This manual discusses the modules and peripherals of the automotive-qualified AEC-Q100, Grade 3 bq34210-Q1 fuel gauge, and how each is used to build a complete battery pack fuel gauge solution. For further information, refer to the bq34210-Q1 Automotive 1-Series Cell System-Side CEDV Fuel Gauge for Rarely Discharged Batteries Data Sheet (SLUSCG1).
SLUUBE8 – September 2018 General Description The bq34210-Q1 fuel gauge incorporates gas gauging and an End-of-Service (EOS) Determination function to use with a 1-series Li-Ion or Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) rechargeable cell or a Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) based pack with a configuration of 3-series cells.
The main charge counter, RemainingCapacity() (RC) register, represents the available capacity or energy in the battery at any given time. The bq34210-Q1 device adjusts RC for charge, self-discharge, and other compensation factors. The information in the RC register is accessible through the I C interface.
FCC cannot be reduced by more than 256 mAh or increased by more than 512 mAh during any single update cycle. If [FCC_LIMIT] is set in CEDV Gauging Configuration, then FCC cannot learn above the Design Capacity mAh. The bq34210-Q1 device saves the new FCC value to the data memory within 4 s of being updated.
The bq34210-Q1 device performs EDV-based RC adjustments with current ≥ C/32. No EDVs are set if current < C/32. The bq34210-Q1 device adjusts RC as it detects each threshold. If the voltage threshold is reached before the corresponding capacity on discharge, the bq34210-Q1 device reduces RC to the...
Self-Discharge Rate = %PERDAY/0.0025 1.1.8 Battery Electronic Load Compensation The bq34210-Q1 device can be configured to compensate for a constant load (as from battery electronics) present in the battery pack at all times. The bq34210-Q1 device applies the compensation continuously when the charge or discharge is below the digital filter.
1.1.9 Initial Battery Capacity at Device Reset The bq34210-Q1 device estimates the initial capacity of a battery pack at device reset, which is the case when battery cells are first attached to the application circuit. The initial FullChargeCapacity() (FCC) is a direct copy of the ROM CEDV profile parameter Full Charge Capacity.
Smoothing to EDV0 if calculated EDV2/EDV1 is less than EDV0. The bq34210-Q1 device can also add smoothing during charging. In situations when the FCC is not updated during a discharge cycle or on a subsequent charge cycle, if the valid charge termination is reached, RSOC is synced to 100% regardless of the true RSOC.
CC Deadband. In periods when the bq34210-Q1 device is in SLEEP mode, the Accumulated Charge integration includes an estimate of the charge integrated based on analysis of the periodic measured current.
Learning cycles are coordinated by the bq34210-Q1 device with the host, which enables and disables the learning load. LEN or LLEN is used to denote the Learning Load Enable function. The EOS Determination function is enabled when [EOS_EN] in ManufacturingStatus() = 1.
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1.3.3.4 Learn Discharge Phase After achieving relaxation, the bq34210-Q1 device next enters the Learn Discharge Phase, whereby the device enables the Learn Discharge Current (depending on the [LENCTL] setting), sets the [LDSG] flag, and begins the timer.
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ALERT interrupt to see the [LCTLEDGE] signal and enable the Learn Discharge Current. If the bq34210-Q1 device does not detect a valid current within a time period of Learn Request Timeout after setting [LDSG], then the device will set [LFAULT], delay a time given by Auto Learn Retry Time, and then initiate a new learning phase.
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1.3.3.5 Learn Post-Relax Phase After the Learn Discharge Phase completes, the bq34210-Q1 device will disable the learning current and enter the Learn Post-Relax Phase, whereby the device again waits for relaxation of the cell, during which Voltage() is monitored for 100-s time windows. While in this phase, the device sets the [LRLX] flag. If the change in the consecutive 100-s averages of Voltage() is less than 4 µV, then relaxation is deemed...
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The bq34210-Q1 device will set the [RCELLR] flag if a reduction in the value of Rcell of more than 2% is detected.
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If the system designer is concerned about the power drawn by the bq34210-Q1 timer, another option is for the system to power up the bq34210-Q1 device, maintain power long enough for the device to complete two learning phases and calculate a valid RRate value for evaluation.
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It then initiates the next learning cycle for the next initial learn pulse. However, if the Learn Voltage Restore is set = 0, then the bq34210-Q1 device will wait for the cell to be charged back after the Learn Post-Relax Phase is complete, but will immediately complete the learning cycle and initiate a new learning cycle for the next initial learn pulse.
NI_DV = When set, the device performs primary charge termination using the –ΔVt algorithm. See Charging and Charge Termination. WAKE_EN, WK_TH1, These bits configure the current wake function. See the bq34210-Q1 Automotive 1-Series Cell WK_TH0 = System-Side CEDV Fuel Gauge for Rarely Discharged Batteries Data Sheet (SLUSCG1) for threshold values. External Pin Functions 2.2.1 Wake-Up Comparator...
Battery Condition Warnings 2.4.1 Battery Low Warning The bq34210-Q1 device can indicate, and optionally trigger an alert signal, when the battery voltage falls below a programmable threshold. This feature is disabled if Battery Low Time is set to 0. NOTE: If Battery Low Time is set to 30 seconds or higher, the device may initiate an automatic offset calibration during the time window, resulting in the BATLOW signal being delayed approximately an additional 15–20 seconds beyond the Battery Low Time setting.
BatteryStatus()[BATLOW] = 0 2.4.2 Battery High Warning The bq34210-Q1 device can indicate, and optionally trigger an alert signal, when the battery voltage falls below a programmable threshold. This feature is disabled if Battery High Time is set to 0. Status...
Once in SHUTDOWN mode, there are two methods to exit. A power cycle (battery removal and insertion) is one method. The second method uses the ALERT pin alternative function. Pulling the ALERT pin high (the time is specified in the data sheet) enables the bq34210-Q1 to exit SHUTDOWN mode and reenter NORMAL mode.
2.9.22 C1 This value is the desired reserved battery capacity remaining at EDV0. 2.9.23 Age Factor This value enables the bq34210-Q1 device to correct the EDV detection algorithm to compensate for cell aging. 2.9.24 Fixed EDV0 This value is the EDV0 threshold if [CEDV] is clear in CEDV Config.
2.9.40 Charge Inhibit Temp Low The bq34210-Q1 device does not allow the battery pack to charge if Temperature() is below Charge Inhibit Temp Low. The [CHGINH] bit is set in BatteryStatus(). The default value is 0°C. Charging is allowed once the temperature is above Charge Inhibit Temp Low plus Temp Hys value.
2.9.41 Charge Inhibit Temp High The bq34210-Q1 device does not allow the battery pack to charge if Temperature() is above Charge Inhibit Temp High. The [CHGINH] bit is set in the BatteryStatus(). The default value is 45°C. Charging is allowed once the temperature is below Charge Inhibit Temp High plus Temp Hys value. The [CHGINH] bit is reset in the BatteryStatus() register.
RemainingCapacity() is set equal to FullChargeCapacity(). 2. Delta Temperature (ΔT/Δt) method: For ΔT/Δt, the bq34210-Q1 device detects an increase in temperature over many seconds. The ΔT/Δt setting is programmable in the temperature step, Delta Temperature (0°C – 25.5°C), and the time step, Delta Temperature Time (0 s–1000 s).
During primary charge termination detection, one of the three requirements is that the accumulated change in capacity > 0.25 mAh per Current Taper Window for the bq34210-Q1 device to start trying to qualify a termination. It must be above this Minimum Taper Capacity before bq34210-Q1 starts trying to detect a primary charge termination.
2.9.60.1 OT Charge Time If the [OTC] condition exists for a time that exceeds the OT Chg Time period, the bq34210-Q1 device goes into an overtemperature charge condition. This function is disabled if OT Chg Time is set to 0.
2.9.62.1 OT Discharge Time If the [OTD] condition exists for a time period that exceeds the OT Dsg Time, the bq34210-Q1 device goes into an overtemperature discharge condition. This function is disabled if OT Dsg Time is set to 0.
SLUUBE8 – September 2018 Communications C Interface The slave-only bq34210-Q1 fuel gauge supports the standard I C read, incremental read, quick read, one byte write, and incremental write functions. The 7-bit device address (ADDR) is the most significant 7 bits of the hex address and is fixed as 1010101.
Chapter 4 SLUUBE8 – September 2018 Data Commands The bq34210-Q1 fuel gauge uses a series of data commands to enable system reading and writing of battery information. Each data command has an associated command-code pair, as shown in Table 4-1.
4.1.18 EOS_ABORT_LEARN: 0x003A This MAC subcommand instructs the bq34210-Q1 device to stop a learning phase. 4.1.19 EOS_RCELL_RRATE_LEARN: 0x003B This MAC subcommand instructs the bq34210-Q1 device to initiate an Initial Rcell and an Initial RRate measurement. 4.1.20 EOS_WARN_CLEAR: 0x003C This MAC subcommand instructs the bq34210-Q1 device to clear the EOS warning bits (this includes [DRDWARN], [RSDWARN], and [RSDLWARN]).
LCTO = Learn Charge Time Out This bit is set = 1 if the bq34210-Q1 device is in LEARN CHARGE mode and detects the charging time has exceeded Learn Charge Time Limit. This bit is reset to 0 when a new learning phase begins.
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LCHG = Learn CHARGE mode This bit is set = 1 if the bq34210-Q1 device is in learn CHARGE mode. If the device is controlling a charger directly through a device pin, then the value of this signal will be reflected on the selected pin.
RSDLALERT = Resistance Slope Decisioning Long-Term Alert This bit is set = 1 if the bq34210-Q1 EOS Determination function detects the condition described above to trigger the [RSDLALERT] signal. This signal is cleared when the register is read or if a new learning phase begins.
The bit will clear when the Initial Rcell learning and computation is complete. LTI = Learn Timer Invalid This bit is set = 1 if the bq34210-Q1 EOS Determination function detects that the timer was interrupted since the most recent Rcell was calculated. In this case, the RSD algorithm must capture two new Rcell values separated in time to calculate a new value of RRate and evaluate this for corresponding alerts and warnings.
RCELLR = Rcell Reduction Alert This bit is set = 1 if the bq34210-Q1 EOS Determination function detects a value of Rcell that is more than 2% below the previous value of Rcell. This signal is cleared when the register is read or if a new learning phase begins.
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