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Related Manuals for Pasco Scientific Pasport PS-2138
Summary of Contents for Pasco Scientific Pasport PS-2138
- Page 1 Instruction Manual No. 012-08904A Goniometer PS-2138, PS-2137...
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Page 2: Table Of Contents
Goniometer Model No. PS-2138 Contents Introduction ............3 Probe Mounting . -
Page 3: Introduction
Model No. PS-2138 Goniometer Goniometer PS-2137, PS-2138 Angle Sensor Probe Equipment Included Part Number Probe PS-2138 Mounting straps (two small, one large) PS-2547 Angle Sensor (included in PS-2137 only) PS-2139 Model PS-2137 includes probe, straps and angle sensor; model PS-2138 includes probe and straps only. Required or Optional Equipment PASPORT Interface (required) See PASCO catalog or www.pasco.com... -
Page 4: Probe Mounting
Goniometer Probe Mounting Probe (included) or with an optional second probe to measure two joints simultaneously. You can use multiple sensors together to support even more probes. The probe is easily attached to the body using the included hook-and-loop mounting straps. The Goniometer Probe consists of two arms and a potentiometer. -
Page 5: Sensor Setup
Model No. PS-2138 Sensor Setup Knee Place the large strap around the thigh just above the knee. Place a small strap around the upper part of the calf (combine both small straps end-to-end if necessary). Bend the knee at a right angle. Align the probe’s hinge with the knee. -
Page 6: Suggested Activities
Goniometer Suggested Activities Angular acceleration is the change between consecutive velocity calculations divided by the time between samples. The Goniometer is very sensitive to small variations in the angular velocity, so you may see a lot of variation in angular acceleration. To make the angular acceleration data easier for students to interpret, use the smooth function (in DataStudio) or reduce/smooth averaging (Xplorer GLX). - Page 7 Model No. PS-2138 Suggested Activities thrown objects using Photogate Tape (ME-6664), a Photogate (ME-9204B) and a Digital Adapter (PS-2159). Collect data from two or more joints simultaneously while walking, running, jumping, throwing, kicking, etc. How do the joints work together when performing these actions? Oscillations Collect data for the following:...
- Page 8 Goniometer Suggested Activities ®...
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Page 9: Experiment
Model No. PS-2138 Goniometer Experiment In this activity you will rotate your arm about your elbow and investigate how the position, velocity and acceleration of your hand relate to the angle, angular velocity and angular acceleration of your arm. Equipment Part Number Goniometer Probe PS-2138... - Page 10 Goniometer Experiment 4. Place a pen in your hand (as shown) so that you will draw on the board while keeping the back of your hand closest to the board. 5. Have a partner mark the location of your elbow on the board, and measure the distance from your elbow to the pen.
- Page 11 Model No. PS-2138 Experiment Analysis 1) Look at the graph of Angle vs. Time. According to the graph, what angle in radians did you trace out on the board? Arc Angle = 2) When measured in radians, the arc angle (θ) is the ratio of the arc length (s) to radius (r).
- Page 12 Goniometer Experiment Part 2: Tangential Velocity vs. Angular Velocity When you rotate your forearm about the elbow, your hand does not move in a straight line, but it always moves in a direction perpendicular to your forearm. This direction is described as tangential. As you rotate your arm, the magnitude of your hand’s tangential velocity ) equals the change in the arc length traced by your hand (∆s) divided by the change in time (∆t)
- Page 13 Model No. PS-2138 Experiment 3. Mount the Motion Sensor in front of you at shoulder level and about 60 cm from your chest. 4. Hold your arm (as shown in the picture) so that your forearm will rotate in a horizontal plane with your hand in front of the Motion Sensor.
- Page 14 Goniometer Experiment , ω and slope. Does 4) Write the equation of the best-fit line in terms of v the relationship represented by this equation support the prediction that you made earlier? 5) What physical quantity is represented by the slope? Measure this quantity directly and compare it to the value of slope.
- Page 15 Model No. PS-2138 Experiment Part 3: Centripetal and Tangential Accelerations When your forearm rotates about your elbow the velocity of your hand is entirely in the tangential direction, but the acceleration is not. There are two components to the acceleration of your hand: tangential (perpendicular to your forearm), and centripetal (parallel to your forearm.) You will use the Acceleration Sensor to measure both components.
- Page 16 Goniometer Experiment Left Right 4. Hold the Acceleration Sensor in your hand with the sensor's X-axis parallel to your forearm and pointing toward your elbow, and the Y-axis orthogonal to your forearm and pointing in the direction that your hand moves when you flex your elbow (as shown in the picture). 5.
- Page 17 Model No. PS-2138 Experiment Analysis In this analysis, use units of m/s/s or m/s for acceleration, rad/s for angular velocity, and rad/s/s or rad/s for angular acceleration. Tangential Acceleration 1) Look at graphs of Angular Acceleration vs. Time and Tangential Acceleration vs.
- Page 18 Goniometer Experiment Centripetal Acceleration 5) Look at graphs of Angular Velocity vs. Time and Centripetal Acceleration vs. Time together.* How are the graphs related? *Centripetal Acceleration is measured by the sensor as “Acceleration, X.” 6) The Acceleration Sensor was oriented so that acceleration toward the elbow was measured as positive.
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Page 19: Experiment Teachers' Notes And Sample Data
Model No. PS-2138 Experiment Teachers' Notes and Sample Data Experiment Teachers' Notes and Sample Data Part 1 In this example r = 0.38 m. 1) Arc Angle, θ = 1.42 rad 2) s = r θ = (0.38 m) (1.42 rad) = 0.54 m, theoretical 3) s = 0.57 m, actual 4) In this example the theoretical and actual values of s differ by 5%. - Page 20 Goniometer Experiment Teachers' Notes and Sample Data 2) The graph of Velocity vs. Angular Velocity shows a directly proportional, linear relationship. 3) In this example slope = 0.333 m ± 0.005 m = slope × ω 4) v = (0.333 m) ω This equation supports the prediction.
- Page 21 Model No. PS-2138 Experiment Teachers' Notes and Sample Data 2) In this example, the slope of the best fit line is 0.29 m ± 0.01 m. = slope × α 3) a = (0.29 m) α This equation supports the prediction. 4) Slope is equal to r.
- Page 22 Goniometer Experiment Teachers' Notes and Sample Data 7) When ω was negative, a was positive, therefor the centripetal acceleration was toward the elbow. versus ω is a parabola. Though the data 8) In theory, the graph of a contains a lot of scatter, that relationship is evident in the collected data.
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Page 23: Other Sample Data
Model No. PS-2138 Other Sample Data experiment, and consider how these factors contribute to precision and accuracy of the collected data. Other Sample Data Simple Harmonic Motion of the leg rotating about the hip, dangling freely and oscillating at its natural frequency, with the knee unbent (top) and bent (bottom). - Page 24 Goniometer Other Sample Data Hip angle while waking at a normal pace (top) and walking quickly (bottom). Note the difference in frequency and amplitude. The angle (top) and angular velocity (bottom) of the hip while walking. The maximum slope of the angle plot is about 1.9 rad/s, equal to the maximum value of angular velocity.
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Page 25: Safety
Specifications laboratories and are not sold for profit. Reproduction under any other PS-2138 Goniometer Probe used with circumstances, without the written consent PS-2139 Angle Sensor and a PASPORT of PASCO scientific, is prohibited. interface. Limited Warranty Range -170°–170° Accuracy ±1° calibrated For a description of the product ±3°...