LUDLUM 2401-EC User Manual
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LUDLUM 2401-EC User Manual

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LUDLUM MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW,
2401-EC2 AND 2401-P
POCKET SURVEY METERS
March 2015
Serial Number 137772 and Succeeding
Serial Numbers

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Summary of Contents for LUDLUM 2401-EC

  • Page 1 LUDLUM MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 AND 2401-P POCKET SURVEY METERS March 2015 Serial Number 137772 and Succeeding Serial Numbers...
  • Page 2 LUDLUM MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 AND 2401-P POCKET SURVEY METERS March 2015 Serial Number 137772 and Succeeding Serial Numbers...

  • Page 3: Statement Of Warranty

    RETURN OF GOODS TO MANUFACTURER If equipment needs to be returned to Ludlum Measurements, Inc. for repair or calibration, please send to the address below. All shipments should include documentation containing return shipping address, customer name, telephone number, description of service requested, and all other necessary information.
  • Page 5 Measuring Ionizing Radiation What are the Health Risks from Ionizing Radiation? How Much Ionizing Radiation is Dangerous? Background Radiation 6-10 Manmade Radiation 6-11 Protection from Radiation 6-11 Standards and Regulation 6-12 Who is in Charge? 6-12 Ludlum Measurements, Inc. March 2015...
  • Page 6 MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Technical Manual Recycling Parts List Models 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 Survey Meters Main Board, Drawing 397 × 75 Model 2401-P Survey Meter Main Board, Drawing 397 × 50 Drawings and Diagrams Ludlum Measurements, Inc. March 2015...
  • Page 7 - contains an energy-compensated GM tube detector. Model 2401-EC2 This is basically the same as the Model 2401-EC, with the capability of measuring higher levels of gamma radiation with corresponding measurement scales. - employs a full-size “pancake” tube detector (5.1 cm {2 Model 2401-P in.} diameter) that can measure alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.
  • Page 8 MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P position on the selector switch allows the meter to show the BAT CHECK battery level. A position allows the user to turn the click-per-event QUIET audio off. A 9-volt battery powers the unit. Battery life is typically 250 hours at normal background levels.

  • Page 9: Getting Started

    MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 2 Section Getting Started Battery Installation Ensure the instrument selector switch is in the position. Remove the four screws from the back side of the instrument and remove the back housing. Place a 9-volt battery in battery holder and press onto battery terminals.

  • Page 10: Operational Check

    MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 2 Place the instrument selector switch in the position and note that the QUIET audible clicks are silenced. In order to preserve battery life, it is recommended that the instrument selector switch be kept in the QUIET position when the audio function is not needed.

  • Page 11: Specifications

    MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 3 Section Specifications Detector Tubes : GM tubes with different characteristics for various models as follows: Model 2401-EC: energy-compensated tube; gamma Model 2401-EW: end-window tube; alpha, beta, gamma Model 2401-EC2: energy-compensated tube; gamma Model 2401-P: standard 5.1 cm (2 in.) diameter...
  • Page 12 : typically 550 Vdc for peanut tube detectors (as in Operating Voltage Models 2401-EC, 2401-EW, and 2401-EC2); 900 Vdc for pancake tube detector (as in the Model 2401-P) : one 9-volt battery; typical battery life is 250 hours at normal Power background radiation levels.
  • Page 13 MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 4 Section Identification of Controls and Functions : Meter faces vary within the series, though all come Meter Face standard with a mR/hr scale and a scale. In addition, most BAT OK meter faces have a cpm scale. The actual radiation measurement is determined by multiplying the meter face reading by the multiple associated by the selected position of the range switch.
  • Page 14 MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 4 : The crosshairs above the meter on the black front panel Crosshairs indicate the location of the center of the detector. The exception to this is in the case of the Model 2401-P where the center of the detector is visible on the back side of the instrument.

  • Page 15: Environmental Conditions For Normal Use

    Caution! The operator or responsible body is cautioned that the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired if the equipment is used in a manner not specified by Ludlum Measurements, Inc. The Model 2401 Series of Instruments are marked with the following symbols: CAUTION (per ISO 3864, No.

  • Page 16: Mica Window Precaution

    MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 5 Warning! The operator is strongly cautioned to take the following precautions to avoid contact with internal hazardous live parts that are accessible using a tool: 1. Turn the instrument power and remove the battery.

  • Page 17: Maintenance

    Check appropriate local procedures and regulations to determine required recalibration intervals. Ludlum Measurements offers a full-service repair and calibration department. We not only repair and calibrate our own instruments, but most other manufacturers’ instruments as well. Calibration procedures are available upon request for customers who choose to calibrate their own instruments.

  • Page 18: Radiation And Life

    MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 6 Section Radiation Basics Radiation and Life Adapted from Eric J. Hall’ s book, “Radiation and Life” Radiation is energy traveling through space. Sunshine is one of the most familiar forms of radiation. It delivers light, heat, and suntans. We control its effect on us with sunglasses, shade, air conditioners, hats, clothes, and sunscreen.

  • Page 19: The Unstable Atom

    MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 6 The Unstable Atom Radiation comes from atoms, the basic building blocks of matter. Most atoms are stable; a carbon-12 atom, for example, remains a carbon-12 atom forever, and an oxygen-16 atom remains an oxygen-16 atom forever, but certain atoms eventually disintegrate into a totally new atom.

  • Page 20: Radioactive Decay

    MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 6 1 kg (2.2 lb) of uranium ore (Australian, 13.51 X 10 0.3%) 1 kg (2.2 lb) of low-level radioactive waste 27.03 X 10 1 kg (2.2 lb) of coal ash 5.41 X 10 1 kg (2.2 lb) of granite...

  • Page 21: Ionizing Radiation

    MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 6 Ionizing Radiation Here we are concerned mainly with ionizing radiation from the atomic nucleus. It occurs in two forms – rays and particles – at the high frequency end of the energy spectrum.

  • Page 22: Measuring Ionizing Radiation

    MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 6 their relatively large size, alpha particles collide readily with matter and lose their energy quickly. They, therefore, have little penetrating power and can be stopped by the first layer of skin or a sheet of paper.

  • Page 23: What Are The Health Risks From Ionizing Radiation?

    MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 6 The amount of ionizing radiation, or 'dose', received by a person is measured in terms of the energy absorbed in the body tissue, and is expressed in RAD. One rad is 0.01 joules deposited per kilogram of mass.

  • Page 24: How Much Ionizing Radiation Is Dangerous?

    MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 6 On the other hand, large doses of radiation directed specifically at a tumor are used in radiation therapy to kill cancerous cells, and thereby often save lives (usually in conjunction with chemotherapy or surgery). Much larger doses are used to kill harmful bacteria in food, and to sterilize bandages and other medical equipment.
  • Page 25 MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 6 2 rem/yr averaged over 5 years is the limit for radiological personnel such as employees in the nuclear industry, uranium or mineral sands miners, and hospital workers (who are all closely monitored).
  • Page 26 MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 6 where given a set population, we can estimate that about 20 percent will die from cancer, but we cannot say which individuals will die. Finally, that a conservative estimate of risk from low doses of radiation is thought to be one in which the risk is linear with dose.

  • Page 27: Background Radiation

    MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 6 You can also use the same approach to looking at risks on the job: Industry Type Est. life expectancy lost All Industries 60 days Agriculture 320 days Construction 227 days Mining and quarrying...

  • Page 28: Manmade Radiation

    MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 6 up to a couple thousand rem. However, there is no evidence of increased cancers or other health problems arising from these high natural levels. Man-made Radiation Ionizing radiation is also generated in a range of medical, commercial, and industrial activities.

  • Page 29: Standards And Regulation

    MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 6 Standards and Regulation Much of the evidence that has led to today's standards derives from the atomic bomb survivors in 1945, which were exposed to high doses incurred in a very short time. In setting occupational risk estimates, some allowance has been made for the body's ability to repair damage from small exposures, but for low-level radiation exposure, the degree of protection may be unduly conservative.
  • Page 30 To this end, Ludlum Measurements, Inc. strives to supply the consumer of its goods with information regarding reuse and recycling of the many different types of materials used in its products. With many different agencies –...

  • Page 31: Parts List

    MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 8 Section Parts List Reference Description Part Number UNIT Completely Assembled Models 2401-EC, Survey Meter: 2401-EW and 2401- EC2 Survey Meters Model 2401-EC 48-2824 Model 2401-EW 48-2874 Model 2401-EC2 48-2885 Main Board, BOARD Completely Assembled Drawing 397 ×...
  • Page 32 MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 8 Reference Description Part Number INTEGRATED U021 ICM7555CBA 06-6300 CIRCUITS U101 MAX638AESA 06-6389 U131 MAX641BCSA 06-6388 U211 TLC27M7ID 06-6292 U221 CD74HC4066M 06-6323 U231 CD74HC4538M 06-6297 DIODES CR011 CXSH-4 EB33 07-6358 CR031-CR034 CMPD2004S 07-6402...
  • Page 33 MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 8 Reference Description Part Number R221-R223 1.00M, 125mW, 1% 12-7844 R231 100K, 125mW, 1% 12-7834 R232 1.00M, 125mW, 1% 12-7844 R233 33.2K, 250mW, 1% 12-7842 R234 100K, 125mW, 1% 12-7834 INDUCTORS 150µHY 21-9677 220µHY...
  • Page 34 MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 8 Reference Description Part Number C101 10µF, 20V 04-5655 C102 0.0047µF, 100V 04-5669 C111 0.1µF, 50V 04-5663 C131 47PF, 100V 04-5660 C201-C202 220PF, 100V 04-5674 C211 10µF, 20V 04-5655 C231 0.022µF, 50V 04-5667...
  • Page 35 MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 8 Reference Description Part Number R002 165K, 125mW, 1% 12-7877 R021 1.00K, 125mW, 1% 12-7832 R022 475K, 125mW, 1% 12-7859 R031 1.00M, 125mW, 1% 12-7844 R032 10M, 125mW, 1% 12-7955 R033- R034 1.00M, 125mW, 1%...
  • Page 36 MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 8 Reference Description Part Number 2ea. Switch Slot Cover 7397-060 MODEL 2401-P CAN 7397-038 MODEL 2401-P PANCAKE SCREEN 7397-042 MODEL 2401-P TUBE HOLDER GASKET 7397-065 TUBE HOLDER BOTTOM BRACKET 7397-083 TUBE HOLDER TOP BRACKET...
  • Page 37 MODELS 2401-EC, 2401-EW, 2401-EC2 & 2401-P Section 9 Section Drawings Model 2401-EC Front View, Drawing 397 × 30 Model 2401-EW Front View, Drawing 397 × 42 Model 2401-EC2 Front View, Drawing 397 × 46 Model 2401-P Front View, Drawing 397 × 41 Model 2401 Main Circuit Board Schematic, Drawing 397 ×...

This manual is also suitable for:

2401-ew2401-ec22401-p

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