Pasco Scientific ME-6830 Instruction Manual
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Pasco Scientific ME-6830 Instruction Manual

Ballistic pendulum /projectile launcher
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Includes
Instruction Manual and
012-05375B
Teacher's Notes
2/99
and
Experiment Guide for the
Typical
Experiment Results
PASCO scientific Model
ME-6830/ME-6831
Ballistic Pendulum /
Projectile Launcher
© 1993 PASCO scientific
$10.00

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Summary of Contents for Pasco Scientific ME-6830

  • Page 1 Includes Instruction Manual and 012-05375B Teacher's Notes 2/99 Experiment Guide for the Typical Experiment Results PASCO scientific Model ME-6830/ME-6831 Ballistic Pendulum / Projectile Launcher © 1993 PASCO scientific $10.00...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    012-05375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Table of Contents Section Page Copyright, Warranty, and Equipment Return ........... ii Introduction ...................... 1 Equipment ......................2 General Operation Of The Projectile Launcher ..........3 Theory of operation for Ballistic Pendulum ............. 4 Installation Of The Optional Photogate Bracket ..........6 Installing the 2-Dimensional Collision Attachment .........

  • Page 4: Copyright, Warranty And Equipment Return

    AUTHORIZATION. Limited Warranty When returning equipment for repair, the units must be PASCO scientific warrants the product to be free from packed properly. Carriers will not accept responsibility defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one for damage caused by improper packing. To be certain year from the date of shipment to the customer.

  • Page 5: Introduction

    Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Introduction ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ IMPORTANT: Experimental results can be The PASCO ME-6830/ME-6831 Ballistic Pendulum/ Projectile Launcher (BPPL) has been designed for further improved by making sure that the ball does projectile experiments and demonstrations as well as the not stick to the blue vibration damping ring prior to classic Ballistic Pendulum experiments.

  • Page 6: Equipment

    Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B Equipment The following is a description of the equipment that is In addition, the ME-6830 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile included with various models of the Ballistic Pendulum/ Launcher includes: Projectile Launcher. • Short Range Launcher The ME-6831 Ballistic Pendulum includes the following: •...

  • Page 7: General Operation Of The Projectile Launcher

    012-05375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher General Operation of the Projectile Launcher ➀ ➀ ➀ ➀ ➀ Ready - Always wear safety goggles when you are in a room - Remove the ramrod and place it back in its storage where the Projectile Launcher is being used. place on the base.

  • Page 8: Theory Of Operation For Ballistic Pendulum

    Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B Ballistic Pendulum - Theory Overview ΔPE = MgR (1 – cos θ) The ballistic pendulum is a classic method of determining Here R is the distance from the pivot point to the center the velocity of a projectile. It is also a good demonstra- of mass of the pendulum/ball system.
  • Page 9 012-05375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Exact Method These two angular momenta are equal to each other, so: The potential energy is found in a way identical to the ν = 2IMg R (1 – cosθ) way shown previously: Solve for v: ΔPE = MgR (1 –...

  • Page 10: Installation Of The Optional Photogate Bracket

    Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B Installing the Photogate Mounting Bracket ➂ The PASCO Model ME-6821 Photogate Mounting Slide the Photogate Mounting Bracket to the desired Bracket is an optional accessory to the PASCO Projectile position and tighten the thumbscrew to secure. Launchers.

  • Page 11: Installing The 2-Dimensional Collision Attachment

    012-05375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Installing the 2-Dimensional Collision Attachment square Introduction The two dimensional collision attachment consists of 2 screws, 2 nuts, and a flat plastic bar. It is used with the Projectile Launcher to hold a second ball in front of the thumb nut muzzle so the launched ball will collide with the second ball, creating a 2-dimensional collision.
  • Page 12 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B ®...

  • Page 13: Experiments 1. Projectile Motion

    012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Experiment 1: Projectile Motion EQUIPMENT NEEDED: - Projectile Launcher and plastic ball - Plumb bob - meter stick - carbon paper - white paper Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to predict and verify the range of a ball launched at an angle. The initial velocity of the ball is determined by launching it horizontally and measuring the range and the height of the launcher.
  • Page 14 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B Procedure Part A: Determining the Initial Velocity of the Ball ➀ Put the plastic ball into the Projectile Launcher and cock it to the long range position. Launch one ball to locate where the ball hits the floor. At this position, tape a piece of white paper to the floor.
  • Page 15 012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Table 1.1 Determining the Initial Velocity Vertical distance = _____________ Horizontal distance to paper edge = ____________ Calculated time of flight = _________ Initial velocity = _______________ Trial Number Distance Average Total Distance Table 1.2 Confirming the Predicted Range Angle above horizontal = ______________ Horizontal distance to paper edge = ____________ Calculated time of flight = _____________...
  • Page 16 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B ®...

  • Page 17: Projectile Motion Using Photogates

    012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Experiment 2: Projectile Motion Using Photogates EQUIPMENT NEEDED - Projectile Launcher and plastic ball -Photogate Mounting Bracket - (2) Photogate Heads - computer - plumb bob - meter stick - carbon paper - white paper Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to predict and verify the range of a ball launched at an angle.
  • Page 18 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B Table 2.1 Initial Speed Trial Number Time Average Time Initial Speed PART B: Predicting the Range of the Ball Launched at an Angle ➀ Keep the angle of the Projectile Launcher at the chosen angle. ➁ Measure the vertical distance from the bottom of the ball as it leaves the barrel (this position is marked on the side of the barrel) to the floor.
  • Page 19 012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Table 2.2 Confirming the Predicted Range Angle above horizontal = ______________ Horizontal distance to paper edge = ____________ Calculated time of flight= ____________ Predicted Range = ____________ Trial Number Distance Average Total Distance ®...
  • Page 20 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B ®...

  • Page 21: Projectile Range Versus Angle

    012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Experiment 3: Projectile Range Versus Angle EQUIPMENT NEEDED - Projectile Launcher and plastic ball - plumb bob - measuring tape or meter stick - carbon paper - box to make elevation same as muzzle - white paper - graph paper Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to find how the range of the ball depends on the angle at...
  • Page 22 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B Setup ➀ Clamp the Projectile Launcher to a sturdy table near one end of the table with the launcher aimed so the ball will land on the table. ➁ Adjust the angle of the Projectile Launcher to ten degrees.
  • Page 23 012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher LAUNCHING OFF THE TABLE Aim the Projectile Launcher so the ball will hit the floor. Repeat the procedure and record the data in Table 3.2. Table 3.2 Launching off the Table onto the Floor Angle Average Paper Dist.
  • Page 24 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B ®...

  • Page 25: Projectile Path

    012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Experiment 4: Projectile Path EQUIPMENT NEEDED - Projectile Launcher and plastic ball - measuring tape or meter stick - carbon paper - white paper - movable vertical target board (Must reach from floor to muzzle) - graph paper Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to find how the vertical distance the ball drops is related to the horizontal distance the ball travels when the ball is launched horizontally from a table.
  • Page 26 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B Procedure ➀ Measure the vertical height from the floor to the muzzle and record in Table 4.1. Mark this height on the target. ➁ Measure the horizontal distance from the muzzle of the Projectile Launcher to the target and record in Table 4.1.
  • Page 27 012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Table 4.2 Initial Speed Slope of graph Initial speed from slope Time of flight Initial speed from x, y Percent Difference Questions ➀ Was the line straight? What does this tell you about the relationship between y and x? ➁...
  • Page 28 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B ®...

  • Page 29: Conservation Of Energy

    012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Experiment 5: Conservation of Energy EQUIPMENT NEEDED - Projectile Launcher and plastic ball - plumb bob - measuring tape or meter stick - white paper - carbon paper - (optional) 2 Photogate Heads and Photogate Mounting Bracket Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to show that the kinetic energy of a ball launched straight up is transformed into potential energy.
  • Page 30 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B ➂ Adjust the angle of the Projectile Launcher to zero degrees so the ball will be launched horizon- tally. Procedure PART I: Determining the Initial Velocity of the Ball (without photogates) ➀ Put the plastic ball into the Projectile Launcher and cock it to the medium range position. Fire one shot to locate where the ball hits the floor.
  • Page 31 012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Table 5.1 Determining the Initial Velocity without Photogates Vertical distance = ______________ Calculated time of flight= ____________ Horizontal distance to paper edge = ____________ Initial velocity = ______________ Trial Number Distance Average Total Distance Table 5.2 Initial Speed Using Photogates TRIAL NUMBER TIME AVERAGE TIME...
  • Page 32 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B Measuring the Height ➀ Adjust the angle of the launcher to 90 degrees (straight up). ➁ Launch the ball on the medium range setting several times and measure the maximum height attained by the ball. Record in Table 5.3. ➂...

  • Page 33: Conservation Of Momentum In Two Dimensions

    012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Experiment 6: Conservation of Momentum In Two Dimensions EQUIPMENT NEEDED - Projectile Launcher and 2 plastic balls - plumb bob - meter stick - protractor - butcher paper - tape to make collision inelastic - stand to hold ball - carbon paper Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to show that the momentum is conserved in two dimensions...
  • Page 34 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B Also, when energy is conserved, the paths of two balls (of equal mass) after the collision will be at right angles to each other. ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ NOTE: For best results, see the notes on "Repeatable Results" in the Introduction. Setup ➀...
  • Page 35 012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Analysis ➀ Draw lines from the point-of-contact spot to the centers of the groups of dots. There will be five lines. ➁ Measure the lengths of all five lines and record on the paper. Since the time of flight is the same for all paths, these lengths are proportional to the corresponding horizontal velocities.
  • Page 36 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B Questions ➀ Was momentum conserved in the x-direction for each type of collision? ➁ Was momentum conserved in the y-direction for each type of collision? ➂ Was energy conserved for the elastic collision? ➃ Was energy conserved for the inelastic collision? ➄...

  • Page 37: Varying Angle To Maximize Height On A Wall

    012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Experiment 7: Varying Angle To Maximize Height on a Wall EQUIPMENT NEEDED - Projectile Launcher and plastic ball - plumb bob - measuring tape or meter stick - carbon paper - white paper - board to protect wall Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to find the launch angle which will maximize the height on a vertical wall for a ball launched at a fixed horizontal distance from the wall.
  • Page 38 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B ➂ Test fire the ball (on the long range setting) a few times to find approximately what angle gives the maximum height on the wall. (NOTE: In general, this experiment will not work as well on the short range setting because the muzzle velocity is more variable with change in angle.) ➃...

  • Page 39: Ballistic Pendulum Approximate Method

    012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Experiment 8: Projectile Velocity—Approximate Method EQUIPMENT NEEDED: - launcher - Steel ball - C-clamp (optional) - Mass balance - string Purpose: The muzzle velocity of the projectile launcher is determined by launching the ball into the pendu- lum and observing the angle to which the pendulum swings.
  • Page 40 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B String loop R cm Figure 8.1 ➅ Replace the pendulum in the base, making sure that it is facing the right way. Be sure that the angle indicator is to the right of the pendulum rod. ➆...

  • Page 41: Ballistic Pendulum Exact Method

    012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Experiment 9: Projectile Velocity—Exact Method EQUIPMENT NEEDED: - Projectile Launcher and steel ball - C-clamp (optional) - Mass Balance - string - ruler - stopwatch Purpose: The muzzle velocity of the projectile launcher is determined by launching the ball into the pendu- lum and observing the angle to which the pendulum swings.
  • Page 42 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B ➆ Replace the pendulum in the base, making sure that it is String loop facing the right way. Be sure that the angle indicator is to the right of the pendulum rod. ➇ Remove the launcher so that the pendulum can swing freely. R cm With the ball in the pendulum, give it an initial displacement of 5°...

  • Page 43: Demo: Do 30⋅ And 60⋅ Give Same Range

    012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Experiment 10 (Demo): Do 30° and 60° Give the Same Range? EQUIPMENT NEEDED - Projectile Launcher and steel ball - box to make elevation same as muzzle Purpose The purpose of this demonstration is to show that the range of a ball launched at 30⋅ is the same as one launched at 60⋅...
  • Page 44 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B Procedure ➀ Launch the ball at 30 degrees to demonstrate that the ball lands on the box. ➁ Change the angle of the launcher to 60 degrees and launch the ball again. Call attention to the fact that the ball again lands on the box.

  • Page 45: Horizontally At Different Speeds

    012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Experiment 11 (Demo): Simultaneously Launch Two Balls Horizontally at Different Speeds EQUIPMENT NEEDED - (2) Projectile Launchers and (2) plastic balls Purpose The purpose of this demonstration is to show that regardless of the initial speed of the balls launched horizontally off a table, the balls will hit the floor at the same time.
  • Page 46 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B ®...

  • Page 47: Demo: Shoot Through Hoops

    012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Experiment 12 (Demonstration): Launching Through Hoops EQUIPMENT NEEDED - Projectile Launcher and plastic ball -5 ring clamps on stands - (2) Photogates - Photogate Mounting Bracket - 2-meter stick Purpose The purpose of this demonstration is to show that the path of a ball launched horizontally from a table is parabolic.
  • Page 48 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B ➂ Lay the 2-meter stick on the floor in a straight line away from the launcher. Remove the back mounting screw from the launcher base so the back of the launcher can be rotated upward. Look through the back of the launcher and align the sights and the end of the 2m stick so the 2m stick is aligned with the path of the ball.

  • Page 49: Demo: Elastic / Inelastic Collisions

    012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Experiment 13: (Demonstration): Elastic and In- elastic Collisions EQUIPMENT NEEDED: - Projectile Launcher - plastic or steel ball - Ballistic Pendulum Purpose The purpose of this demonstration is to show the difference in kinetic energy transfer between an elastic and an inelastic collision.

  • Page 50: Teachers Guide

    Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B Teachers Guide Experiment 1: Projectile Motion Procedure ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ NOTE: For best results, make sure that the projectile launcher is clamped securely to a firm table. Any movement of the gun will result in inconsistent data. A) The muzzle velocity of the gun tested for this manual was 6.5 m/s (Short range launcher at maximum setting, nylon ball) B) To find the range at the chosen angle, it is necessary to solve the quadratic equation given in...
  • Page 51 012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Experiment 3: Projectile Range Versus Angle Procedure Launching off a level surface: Angle (degrees) Launching off a table: Angle (degrees) ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ NOTE: The curves shown are for the calculated ranges in each case. The data points are the actual measured ranges.
  • Page 52 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B Experiment 4: Projectile Path Analysis ➀ Alternately, measure your distances from the ground up. ➂ Vertical distances measured from the ground up for this graph. The intercept is the height of the launcher above ground when done this way. 0.25 0.15 0.05...
  • Page 53 012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Experiment 5: Conservation of Energy Analysis ➀ Using the photogate method, we found that the initial speed of the ball was 4.93 m/s. (Nylon ball, short range launcher at medium setting) The ball mass was 9.6 g, so our total kinetic energy was 0.117 J.
  • Page 54 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B Analysis ➀ The initial velocity should be close to the initial velocity determined by other methods. You may wish to determine the initial velocity by the method in lab 1, and use that value in your calculations for the rest of this experiment.
  • Page 55 012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Experiment 8: Projectile Velocity—Approximate Method Procedure ➁ The exact mass used is not critical. Pick a value that gives a fairly large swing for best results. ➄ With the steel ball and extra masses on the pendulum, the balance point will be somewhere on the catcher block itself.
  • Page 56 Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher 012-05375B ®...

  • Page 57: Technical Support

    012-5375B Ballistic Pendulum/Projectile Launcher Technical Support Feedback Contacting Technical Support If you have any comments about the product or manual, Before you call the PASCO Technical Support staff, it please let us know. If you have any suggestions on would be helpful to prepare the following information: alternate experiments or find a problem in the manual, ➤...

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Me-6831

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