HP EPM-441A User Manual
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HP EPM-441A User Manual

HP EPM-441A User Manual

Power meter
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Errata
This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett-Packard. Please note that Hewlett-Packard's former test and
measurement, semiconductor products and chemical analysis businesses are now part of Agilent Technologies. To
reduce potential confusion, the only change to product numbers and names has been in the company name prefix: where
a product number/name was HP XXXX the current name/number is now Agilent XXXX. For example, model number
HP8648 is now model number Agilent 8648.
Ce manuel peut contenir des références à <<HP>> ou <<Hewlett-Packard.>> Veuillez noter que les produits de test et
mesure, de semi-conducteur et d'analyse chimique qui avaient fait partie de la société Hewlett-Packard sont maintenent
une partie de la société Agilent Technologies. Pour reduire la confusion potentielle, le seul changement aux noms de
reference a été dans le préfixe de nom de société : là où un nom de référence était HP XXXX, le nouveau nom de
référence est maintenant Agilent XXXX. Par example, le HP 8648 s'appelle maintenent Agilent 8648.
Diese Gebrauchsanweiseung kann Bezug nehmen auf die Namen HP oder Hewlett-Packard. Bitte beachten Sie, dass
ehemalige Betriebsbereiche von Hewlett-Packard wie HP-Halbleiterprodukte, HP-chemische Analysen oder HP-Test-
und Messwesen nun zu der Firma Agilent Technology gehören. Um Verwirrung zu vermeiden wurde lediglich bei
Produktname und - Nummer der vo laufende Firmenname geändert: Produkte mit dem Namen/Nummer HP XXXX
lauten nun mehr Agilent XXXX. Z.B, das Modell HP 8648 heißt nun Agilent 8648.
Questo manuale potrebbe contenere riferimenti ad HP o Hewlett-Packard. Si noti che le attività precedentemente gestite
da Hewlett-Packard nel campo di Test & Misura, Semiconduttori, ed Analisi Chimica sono ora diventate parte di
Agilent Technologies. Al fine di ridurre il rischio di confusione, l'unica modifica effettuata sui numeri di prodotto e sui
nomi ha riguardato il prefisso con il nome dell'azienda : dove precedentemente compariva "HP XXXX" compare ora
"Agilent XXXX". Ad esempio: il modello HP8648 è ora indicato come Agilent 8648.
Este manual puede hacer referencias a HP o Hewlett Packard. Las organizaciones de Prueba y Medición (Test and
Measurement), Semiconductores (Semiconductor Products) y Análisis Químico (Chemical Analysis) que pertenecían a
Hewlett Packard, ahora forman parte de Agilent Technologies. Para reducir una potencial confusión, el único cambio en
el número de producto y nombre, es el prefijo de la compañía: Si el producto solía ser HP XXXX, ahora pasa a ser
Agilent XXXX. Por ejemplo, el modelo HP8648 es ahora Agilent 8648.
Document Part Number 5971-2669
Printed in the UK September 2004
Advanced Test Equipment Rentals
www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832)
A

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  • Page 1 Agilent Technologies. Pour reduire la confusion potentielle, le seul changement aux noms de reference a été dans le préfixe de nom de société : là où un nom de référence était HP XXXX, le nouveau nom de référence est maintenant Agilent XXXX.
  • Page 2 マニュアル・チェンジ 変更 本文中の 「HP （ YHP） 」 、 または 「(横河)ヒューレット ・ パッカード株式会社」 という語句を、 「Agilent」 、 または「アジレント・テクノロジー株式会社」と変更してください。 ヒューレット・パッカード社の電子計測、半導体製品、化学分析ビジネス部門は分離独立し、アジ レント・テクノロジー社となりました。 社名変更に伴うお客様の混乱を避けるため、製品番号の接頭部のみ変更しております。 （例: 旧製品名 HP 4294A は、現在 Agilent 4294A として販売いたしております。）...
  • Page 3 User’s Guide HP EPM E4418A (EPM-441A) Power Meter HP Part no. E4418-90000 April 22, 1997...
  • Page 4 © Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company All rights reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws. Printed in the UK. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 5: Legal Information

    For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by HP. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to HP and HP shall pay shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to HP from another country.
  • Page 6 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Exclusive Remedies THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. HP SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.

  • Page 7: Equipment Operation

    For continued protection against fire hazard, replace the line fuse(s) only with fuses of the same type and rating (for example, normal blow, time delay, etc.). The use of other fuses or material is prohibited. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 8: General Safety Considerations

    This terminal is for use where the earthing cannot be assured. At least an 18AWG earthing conductor should be used in such an instance, to ground the instrument to an assured earth terminal. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 9: Iec 1010-1 Compliance

    Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use and has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains information and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in a safe condition. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 10: Regulatory Information

    Australian EMC Regulations The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Spectrum Management Agency of Australia. This signifies compliance with the Australian EMC Framework Regulations under the terms of the Radiocommunications Act of 1992. viii HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 11: Declaration Of Conformity

    West Lothian, EH30 9TG. Scotland, United Kingdom. Declares that the product: Product Name: Power Meter Model Number(s): HP EPM-441A and HP EPM-442A Product Option(s): Conforms to the following Product Specifications: Safety : EN61010-1:1993/IEC 1010-1:1990+A1/CSA C22.2 No. 1010-1:1993 EN60825-1:1994/IEC 825-1:1993 Class 1...

  • Page 12: List Of Related Publications

    List of Related Publications List of Related Publications The HP EPM-441A User’s Guide is also available in the following languages: • English Language User’s Guide - Standard • German Language User’s Guide - Option ABD • Spanish Language User’s Guide - Option ABE •...

  • Page 13: Hp Epm-441A Options

    HP EPM-441A Options HP EPM-441A Options The HP EPM-441A power meters have the following options available: • Option 002, supplies parallel rear panel sensor input(s). The power reference oscillator output is on the front panel. • Option 003, supplies parallel rear panel sensor input(s). The power reference oscillator output is also on the rear panel.

  • Page 14: About This Guide

    This chapter lists the error messages that may appear as you are working with the power meter. Each description contains information to help you diagnose and solve the problem. Chapter 5: Specifications This chapter lists the power meter’s specifications and describes how to interpret these specifications. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 15: Table Of Contents

    Regulatory Information ............. viii Sound Emission ..............viii Australian EMC Regulations..........viii Declaration of Conformity ............ix List of Related Publications ............x HP EPM-441A Options ..............xi Available Accessories ............xi About this Guide ................. xii Getting Started ..................1-1 Introduction................... 1-2 Turning On the Power Meter ............
  • Page 16 Power Sensors................. 2-5 Making Measurements with the HP E-Series Power Sensors ................2-8 Procedure ................2-8 Making Measurements with the HP 8480 Series Power Sensors ................2-10 Procedure ................2-10 Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables... 2-12 Selecting a Sensor Calibration Table ........2-12 Making the Measurement............
  • Page 17 Measurement Speed ............... 5-6 Zero Drift of Sensors............... 5-7 Measurement Noise..............5-7 Settling Time ................5-9 Power Sensor Specifications ..........5-12 General Characteristics..............5-13 Rear Panel Connectors ............5-13 Environmental Characteristics ............ 5-14 General Conditions..............5-14 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide Contents-3...
  • Page 18 Operating Environment ............5-14 Storage Conditions ..............5-14 General ..................5-15 Dimensions ................5-15 Weight ..................5-15 Safety ..................5-15 Remote Programming ............5-15 Non-Volatile Memory ............. 5-16 Contents-4 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 19 Digital and Analog Display ............2-33 2-12 Test Setup for Recording Swept Measurements ...... 2-39 2-13 “Save/Recall” Screen ..............2-42 2-14 How Measurements are Calculated.......... 2-43 2-15 Replacing the Fuse ..............2-52 Error Annunciator Position............4-2 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide Contents-5...

  • Page 20: Hp Epm-441A User's Guide

    Contents-6 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 21 List of Tables Page Connecting the HP 8480 Series Power Sensors During Calibration ..............2-7 Measurement Units ..............2-20 ....................3-10 Zero Set Specifications .............. 5-4 Noise Multiplier ................. 5-7 Power Sensor Specifications............5-8 Settling Time ................5-9 Settling Time ................5-10 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 22: Hp Epm-441A User's Guide

    Contents-8 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 23: Getting Started

    Getting Started...

  • Page 24: Introduction

    When some hardkeys are selected the corresponding softkey labels are displayed on the power meter display. If you are using the power meter remotely refer to the HP EPM-441A/442A Programming Guide for remote operating details. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 25: Turning On The Power Meter

    Prior to making your first measurement you must zero and calibrate the sensor and meter combination. Refer to Chapter 2 for further information if you are not familiar with zeroing, calibrating or making measurements with a power meter. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 26: The Front Panel At A Glance

    However, if you are in remote mode (that is, HP-IB operation), then pressing this hardkey places the power meter in local mode provided local lock out (LLO) is not enabled.
  • Page 27 Refer to Chapter 3 for further information about these hardkeys and their softkey menus. 8. Channel Input. The HP EPM-441A has one sensor input. Power meters configured with options 002 or 003 have the sensor inputs on the rear panel and the front panel.
  • Page 28 This hardkey allows you to move back one level in the Prev softkey menu. Repeatedly pressing accesses a menu which Prev allows you to increase and decrease the display contrast. 12. Softkeys. These four keys are used to make a selection from the menus. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 29: The Display Layout

    1. The status reporting line displays five fields, three associated with the HP-IB status and two associated with error and warning conditions. The first field displays either “RMT” (remote, HP-IB operation) or “LCL” (local, front panel operation). The second field displays “TLK”...
  • Page 30 13. This field displays “Dty Cyc” if a duty cycle is set. This allows you to measure the power of a pulsed signal. Refer to “Measuring Pulsed Signals”, on page 2-28 for further information. 14. This field displays the currently selected frequency or calibration factor. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 31: Selecting Your Display Layout

    Two Windows One Window Select using Select using Meas , Display Format Setup Upper Lower Window Window Digital Analog Display Display Select using Meas , Display Format Setup Digital Analog Digital Analog Display Display Display Display HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 32 Meas 4.Press Display Format Setup Meter Dgtl Anlg (Dgtl should be highlighted). The display shows a digital window. 5.Press . The display now shows two digital windows. 1-10 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 33 . The upper window is now the selected window and is highlighted by the black box. 7.Press Meter Dgtl Anlg (Anlg should be highlighted). The upper window now displays an analog meter. 8.Select the digital display using HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 1-11...

  • Page 34: Window Symbols

    The wait symbol is displayed when the power meter is carrying out a procedure but no action is required from you. The symbol may appear directly in the measurement window or in a pop up window. It may appear, for example, during, zeroing or calibration. 1-12 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 35: Of N Entry Window

    This pop up window is displayed when you are required to modify numeric or alphanumeric data. The keys move the position of the cursor. keys increment and decrement the alphanumeric digit on which the cursor is currently positioned. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 1-13...

  • Page 36: The Rear Panel At A Glance

    The Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus allows the power meter to be controlled remotely. 7. Serial Label Each power meter has it’s own individual identification number. Refer to “Instrument serial numbers”, on page 2-54 for further information. 1-14 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 37: Adjusting The Carrying Handle

    Getting Started Adjusting the Carrying Handle Adjusting the Carrying Handle To adjust the position, grasp the handle by the sides and pull outward. Rotate the handle to the desired position. Bench top viewing positions Carrying position HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 1-15...

  • Page 38: Rack Mounting The Power Meter

    You can mount the power meter in a standard 19 inch rack cabinet using one of three optional kits. Instructions and mounting hardware are included with each rack mounting kit. Any HP System II instrument can be rack mounted beside the HP EPM-441A power meter.
  • Page 39 To rack mount two instruments side by side, order option 909, or lock-link kit 5061-9694 and flange kit 5063-9212. To install one or two instruments in a sliding support shelf, order shelf 5063-9255, and slide kit 1494-0015 (for a single instrument, also order filler panel 5002-3999). HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 1-17...
  • Page 40 Getting Started Rack Mounting the Power Meter 1-18 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 41: Power Meter Operation

    Power Meter Operation...

  • Page 42: Introduction

    “Zeroing the Power Meter”, on page 2-3. • “Calibrating the Power Meter”, on page 2-4. • “Making Measurements with the HP E-Series Power Sensors”, on page 2-8. • “Making Measurements with the HP 8480 Series Power Sensors”, on page 2-10.

  • Page 43: Zeroing The Power Meter

    C change in temperature occurs. • when you change the power sensor. • every 24 hours. • prior to measuring low level signals. For example, 10 dB above the lowest specified power for your power sensor. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 44: Calibrating The Power Meter

    An essential part of calibrating is setting the correct reference calibration factor for the power sensor you are using. The HP 8480 series power sensors require you to set the reference calibration factor. The HP E-series power sensors set the reference calibration factor automatically.

  • Page 45: Calibration Procedure Using Hp E-Series Power Sensors

    HP E-series power sensor’s calibration table there is no requirement to enter the reference calibration factor. The power meter identifies that an HP E-series power sensor is connected and will not allow you to select certain softkeys. The text on these softkeys appears grayed out.
  • Page 46 To calibrate the power meter with a power sensor whose reference calibration factor is 99.8%. Zero • Press • Press . Use the hardkeys to Ref CF enter 99.8. Press • Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output. • Press HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 47: Connecting The Hp 8480 Series Power Sensors During Calibration

    HP 8481H HP 8482A HP 8482H HP 8481D Prior to the power meter being calibrated an HP 11708A 30 dB HP 8484A reference attenuator should be connected between the power sensor and the reference calibrator. This attenuator must be removed from the power sensor input prior to making measurements.

  • Page 48: Making Measurements With The Hp E-Series Power Sensors

    Power Meter Operation Making Measurements with the HP E-Series Power Sensors Making Measurements with the HP E-Series Power Sensors This section describes how to make continuous wave measurements using the HP E-series power sensors. The HP E-series power sensors have their sensor calibration tables stored in EEPROM.
  • Page 49 Power Meter Operation Making Measurements with the HP E-Series Power Sensors Example To make a measurement using an HP E-series power sensor. The frequency of the signal to be measured is 100 MHz. • Disconnect the power sensor from any source.

  • Page 50: Making Measurements With The Hp 8480 Series Power Sensors

    Making Measurements with the HP 8480 Series Power Sensors This section applies to all HP 8480 series power sensors. It does not apply to the HP E-series power sensors. For the HP 8480 series power sensors there are two methods of providing...
  • Page 51 Power Meter Operation Making Measurements with the HP 8480 Series Power Sensors up window. Modify this reference calibration factor (see below) as desired. to modify the digit on which the cursor is currently positioned. to move to other digits. 6. To confirm your choice press 7.

  • Page 52: Making Measurements Using Sensor Calibration Tables

    Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables This section applies to all HP 8480 series power sensors. It does not apply to the HP E-series power sensors. For the HP 8480 series power sensors there are two methods of providing...

  • Page 53: Making The Measurement

    . The power meter displays the Freq frequency in a pop up window. Modify this frequency (see below) as desired. to modify the digit on which the cursor is currently positioned. to move to other digits. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-13...

  • Page 54: Editing Sensor Calibration Tables

    To view the sensor calibration tables currently stored in the power meter, System press . The “Sensr Tabs” screen is Sensor Cal Tables Inputs displayed as shown in Figure 2-1. Figure 2-2: “Edit Cal” Screen 2-14 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 55 100%. This sensor calibration table can be used during the performance testing of the power meter. 2. The HP 8482B and HP 8482H power sensors use the same data as the HP 8482A. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 56 If you measure a signal with a frequency outside the frequency range defined in the sensor calibration table, the power meter uses the highest or lowest frequency point in the sensor calibration table to calculate the calibration factor. 2-16 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 57 94.3 3 MHz 98.4 14 GHz 93.2 10 MHz 99.3 15 GHz 30 MHz 98.7 16 GHz 100 MHz 97.8 17 GHz 92.7 300 MHz 97.5 18 GHz 91.8 1 GHz 97.2 2 GHz 96.4 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-17...
  • Page 58 35 GHz 94.4 34.5 GHz 36 GHz 93.7 35 GHz 97.6 37 GHz 94.9 36 GHz 38 GHz 93.5 37 GHz 98.2 39 GHz 93.9 38 GHz 97.4 40 GHz 92.3 39 GHz 97.6 40 GHz 2-18 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 59 47 GHz 86.4 29 GHz 94.4 48 GHz 85.3 30 GHz 49 GHz 84.7 31 GHz 93.7 50 GHz 82.9 32 GHz 93.8 33 GHz 34 GHz 93.2 34.5 GHz 93.5 35 GHz 93.1 36 GHz HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-19...

  • Page 60: Setting The Units Of Measurement

    Relative Mode Off Relative Mode On Measurement Mode Linear Linear Single Channel Watt is “On”) 1. When relative mode is on (that is, Rel Off On , the Offset measurement is compared to a reference value. 2-20 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 61: Selecting Units Of Measurement From The Softkeys

    Some softkeys may be grayed out so that an invalid value cannot be entered. Pressing Increment Multiplier Decrement Multiplier increases or decreases the multiplier shown in front of . Pressing after the correct multiplier has been selected confirms the entry. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-21...

  • Page 62: Making Relative Measurements

    Rel Off On is automatically set to “On” when is pressed. Successive measurements are now displayed relative to the reference value. The relative mode can be disabled and re-enabled simply by pressing Rel Off On 2-22 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 63: Setting The Resolution

    . The current setting of the resolution is highlighted Setup on the softkey. Resolution 1 2 3 4 2. To change this setting press until the Resolution 1 2 3 4 required resolution setting is highlighted. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-23...

  • Page 64: Setting Offsets

    The display offset function provides a method for entering display offset values. If either a channel or a display offset is set then “Ofs” is displayed. To enter a display offset on the currently selected window: 1. Press Offset Offset 2-24 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 65: Effect Of Offsets On A Channel Measurement

    Ch Input with Ch Offset and READING Ch Input Ch Offset Display Offset Display ON POWER † †† Offset Offset METER DISPLAY System Input Settings † Channel Offset entered using More Inputs Offset Offset †† Display Offset entered using Offset HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-25...

  • Page 66: Setting Averaging

    Figure 2-4 lists the number of readings averaged for each range and resolution when the power meter is in auto filter mode and is set to normal speed mode (refer to the HP EPM-441A/442A Programming Guide for details of the readings averaged in the other speed modes).

  • Page 67: Averaged Readings

    3. To confirm your choice press Enter Filter Off On is automatically set to “On” when a value is entered using Filter The filter can be disabled and re-enabled simply by pressing Filter Off On HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-27...

  • Page 68: Measuring Pulsed Signals

    The allowable range of values is 0.001 % to 100 %. The default value is 1.000%. If duty cycle is enabled then “Dty Cyc” is displayed. Note Pulse measurements are not recommended using HP ECP-series power sensors. An example of a pulsed signal is shown in Figure 2-5. Figure 2-5: Pulsed Signal...
  • Page 69 In order to ensure accurate pulse power readings, the input signal must be pulsed with a rectangular pulse. Other pulse shapes (such as triangle, chirp or Gaussian) will cause erroneous results. The pulse power on/off ratio must be much greater than the duty cycle ratio. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-29...

  • Page 70: Setting Measurement Limits

    Limits can be disabled and re-enabled simply by pressing Limits Off On A typical application for this feature is shown in Figure 2-6. Figure 2-6: Limits Checking Application Power Meter Swept Source Device Under Test CHANNEL A INPUT 2-30 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 71: Checking For Limit Failures

    Figure 2-7. Checking for Limit Failures Limit failures are displayed in the appropriate field in the measurement window on the power meter’s display as shown in Figure 2-8. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-31...

  • Page 72: Pass/Fail Limit Indicators

    -50 dBm. This is indicated with the text “Undr Lmt”. This measurement has failed as the result is more than the maximum limit level set of -55 dBm. This is indicated with the text “Over Lmt”. 2-32 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 73: Selecting A Digital Or Analog Display

    The measurement windows can display the result in either a digital or analog format or both as shown in the following figures. Figure 2-9: Digital Display Figure 2-10: Analog Display Figure 2-11: Digital and Analog Display HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-33...
  • Page 74 Cancel Increment Multiplier More Decrement Multiplier Cancel Pressing Increment Multiplier increases or decreases the multiplier Decrement Multiplier shown in front of . Pressing after the correct multiplier has been selected confirms the entry. 2-34 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 75 That is, it does not indicate when duty cycle, range hold, offset or relative mode are enabled. In addition, it does not indicate if the measurement is within the test limits if any are set. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-35...

  • Page 76: Setting The Range

    The power meter has no internal ranges which can be set. The only ranges that can be set are those of the HP E-series power sensors. With an HP E-series power sensor the range can be set either automatically or manually.

  • Page 77: Configuring The Remote Interface

    The address is stored in non-volatile memory, and does not change when the power is switched off, or after a remote interface reset. Your HP-IB bus controller has its own address. Avoid using the bus controller’s address for any instrument on the interface bus.

  • Page 78: Programming Language Selection

    You can select one of two languages to program the power meter from the remote interface. The language is SCPI when the power meter is shipped from the factory. The other language is the HP 437B programming language. The power meter complies with the rules and regulations of the 1995.0 version of SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments).

  • Page 79: Recorder Output

    This menu allows you to switch the Recorder Output signal either on or off. The softkeys allow you to enter the Max Power Min Power input power level that you want to represent the 1 V maximum and minimum output voltage of the Recorder Output. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-39...

  • Page 80: Leveling A Source Output

    -60 dBm (1 nW) System To set the maximum value press More Inputs and enter the appropriate Recorder Output Max Power value. 3. Press and enter 0 W. Min Power 4. Press to “On”. Output Off On 2-40 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 81: Saving And Recalling Power Meter Configurations

    Saving and Recalling Power Meter Configurations To reduce repeated setup sequences, up to ten power meter configurations can be stored in the power meter’s non-volatile memory. The HP-IB address and command set, the data stored in the sensor calibration tables and the zeroing and calibration data are not stored by a preset.

  • Page 82: Save/Recall" Screen

    Power Meter Operation Saving and Recalling Power Meter Configurations Figure 2-13: “Save/Recall” Screen 2-42 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 83: How Measurements Are Calculated

    Figure 2-14: How Measurements are Calculated Channel Functions Window Functions Channel A Channel Duty Display Averaging Relative Cal Factor Offset Cycle Offset Limits Upper Window Recorder Output Display Relative Offset Lower Window HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-43...

  • Page 84: Presetting The Power Meter

    Presetting the Power Meter This section details the power meter’s preset conditions. The HP-IB address and command set, the data stored in the sensor calibration tables and the zeroing and calibration data are not affected by a preset. The calibration table selected is not affected.
  • Page 85 “Off ”. • is set to 20.000 dBm ( ) and Recorder Output Max Power -70.000 dBm ( Min Power • is set to “Off ”. Output Off/On Zero • is set to 100%. Ref CF HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-45...

  • Page 86: Self Test

    “Testing...” is replaced by either the message “Passed” or “Failed”. If a failure occurs the message “Power-up H/W Err” appears. Any errors are also written to the HP-IB error queue and System can be examined in the “Errors” screen by pressing...

  • Page 87: Front Panel Selection Of Self Tests

    When the individual test is complete, the result is displayed until Done selected. If the self test failed, information about the failure is displayed on the screen. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-47...
  • Page 88 “Passed” is displayed, otherwise “Failed” is displayed. If the confidence check fails, the failure appears in the HP-IB error queue. To examine the HP-IB error queue go to the “Errors” screen (refer to Chapter 4).

  • Page 89: Hp-Ib Testing

    Communications Assembly (Implicit) The communications assembly is tested implicitly, in that the command will not be accepted or return a result unless the HP-IB interface is functioning correctly. Refer to “Test Descriptions”, on page 2-50 if you require a description of each individual test.

  • Page 90: Test Descriptions

    If this is the case, it is specified in the test description. Most of the tests have an associated error message which is added to the HP-IB error queue if the test fails. The exception to this is the bitmap display test. Refer to Chapter 4, “Error Messages” for details on these error messages.
  • Page 91 A series of bitmaps are displayed on the power meter showing: two checkboards, vertical lines, horizontal lines, oblique lines, all pixels on and all pixels off. Pressing cycles you through these bitmaps. The More Prev key stops the display and returns you to the previous menu. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-51...

  • Page 92: Operator Maintenance

    This section describes how to replace the power line fuse and clean the power meter. If you need additional information about replacing parts or repairing the power meter, refer to the HP EPM-441A/442A Service Guide. To clean the power meter, disconnect it’s supply power and wipe with a damp cloth only.

  • Page 93: Contacting Hewlett-Packard

    Hewlett-Packard offers several maintenance plans to service your power meter after warranty expiration. Call your HP Sales and Service Center for full details. If the power meter becomes faulty and you wish to return the faulty instrument, follow the description on how to return the faulty instrument in the section “Sales and Service Offices”, on page 2-56.

  • Page 94: Check The Basics

    Hewlett-Packard makes frequent improvements to its products to enhance their performance, usability and reliability. Hewlett-Packard service personnel have access to complete records of design changes for each instrument, based on the instruments’ serial number and option designation. 2-54 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 95 This will ensure that you obtain the most complete and accurate service information. The serial number can be obtained by: • interrogating the power meter over the HP-IB using the *IDN? command. System • from the front panel by selecting...

  • Page 96: Sales And Service Offices

    Thailand: (66-2) 661 3900 For countries in Asia Pacific not listed contact: Hewlett-Packard Asia Pacific Ltd 17-21/F Shell Tower, Times Square, 1 Matheson Street, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong tel: (852) 2599 7070 fax: (852) 2506 9285 2-56 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 97 Hewlett-Packard Canada Ltd. 5150 Spectrum Way Mississauga, Ontario L4W 5G1 (905) 206 4725 In Europe, Africa and Middle East please call your local HP sales office or representative: Austria: (1) 25000-0 Belgium and Luxembourg: (02) 778 3417 Baltic Countries: (358) 08872 2100...
  • Page 98 In any correspondence or telephone conversations, refer to the power meter by its model number (which is on the front panel) and full serial number (which is on the rear panel). With this information, the HP representative can quickly determine whether your unit is still within its warranty period.

  • Page 99: Returning Your Power Meter For Service

    4. Seal the shipping container securely with strong nylon adhesive tape. 5. Mark the shipping container “FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE” to ensure careful handling. 6. Retain copies of all shipping papers. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 2-59...
  • Page 100 Power Meter Operation Contacting Hewlett-Packard 2-60 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 101: Menu Reference

    Menu Reference...

  • Page 102: Introduction

    This chapter is a reference to the softkey menu structure of the power meter. “The Front Panel Menu Maps” starting on page 3-3 details the menus diagrammatically. “Front Panel Menu Reference” starting on page 3-9 details the menus descriptively. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 103: The Front Panel Menu Maps

    Menu dBm/W Note Depending on the power meter’s setup you will be unable to select certain softkeys. The text on these softkey labels appears grayed out. Refer to the appropriate softkey descriptions for further information. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 104: Frequency/Cal Fac Menu

    The text on these softkey labels appears grayed out. Refer to the appropriate softkey descriptions for further information. Meas Setup Menu 20.000 dBm Meter Dgtl Anlg -70.000 dBm Anlg Mtr Display Scaling Format Resolution 1 2 3 4 Meas Setup HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 105: Rel/Offset Menu

    Char Done Cancel Note Depending on the power meter’s setup you will be unable to select certain softkeys. The text on these softkey labels appears grayed out. Refer to the appropriate softkey descriptions for further information. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 106: System Inputs Menu

    More Off On Range† AUTO 100 mW Limits HP E-series power sensors only † 0.00 mW Depending on the power meter’s setup you will be unable to select Note certain softkeys. The text on these softkey labels appears grayed out. Refer to the appropriate softkey descriptions for further information.

  • Page 107: System Inputs Menu Continued

    System Output Min Power More Inputs -70.000 dBm Service Self Test Display Version Instrument Self Test Checksum Confidence Check Individual Battery Measure Assembly Display Calibrator Assy Display Keyboard Set Contrast More Bitmap Display Displays Set Brightness HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 108: Zero/Cal Menu

    Power Ref Off On Note Depending on the power meter’s setup you will be unable to select certain softkeys. The text on these softkey labels appears grayed out. Refer to the appropriate softkey descriptions for further information. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 109: Front Panel Menu Reference

    The hardkeys can be separated into three categories, those which affect: • the system setup, for example the HP-IB address. • the currently selected window setup, for example the measurement units.
  • Page 110 To confirm your choice press the appropriate frequency unit. Entering a frequency using this softkey is only possible when you have a sensor calibration table selected or you are using an HP E-series power sensor. 3-10 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 111 A in the range of 1% to 150%. The default value is 100%. Use the hardkeys to change the calibration factor. To confirm your choice press . Entering a calibration factor using this softkey is only possible when you are using an HP 8480 series power sensor. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 3-11...
  • Page 112 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 dB respectively if the measurement suffix is dBm or dB. 1, 2, 3 or 4 significant digits respectively if the measurement suffix is W or %. The default value is 3 (that is, 0.01 dB or 3 digits). 3-12 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 113 Presetting the power meter returns you to the “Contrast” menu. However, if you are in remote mode (that is, HP-IB operation), then pressing this hardkey places the power meter in local mode provided local lock out (LLO) is not enabled.
  • Page 114 Press this softkey to enter a display offset value. Use the hardkeys to change the value. To confirm your choice press is automatically set to dB Offset Off On “On” when a value is entered using Offset 3-14 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 115 The minimum number of characters allowed is 1. Cancel Press this softkey to revert back to the original file name, ignoring your editing. • Done Press this softkey to return to the measurement screen. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 3-15...
  • Page 116 • HP-IB Press this softkey to access a menu which allows you to set the HP-IB address and select the HP-IB command set you want to use. HP-IB Addr Press this softkey to set the HP-IB address of your power meter between 0 and 30.
  • Page 117 first level of the “System/Inputs” menu are displayed. • Input Settings Press these softkeys to access a menu which allows you to modify the settings of the averaging, duty cycle, range and offset of channel A. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 3-17...
  • Page 118 Offset . Refer to “Setting Channel Offsets”, on page 2-24 for further information. (HP E-series power sensors only) Range Press this softkey to set the range in which you require the power meter to make the power measurement or set the power 3-18 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 119 Press this softkey to display any power meter errors and access a menu which allows you to clear and scroll through any power meter errors. The errors are viewed in a first in first out (FIFO) basis. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 3-19...
  • Page 120 Refer to “Instrument Self Test”, on page 2-48 for further information on the tests run. Confidence Check Press this softkey to verify that the power meter makes an accurate measurement of it’s 1 mW POWER REF output. 3-20 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 121 Press this softkey to perform a display RAM read/write test. Bitmap Displays Press this softkey to display test patterns. Instructions appear on the screen detailing the use of to cycle More through the various bitmaps and to end the Prev displays. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 3-21...
  • Page 122 Set Brightness Press this softkey to set the brightness. Note, this key changes the factory default setting. Version Press this softkey to display: the model number; option structure; serial number; firmware, bootrom and DSP revisions. 3-22 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 123 100%. Use the hardkeys to change the value. To confirm your choice press This softkey cannot be selected when you are using an HP E-series power sensor. •...

  • Page 124: Diagrammatical Hardkeys

    Z through A, then underscore. • select fields for editing on the “Edit Table” screen. • select a table in the “Sensor Cal Tables” screen. • select a file in the “Save” and “Recall” screens. 3-24 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 125 When the power meter is switched to standby (that is, when this hardkey is off but the power is connected to the instrument) the red LED is lit. When the power meter is switched on the green LED is lit. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 3-25...
  • Page 126 Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference Diagramatical Keys 3-26 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 127: Error Messages

    Error Messages...

  • Page 128: Introduction

    To read the error queue from the remote interface use: • the SYSTem:ERRor? command. Error queue messages have the following format: Error Device Error ” “ Number Dependent Info Description For example, -330, “Self-test Failed;Battery Fault”. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 129 Error List Clear Errors More Inputs To delete all the errors in the queue remotely use: • the *CLS (clear status) command. The error queue is also cleared when the instrument power has been switched off. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 130: Error Messages

    For example, AVER:COUN. -112 Program mnemonic too long A command header was received which contained more than the maximum 12 characters allowed. For example, SENSeAVERageCOUNt 8. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 131 Suffix too long A suffix used contained more than 12 characters. For example, SENS:FREQ 2MHZZZZZZZZZZZ. -138 Suffix not allowed A suffix was received following a numeric parameter which does not accept a suffix. For example, INIT:CONT 0Hz. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 132 -213 Init ignored Indicates that a request for a measurement initiation was ignored as the power meter was already initiated. For example, INIT:CONT ON INIT. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 133 Power meter calibration failed. The most likely cause is attempting to calibrate without applying a 1 mW power to the power sensor. -231 Data questionable;Input Overload The power input to Channel A exceeds the power sensor’s maximum range. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 134 -241 Hardware missing The power meter is unable to execute the command because either no power sensor is connected or it expects an HP E-series power sensor and one is not connected. -310 System error;Dty Cyc may impair accuracy with ECP sensor This indicates that the sensor connected is for use with CW signals only.
  • Page 135 Where < > refers to the sensor data block covered, for example, Linearity, Temp - Comp (temperature compensation). This indicates a failure with your HP E-series power sensor. Refer to your power sensor manual for details on returning it for repair.
  • Page 136 Command execution continues but data is lost. -440 Query UNTERMINATED after indefinite response The *IDN? command must be the last query command within a command string. 4-10 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 137: Specifications

    Specifications...

  • Page 138: Introduction

    These characteristics are shown in italics or denoted as “typical”, “nominal” or “approximate”. For information on measurement uncertainty calculations, refer to HP Application Note 64-1A, “Fundamentals of RF and Microwave Power Measurements”, Literature Number 5965-6630. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 139: Power Meter Specifications

    Power Range -70 dBm to +44 dBm (100 pW to 25 W), power sensor dependent Power Sensors Compatible with all HP 8480 series power sensors and HP ECP-series power sensors. Single Sensor Dynamic Range 90 dB maximum (HP ECP-series power sensors)

  • Page 140: Accuracy

    Zero Set (digital settability of zero): Power sensor dependent (refer to Table 5-1). For HP ECP-series power sensors, this specification applies when zeroing is performed with the sensor input disconnected from the POWER REF.

  • Page 141: Power Reference

    Specifications Power Meter Specifications Power Reference Power Output 1.00 mW (0.0 dBm). Factory set to ±0.7% traceable to the US National Institute of Standards and Technology. Accuracy ±1.2% worst case (±0.9% rss) for one year. HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 142: Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics

    50 MHz nominal 1.05 maximum Connector Type N (f), 50 Ω Measurement Speed Over the HP-IB, three measurement speed modes are available as shown, along with the typical maximum measurement speed for each mode: • Normal: 20 readings/second • x2: 40 readings/second •...

  • Page 143: Zero Drift Of Sensors

    Multiplier” for the appropriate mode (normal or x2) and number of averages to determine the total measurement noise value. For example, for an HP 8481D power sensor in normal mode with the number of averages set to 4, the measurement noise is equal to: (<45 pW x 2.75) = <124 pW...
  • Page 144 2. The number of averages at 16 (for normal mode) and 32 (for x2 mode), at a constant temperature, measured over a 1 minute interval and 2 standard deviations. For HP ECP-series power sensors the measurement noise is measured within the low range. Refer to the relevant power sensor manual for further information.

  • Page 145: Settling Time

    Specifications Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics Settling Time 0 to 99% settled readings over the HP-IB. For HP 8480 series power sensors Manual filter, 10 dB decreasing power step: Table 5-4: Settling Time Number of 1024 Averages Settling Time (s) 0.15...

  • Page 146: Settling Time

    When a decreasing power step crosses the power sensor’s auto-range switch point, add 25 ms. Refer to the relevant power sensor manual for further information. For HP ECP-series power sensors in normal and x2 speed modes, manual filter, 10 dB decreasing power step: Table 5-5: Settling Time...

  • Page 147: Settling Time

    Settling Dynamic Dynamic Times Times Range Range 120 ms 70 ms 10 dB 10 dB 400 ms 210 ms 10 dB 10 dB 6.5 s 3.4 s 10 dB 10 dB Minimum dBm Minimum dBm HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 5-11...

  • Page 148: Power Sensor Specifications

    This parameter is also known as short term stability and is specified as the change in the power meter indication over a short time interval (usually one minute) for a constant input power at a constant temperature. 5-12 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 149: General Characteristics

    Binding post, accepts 4 mm plug or bare-wire connection Line Power • Input Voltage Range: 85 to 264 Vac, automatic selection • Input Frequency Range: 47 to 63 Hz • Power Requirement: approximately 50 VA (14 Watts) HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 5-13...

  • Page 150: Environmental Characteristics

    15% at 40ºC (non-condensing) Maximum Altitude 3,000 meters (9,840 feet) Location For use indoors. Storage Conditions Storage Temperature -20ºC to +70ºC Non-Operating Maximum Humidity 90% at 65ºC (non-condensing) Non-Operating Maximum Altitude 15,240 meters (50,000 feet) 5-14 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

  • Page 151: General

    Low Voltage Directive 72/23/EEC Remote Programming Interface HP-IB interface operates to IEEE 488.2. Command Language SCPI standard interface commands. HP 437B code compatible. HP-IB Compatibility SH1, AH1, T6, TE0, L4, LE0, SR1, RL1, PP1, DC1, DT1, C0 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide 5-15...

  • Page 152: Non-Volatile Memory

    Specifications General Non-Volatile Memory Battery Lithium Polycarbon Monoflouride, approximate lifetime 5 years at 25ºC. 5-16 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 153 2-8 "Cal Fac" key description 3-11 cursor positioning 3-24 "Cal" key description 3-23 calibrate 2-4 HP 8480 series sensors 2-5 danger v HP E-series sensors 2-5 data corrupt or stale, error message 4-7 calibration data 2-8...
  • Page 154 "Display Format" key description 3-12 Hewlett-Packard "Display" key description 3-21 contacting 2-53 "Display RAM" key description 3-21 offices 2-56 documents x "HP 437B" key description 3-16 "Done" key description 3-15 3-17 3-20 HP-IB 1-14 duty cycle 1-8 compatibility 5-15 "Duty Cycle" key description 3-18 connector characteristic 5-13 "Duty Cycle Off On"...
  • Page 155 5-6 interface bus units 2-20 language selection 2-38 using calibration tables 2-12 setting of address 2-37 with HP E-series sensors 2-8 invalid memory 5-16 block data, error message 4-6 save and recall 2-41 character in number, error message 4-5...
  • Page 156 2-51 range,setting of 2-36 display 2-51 rear panel 1-14 front panel selection of 2-47 recall 2-41 HP-IB testing 2-49 "Recall" key description 3-15 keyboard 2-51 Recorder Output connector 1-14 2-39 lithium battery 2-50 characteristic 5-13 Index-4 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...
  • Page 157 "System/Inputs" menu map 3-8 key description 3-16 menu map 3-6 "Table Off On" key description 3-17 telephone numbers of Hewlett-Packard 2-56 temperature characteristic 5-14 test. See self-test title 1-8 too many digits, error message 4-5 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide Index-5...
  • Page 158 Index-6 HP EPM-441A User’s Guide...

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