Star Micronics SR-10/I5 User Manual
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Star Micronics SR-10/I5 User Manual

Star micronics printer user's manual
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SR-IO/I5
USER'S MANUAL
NOT INTENDED
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  • Page 1 SR-IO/I5 USER’S MANUAL NOT INTENDED FOR SALE...
  • Page 2 However, or suitability to any particular application. Trademark Acknowledgement SR-10, SR-15: Star Mfg. Co., Ltd. grafstar: Star Micronics Apple, Apple II, Apple II + , Apple IIe, Applesoft: Commodore C-64: Commodore Compaq: Compaq Computer corporation CP/M: Digital...
  • Page 3 You’re to be congratulated for both the sophisticated - the new Right now, before you even start readying your SR-lo/15 for action, we’d like to impress you with these two thoughts: 1. In as few words as possible, we’ll highlight special features that SR-lo/15 offers you, and 2.
  • Page 4 We think you’ll also find this manual easy and pleasant to use. We’ve gone to great lengths to make it so. As a first example, look over the table of contents Whether greenhorn or wizard, to know to fulfill their expectations. before you even unpack the box, user/owner, Chapters...

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents Setting Up SR-lo/15 Chapter 1 Where Shall We Put It? What Have We Here? Removing the printer covers Removing packing and shipping screws Installing the platen knob Installing the ribbon cartridge Connecting Getting to Know Your SR-lo/15 Chapter 2 Components Paper Selection and Loading...
  • Page 6 Superscripts Changing the Print Pitch Expanded print Making SR-lo/15 Print Darker Mixing Modes Summary Line Spacing and Forms Control Chapter 6 Starting New Lines Reverse line feeds Changing Line Spacing Moving down the page without a carriage return Forms Controls Form feed Reverse form feed Changing the Page Length...
  • Page 7 Printing Download Erasing Download Defining Proportional Connecting Summary Printing With Dot Graphics Chapter 10 Comparing Characters Using the Dot Graphics Commands Specifying the number of columns of dots Specifying the graphics data Combining Printing a Design or Logo Plotting With SR-lo/15 How the program works High Resolution If You Have Problems With BASIC...
  • Page 8 Appendix G Technical Specifications Appendix H The Parallel Interface Functions Serial Interface Specifications Appendix I Configuring SR-10/15’s Serial Protocols Serial busy protocols XON/XOFF ACK protocol Connecting With Computer Appendix J Connecting BASIC programming Listing programs Connecting Applesoft BASIC Listing programs Connecting TRS-80 BASIC Listing programs...
  • Page 9 Table of Tables Table 2-1 Left margin on the single sheet guide Table 5-l Near letter quality commands Table 5-2 Italic commands Table 5-3 Underline commands Table 5-4 Superscript and subscript commands Table 5-5 Print pitch commands Table 5-6 Expanded print commands Table 5-7 Print emphasis commands Table 5-8 Master select and the 256 ASCII codes Table 6-1 Line feed commands...

  • Page 11: Setting Up Sr

    SETTING UP SR- 1 O/ 15 L” In this chapter, SR-lo/15 printer, set it up in the right location, and get it ready for you to load it with paper and start printing. But first . . . WHERE Before you do anything else, give some thought to where you’ll be using your printer.

  • Page 12: Removing The Printer Covers

    Inside the carton you should have received: 1) SR-lo/15 Figure l-l. printer, 2) cut sheet guide, 3) continuous paper guide, 4) power cord, 5) platen knob, 6) spare fuse, 7) ribbon cartridge, and 8) this user’s manual. the next step . . . Let’s move on m Removing printer...

  • Page 13: Removing Packing And Shipping Screws

    with the printer frame, then with a slight rocking motion, lift it straight up and off the machine. procedure. Figure l-2 illustrates movement for both removal and replacement Remove the printer covers by tilting them Figure l-2. then lifting straight up. n Removing packing and shipping screws There are three (on an SR-10 ) or four (on an SR-15 ) shipping screws on the bottom...

  • Page 14: Installing The Platen Knob

    SR-10 has three screws which secure the chassis during Figure l-3. shipping; SR-15 has four. They should be removed before use. n Installing the platen knob This is the knob that turns the rubber platen cylinder. It fits into the hole on the right side of the printer case. Just match the odd-shaped hole in the knob with the same shape on the shaft you’ll see inside the hole in the case, and press it on firmly.

  • Page 15: Installing The Ribbon Cartridge

    Remove the spiral tube on the carriage stay that protects Figure 14. SR-10/15’s print head. the knob a few turns to see that it’s turning the platen easily and smoothly. n Installing the ribbon cartridge The ribbon cartridge greatly simplifies installing the ink ribbon. For easy installation, though, and diagrams shown here.
  • Page 16 Guide on each side of the ribbon cartridge helps to guide Figure l-5. align the cartridge during installation. Guide Tilt the ribbon cartridge in until the guide pins meet the hooks Figure l-6. in the printer frame, then lower the front edge until the holder springs hold it-in place.
  • Page 17 5. Now thread the ribbon carefully between the print head and the ribbon guide next to the platen. (Take a good look at Figure l-7.) You might want to use a ball point pen to lightly press the ribbon guide against the platen (runbber roller) while you insert the ribbon into the thin space between the print head and ribbon guide.

  • Page 18: To Your Computer

    CONNECTING SR-lo/15 To complete the installation, to your computer. Figure l-8 shows where the cable connects, but there’s more that you need to know. follow the guidelines for making connections for setting the DIP switches. computer, then your Star dealer will give you advice on connecting SR-lo/15 to your computer.

  • Page 19: Getting To Know Your Sr

    GETTING TO KNOW The more you learn about features, old and new, the better SR-lo/15 for you. you know how to use! So, let’s start getting acquainted! Subjects we’ll cover in this chapter include: Components Paper-out and front-cover-open Paper selection and loading Adjusting the gap - for different paper thickness Self-test Some tips for smoother operation...
  • Page 20 Power cord connector Figure 2-1. Front and rear views of SR-IO. Like a typewriter, the print TRACTOR - This built-in unit sits in the rear of your printer, under the rear cover. Its sprocket wheels carry the sprocket-feed paper on its pathway through the printer. PLATEN - This is the rubber cylinder that carries paper to the print head.
  • Page 21 Control ,Ll Power cord conndr 2-2. Front and rear views of SR-15. Figure INTERFACE CONNECTOR place where you connect your computer to SR-10/15, so that they are able to communicate Now let’s take a tour around the controls, control panel board, located at the right front. There are 5 lamps and 5 buttons on the panel: --.-____ ‘\...

  • Page 22: Power Lamp

    2-3. SR-10/15’s controls. Figure POWER LAMP - Glows green when the power is on. READY LAMP - Glows green when the printer is ready to accept data. This light flickers during transmission. the flicker; it’s normal! ON LINE LAMP - Glows green when the communication to your computer are open.
  • Page 23 data from the computer. signal to the computer When you turn the power switch on, you are automatically line. There are other kinds of controls, not connected to the control panel board. Some of the more important POWER SWITCH - Towards the back on the right side. This turns on the electricity to your machine.

  • Page 24: Paper Selection

    PAPER SELECTION Now we’ll look at paper. Your SR-lo/15 sheets - standard-size stationery, multi-part carbonless business forms, or almost any other kind of cut sheet. You can also print on “computer paper” with the holes along the sides, which is also called sprocket, punched, or perforated fan-fold.

  • Page 25: Loading Sprocket-Feed Paper

    Use the single sheet guide for loading cut paper. Figure 2-4. Left margin on the single sheet guide Distance from Left-Hand Position of For SR-10 Guide Approx. .6 inch Left Approx. .3 inch Middle Approx. .l inch Right Loading sprocket-feed Continuous paper feeds into the printer paper...
  • Page 26 The metal guide is used to align the left margin. Figure 2-5. Here’s the proper sequence for loading: 1. Turn off the power and remove the rear cover. (After you’ve practiced a few times, you’ll find it easy to load paper by just opening the cover.) 2.
  • Page 27 The wire paper guide keeps continuous paper away from the Figure 2-6. cables. 2-7. The tractors, which guide the paper, are underneath the rear Figure cover.

  • Page 28: Ribbon Installation

    With the tractors in place, you’re ready to close the covers Figure 2-8. and advance the paper. 7. Bring the paper up from the back, over the wire guide, and into the back of the printer. When the holes in the paper fit snugly over the nubby teeth in both sprockets, close the tractor covers and snap the clamp levers back into their locked positions (Figure 2-8).

  • Page 29: Adjusting The Gap

    ADJUSTING THE GAP The gap is the space between the print head and the platen. Adjusting the gap is simply adjusting the printer to accommodate different thicknesses of paper. To make this adjustment, under the front cover, immediately shown in Figure 2-9. Pulling the adjustment will widen the’...

  • Page 30: Self-Test

    SELF-TEST The “self-test” is a trial run of your beautiful new machine. SR-lo/15 carries a built-in program that prints out sample lines of letters, numbers, and other characters everything’s in good working order. It also serves as a display of the characters available in the SR-10/15.

  • Page 31: Some Tips For Smoother Operation

    SOME TIPS FOR SMOOTHER Here are some ideas that might save time and trouble with SR-10/15. When setting the left-hand you’ll find the bail bar is marked measurements, so it’s a handy reference. (There are 10 pica characters and so on also correspond The sprocket paper is perforated facilitate easy folding (that’s the way it comes, in a stack).

  • Page 33: Getting Started With Sr

    GETTING STARTED In this chapter you’ll learn about: Using SR-lo/15 with commercial software ASCII codes You have assembled and tested your printer, and seen a quick sample of SR- lo/15 ‘s capabilities in the self-test. Now it’s time to do what you bought SR-lo/15 to do: print information your computer.

  • Page 34: First, Some Terminology

    Some programs don’t ask you what kind of printer you have, but instead they ask some questions about what your printer can do. Here are the answers to the “most asked” questions. SR-lo/15 can do a “hardware form feed”. can do a “backspace”. With these questions answered, you are ready to start printing.
  • Page 35 when we press the “A” key on our keyboard we want to print the letter “A”. The computer But there are a number of ASCII codes that don’t have keys on the keyboard. The most important that have ASCII values below 32. These codes control many of SR- 10/l 5’s functions.

  • Page 36: The Escape Code

    By translating the codes from the system that we use, to the system that your commercial software uses, you should be able to use many of SR-10/15’s advanced features. It may help, however if we look at a couple of examples. n The escape code There’s one particular ASCII code that we are going to be using more than all the rest.

  • Page 37: Some Basics About Basic

    CHAPTER 4 CONTROLLING SR-lo/15 WITH BASIC Throughout the rest of this book we will be teaching you how to use SR-lo/15 ‘s features using the BASIC programming guage in our examples. It is easy to communicate from BASIC and, though nearest thing to a universal language among users of personal computers.
  • Page 38 ways, and hope that between this and your computer’s manual you will be able to stay with us. First on our list is Microsoft BASIC’s way of communicating with the printer. They just add an “L” to the beginning of the LIST and PRINT commands, making them LLIST and LPRINT.

  • Page 39: Establishing Communications

    LLIST it (or however your computer does it). We’ve crossed the first major hurdle-learning Now we are ready to jump into the world of programming SR- 10/l 5. But first, there are a few fundamentals to cover. n Establishing We’ve learned printer.

  • Page 40: Control Codes

    w Control codes SR-lo/15 uses many of the non-printing control codes. These codes perform a function rather than printing a character. Let’s try an easy one right now: 10 LPRINT CHR$(7) Where did that noise come from? That’s SR-10/15’s bell. We will learn more about it in Chapter 8.

  • Page 41: Some Problem Codes

    Some of you fast students may have noticed that CHR$(69) is the same as “E”. That’s right, the program will work just as well if line 10 is changed like this: 10 LPRINT CHR$(27) "E"; That’s just another form of the same ASCII code, and it’s all the same to SR-10/15.
  • Page 42 This is the command we mentioned earlier, is the way we will indicate the escape code, which is ASCII code 27. A letter or number enclosed in quote marks (such as the “W” above) means that character should be sent to the printer (without the quote marks).
  • Page 43 in STAR mode. There are some cases where you would use IBM mode with your computer, Chapters SR-lo/15 to control printing matting, graphics, and other features. features have different codes for IBM mode and STAR mode. That’s it for the basics. You are ready to learn how to use the many features of SR- 10/l 5.

  • Page 45: Printing Text With Sr

    CHAPTER 5 PRINTING TEXT WITH SR-lo/15 Beginning with this chapter we will be exploring all the features of SR-10/15. In this chapter we’ll cover: Near letter quality characters Italics Underlining Superscript and subscripts Print pitch Print emphasis All our examples will be given in Microsoft by the IBM Personal Computer, need to know BASIC to use SR-10/15’s features.

  • Page 46: Italic Printing

    18 'Demo near letter quality character set. 24) LPRINT CHR$(27) "B" CHR$(4) 30 LPRINT "This line shows NEAR LETTER QUALITY!" 40 LPRINT CHRS(27) "B" CHR$(5) 50 LPRINT "This line shows standard Drint." In this program, line 20 selects NLQ characters <...

  • Page 47: Underlining

    ,l@ ‘Demo italic and roman. 20 LPRINT CHR$(27) “4” 30 LPRINT "This line is in ITALIC characters." 40 LPRINT CHR$(27) "5" 5@ LPRINT "This line is in ROMAN (normal) characters." Here is what you should get: This program is easy; line 20 turns italic on with < ESC > “4”, I.
  • Page 48 ued.Therefore, BASIC didn’t send a carriage return and line feed at the end of those lines. We just did this to illustrate that all these control codes can be used in the middle of a line. It’s easy to underline or italicize only part of a line. n Superscripts and subscripts SR-lo/15 can print in two different heights of characters.
  • Page 49 “S” CHR$( l), and finally off in line 90. Again, everything prints on one line because of the semicolons. CHANGING THE PRINT In “printer talk,” character width is called pitch. SR-lo/15 prints 10 characters per inch. This is called pica pitch because it’s the same spacing as a standard pica typewriter.
  • Page 50 30 LPRINT "This line is CONDENSED pitch." 4Q) LPRINT CHR$(27) "B" CHR$(2) ; 'Select elite pitch. 50 LPRINT "This line is ELITE pitch." 60 LPRINT CHR$(27) "p" CHR$(l) ; 'Select proportional. 70 LPRINT "This line is PROPORTIONAL spacing." 80 LPRINT CHR$(27) "p" CHR$(@) ; 'Cancel proportional. 90 LPRINT CHR$(27) "B'.' CHR$(l) ;...
  • Page 51 Expanded print set with CHR$(14) is automatically at the end of the line. This is convenient such as for one line titles. < ESC > in front of the CHR$( 14), although works just the same. You can also cancel one line expanded print before a carriage return with CHR$(20), as done in line 50.
  • Page 52 By combining expanded print with the four pitches, SR-lo/15 has eight different character widths available. Enter this program to see how the print pitches and expanded print can be combined: 10 'Demo pitches in combination with expanded mode. 20 LPRINT CHR$(27) "W" CHR$(l) ; 'Permanent expanded mode on.

  • Page 53: Double-Strike

    MAKING SR-lo/15 SR-lo/15 has very good print density when it’s just printing regularly. But sometimes you may want something to stand out from the rest of the page. this: double-strike the characters twice, but they use slightly different methods to darken the characters.
  • Page 54 Line 20 turns on double-strike 30 prints a line of text. In line 40 emphasized is turned on with < ESC > “E”. Line 50 prints a line of text in double-strike emphasized. Line 60 then turns double-strike “H” so that line 70 can print in emphasized 80 turns emphasized off, so that SR-lo/15 printing.
  • Page 55 Master Select and the 256 ASCII Codes Pitch Normal ?ica 66, 128, 130, 14, 72, 74, 192, 194 200, 202, 204, Elite 11, precedence 15, 65, over 71, Emphasized. 73, 75, 77, 79, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207...
  • Page 56 SUMMARY Control code < ESC > “B” CHR$(4) < ESC > “B” CHR$(S) < ESC > “4” < ESC > “5” < ESC > “4” < ESC > “5” < ESC > “I” 1 < ESC > “I” 0 <ESC> “-”...

  • Page 57: Forms Control

    LINE SPACING AND FORMS CONTROL We have learned how to print in many different ways, but so far we haven’t looked at how to position the printing on the page. In this chapter we will learn how to: Change the vertical spacing Change the length of the page Set top and bottom margins STARTING...

  • Page 58: Line Spacing

    will add the line feed for you. When you have DIP switch 2-3 off the printer will do the same thing when it receives a carriage return as it does when it receives a line feed. If you find that your printer double spaces when it should single space, then you probably need to turn DIP switch 2-3 on.
  • Page 59 18 FOR I = 1 TO 20 IF I = 13 THEN 50 LPRINT CHR$(27) "A" CHR$(I); 4@ LPRINT "This line spacing is set to" I 50 NEXT 60 LPRINT "Line spacing is set to l/6 inch (normal)." 70 LPRINT CHR$(27) "2" This is what you will get: This This...
  • Page 60 Line 30 changes the line spacing. The command CHR$(n) changes the line spacing to n/72 of an inch. The loop that is started in line 10 increases the value of n (the variable I in the program) each time it is executed. So the line spacing in- creases as the program continues.
  • Page 61 (STAR mode) This line spacing This line spacing This line spacing This line spacing This line spacing This line spacing This line spacing s.pacing Line (IBM mode) This line This line Line spaci The program works just the same as before, but the line spacing are just half (STAR mode) or one-third (IBM mode) what they were.
  • Page 62 Line spacing c lmmands 1 Function spacing to l/8 inch Set line spacing to 7172 inch Set line spacing to n/72 inch Set to <ESC > “A” definition 1 STAR ~Setlinespacington/l#inch~~ Set line spacing to n/216 inch STAR One-time line feed of n/144 inch Note: If your computer CHR$(106) and CHR$(97) for “j”...
  • Page 63 without moving the printhead lowing commands do just that. The < ESC > “J” CHR$(n) command make one line feed of n/144 inch (STAR mode), or n/216 inch (IBM mode), but does not change the setting of the line spacing. Try this program to see how it works: one-time line...
  • Page 64 The < ESC > “a” CHR$(n) command lines (using whatever the current line spacing is) without moving the printhead. Change line 40 and 50 of your program they are like this. 4p) 'Advance paper 3 lines. 50 LPRINT CHR$(27) "a" CHR$(3) ; Now when you run the program the results will look like this.
  • Page 65 'Form feed. 50 LPRINT CHR$(12) ; Before you run the program, the paper so that the top of the sheet is even with the top of the ribbon guide on the print head, then turn the printer back on. If you don’t remember how to do this, review Chapter 2. When you run the program, the results will look like this: ’...
  • Page 66 Form feed commands CHANGING THE PAGE LENGTH You may have some computer forms that you wish to use with SR- lo/ 15 that are not 11 inches high. That’s no problem, because you can tell SR-lo/15 how high the forms are that you are using. There are two commands Form length commands Setthepage...
  • Page 67 After you have run this program, turn off the printer and adjust the top of form position. the page length will be reset to its normal setting (usually 11 inches). TOP AND BOTTOM Many programs that use a printer don’t keep track of where they are printing on the page.
  • Page 68 10 'Demo top and bottom margins 20 LPRINT CHR$(12) ; 'Form feed. 30 FOR I = 1 TO 150 40 LPRINT "This is line" I 50 NEXT I 60 LPRINT CHR$(12) ; 'Form feed. When you run this program it will print 150 lines right down the page and across the perforations.
  • Page 69 < ESC > “0” < ESC > “1” < ESC > “2” < ESC > “J” CHR$(n) < ESC > “j” CHR$(n) -c ESC > “a” CHR$(n) < ESC > “A” CHR$(n) < ESC > “2” < ESC > “3” CHR$(n) <...
  • Page 70 < ESC > “j”CHR$(n) CHR$( 12) < ESC > CHR$( 12) < ESC > “C” CHR$(n) < ESC > “C” CHR$(O) CHR$(n) < ESC > “R” CHR$(n) < ESC > “r” CHR$(n) < ESC > “N” CHR$(n) < ESC > “0” One-time reverse line feed of n/216 inch (for IBM mode) Form feed...

  • Page 71: Horizontal Tabs

    FORMATTING You have probably typewriter. SR-lo/15 also has tabs and margins that you can set. But it goes beyond the capabilities tabs that go across the page, called horizontal tabs, SR-lo/15 has verticaZ tabs that go down the page. In this chapter we will discover how to use: Horizontal tabs Vertical tabs Left and right margins...
  • Page 72 CHR$(9) is a problem with some computers. convert CHR$(9) to a group of spaces that act like a sort of pseudo-tab. This is fine if the computer and the printer have the same tab settings, but it doesn’t allow us to use our own tab settings on SR-10/15.

  • Page 73: Left And Right Margins

    Horizontal Function Advance to next tab position Set tabs at nl, n2, etc. One-time tab of n spaces If your computer Note: CHR$(98) for “b.” SETTING LEFT AND left SR-10/15’s typewriter-once they are set all the printing is done between them. The commands to set the margins are given in the following table: Left and right margin commands Function...

  • Page 74: Using Vertical Tabs

    The first thing that this program subroutine that starts in line 70. This subroutine in a row. The first time that the subroutine tit in one line. Then line 30 sets the left margin to 10, and line 40 sets the right margin to 70. Once again the subroutine is used, but this time the X’s won’t all fit on one line since there is now only room for 60 characters between the margins.
  • Page 75 Now, let’s set some vertical tabs of our own. Add. these lines to the program: 12 LPRINT CHR$(27) "P" CHR$(lfl) ; 14 LPRINT CHR$(2@) CHR$(4@) CHR$(50) CHR$(@) ; < ESC > “P” is the command to set vertical tabs for the STAR mode.
  • Page 76 This doesn’t confuse SR-10/15--it advances the paper to the next tab position which happens to be the first tab position next page. That’s nice, isn’t it? n A one-shot vertical tab command There’s a one-time vertical tab command the one-time horizontal CHR$(n), and it causes the paper to advance n lines.

  • Page 77: Special Features

    CHAPTER 8 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE SR-lo/15 In the previous chapters we have learned about several groups of control codes. In this chapter we will look at more control codes. These codes don’t fit neatly into any of the groupings that we have studied, but they add a lot of capability to SR-10/15.
  • Page 78 to remind an operator to change the paper or to make another adjustment to the printer. CHR$(7) will sound AppZe’s bell; the code will not be sent to SR-10/15. You can try this by typing: LPRINT CHR$(7); There are two other codes that affect the bell. One disables the bell, so that SR-lo/15 will ignore a CHR$(7), and the other turns the bell back on.
  • Page 79 for the code to go on-line again. CHR$( 19) is the code to turn SR-IO/l5 off-line; CHR$( 17) returns SR-lo/15 to on-line status. n Printing to the bottom of the sheet Sometimes when you are using sprocket paper you may want to print near the bottom of the last sheet.
  • Page 80 n Backspace, delete, and cancel text Backspace (CHR$@)) “backs up” the printhead can print two characters right on top of each other. SR- 1 O/ 15 receives a backspace it moves the printhead acter to the left, instead of to the right. You can strike over multiple letters by sending more than one backspace code.
  • Page 81 n Unidirectional printing Unidirectional printing one direction only. SR-lo/15 normally prints when the printhead is moving in both directions. But once in a while you may have an application where you are more concerned vertical lines align than with how fast it prints. you make this choice.
  • Page 82 again. Finally line 110 sends a form feed to advance the paper to the top of a new page, and then uses the master reset to restore SR-IO/l5 to the power-on condition. You can also set SR-lo/15 line only by using the command immediately moves the printhead prints the remainder of the line from left to right.
  • Page 83 n Block graphics characters and special symbols Besides the upper and lower case letters and symbols that we are by now familiar with, SR-IO/l5 has a whole different set of characters that are for special uses. These characters include block graphics characters for drawing forms and graphs, and special symbols for mathematical,...
  • Page 84 Figure 8-1. .:... 2(:)f3 < Figure 8-2. 15 1 111 2 (:l 1 ;is: !?’ ?(-)3...
  • Page 85 1 7 4 .<:: 2!34 --I-r L .J 4 - ?! c’...
  • Page 86 18 LPRINT CHR$(27) "9" 20 LPRINT CHR$(27) "6" FOR J = 3 TO 6 40 LPRINT " " J CHR$(J) " NEXT 60 LPRINT " 21 " CHR$(21) 70 LPRINT 80 FOR J = 128 TO 254 STEP 10 90 FOR I = J TO J + 9 95 IF I >...
  • Page 87 SR-IO/15 is a multi-lingual languages! SR-lo/15 changes languages by changing acters that are different for the different languages. These sets of characters are called international character sets. The control codes to select the international 8-5. The characters that change are shown beneath their ASCII code in Table 8-6.
  • Page 88 Macro instruction commands Function macro Define macro 18 LPRINT CHR$(27) "+"; OF MACRO 24) LPRINT CHR$(18); 30 LPRINT CHR$(27) "Wfl"; ' EXPANDED OFF 40 LPRINT CHR$(27) "F"; 50 LPRINT CHR$(27) "H"; 60 LPRINT CHR$(27) "-0"; ' UNDERLINE OFF 70 LPRINT CHR$(27) "T"; 80 LPRINT CHR$(3Q));...
  • Page 89 In this chapter we have learned many different commands that have many different uses. In the next chapter we will make up for this diversity-the whole chapter only covers three commands! But they are some of the most powerful that SR- lo/l5 offers. They give you the ability to create your own characters.

  • Page 91: Dot Matrix

    CHAPTER 9 CREATING YOUR OWN CHARACTERS In this chapter we’ll cover: Designing and printing your own characters Designing proportional characters In the previous four chapters of this manual you’ve learned how to control the SR- lO/ 15 printer to give you dozens of different typefaces.

  • Page 92: The Print Matrix

    The letter “C” is created by printing 15 dots. Figure 9-l. descenders (such as the lower case “p” shown) use the bottom seven pins. As the printhead direction-that’s what is meant by bi-directional printing) it prints one column of dots at a time. Each time a dot is supposed print an electromagnet inside the printhead causes the appropriate wire to strike the ribbon (making the SR-...
  • Page 93 But there is another area of memory in the SR-lo/15 reserved user-defined characters. These are characters that you design download into SR-10/15. defined they are stored in allows you to define or modify them at any time. Each of these characters, character ROM or in download which is six “boxes”...
  • Page 94 Figure 9-5. Later in this chapter we’ll use this character to create a small graph.) You’ll notice that Figure 9-4 includes a lot of information around the grid. Don’t be intimidated; as we come to it in our discussion of defining and actually printing download characters.
  • Page 95 character uses the top eight dots, write in a one next to the word “Descender” on the layout grid; if it uses the bottom eight dots, write in a zero. In our example, we’ll want the bottom of the flask to line up with the baseline of the other characters, so it will be a descender.
  • Page 96 btal Figure 9-6. Dots cannot overlap; those in immediately adjacent “half columns” will be ignored when the character is printed. n Add up each column of dots Now it’s time to give our creative side a break and get down to some basic arithmetic.
  • Page 97 value. Some examples will make this clearer. As shown in Figure 9-7, if we add the numbers for the dots that print in a column, the sum will be a number in the range of 0 to 255. Each number from O-255 represents a unique combination So add up the values of the dots in each column using this system.
  • Page 98 can define any positions except the defined control code positions. This means that once a character is defined and assigned a value (and the download character character on the printer the same way you would any standard character. You can send the character with the same ASCII value (for instance, if you had assigned your character a code of 66, it would print each time you sent a character “B”...
  • Page 99 Our chart would hardly be complete with just a picture of a chemist’s flask, so in Figure 9-9 we’ve made completed grids for some other symbols: an automobile mix of characters!). The information (except for proportional take up shortly). n Download character definition command You’ve read through a long explanation of download characters and we haven’t even told you the command syntax yet! Now the...
  • Page 100 We’ll be discussing proportional in this chapter; for now, we’ll leave it at 11. The descender data was discussed earlier: to use the top eight pins, this bit should be 1; to use the bottom 9-10 shows the bits of the attribute our flask character.
  • Page 101 10 LPRINT CHR$(27) "*" CHR$(l) CHR$(160) CHRS(162); 20 FOR N = 160 TO 162 30 FOR M = 0 TO 11 40 READ MM 50 LPRINT CHR$(MM); 60 NEXT M 70 NEXT N 80 LPRINT 90 DATA 139,2,5,8,241,0,0,241,8,5,2,0 100 DATA 139,124,0,66,4,64,36,16,2,16,12,0 110 DATA 139,46,16,2,60,0,48,0,48,0,48,0 When you run this program, That’s OK.
  • Page 102 Voila! It should have printed out the three characters we de- fined. Your printout should look like this: (If it doesn’t, check the last program we ran for errors, then rerun it.) Let’s find out if there are any other characters in the download RAM.
  • Page 103 140 LPRINT ESC$ "$1"; 150 LPRINT wAutos" TB$; 164) FOR I=.4 TO 9.3 STEP .4 : LPRINT CHR$(161); : NEXT 170 LPRINT 180 LPRINT "Chemicals" TB$; 190 FOR I=.4 TO 8.7 STEP .4 : LPRINT CHR$(160); : NEXT 200 LPRINT 210 LPRINT "Guns"...
  • Page 104 ERASING DOWNLOAD After you have defined a set of characters phabet, perhaps) you may want to go back to using standard characters with a few new user-defined characters mixed Rather than turning SR-lo/15 current settings, including download a command which will restore the default command copies all the characters from the standard character ROM into download...
  • Page 105 These download characters are defined as proportional Figure 9-12. characters. attribute byte, m0. As you know, the first bit of mO is used to specify whether the character is a descender or not. three bits are used to specify the starting print column (acceptable values are 0 to 7).
  • Page 106 10 FOR N=l TO 4 20 READ Nl 30 LPRINT CHR$(27) "*" CHR$(l) CHR$(Nl) CHR$(Nl); 40 FOR M=@ TO 11 50 READ MM 60 LPRINT CHR$(MM); 70 NEXT M 80 NEXT N Mississippi" 90 LPRINT " 100 LPRINT 110 LPRINT "Standard characters without proportional spacing"...
  • Page 107 One thing to remember about defining proportional a character cannot be wider than the specified width. That seems obvious enough! For example, if you specify a width of 6 for a character (starting in column seventh through eleventh columns of dots (if you specified any) will not print.
  • Page 108 In the program that follows, we’ve used this technique to create some large numbers. Each digit is actually made up of four characters-two horizontally course, that you must define and print four characters for each finished digit. We assigned the upper left quadrant to ASCII codes from 160 to 169, the upper right quadrant codes 170 to 179, and so on.
  • Page 109 130 READ MS 140 PRINT i/l, CHR$(MS); 150 NEXT S 160 NEXT I 170 ' 180 ASCII = 160 CHARACTERS 190 FOR NUM = 0 TO 9 200 NUMERAL.TOP$(NUM) = CHR$(ASCII + 0) + CHR$(ASCII + 1) 214) NUMERAL.BOT$(NUM) = CHR$(ASCII + 2) + CHR$(ASCII + 3) 2241 ASCII = ASCII + 4 230 NEXT NUM...
  • Page 110 500 DATA 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 32, 64, 32, 64, 32 510 DATA 11, 68, 42, 68., 58, 68, 50, 68, 34, 64, 2, 520 DATA 11, 8, 0, 12, 0, 28, 2, 12, 2, 4, 2, 4 530 DATA 11, 2, 4, 2, 12, 144, 108, 144, 104, 144, 96, 128 540 'FOUR...
  • Page 111 :’ 810 DATA 11, 192, 0, 192, 0, 194, 32, 222, 32, 94, 32, 30 820 DATA 11, 12, 0, 28, 0, 142, 0, 198, 0, 198, 0, 830 DATA 11, 0, 206, 0, 156, 0, 248, 0, 240, 0, 224, 840 'SPACE 850 DATA 11, SUMMARY...
  • Page 113 CHAPTER 10 PRINTING WITH DOT GRAPHICS Subjects covered in this chapter include: SR-10/15’s bit image graphics capabilities Printing a pre-defined shape Plotting a calculated shape High resolution graphics In Chapter 9 you were introduced graphics; you were able to actually define characters dot by dot. In this chapter you’ll learn to use the same principles to make SR- lo/ 15 print whole pages of dot graphics! We’ll show you how to use dot graphics to create “super download.
  • Page 114 (if you’re not sure which type of interface your computer check the appendix for your computer). So when do you use graphics and when do you use download characters? Practically anything can do with download grammer could actually plot a mathematical load characters or use strings of graphics data as user-defined characters.
  • Page 115 it’s possible to have a graphics image as wide as 480 dots on SR-10 or 816 dots on SR- 15. So to figure out how many columns of graphics data to expect, SR-lo/15 multiplies n2 by 256 and adds the value of nl. If you divide the number of columns by 256, then n2 is the quotient and nl is the remainder (why not let your computer...
  • Page 116 (nit used) Figure 10-l. Starting with the most significant of the print head is assigned a value which is a power of two. Note that for 7-bit computers, the top pin cannot be used. A short program should demonstrate graphics command. The program below gave us this printout: -- __._- ----““.- .-__,...
  • Page 117 n Combining text and graphics It’s also possible to mix text and graphics in one line. This can be useful for labeling charts or graphs, or even inserting fancy graphics in text. Try adding these lines to our program: 45 PRINT #l,"WOW!" ; 85 PRINT #l,"This is great!"...
  • Page 118 32, etc.) down the left side of each row. Then after you’ve filled in the “dots” that you want to print, it’s time to get out the old calculator again! Just as you did with download characters, add up the values of each column of dots; this makes up one byte. In the program below, we’ve taken the logo graphics infor- mation and put it into BASIC DATA statements.
  • Page 119 60 GRAPHICS = CHR$(27)+CHR$(75) 70 DIM LOG0$(4) 80 WIDTH "LPT1:",255 ' READ DATA 100 FOR ROW = 1 TO 4 110 FOR COLUMN = 1 TO 100 120 READ P 130 LOGO$(ROW) = LOGO$(ROW) + CHR$(P) 140 NEXT COLUMN 150 NEXT ROW 160 ' PRINT LOGO 170 LPRINT LINE.8$;...
  • Page 120 500 DATA 252,255,255,255,127,63,31,7,7,31 510 DATA 254,252,248,224,128,0,0,3,7,7 520 DATA 7,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 530 DATA 0,31,31,3,129,128,192,192,192,192 540 DATA 192,224,224,224,224,240,255,255,255,255 550 DATA 255,127,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 560 'ROW4 570 DATA 0,248,248,240,224,224,112,112,56,56 580 DATA 56,56,56,120,120,240,240,224,224,192 590 DATA 128,0,0,0,0,0,192,224,240,240 600 DATA 240,248,248,248,120,120,56,56,56,56 610 DATA 48,112,224,224,224,224,240,240,248,248 620 DATA 120,120,56,56,56,56,120,240,224,224 192,128,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 630 DATA 640 DATA 0,248,248,240,224,224,112,112,56,56 650 DATA 56,56,56,120,120,240,240,224,224,192 660 DATA 128,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0...
  • Page 121 and SR-lo/15 plotting the output, you can come up with some terrific business graphs, charts, and mathematical The best way to do this is to set up an array in memory. This is your “graph paper.” The first thing to do is to determine how big you want your output to be;...
  • Page 122 270 ' 280 'Subroutine to draw a line from Xl,Yl to X2,Y2. 290 ' XL = x2 - xl 310 NX = ABS(XL*LXFAC) : NY = ABS(YL*LYFAC) 320 IF NX < NY THEN NX = NY NS% = INT(NX+l) DX = XL/NS% FOR 1% = 1 TO NS% Xl = Xl + DX GOSUB 400...
  • Page 123 you need to change are the values in line 40. The array MASK% contains the values of the dots. (In order to make this program run on the most computers, we’re using only six pins for graphics. With many computers, lines 90 and 100 we’ve defined some other variables you’ll be interested in: LX, LXFAC, LY, and LYFAC are used as scaling factors.
  • Page 124 at a time. The variable A$ is used to build a string of all the columns of BIT% in a given row. As you can see, by taking the program analyzing it, graphics programming If you want to try some other plots, try these (replace lines after 600 with the lines below).
  • Page 125 HIGH RESOLUTION Up until now all of the dot graphics printing we have done has been with SR-10/15’s normal density mode. This can give you some pretty sharp images at great speed. Sometimes though, you may want to create an image with even higher resolution. SR- lo/l5 has seven graphics modes you can use;...
  • Page 126 Dot graphics commands Note: If your computer CHR$(103), CHR$(121), spectively. Table 10-2 or < ESC > “*” CHR$(3) does not support lowercase characters, and CHR$(122) for “g”, “y”, and “z”, re-...
  • Page 127 ‘x-- Double density graphics ‘. Double density/double speed Quadruple density graphics ---.
  • Page 128 So if quadruple density looks so great, why not use it all the time? Let’s try an experiment just how the different program in this chapter, change line 60 to try each of the different modes. Just change the “CHR$(75)” + CHR$(2), “g”...
  • Page 129 Star’s engineers have given programmers program development graphics. Although this mode requires just as much memory and computing time as double density, it prints at the same speed as normal density graphics. Amazing, you say? Well, it is-until you know the secret. Every other column of dots is ignored, so the output is actually the same as normal density graphics.
  • Page 130 < ESC > ‘2” nl n2 ml m2... Print quadruple density graphics (for < ESC > “g” n0 nl n2 ml m2... < ESC > 3” n0 nl n2 ml m2... IBM mode) Master graphics selection (for STAR mode) Master graphics selection (for IBM mode)

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