of port being managed: •...
Page 122 Displays the MAC address for the neighboring station, connected upstream on the ring from the local station. DNA (Downstream Neighbor Address) Displays the MAC address for the neighboring station, connected downstream on the ring from the local station. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 123 Example Neighbor Statistics The following output was recovered from a single-attached station using the command shown. A temporary fault condition was simulated by disconnecting the FDDI cable from the SunFDDI/P card and then reconnecting it. Start pf_stat ----------> # <basedir>/pf_stat —m pf0 1 20 PhyS Accumulated statistics ->...
Page 124: Monitoring Smt Frames (Pf_Smtmon)
Use Ctrl-C to stop pf_smtmon. To display the encoded SMT frames received by interface pf1, type: The elements of the SMT frames are defined as follows: class_type SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 <inst> # <basedir>/pf_smtmon # <basedir>/pf_smtmon -i pf1...
Page 125 To display the SMT frames received by interface pf1 in hexadecimal format, type: # <basedir>/pf_smtmon -i pf1 —x pf1: nif_request v=0x1 t=0x170 s=10-0-4-8-24-5c i=0x28 004DC000 0000004F FFFFFFFF FFFF1000 0408245C 01020001 00000170 00001000 0408245C 00000028 00010008 00001000 04B86EAB 00020004 00010100 00030004 00002100 200B0008 00000001 00000001 76C467A0 pf1: nif_request v=0x1 t=0x5e0f s=10-0-d4-78-42-4d i=0x28 004D0000 0000004F FFFFFFFF FFFF1000 D478424D 01020001 00005E0F 00001000...
Page 126: Smt Frame Classes And Types
(such as the SunNet Manager proxy agent delivered with SunFDDI/P) receives an unsupported or unrecognized request, it issues an RDF frame to indicate that the request is rejected. An RDF frame is always a response. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 127: Filtering Output From Pf_Smtmon
ESF (Extended Service Frame) These frames are implementation dependent. An ESF frame can be an announcement, a request, or a response. PMF (Parameter Management Frame) These frames are used to access remote station attributes. The Parameter Management Protocol supports both get (display) and set (modify) functions; however, the pf_smtmon utility can display only PMF_get frames.
Page 128 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 129: Managing Fddi Stations
Managing FDDI Stations Using SunNet Manager Installing the SunNet Manager Agents Managing FDDI Networks with SunNet Manager This chapter describes how to configure and start the SunNet Manager agents for SunFDDI/P on your machine. It also tells you how to use a SunNet Manager console to recover FDDI statistics from the agents.
Page 130: Installing The Sunnet Manager Agents
There are two ways to install the SunNet Manager agents on the client machine: Both methods are described in the SunNet Manager Installation Guide. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 The SunFDDI/P local agent (pf_fddi) responds to SNM requests from the console and returns statistics gathered on the client machine. These statistics are similar to those returned by pf_stat(1M).
Page 131: To Install The Fddi Schemas On A Client
To Install the FDDI Schemas on a Client Use pf_install_agents to install the SunNet Manager agents for SunFDDI/P. This script copies the FDDI schema files to the directory in which the standard agents are installed and updates the configuration files for SunNet Manager.
Page 132: Installing The Fddi Schemas On The Console
SunFDDI/P schemas onto the console machine or NFS mount the pf_install_agents script from a client machine and execute it remotely. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 This is the base directory under which you installed the SunFDDI/P software package (SUNWpf) using pkgadd(1M).
Page 133: To Share Pf_Install_Agents From A Client
To Share pf_install_agents From a Client 1. On the client machine, ensure that the NFS and mount daemons are running: # /usr/lib/nfs/nfs 8 # /usr/lib/nfs/mountd 2. On the client machine, share the /opt directory under which you installed SunFDDI/P. # share -F nfs -o ro /opt 3.
Page 134 Ultra system, add the following line to elements.schema: Add this line ---------> SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 On the console machine, the schemas must be installed in the directory /opt/SUNWconn/snm/agents. The pf_install_agents script modifies the file /opt/SUNWconn/snm/struct/elements.schema to add the definition for the host name or MAC address of an FDDI station.
Page 135: Managing Fddi Networks With Sunnet Manager
Managing FDDI Networks with SunNet Manager For detailed information on how to use SunNet Manager to manage the various components of your network, refer to the SunNet Manager User’s Guide. The SunNet Manager agents for SunFDDI/P are used to recover FDDI statistics and SMT frame information.
Page 136: Using The Sunfddi/P Local Agent (Pf_Fddi)
3. Choose pf_fddi as the Agent Schema and if (interface) as the Group. 4. Click SELECT on Apply to display local station statistics similar to those Figure 9-1 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 interrogate. Quick Dump item. shown in Figure 9-1.
Page 137: Figure 9-2 Quick Dump (Neighbor Statistics)
To Gather Neighbor Station Statistics Use the SunFDDI/P local agent to recover a snapshot of the current state of the neighboring FDDI stations: 1. Click SELECT on the icon for the FDDI station that you want to interrogate. 2. Press MENU on the Requests menu button and release MENU on the Quick Dump item.
Page 138: To Use The Sunfddi/P Proxy Agent (Pf_Fddismt7_2)
1. Specify the target machine when you enable the SunFDDI/P proxy agent 2. Use the scroll bar to display the two SunFDDI/P agents as shown in Figure 9-4 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Proxy station RPC request SMT request...
Page 139: Figure 9-5 Quick Dump (Smt Frames)
To Gather Information from the Proxy Agent Use the SunFDDI/P proxy agent to recover SMT information from one of the neighboring FDDI stations: 1. Click SELECT on the icon for the FDDI proxy station that you want to interrogate. 2. Press MENU on the Requests menu button and release MENU on the Quick Dump item.
Page 140: Interpreting Traps And Errors
Source of trap report ------> (neighbor to fault) Trap indicates change of neighbor -----------------> Station disconnected ------ > addr of new neighbor ------> Figure 9-6 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 SRF_Source=rully TransitionTimeStamp: Parameter_Type=0x1034 Transition_TimeStamp.Hi=101 Transition_TimeStamp.Lo=3640570640 MAC Neighbor Change Event: Parameter_Type=0x208f Mac_Index=1 Multiple_Occurrence=0...
Page 141: Figure 9-7 Single-Attached Station Reconnected
The trap reports in Figure 9-7 were generated when a single-attached station was reconnected to the ring. Trap report generated by the upstream station Source of trap report ------> SRF_Source=rully (neighbor to fault) TransitionTimeStamp: Parameter_Type=0x1034 Transition_TimeStamp.Hi=102 Transition_TimeStamp.Lo=845593304 Trap indicates change of neighbor ----------------->...
Page 142: Figure 9-8 Dual-Attached Station Halted
Source of trap report ------> (reconnected station) Trap indicates change of neighbor -----------------> Rediscover neighbor ------> Rediscover neighbor ------> Figure 9-9 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 SRF_Source=0-1-1b-8-10-92 TransitionTimeStamp: Parameter_Type=0x1034 Transition_TimeStamp.Hi=102 Transition_TimeStamp.Lo=2402450560 Peer Wrap Condition: Parameter_Type=0x1048 Condition_State=1 PeerWrapCondition=9...
Page 143: Mac Address Formats
MAC Address Formats The MAC address can be represented in one of two formats: • Canonical format • Ring format The MAC address is always displayed in canonical format by the SunFDDI/P network utilities and hardware self-test program. It is also displayed in canonical format when you reboot your machine.
Page 144 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 145: Developing Applications That Run Over Sunfddi/P
DLPI is used to access the services of the SunFDDI/P link layer of the SunFDDI/P device driver in a Solaris 2.5.1 Hardware: 4/97 environment without the need for specialized knowledge of the underlying protocol. You can obtain a copy of the STREAMS DLPI Specification from Sun Microsystems, Inc. (part number 800-6915-10).
Page 146: Developing Applications With Dlpi
(for example, the pf FDDI driver). Figure 10-1 illustrates the relationship between DLPI and the layers of the FDDI protocol. Figure 10-1 DLPI Access to FDDI SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 TCP/IP Data link provider interface (DLPI) V2...
Page 147: Dlpi Connectionless Service Primitives
DLPI primitives are defined in terms of STREAMS messages. All DLPI messages are either type M_PROTO or type M_PCPROTO and contain the appropriate DLPI message structure. DPLI primitives are exchanged by confirmed negotiation—request primitives are issued by the user, which then waits to receive an acknowledge (or error) response primitive from the provider.
Page 148: Dlpi Addressing
SunFDDI/P device driver is shown in Table 10-1. Table 10-1 DL_INFO_REQ Frame Element dl_max_sdu dl_min_sdu dl_addr_length dl_mac_type dl_reserved dl_current_state dl_sap_length dl_service_mode dl_qos_length SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 6 Bytes 2 Bytes SSAP CTL TYPE SNAP Value 4352 bytes 0 bytes 8 bytes DL_FDDI —...
Page 149 Table 10-1 DL_INFO_REQ Frame Element Value dl_qos_offset dl_range_length dl_range_offset dl_provider_style DL_STYLE2 dl_addr_offset dl_version dl_brdcst_addr_length dl_brdcst_addr_offset Note that the value dl_sap_length is set to minus 2, which indicates that the SAP is 2 bytes beyond the physical address. Developing Applications that Run over SunFDDI/P Description Not supported Not supported...
Page 150 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 151: Setting Up Servers
Setting Up Servers and Diskless Clients Setting Up a Server and Diskless Clients Booting a Diskless Client Over SunFDDI/P This chapter describes how to set up a server so that you can boot and run diskless clients across an FDDI network. It assumes that the server and clients are attached to the same FDDI ring.
Page 152: Setting Up A Server And Diskless Clients
If you have five Sun-4u diskless clients running Solaris 2.5.1 Hardware: 4/97, you will require: • • • SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Use df(1M) to check the amount of space available, for example, type: % /usr/bin/df -k /export Filesystem kbytes...
Page 153: To Set Up A Server
To Set Up a Server Follow these steps to set up a server to boot diskless clients across an FDDI connection: 1. Install and configure the relevant SunOS operating system on the server so that it can be exported. See the Solaris System Configuration and Installation Guide for detailed instructions on how to set up an operating system for diskless clients.
Page 154 3. Click SELECT on the Host Manager icon to display the Select Naming 4. Click SELECT on the button corresponding to the naming service used by SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Service window. the server to display list of available hosts.
Page 155 5. Click SELECT on Apply to display the Host Manager window. 6. Press MENU on the Edit menu button and choose the Add Host... item to activate the Add Host window. Setting Up Servers and Diskless Clients...
Page 156 9. Use MENU to set the Timezone Region and Timezone that are relevant for 10. Press MENU on the File Server menu button to display a list of available SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 display the defaults for diskless clients.
Page 157 11. Specify the root and swap paths. By default, these paths are set to /export/root and /export/swap. If you change these paths, you must ensure that you have sufficient disk space in the file systems you specify. 12. Specify the size of the swap space reserved for the diskless client. This is normally set to 24 Mbytes.
Page 158: To Update The Nis Server
4. Change directories to the diskless client’s root file system. 5. Update the yp map for the diskless client: 6. Replace the noname entry in the file /etc/defaultdomain with the your SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 the new entries created in the following files: • /etc/hosts •...
Page 159: Installing The Sunfddi/P Driver For A Diskless Client
Installing the SunFDDI/P Driver for a Diskless Client After you have created the export file systems under /export/root/<client> and /export/swap/<client> on the server, you must install the SunFDDI/P device driver for the diskless client. To Install on a Client 1. Use pkgadd to install the Solaris 2.5.1 version of SunFDDI/P so that it is 2.
Page 160 5. At the prompt, type boot then press CTL-y to paste your selection. Warning – Once a diskless client has been booted over the SunFDDI/P interface, do not move the SunFDDI/P card to a different slot. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 interfaces. ok show-nets...
Page 161: Frequently Asked Questions About Sunfddi
Frequently Asked Questions About SunFDDI This appendix contains the responses to some of the most frequently asked questions about SunFDDI/P. It also contains references to more detailed information. • The network performance is much lower than I expected. Why can’t I transfer data at 100 Mbps over my FDDI connection? If the applications running over FDDI don’t use the available bandwidth efficiently you will see much lower performance than expected.
Page 162 See “Concentrators with Dual-Homing” on page 74 for more information. Can I use the SunFDDI/P 1.0 software with a hardware interface from a third-party vendor? No. The device driver does not support any third-party hardware products.
Page 163 • Why do I get the error message “duplicate address” or “duplicate macid”? By default, the first SunFDDI/P interface installed in the machine adopts the host-resident MAC address stored on the motherboard. Each subsequent SunFDDI/P interface takes the card-resident MAC address stored in its IDPROM.
Page 164 How many SunFDDI/P 1.0 cards can I install in one machine? You can install up to eight SunFDDI/P 1.0 cards in one machine. What kind of connector can be used to connect SunFDDI/P 1.0 to optical fiber networks? The connector type has been changed for SunFDDI 5.0 to an SC-type connector.
Page 165 • Does SunFDDI/P Dual incorporate an optical bypass? No. You must order an optical bypass switch from a third-party vendor. • Why does my optical bypass switch not work when I plug it in? Optical bypass switches require a power cycle to be initialized. Plug in the optical bypass switch, switch off the FDDI station, and then reboot to initialize the station.
Page 166 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 167 baud Glossary This glossary defines FDDI-related acronyms, abbreviations, and terms. (Address Resolution Protocol). A protocol used within local networks that support broadcast (such as Ethernet or FDDI) that binds IP addresses to MAC addresses. View the current contents of a Sun machine’s ARP table with the SunOS command, arp -a;...
Page 168 In general usage, the term identifies any computer that transfers information between networks. (kilobits per second). A measure of the rate of data transmission. See also, baud, bps, Bps, and Mbps. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 169 Mbps NRZI-4B/5B (Logical Link Control). Local area network protocol functions corresponding to the OSI data link layer (layer 2), but providing only service access points (SAP). (Media Access Control). Local area network protocol functions corresponding to the OSI data link layer (layer 2), but providing the following: 1) on transmission, assembles data into a frame with address and error-detection fields;...
Page 170 The deviation of clock recovery that can occur when the receiver attempts to recover both clocking and data from the received signal. The PHY specification describes a phase lock loop (PLL) and elasticity buffer to eliminate jitter. SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 171 TTRT (Token Rotation Timer). A timer in the FDDI MAC protocol that measures the time between receipt of tokens. It expires when it reaches a value that exceeds the Target Token Rotation Time (TTRT). (Target Token Rotation Time). A parameter in the FDDI MAC protocol that is negotiated by all of the stations on a ring at the time a ring is brought up.
Page 172 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997...
Page 173 Index Symbols //www.sun.com, xxiv /cdrom/sun_fddip_1_0 directory, 13 /etc/hosts file, 15, 22 /etc/rc2.d directory, 21 /etc/system file, 30 Numerics 802.3 networks, 79 802.5 networks, 79 access delay, 24, 26 add_drv command, 39 aggregate attenuation, 63 ANSI/FDDI standards, 50 A-ports, 57 asynchronous service, 65 traffic, 65 attenuation, 51, 62...
Page 174 27 data transfer, 50 rate, 2, 25 declaring IP addresses, 12, 15 default buffer size, 25 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 IP addresses, 15 MAC address, 35 target token rotation time, 26 developing applications, 119 device drivers, 34...
Page 175 ECF, 100 echo frames, 100 ECM, 89 efficiency, 24 efficient use of bandwidth, 67 ejecting the CD-ROM, 17 electrical-bypass, 73 electromagnetic radiation, 51 elements.schema, 108 encoded digital data, 51 entity coordination management, 89 error frames, 95 ESF, 101 examples, 29 extended service frame, 101 failure mechanisms, 60 fault recovery, 72...
Page 176 39 master SBus slot, 4 maximizing data throughput, 25 maximum bandwidth, 24 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 length of ring, 24 number of bypass switches, 63 number of cards, 2, 4 number of stations, 24 throughput, 24...
Page 177 noise, causes of, 7 NRZI-4B/5B, 143 number of cards supported, 2, 4 NVRAM—TOD chip, 3 one-way ring, 55, 60, 71 optical bypass switch, 62, 63, 73 fiber, 50 power budget, 62, 63 optimum performance, 24 route, 81 OSI, 143 overall system performance, 66, 83 packages SUNWnf, 39 packet...
Page 178 65 traffic, 65 RFC 1390, 25 right to transmit, 65 ring, 52 architecture, 72 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 failure, 70 format, 114 length, 24 ring management, 90 ring of trees, 73, 77, 81 ring of trees configuration, 59...
Page 179 simple network management protocol, 103 Sin, 57 single-attached concentrator (SAC), 56, 58 station (SAS), 1, 34, 56 single-mode fiber, 51 SMF, single-mode fiber, 51 SMT request frame (SRF), 20, 38, 112 SMT, station management, 49, 60 SMT, station mangement, 50 SNMP, simple network management protocol, 103 SO_RCVBUF parameter, 29...
Page 180 29 umount command, 18 UNA, 96 unrestricted traffic, 65 unshielded twisted-pair, 50 upstream station, 56 user space, 25 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 user-configurable hardware, 5 utilities pf_macid, 86 pf_smtmon, 38 pf_stat, 110 UTP, 50 video applications, 24...
Page 181 Please explain: 4. Was the information complete and easy to find? Please explain: 5. Do you have additional comments about the SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide? You can send detailed comments via email to smcc-docs@sun.com a fax to SMCC Doc Feedback at (415) 786-6443.

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