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Tabor Electronics 5251 User Manual

Arbitrary waveform generator
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User Manual

Model 5251
250 MS/s PXIbus
Arbitrary Waveform Generator
Publication No. 100520
Tabor Electronics Ltd.
9 Hatasia Street, Nesher, Israel 20302
TEL: (972) 4 821 3393, FAX: (972) 4 821 3388
[www.taborelec.com]
PUBLICATION DATE: May 20, 2010
REVISION: 1.0
 Copyright 2002 by Tabor Electronics. All rights reserved. This book or parts thereof may not be reproduced
in any form without written permission of the publisher.

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Summary of Contents for Tabor Electronics 5251

  • Page 1: User Manual

    TEL: (972) 4 821 3393, FAX: (972) 4 821 3388 [www.taborelec.com] PUBLICATION DATE: May 20, 2010 REVISION: 1.0  Copyright 2002 by Tabor Electronics. All rights reserved. This book or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publisher.

  • Page 2: Warranty Statement

    Authorization is required from Tabor Electronics before you send your product for service or calibration. Call your nearest Tabor Electronics support facility. A list is located on the last page of this manual. If you are unsure where to call, contact Tabor Electronics Customer Support Department.

  • Page 3: Declaration Of Conformity

    DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY We: Tabor Electronics Ltd. 9 Hatasia Street, Tel Hanan ISRAEL 36888 declare, that the 250MS/s Single Channel Arbitrary Waveform Generator Model 5251 meet the intent of the requirements of the Electro Magnetic Compatibility 89/336/EEC as amended by 92/31/EEC, 93/68/EEC, 92/263/EEC and 93/97/EEC and the Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC amended by 93/68/EEC.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents Chapter Title Page Getting Started ........................1-1 What’s In This Chapter ....................... 1-3 Conventions Used in this Manual ..................1-3 Introduction ........................1-3 TE5251 Feature Highlights ....................1-4 ArbConnection Feature Highlights ..................1-5 Functional Description ......................1-7 Supplied Accessories ......................
  • Page 5 Pulse Waveforms......................1-16 Half Cycle Waveforms ....................1-16 Counter/Timer ......................1-16 Output State ........................1-17 Filters ..........................1-17 Programming The 5251 ..................... 1-17 Configuring the Instrument ..................... 2-1 Installation Overview ......................2-3 Unpacking and Initial Inspection ..................2-3 Safety Precautions ......................2-3 Operating ...........................
  • Page 6 Contents (continued) ArbConnection© ......................3-1 What’s in This Chapter? ..................... 3-3 Introduction to ArbConnection .................... 3-3 Installing ArbConnection ....................3-3 Quitting ArbConnection....................3-4 For the New and Advanced Users .................3-4 Conventions Used in This Manual .................3-4 The Opening Screen ......................3-5 ArbConnection Features ....................
  • Page 7 TE5251 User Manual Typing Equations ......................3-47 Equation Samples ....................... 3-48 Combining Waveforms ....................3-52 The Pulse Composer ....................3-53 The FM Composer ....................3-71 The 3D Composer ....................3-75 The Command Editor ....................... 3-80 Logging SCPI Commands ....................3-81 Remote Programming Reference ..................
  • Page 8 Contents (continued) 3D Modulation Programming ..................4-61 PSK Modulation Programming ..................4-63 Run Mode Commands ..................... 4-66 Auxiliary Commands ......................4-72 Digital Pulse Programming .................... 4-73 Counter/Timer Programming ..................4-78 Half Cycle Programming ....................4-81 System Commands ....................... 4-83 IEEE-STD-488.2 Common Commands and Queries ............4-85 Error Messages .......................
  • Page 9 TE5251 User Manual Delayed Trigger Characteristics ..................5-14 Re-trigger Characteristics ....................5-15 Trigger Slope ........................5-16 Trigger Level ........................5-16 Sequence operation ......................5-17 Automatic Advance ......................5-17 Step Advance ........................5-18 Single Advance ....................... 5-19 SYNC Output Operation ..................... 5-19 SYNC Qualifier - Bit ......................
  • Page 10 Contents (continued) Reference Oscillators Adjustments ..................6-7 (Setup 50MHz)........................6-7 Setup TCXO........................6-7 Base Line Offset Adjustments ....................6-8 Setup 1..........................6-8 Setup 2..........................6-8 Setup 3..........................6-9 Setup 4..........................6-9 Setup 5..........................6-9 Setup 6..........................6-10 Offset Adjustments ......................6-10 Setup 7..........................
  • Page 11 Setup 40 ..........................6-24 Setup 41 ..........................6-24 Setup 42 ..........................6-25 Setup 43 ..........................6-25 Setup 44 ..........................6-25 Setup 45 ..........................6-26 Setup 46 ..........................6-26 Setup 47 ..........................6-27 Updating the 5251 Firmware ....................6-28 Appendices Specifications ........................A-1 viii...
  • Page 12 Chapter Title Page ‎ ‎ 4 1, Model 5251 SCPI Commands List Summary ............... 4-8 ‎ 4 2, Instrument Control Commands Summary ................4-14 ‎ 4 3, Instrument Control Commands Summary ................4-21 ‎ 4 4, Arbitrary Waveforms Commands Summary ............... 4-29 ‎...
  • Page 13 TE5251 User Manual ‎ 5 -14, Sinewave Flatness Test, DDS Output ................5-11 ‎ 5 -15, Trigger, gate, and burst Characteristics ................5-12 ‎ 5 -16, Trigger Delay Tests ......................5-14 ‎ 5 -17, Re-Trigger Delay Tests ...................... 5-15 ‎ 5 -18, Frequency Measurement Accuracy ................... 5-32 ‎...
  • Page 14 List of Figures Chapter Title Page ‎ 1 -1, The Model 5251 ........................ 1-4 1-2, ArbConnection - Control Panels ..................1-5 1-3, ArbConnection - Wave Composer Example ..............1-6 1-4, ArbConnection – Pulse Composer Example ..............1-6 1-5a, Segment 1 – Sin (x)/x Waveform ..................1-13 1-5b.
  • Page 15 List of Figures (continued) ‎ 3 6, the Standard Waveforms Panel ..................3-11 ‎ 3 7, the Arbitrary & Sequence Panel ..................3-12 ‎ 3 8, the Memory Partition Table ....................3-14 ‎ 3 9, the Waveform Studio ......................3-16 ‎...
  • Page 16 TE5251 User Manual ‎ 3 45, Selecting Pulse Editor Options ..................3-60 ‎ 3 46, Using the Pulse Editor ....................3-62 ‎ 3 47, Building Section 1 of the Pulse Example ................. 3-64 ‎ 3 48, Building Section 2 of the Pulse Example ................. 3-65 ‎...
  • Page 17 List of Figures (continued)

  • Page 18: Getting Started

    Chapter 1 Getting Started Title Page What’s In This Chapter ......................1-3  Conventions Used in this Manual ..................1-3  Introduction .......................... 1-3  TE5251 Feature Highlights ....................1-4  ArbConnection Feature Highlights ..................1-5  Functional Description ......................1-7  Supplied Accessories ......................1-8  Specifications ........................
  • Page 19 TE5251 User Manual FSK ..........................1-15  PSK ..........................1-15  ASK ..........................1-16  3D ..........................1-16  Pulse Waveforms ......................1-16  Half Cycle Waveforms ....................1-16  Counter/Timer ....................... 1-16  Output State ..........................1-17  Filters ............................1-17  Programming The 5251 ......................1-17 ...

  • Page 20: What's In This Chapter

    Supplied free with the instrument is ArbConnection software, which is used for controlling the 5251 and for generating, editing and downloading waveforms from a remote computer. The following highlights the 5251 and ArbConnection...

  • Page 21: Te5251 Feature Highlights

    • 16-bit vertical resolution • 2 Meg memory depth • Ultra fast waveform downloads • Frequency hops, sweep, FM, FSK, ASK, PSK and amplitude modulation • Trigger delay and period-controlled auto re-trigger • Built-in counter/timer Figure 1-1, the Model 5251...

  • Page 22: Arbconnection Feature Highlights

    Three powerful tools in one software package: Instrument control panel, Waveform composer and FM signal composer Feature • Detailed virtual front panels control all 5251 functions and modes Highlights • Wave, modulation and pulse composers for generating, editing and downloading complex waveforms •...

  • Page 23: Arbconnection - Wave Composer Example

    TE5251 User Manual Figure 1-3, ArbConnection - Wave Composer Example Figure 1-4, ArbConnection – Pulse Composer Example...

  • Page 24: Functional Description

    Getting Started Functional Description Functional Detailed functional description is given following the general description of the features and functions available with the 5251. Description Model 5251 is completely digital. There are no analog functions Output Functions resident in its hardware circuits. Data has to be downloaded to the instrument for it to start generating waveforms.

  • Page 25: Supplied Accessories

    The instrument generates its sample clock from a DDS circuit (direct digital synthesis). The DDS circuit enables frequency agility through the complete frequency range of the 5251. Having such an enormous range opens the door for a wide range of applications such as wide band sweep, FSK, frequency hops and frequency modulation.

  • Page 26: Functional Description

    In trigger and burst modes, the trigger input is edge sensitive, i.e., it senses transitions from high to low or from low to high to trigger the 5251. The direction of the transition is programmable. In gated mode, the trigger input is level sensitive, i.e., the generator is gated when the...

  • Page 27: Sclk In

    The external reference input is available for those applications requiring better accuracy and stability reference than the one provided inside the 5251. The reference input is active only after selecting the external reference source mode. 1-10...

  • Page 28: Run Modes

    Getting Started Functional Description The 5251 can be programmed to operate in one of four run modes: Run Modes continuous, triggered, gated and (counted) burst. These modes are described below. Continuous Mode In normal continuous mode, the selected waveform is generated continuously at the selected frequency, amplitude and offset.

  • Page 29: Output Type

    The 5251 can be programmed to output one of nine standard waveform shapes: sine, triangle, square, pulse/ramp, sine(x)/x pulse, gaussian pulse, rising/decaying exponential pulse, noise and dc.

  • Page 30: Sequenced Waveforms

    Getting Started Functional Description Sequenced The sequence generator is a powerful tool that lets you link and loop segments in any way you desire. As a simple example of a Waveforms sequenced waveform, look at Figures 1-5a through 1-5c. The waveforms shown in these figures were placed in memory segments 1, 2 and 3, respectively.

  • Page 31: Modulated Waveforms

    The following sequence was made of segment 2 repeated twice, segment 1 repeated four times, and segment 3 repeated two times. Figure 1- 5d. Sequenced Waveforms Using the latest DDS (direct digital synthesis) technology, the 5251 Modulated is extremely agile. Operations like sweep, FSK and FM are directly Waveforms derived from the DDS circuit by controlling its input bits.

  • Page 32: Frequency Hop

    The frequency hop function causes the output frequency to hop Frequency Hop through a frequency list. The interval that the 5251 dwells on a specific frequency is programmable for each hop. The dwell time could also be set uniformly over the entire frequency list.

  • Page 33: Ask

    20 seconds with increments of 20 ns. One may also program the start phase of the waveforms from 0.1° to 359.9°. The 5251 can be made to operate as a stand alone counter/timer. It Counter/Timer can measure the following functions: frequency, period, period averaged, pulse width and it also can accumulate and totalize incoming pulses.

  • Page 34: Output State

    Filters Two filters are built into the 5251. These filters are available for use in various applications such as the creation of high frequency sine waves and removing the staircase effect from waveforms that are generated with high frequency clock rates.
  • Page 35 TE5251 User Manual This page was intentionally left blank 1-18...
  • Page 36 Chapter 2 Configuring the Instrument Title Page Installation Overview ......................2-3 Unpacking and Initial Inspection ..................2-3 Safety Precautions ......................2-3 Operating ........................... 2-4 Environment ........................2-4 Power Requirements......................2-4 Grounding Requirements ....................2-4 Calibration .......................... 2-5 Abnormal Conditions ......................2-5 Long Term Storage or Repackaging For Shipment ............
  • Page 37 TE5251 User Manual...

  • Page 38: Configuring The Instrument

    This product is intended for use by qualified persons who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. The following sections contain information and cautions that must be observed to keep the 5251 operating in a correct and safe condition. CAUTION...

  • Page 39: Operating

    5251 fully conforms to the latest PXI specifications, including 3.3V supply rail. The 5251 is intended for indoor use and should be operated in a clean, dry environment with an ambient temperature within the range of 0 °C to 40 °C.

  • Page 40: Calibration

    WARNING Any use of the 5251 in a manner not specified by the manufacturer may impair the protection provided by the instrument If the instrument is to be stored for a long period of time or shipped Long Term immediately, proceed as directed below.

  • Page 41: Preparation For Use

    5251 inside the PXI chassis, copying instrument drivers to the computer and installing the graphical interface (ArbConnection). The 5251 is supplied in an antistatic bag. Check the seal on the bag Removing the to make sure the bag was not opened in a static-unsafe Instrument from environment.

  • Page 42: Installing Instrument Drivers

    Configuring the Instrument Installing Instrument Drivers Installing The 5251 is a Plug & Play instrument, meaning that after you install it in your PXI chassis, Windows will automatically detect its Instrument Drivers presence and will ask you to supply the appropriate drivers to operate this instrument.

  • Page 43: The Welcome To The Found New Hardware Wizard

    TE5251 User Manual 2. Insert the 5251 board into a free PXI slot. Power on your PXI chassis 4. Power on the computer. Windows should first detect the new hardware device with a “Found New Hardware Wizard” message box. 5. Windows then displays the “Found New Hardware Wizard” as shown in Figure 2-1, which will search for new drivers Follow the procedure as shown below.

  • Page 44: Install Hardware Device Drivers

    Configuring the Instrument Figure ‎ 2 -2 – Install Hardware Device Drivers Press Next and you’ll now be prompted to select the location of your driver files on your computer as shown in Figure 2-3. Check the “Specify a Location” option only. Figure ‎...

  • Page 45: Copying Device Drivers

    TE5251 User Manual The 5251 is supplied with an installation At this time, CD. Insert this CD into your CD-ROM drive. If you already have the instrument drivers installed somewhere on your computer, you can specify your custom location. Either type in the complete path or click on the Browse button to identify your driver location.

  • Page 46: Driver Files Search Results

    3. Double click on the System icon and then on the Hardware 4. On the Hardware tab click on the Device Manager button. Click on Tabor Electronics. If you installed the driver properly, your device manager should show the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Model 5251 as shown in figure 2-7.

  • Page 47: Installing Software Utilities

    Click on “X” to remove the System Properties dialog box from the screen. Installing Software The 5251 is supplied with a CD that contains the following programs: IVI Driver, ArbConnection, device driver and some other Utilities utilities to aid you with the operation of the instrument, including a manual in pdf format.

  • Page 48: Installing Ivi Drivers And Arbconnection

    – www.ni.com. Installation and operating instruction for ArbConnection are given in Chapter 4. The Device driver is mandatory to operate the 5251. If you do not intend to use any of the IVI or ArbConnection software utilities, you must copy the dll to your development folder.

  • Page 49: Install Preparation

    TE5251 User Manual Figure ‎ 2 -8 – Install preparation After finishing the “Preparing to Install” phase, the install wizard shown in Figure 2-9 will take you to the first installation step assuming that no problems were detected. Figure ‎ 2 -9 – First Installation Step 2-14...

  • Page 50: Customer Information Step

    Figure ‎ 2 -10 – Customer Information Step After typing the customer details press Next and select the Setup Type. You can select from three options: 1) Select 5251 if you purchased and are installing the 5251, or 2) Select Custom if you are an advanced user and want to refine your installation process.

  • Page 51: Selecting Setup Type

    TE5251 User Manual Figure ‎ 2 -11 – Selecting Setup Type If you select the Custom option, proceed to change your Destination Folder, as shown in Figure 2-12, by pressing the Browse button, select the appropriate path, press OK and then press Next. Figure ‎...

  • Page 52: Setup Complete

    Configuring the Instrument The final step to complete the installation process, you’ll be prompted to restart your computer. You can select to either restart your computer immediately or do it later, but remember that the software will not function properly if you do not restart your computer.

  • Page 53: Arbconnection

    Chapter 3 ArbConnection Title Page What’s in This Chapter? ....................... 3-3  Introduction to ArbConnection ..................... 3-3  Installing ArbConnection ...................... 3-3  Quitting ArbConnection ....................3-4  For the New and Advanced Users ................3-4  Conventions Used in This Manual ................. 3-4  The Opening Screen ......................3-5  ArbConnection Features ......................
  • Page 54 TE5251 User Manual The Composers Panels ....................3-34  The Wave Composer ....................3-35  The Toolbar ......................... 3-41  The Waveform Screen ....................3-42  Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor ............3-43  Writing Equations ......................3-45  Equation Convention ....................3-46  Typing Equations ......................3-47  Equation Samples .......................

  • Page 55: What's In This Chapter

    ArbConnection. Introduction to ArbConnection and examples how Chapter? to program instrument controls and parameters and how to generate waveforms and download them to the 5251 are also given in the following sections. In general, ArbConnection is a utility program that serves as an aid Introduction to for programming the Model 5251.

  • Page 56: Quitting Arbconnection

    TE5251 User Manual Before you start roaming through menus and editing commands, we Quitting strongly recommend that you make yourself familiar with ArbConnection ArbConnection basics and concept. For now quit the program and spend some more time with this section of the manual. Point the mouse cursor to the File menu and press the left mouse button.

  • Page 57: The Opening Screen

    ArbConnection The Opening Screen Invoke ArbConnection by double clicking on the icon. If you cannot The Opening find the icon on your desktop, click on Start, Programs and Screen ArbConnection. The opening screen will show. If you installed the program correctly, your screen should look as shown in Figure 3-1. Figure 3-1, Startup &...

  • Page 58: Arbconnection Features

    Link pull-down window. The active instrument is displayed with its associated address. If you run ArbConnection in offline mode, the Link bar will show 5251, Offline. The Panels toolbar, as shown in Figure 3-3, provides direct access to instrument control panels.

  • Page 59: The Control Panels

    ArbConnection The Control Panels The control panels look and feel just as if you would operate an The Control instrument from its front panel. They even look like instrument front Panels panels, so operating function and changing parameters is easy and intuitive.

  • Page 60: The Operation Panels

    Execute button. Digital Display – The display is used for displaying and reading various 5251 parameters, just as you would use it on your instrument. Note Normal color of the digital reading is dark blue. If you...

  • Page 61: Main

    ArbConnection The Control Panels Figure 3-4, the Operations Panels The Main Panel, as shown in Figure 3-5, is the first panel you see Main after invoking ArbConnection. Notice how buttons and LED’s are grouped; this is done specifically so that common parameters are placed in functional groups.
  • Page 62 If you are connected properly to a PC and ArbConnection has detected your instrument, then every time you press a button, you are getting an immediate action on the 5251. It is different if you are changing parameters on the display; Doing this, you’ll have to press the Execute button for the command to update the instrument.

  • Page 63: Standard

    Parameters that are associated with each waveform are automatically displayed when the waveform is selected. Note that by clicking a button in this group, you are immediately updating the 5251 output with this waveform shape. Parameters The parameters group contains buttons that control the source of the 10 MHz reference and the setting of the output frequency for the standard waveforms function.

  • Page 64: Arbitrary/Sequence

    Arb/Seq button on the Panels bar. Note that if you invoke the Arbitrary & Sequence Panel from the Panels menu, the 5251 will not change its output type. On the other hand, if you select the arbitrary, or the sequenced options from the Main Panel, the 5251 will immediately change its output to the selected waveform type.
  • Page 65 The Sequence Advance Mode group provides control over advance modes for the sequence generator. Advance options are: Auto, Stepped, Single and Mixed. Refer to the 5251 manual to find out more when and how to use these advance modes. You should be...

  • Page 66: Using The Memory Partition Table

    Waveforms are downloaded to the instrument as coordinates and are stored in the 5251 in a place designated as “waveform memory”. The waveform memory has a finite size of 2M.

  • Page 67: Using The Waveform Studio

    The Save key saves the current session so you can start the Memory Partition table from the same point after you close this session. The Download key updates the 5251 with the present segment table settings. Memory...

  • Page 68: The Waveform Studio

    Mapped, if file name has been assigned to the segment but the Download button has not been used yet to move the file to the 5251 memory, or Loaded, if the process has been completed by pressing either the Download button or the All (download all) button.
  • Page 69 This tool is called – Sequence Table. Using the Sequence table you can use waveforms that you already downloaded to the 5251 from the Segment table, link and loop in random order to create one long and complex waveform that combines the individual memory segments.

  • Page 70: The Sequence Table

    TE5251 User Manual Figure 3-10, the Sequence Table The Sequence Table is demonstrated in Figure 3-10. To access the Sequence table, click anywhere on the Sequence Table area. If it was not yet, it will turn white as opposed to the Segment Table area that turns gray.

  • Page 71: Trigger

    To modify the instrument run mode, use the Main Panel. The trigger parameters and setting in the Trigger Panel will have an effect on the 5251 only if an appropriate run mode setting has been selected. The Trigger Panel groups allow (from left to right) adjustment of Trigger Modifier and their associated Trigger Parameters.

  • Page 72: The Trigger Panel

    Trigger Parameters Slope - The Slope group lets you select edge sensitivity for the trigger input of the 5251. If you click on Pos, the instrument will trigger on the rising edge of the trigger signal. Likewise, if you click on Neg, the instrument will trigger on the falling edge of the trigger signal.

  • Page 73: The Modulation Panels

    ArbConnection The Control Panels The Modulation functions were designed over five separate panels, The Modulation as shown in Figures 3-13 through 3-17. The panels are invoked by Panels pressing the Modulation header and then one of the modulation panels that appear below it (Figure 3-12). These panels provide access to the modulation functions.

  • Page 74: The Fm Panel

    TE5251 User Manual other hand, you can select the arbitrary modulating wave option where you can use any shape however, you must load the modulating waveform from an external application, such as the FM composer in ArbConnection. Click on the button next to the required modulating waveform shape to select it.

  • Page 75: Sweep

    You can use the dial, keyboard, or the [↑] [↓} keys to adjust the readout to the required setting. After you modify the reading, press Execute to update the 5251 with the new setting. 3-23...

  • Page 76: Ask/Fsk/Psk

    TE5251 User Manual Figure 3-15, the Sweep Modulation Panel The ASK/FSK/PSK panel contains parameters for controlling the ASK/FSK/PSK ASK, FSK and the PSK functions. To select the required function, click on the appropriate button and adjust the parameters in the associated group.

  • Page 77: The Ask/Fsk/Psk Modulation Panel

    ArbConnection The Control Panels Figure 3-16, the ASK/FSK/PSK Modulation Panel Control Data The Control Data button in the FSK group provides access to the data string that controls the sequence of base frequency and shifted frequency. It contains a list of “0” and “1” and the output will repeatedly follow the frequency shift keying sequence in the same order as programmed.

  • Page 78: Frequency Hop

    You can use the dial, keyboard, or the [↑] [↓} keys to adjust the readout to the required setting. After you modify the reading, press Execute to update the 5251 with the new reading. Frequency Hop The Frequency Hop panel contains parameters for controlling frequency hop options.

  • Page 79: The Frequency Hop Panel

    The value that is associated with the lit LED is displayed on the digital display. You can use the dial, keyboard, or the [↑] [↓} keys to adjust the readout to the required setting. After you modify the reading, press Execute to update the 5251 with the new setting. 3-27...

  • Page 80: The Auxiliary Panels

    5251 are purged. Measurement Function The measurement function group has control to select the measurement function for the counter/timer operation. The 5251 can measure the following function: Frequency, Period, Period Averaged, Pulse Width, and Totalize. The totalize function has two options.

  • Page 81: The Counter/Timer Panel

    ArbConnection The Control Panels Figure 3-19, the Counter/Timer Panel Display The Display Group has controls to select the display mode and to select if the display shows measurement or gate time readings. In normal mode, the counter is armed to receive signal at the trigger input.

  • Page 82: Pulse Generator

    TE5251 User Manual The Pulse Generator panel contains controls that select the pulse Pulse Generator function and adjusts the pulse parameters. The pulses are generated digitally suing the arbitrary waveform memory and digital computation and therefore, there are some limitations to the minimum to maximum range that must be observed.

  • Page 83: Half Cycle

    ArbConnection The Control Panels The Half Cycle panel contains controls that select the half cycle Half Cycle functions and adjust the half cycle parameters. The half cycle functions are generated with variable and controllable delay between the halves. If triggered mode, one half at a time is generated as a result of a trigger signal regardless of the programmed delay value.

  • Page 84: The System Panels

    A list of factory defaults is given in the programming chapter of this manual. Query Error – queries the 5251 for programming errors. This command is normally no necessary because ArbConnection makes...

  • Page 85: Calibration

    User Name and Password and to quality to perform such calibration, you’ll need to be trained and certified by Tabor Electronics. Information how to access the calibration panel and how to perform the calibration is given in the adjustment and firmware updates chapter.

  • Page 86: The Composers Panels

    TE5251 User Manual Figure 3-24, the Calibration Panel The Composers tab provides access to a group of composers that The Composers allow generation and editing of arbitrary waveforms, pulse shapes, Panels arbitrary frequency modulation and 3D profiling. Without utilities such as the above, the operation of an arbitrary waveform generator is extremely limiting.

  • Page 87: The Wave Composer

    ArbConnection The Control Panels Figure 3-25, the Composers Panels Being an arbitrary waveform generator, the 5251 has to be loaded The Wave Composer with waveform data before it can start generating waveforms. The waveform generation and editing utility is part of ArbConnection and is called –...
  • Page 88 The program is loaded with many features and options so use the following paragraphs to learn how to create edit and download waveforms to the 5251 using the Waveform Composer. To launch the wave composer point and click on the Wave tab in the Panels bar.

  • Page 89: The Open Waveform Dialog Box

    Save Waveform The Save Waveform (Ctrl+S) command will store your active waveform in your 5251 directory, as a binary file with an *.wav extension. If this is the first time you save your waveform, the Save Waveform As… command will be invoked automatically, letting you select name, location and format for your waveform file.
  • Page 90 TE5251 User Manual Edit Commands The Edit commands are used for manipulating the waveform that is drawn on the screen. The editing commands are explained in the following paragraphs. Autoline The Autoline command lets you draw straight-line segments. To draw a line the left mouse button at the start point. Click again at the next point and then click on the right mouse button to terminate this operation.
  • Page 91 ArbConnection The Control Panels Trim Right The trim right command lets you trim waveforms to the right of the anchor point. This command is grayed out if the right anchor was not moved from its original right position. The waveform is trimmed and the point at the right anchor point becomes the last point of the waveform.

  • Page 92: Zooming In On Waveform Segments

    TE5251 User Manual Figure 3-28, Zooming In on Waveform Segments Wave Commands The Wave commands let you create waveforms on the screen. The Wave command has a library of 8 waveforms: Sine, Triangle, Square, Sinc, Gaussian, Exponent, Pulse, Noise and dc. Also, from the Wave command, you can create Cardiac waveforms and pulse width modulation.

  • Page 93: The Toolbar

    ArbConnection The Control Panels End Point – Defines where the created waveform will end. Note that as you change the end point the right anchor will automatically adjust itself to the selected end point, 499 shown in the example. Cycles – The Cycles parameter defines how many sine cycles will be created within the specified start and end points.

  • Page 94: The Waveform Screen

    65,536 point (includes point “0”). This number represents 16 bits of vertical resolution and cannot be changed because it is critical to the range of which the 5251 operates. The horizontal axis, by default has 1000 points (from point 0 to 999).

  • Page 95: Generating Waveforms Using The Equation Editor

    ArbConnection Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor Notice on the left top and on the right top there are two triangles pointing to the center of the screen. These are the anchors. The anchors are used as the start and end pointers where your waveform will be created.
  • Page 96 TE5251 User Manual There are four sub-group parameters in the equation editor plus control buttons and equation field. These parts are described below. Anchor The anchors define start and end point of which the equation will be generated. By default the anchors are placed at the start and the end of the horizontal (time) scale however, the equation can be limited to a specific time scale by moving the anchor points from their default locations.

  • Page 97: Writing Equations

    In reality, the 5251 generates its waveforms exactly as shown on the screen but, if the waveform has many horizontal points, the steps get smaller and harder to see without magnification.

  • Page 98: Equation Convention

    TE5251 User Manual The following paragraphs describe the conventions that are used Equation for writing an equation. To avoid errors, it is extremely important Convention that you make yourself familiar with these conventions before you plan your waveforms. Equations are written in conventional mathematical notation. You may only enter the right part of the equation.

  • Page 99: Typing Equations

    ArbConnection Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor explore your own creativity to generate much more complicated and complex waveforms. If you remember from your old high school studies, the simplest Typing Equations curve of Y as a function of X is defined by the equation Y=aX+b. You can use the same “technique”...

  • Page 100: Equation Samples

    TE5251 User Manual So far, you have learned how to create two simple waveforms: Equation Samples straight lines and trigonometric functions. Let’s see if we can combine these waveforms to something more interesting. Take the straight line equation and add it to the sinewave equation: Amplitude(p)=12000*sin(omg*p*l0)-8*p+4000 Press [Preview].

  • Page 101: Using The Equation Editor To Modulate Sine Waveforms

    ArbConnection Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor Figure 3-34, Using the Equation Editor to Modulate Sine Waveforms. In the following example, as shown in Figure 3-40, 20% second harmonic distortion has been added to a standard sinewave. The original waveform had a peak-to-peak value of 24000 points so 19% second harmonic is equivalent to 4500 points.

  • Page 102: Using The Equation Editor To Add Second Harmonic Distortion

    TE5251 User Manual Figure 3-35, Using the Equation Editor to Add Second Harmonic Distortion. In Figure 3-41 we created 10 cycles of sinewave made to decay exponentially. The original expression for a standard sinewave is multiplied by the term e^(p/-250). Increasing the value of the divisor (200 in this case) will slow down the rate of decay.

  • Page 103: Using The Equation Editor To Generate Exponentially Decaying Sinewave

    ArbConnection Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor Figure 3-36, Using the Equation Editor to Generate Exponentially Decaying Sinewave The last example as shown in Figure 3-37 is the most complex to be discussed here. Here, 100 cycles of sinewave are amplitude modulated with 10 cycles of sine wave with a modulation depth of 20%.

  • Page 104: Combining Waveforms

    TE5251 User Manual Figure 3-37, Using the Editor to Build Amplitude Modulated Signal with Upper and Lower Sidebands The last but not least powerful feature allows you to combine Combining waveforms which you previously stored on your hard disc. You can Waveforms write mathematical expressions that contain waveforms, simple operands and trigonometric functions similar to the example given...

  • Page 105: The Pulse Composer

    ArbConnection Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor Step 3 – Write and compute the original equation: Amplitude(p)= c:/Sine.wav*sin(omg*p*5)*c:/Noise.wav/10 If you did not make any mistakes, your waveform screen should look as shown in Figure 3-38 Figure 3-38, Combining Waveforms into Equations The Pulse Composer is a great tool for creating and editing pulses The Pulse Composer without the need to think about sample clock, number of points and...

  • Page 106: The Pulse Composer Screen

    User Manual you can check the “Force pulse to one segment” option and the 5251 will do some extra “muscle flexing” to fit the pulse as required. To launch the pulse composer point and click on the Pulse tab in the Panels bar.
  • Page 107 Save The Save (Ctrl+S) command will store the active waveform in your 5251 directory with a *.pls extension. If this is the first time you save your waveform, the Save As… command will be invoked automatically, letting you select name, location and format for your waveform file.

  • Page 108: The Pulse Editor

    TE5251 User Manual Insert Section The insert Section command lets you insert a new section in between sections that were already designed. Only one new section can be inserted at the middle of the train. If an empty section already exists, the insert command will alert for an error. Delete Section The Delete Section command lets you remove sections from the pulse train without affecting the rest of the train.

  • Page 109: The Pulse Editor Options

    You can also clear the entire waveform memory using the Clear memory command. Note The Clear Memory command affects the entire waveform memory of the 5251 and therefore, be careful not to erase memory segments that you’ll need to use with the arbitrary function. 3-57...

  • Page 110: The Pulse Composer Toolbar Icons

    TE5251 User Manual The Pulse Composer The toolbar contains icons for editing the waveform screen, icons Toolbar for saving and loading waveforms, fields for selecting an active channel and more. The Toolbar is shown in Figure 3-42. The icons, from left to right operate the following functions: New waveform, Open an existing waveform file, Save pulse train, Save pulse train As, Print the screen and open the pulse editor dialog box.

  • Page 111: Complete Pulse Train Design

    ArbConnection Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor Figure 3-43, Complete Pulse Train Design Figure 3-44, Section 5 of the Pulse Train Design 3-59...

  • Page 112: Selecting Pulse Editor Options

    TE5251 User Manual Now that we somewhat understand the terms we use for the pulse design, we start with an example how to design the pulse train as shown in Figure 3-43. If you already have some pulses shown on your pulse composer screen, click on New to start from a fresh page.
  • Page 113 ArbConnection Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor The force pulse sections to multiple segments option will place each section of the pulse train into a different memory segment and the generator will automatically be set to operate in sequenced mode. Select this option for the example we are going to build later.

  • Page 114: Using The Pulse Editor

    TE5251 User Manual Figure 3-46, Using the Pulse Editor The Pulse Editor as shown in Figure 3-46 has four groups: Section Structure, Pulse Train Design Format, Section Properties and control buttons. These groups are described below. Pulse Train Design Format There are two methods (or formats) that can be use for designing the pulse shape: DC Intervals and Time/Level Points.
  • Page 115 ArbConnection Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor Time/Level Points – programs pulse turning points using level and time markers. This format is a bit more complex to use however, it allows pulse design that require linear transition times. For example, if you want to draw a simple square waveform that has 0V to 3.3V amplitude, 50% duty cycle, 1ms period and 100ns transition times, you enter the following parameters: Index = 1, Level = 0, Time interval = 0, (Cumulative Time = 0)

  • Page 116: Building Section 1 Of The Pulse Example

    TE5251 User Manual Repeat – Allows multiplication of pulse segments without the need to re-design repetitive parts. After you enter a repeat value, press the Apply button to lock in the repeat multiplier. Duration – Displays the time that will lapse from the start of the pulse section to the end.

  • Page 117: Building Section 2 Of The Pulse Example

    ArbConnection Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor Tips 1. Use the tab button to edit the Section Structure fields. 2. Use Append to add an index line at the end of the list. 3. Use insert to add a segment above a focused line. Before we proceed with the design of the next section, pay attention to some values that are now available on the composer screen.
  • Page 118 TE5251 User Manual Pulse Example, Section 2 The first pulse section is complete. We are ready now to start building the second section of the pulse as shown in Figure 3-48. Point and click on the Edit command and select the Append Section option.

  • Page 119: Building Section 3 Of The Pulse Example

    ArbConnection Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor Figure 3-49, Building Section 3 of the Pulse Example Pulse Example, Section 4 The third pulse section is complete. We are ready now to start building the forth section of the pulse as shown in Figure 3-44. Point and click on the Edit command and select the Append Section option.

  • Page 120: Building Section 4 Of The Pulse Example

    TE5251 User Manual Figure 3-50, Building Section 4 of the Pulse Example Pulse Example, Section 5 The fourth pulse section is complete. We are ready now to start building the fifth and final section of the pulse as shown in Figure 3- 44.

  • Page 121: Building Section 5 Of The Pulse Example

    ArbConnection Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor Figure 3-51, Building Section 5 of the Pulse Example Downloading the Pulse Congratulations for coming that far. If you followed the above Train description how to build this pulse example, the screen should look exactly as shown in Figures 4-43 and 4-51.

  • Page 122: The Pulse Editor Download Summary

    TE5251 User Manual Figure 3-52, the Pulse Editor Download Summary Interpreting the Download It is very important for you to understand that when you download a Summary pulse waveform from the pulse composer, parameters and mode of operation may change settings on your generator. The download summary shows what will change and will let you reject the new settings if you do not agree to the changes.

  • Page 123: The Fm Composer

    The FM composer is a great tool for controlling frequency agility by generating the agility curve as an arbitrary waveform. For example, if you create a sine waveform, the 5251 will generate frequency- modulated signal that will follow the sine pattern. The resolution and accuracy of the modulated waveform is unsurpassed and can only be duplicated by mathematical simulation.

  • Page 124: The Fm Composer Opening Screen

    Save Waveform The Save Waveform command will store your active waveform in your 5251 directory, as a binary file with a *.wvf extension. If this is the first time you save your waveform, the Save Waveform As… command will be invoked automatically, letting you select name, location and format for your waveform file.
  • Page 125 ArbConnection Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor Save Waveform As… Use the Save Waveform As… command the first time you save your waveform. It will let you select name, location and format for your waveform file. Print With this command you may print the active Waveform Window. The standard printer dialog box will appear and will let you select printer setup, or print the waveform page.

  • Page 126: Generating Sine Modulation Using The Fm Composer

    TE5251 User Manual Figure 3-54, Generating Sine Modulation Using the FM Composer Min. Peak Deviation – This parameter defines the backwards peak deviation. Note that the backwards peak deviation cannot exceed the pre-defined Deviation parameter as shown on the Toolbar. In case you need to exceed the pre-defined peak value you must quit this box and modify the Deviation parameter to provide sufficient range for the backwards peak deviation range.

  • Page 127: The 3D Composer

    ArbConnection Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor The 3D Composer was specifically designed for simultaneous The 3D Composer profiling of amplitude, frequency and phase. Amplitude profiles can be designed separately for channels 1 and 2, but frequency and phase profiles are shared by both channels. The following paragraphs will describe the various sections of the 3D composer and will guide you through some 3D programming examples.

  • Page 128: The Parameters Tab

    TE5251 User Manual The 3D composer has three main sections: Shared horizontal Controls, Vertical Controls and Graphical Screens. The panels on the left are used for designing the waveform parameters and the screens on the right side depict the shape of the profile. Below find a detailed description of all of these sections.

  • Page 129: The Expanded Parameters Options Dialog Box

    ArbConnection Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor The best idea is to let the 3D composer set up the sample clock and the number of points automatically for you however, in some cases you may fine tune your requirement by pressing the Expand button. Figure 3-57 shows the Expanded Parameters options dialog box.

  • Page 130: The 3D Vertical Controls

    TE5251 User Manual The Offset group controls DC offsets of the modulated waveform. Changing offset does not affect other parameters except the location of the waveform along the vertical axis. The Clear Design button resets the 3D composer and the Reduce button closes the dialog box.

  • Page 131: The 3D Graphical Screens

    ArbConnection Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor Graphical Screens The Graphical Screens are shown in Figure 3-59. You can not change anything on the screens however, anything that you design in the Vertical Controls fields will automatically be updated and displayed on the graphical screens.

  • Page 132: The Command Editor

    Figure 3-60, 3D Chirp Design Example The Command Editor is an excellent tool for learning low level The Command programming of the 5251. Invoke the Command Editor from the Editor System menu at the top of the screen. Dialog box, as shown in Figure 3-61 will pop up.

  • Page 133: Logging Scpi Commands

    Figure 3-61, the Command Editor Low-level SCPI commands and queries can be directly sent to the 5251 from the Command field and the instrument will respond to queries in the Response field. The command editor is very useful while developing your own application. Build your confidence or test various commands using the command editor.

  • Page 134: Log File Example

    TE5251 User Manual Figure 3-62, Log File Example 3-82...

  • Page 135: Remote Programming Reference

    Chapter 4 Remote Programming Reference Title Page What’s in This Chapter ...................... 4-3  What is Required ....................... 4-3  Introduction to SCPI ......................4-3  Command Format ......................4-4  Command Separator ..................... 4-4  The MIN and MAX Parameters ..................4-5  Querying Parameter Setting ..................4-5  Query Response Format ....................
  • Page 136 TE5251 User Manual PSK Modulation Programming ..................4-63  Run Mode Commands ......................4-66  Auxiliary Commands ......................4-72  Digital Pulse Programming .................... 4-73  Counter/Timer Programming ..................4-78  Half Cycle Programming ....................4-81  System Commands ....................... 4-83  IEEE-STD-488.2 Common Commands and Queries ............4-85  Error Messages ........................4-85 ...

  • Page 137: What's In This Chapter

    Complete listing of all commands used for programming the 5251 is given in Table 4-1. To successfully use this instrument, the following conditions must What is Required be met: 1.

  • Page 138: Command Format

    TE5251 User Manual SCPI is an ASCII-based instrument command language designed for test and measurement instruments. SCPI commands are based on a hierarchical structure known as a tree system. In this system, associated commands are grouped together under a common node or root, thus forming subsystems.

  • Page 139: The Min And Max Parameters

    Remote Programming Reference Introduction to SCPI is the same as sending the following three commands: :TRIG:SLOP NEG :TRIG:COUN 10 :TRIG:LEV -1 Use the colon and semicolon to link commands from different subsystems. For example, in the following command string, an error is generated if both the colon and the semicolon are not used.

  • Page 140: Scpi Parameter Type

    The same command can also be written as follows: OUTP:FILT {0 | 1 } Arbitrary Block Arbitrary block parameters are used for loading waveforms into the generator's memory. Depending on which option is installed, the Parameters Model 5251 can accept binary blocks up to 1M bytes. The following...

  • Page 141: Binary Block Parameters

    Square brackets ( [ ] ) are used to enclose a keyword that is optional when programming the command; that is, the 5251 will process the command to have the same effect whether the optional node is omitted by the programmer or not.

  • Page 142: Model 5251 Scpi Commands List Summary

    TE5251 User Manual Table 4-1, Model 5251 SCPI Commands List Summary Keyword Parameter Form Default Instrument Control Commands :OUTPut :LOAD 50 to 1e6 [:STATe] OFF | ON | 0 | 1 :SYNC [:STATe] OFF | ON | 0 | 1...
  • Page 143 Remote Programming Reference SCPI Syntax and Styles Table 4-1, Model 5251 SCPI Commands List Summary (continued) Keyword Parameter Form Default :RAMP :DELay 0 to 99.99 :TRANsition [:LEADing] 0 to 99.99 :TRAiling 0 to 99.99 :SINC :NCYCle 4 to 100 :GAUSsian...
  • Page 144 TE5251 User Manual Keyword Parameter Form Default Modulated Waveforms Commands [:SOURce] :MODulation :TYPE OFF | FM | AM | SWE | FSK | ASK | PSK | FHOPping | 3D :CARRier [:FREQuency] 10 to 100e6 :BASeline CARRier | DC CARR :LOAD :DEMO :DEViation...
  • Page 145 Remote Programming Reference SCPI Syntax and Styles Table 4-1, Model 5251 SCPI Commands List Summary (continued) Keyword Parameter Form Default Modulated Waveforms Commands (continued) :FSK :FREQuency :SHIFted 10 to 100e6 100e3 :BAUD 1 to 10e6 10e3 :MARKer 1 to 4000 :DATA <data_array>...
  • Page 146 TE5251 User Manual Table 4-1, Model 5251 SCPI Commands List Summary (continued) Keyword Parameter Form Default Run Mode Commands :INITiate [:IMMediately] :CONTinuous OFF | ON | 0 | 1 :TRIGger [:IMMediate] :BURSt [:STATe] OFF | ON | 0 | 1...
  • Page 147 Remote Programming Reference SCPI Syntax and Styles Table 4-1, Model 5251 SCPI Commands List Summary (continued) Keyword Parameter Form Default Auxiliary Functions Commands (continued) :AUXiliary :PULSe :DELay 0 to 1e3 :DOUBle [:STATe] OFF | ON | 0 | 1 :DELay...

  • Page 148: Instrument Control Commands

    TE5251 User Manual Instrument This group is used to control output channels and their respective state, amplitude and offset settings, as well as the waveform mode. Control You can also set the phase offset between channels and select Commands filters to re-structure the shape of your waveform. Multiple instruments can be synchronized with these commands, as well.
  • Page 149 OUTPut{OFF|ON|0|1}(?) Description This command will turn the 5251 output on and off. Note that for safety, the outputs always default to off, even if the last instrument setting before power down was on Parameters Range...
  • Page 150 Discrete Connects a 120MHz, Elliptic type filter, to the output path Response The 5251 will return NONE, 25M, 50M, 60M, or 120M depending on the type of filter presently connected to the output. ROSCillator:SOURce{INTernal|EXTernal}(?) Description This command will select the reference source for the sample clock generator.
  • Page 151 Will set the frequency of the standard waveform to the highest possible frequency (100e6). Response The 5251 will return the present frequency value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 100mHz would be returned as 100e-3 – positive numbers are unsigned). 4-17...
  • Page 152 5251, in the range of the internal source, for it to continue normal operation. Observe the input level and limitations before connecting an external signal. Response The 5251 will return EXT if an external source is selected, or INT if the internal source is selected. 4-18...
  • Page 153 Will set the amplitude to the highest possible level (10V). Response The 5251 will return the present amplitude value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 100mV would be returned as 100e-3 – positive numbers are unsigned). VOLTage:OFFSet<offs>(?) Description This command programs the amplitude offset of the output waveform.
  • Page 154 The half cycle generator functions and parameters can be programmed using the auxiliary commands. Response The 5251 will return FIX, USER, SEQ, MOD, COUN, PULS or HALF depending on the present 5251 setting. 4-20...

  • Page 155: Standard Waveforms Control Commands

    Remote Programming Reference Standard Waveforms Control Commands Standard This group is used to control the standard waveforms and their respective parameters. There is an array of standard waveforms Waveforms that could be used without the need to download waveform Control coordinates to the instrument.
  • Page 156 NOISe Discrete Selects the noise waveform from the built in library. Response The 5251 will return SIN, TRI, SQU, PULS, RAMP, SINC, EXP, GAUS, NOIS, or DC depending on the present 5251 setting SINusoid:PHASe<phase>(?) Description This command programs start phase of the standard sine waveform. This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms.
  • Page 157 0.1° throughout the entire frequency range of the triangular waveform. Response The 5251 will return the present start phase value. SQUare:DCYCle<duty_cycle>(?) Description This command programs duty cycle of the standard square waveform. This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms.
  • Page 158 Programs the pulse rise time parameter in units of 99.999 percent Response The 5251 will return the present rise time value PULSe:TRANsition:TRAiling<fall>(?) Description This command programs pulse transition from high to low of the standard pulse waveform. This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms.
  • Page 159 Programs the ramp delay parameter in units of 99.99 percent Response The 5251 will return the present ramp delay value. Ramp:TRANsition<rise>(?) Description This command programs ramp transition from low to high of the standard ramp waveform. This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms.
  • Page 160 Programs the number of zero-crossings parameter (Integer only) Response The 5251 will return the present number of zero-crossing value. GAUSsian:EXPonent<exp>(?) Description This command programs the exponent for the standard gaussian pulse waveform. This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms.
  • Page 161 This command programs the exponent for the standard exponential waveform. This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms. Parameters Name Range Type Default Description <amplitude> -5 to 5 Numeric Programs the DC amplitude parameter Response The 5251 will return the present DC amplitude value. 4-27...

  • Page 162: Arbitrary Waveforms Control Commands

    Minimum segment size is 16 points. Information on how to partition the memory, define segment length and download waveform data to the 5251 is given in the following paragraphs. Table 4-4, Arbitrary Waveforms Commands Summary...
  • Page 163 TRACe#<header><binary_block> Description This command will download waveform data to the 5251 memory. Waveform data is loaded to the 5251 using high-speed binary transfer. A special command is defined by IEEE-STD-488.2 for this purpose. High- speed binary transfer allows any 8-bit bytes (including extended ASCII code) to be transmitted in a message.

  • Page 164: Definite Length Arbitrary Block Data Format

    Figure 4-3 shows the same 16-bit word as in Figure 4-2, except the high and low bytes are swapped. This is the correct format that the 5251 expects as waveform point data. The first byte to be sent to the generator is the low-byte and then high-byte.
  • Page 165 NOTE The 5251 operates in interlaced mode where four memory cells generate one byte of data. Therefore, segment size can be programmed in numbers evenly divisible by four only. For example, 2096 bytes is an acceptable length for a binary block. 2002 is not a multiple of 4, therefore the generator will generate an error message if this segment length is used.
  • Page 166 Selects the active segment number number> (integer only) Response The 5251 will return the active segment number. SEGment#<header><binary_block> Description This command will partition the waveform memory to smaller segments and will speed up memory segmentation. The idea is that waveform segments can be built as one long waveform and then just use this command to split the waveform to the appropriate memory segments.

  • Page 167: Segment Address And Size Example

    8-bit words only. Therefore, the data has to be prepared as 32-bit words and rearranged as six 8-bit words before it can be used by the 5251 as segment table data. Figure 5-4 shows how to prepare the 32-bit work for the segment start address and size.

  • Page 168: Sequenced Waveforms Control Commands

    Sequenced waveforms are generated from waveforms stored in the 5251 as memory segments. Therefore, before a sequence can be used, download waveform segments to the arbitrary memory using TRAC# or DMA methods. Information on how to partition the memory and how to download waveforms is given in the section entitled Generating Arbitrary Waveforms.

  • Page 169: Sequence Control Commands

    8-bit words only. Therefore, the data has to be prepared as 64-bit words and rearranged as six 8-bit words before it can be used by the 5251 as sequence table data. Figure 5-6 shows how to prepare the 64-bit word for the sequence step, repeat and mixed mode flag.

  • Page 170: Bit Sequence Table Download Format

    2. Minimum number of sequencer steps is 1; maximum number is 4096 3. The number of bytes in a complete sequence table must divide by 8. The Model 5251 has no control over data sent to its sequence table during data transfer. Therefore, wrong data and/or incorrect number of bytes will cause erroneous sequence partition 4.
  • Page 171 There are three conditions for the sequence generator to operate in this mode: 1) The 5251 must be set to operate in continuous mode 2) Select the MIX sequence advance mode 3) Assign the mixed mode bits for each sequence step in your SEQ:DEF command.
  • Page 172 User Manual and only a valid trigger signal will advance this step to the next step. Response The 5251 will return the AUTO, STEP, SING, or MIX depending on the present sequence advance mode setting. SEQuence:SELect<sequence_number>(?) Description This command will select an active sequence to be generated at the output connector. By selecting the...
  • Page 173 The <mode> parameter will be ignored if you will use SING as advance mode for the sequence table. Every time you use the SEQ:DEF command while your 5251 is in sequenced operating mode, the instrument attempts to rebuild the sequence table and restart the sequence.
  • Page 174 The sync output will transition high at the beginning of the sequence and will transition low at the end of the sequence, less 16 waveform points. Response The 5251 will return BIT or LCOM depending on the present SYNC mode 4-40...

  • Page 175: Modulated Waveforms Control Commands

    Remote Programming Reference Modulated Waveforms Control Commands Modulated This group is used to control the modulated waveforms and their respective parameters. Note that the modulation can be turned off Waveforms to create continuous carrier waveform (CW). The following Control modulation schemes can be selected and controlled: FM, AM, FSK, ASK, Sweep, Frequency hops and 3D.

  • Page 176: Modulated Waveforms Commands

    TE5251 User Manual Table 4 4-6, Modulated Waveforms Commands (continued) Keyword Parameter Form Default [:SOURce] Frequency Shift Keying Modulation Commands :FSK :FREQuency :SHIFted 10 to 100e6 100e3 :BAUD 1 to 10e6 10e3 :MARKer 1 to 4000 :DATA <data_array> Amplitude Shift Keying Modulation Commands :ASK [:AMPLitude] [:STARt]...
  • Page 177 This turns on the 3D function. Program the 3D Discrete parameters to fine tune the function for your application. Response The 5251 will return OFF, FM, AM, SWE, FSK, ASK, PSK, FHOP or 3D depending on the present modulation type setting. MODulation:CARRier<frequency>(?) 4-43...
  • Page 178 DC level. Response The 5251 will return CARR, or DC depending on the present carrier baseline setting. MODulation:LOAD:DEMO Description This command will load demo table to the memory. The table type depends on the selected modulation function.

  • Page 179: Fm Modulation Programming

    100e6 frequency in units of Hz. Response The 5251 will return the present deviation frequency value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 100mHz would be returned as 100e-3 – positive numbers are unsigned). FM:FUNCtion:SHAPe(SINusoid|TRIangle|SQUare|RAMP|ARB}(?) Description This command will select one of the waveform shapes as the active modulating waveform.
  • Page 180 Hz. The frequency of the built-in standard modulating waveforms only is affected. Response The 5251 will return the present modulating waveform frequency value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 100mHz would be returned as 100e-3 – positive numbers are unsigned).
  • Page 181 8 data bas lines and accepts 8-bit words only. Therefore, the data has to be prepared as 32-bit words and rearranged as five 8-bit words before it can be used by the 5251 as FM modulating waveform data. Figure 4-47...
  • Page 182 1. The FM function is shared by both channels 2. The number of bytes in a complete FM modulating waveform data must divide by 4. The Model 5251 has no control over data sent to its FM waveform during data transfer. Therefore, wrong data and/or incorrect number of bytes will cause errors 3.

  • Page 183: Am Modulation Programming

    Selects the ramp shape as the modulating waveform RAMP Discrete Response The 5251 will return SIN, TRI, SQU, or RAMP depending on the selected function shape setting. AM:FREQuency<am_freq>(?) Description This command will set the modulating wave frequency for the built-in standard modulating waveform library.
  • Page 184 This command will set the modulating wave frequency for the built-in standard modulating waveform library. Parameters Name Range Type Default Description <depth> 0 to 100 Numeric Programs the depth of the modulating waveform in units of percent. Response The 5251 will return the present modulating depth value. 4-50...

  • Page 185: Sweep Modulation Programming

    100e6 programmed in units of Hz. Response The 5251 will return the present sweep start frequency value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 100mHz would be returned as 100e-3 – positive numbers are unsigned). SWEep:STOP<stop_freq>(?) Description This specifies the sweep stop frequency.
  • Page 186 SWEep:TIMe<time>(?) Description This specifies the time that will take the 5251 to sweep from start to stop frequencies. The time does not depend on the sweep boundaries as it is automatically adjusted by the software to the required interval. At the end of the sweep cycle the output waveform maintains the sweep stop frequency setting except if the 5251 is in continuous run mode where the sweep repeats itself continuously.
  • Page 187 Programs the marker frequency position in units of 100e6 Response The 5251 will return the present marker frequency value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 100mHz would be returned as 100e-3 – positive numbers are unsigned). 4-53...

  • Page 188: Fsk Modulation Programming

    Hz. Response The 5251 will return the present baud value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 100mHz would be returned as 100e-3 – positive numbers are unsigned). 4-54...
  • Page 189 Description Loads the data stream that will cause the 5251 to hop from carrier to shifted frequency and visa versa. Data format is a string of "0" and "1" which define when the output generates carrier frequency and when it shifts frequency to the FSK value.

  • Page 190: Ask Modulation Programming

    Programs the amplitude setting in units of volt. Response The 5251 will return the present amplitude value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 100mV would be returned as 100e-3 – positive numbers are unsigned). ASK:SHIFted<shift_ampl>(?) Description This programs the shifted amplitude.
  • Page 191 Description Loads the data stream that will cause the 5251 to hop from one amplitude level to shifted amplitude level and visa versa. Data format is a string of "0" and "1" which define when the output generates base level and when it shifts amplitude to the ASK value.

  • Page 192: Modulation Programming

    Dwell time is programmed in units of s. Response The 5251 will return the present dwell time value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 100mHz would be returned as 100e-3 – positive numbers are unsigned). FHOP:FIX:DATA<fix_hop_data>...
  • Page 193 Below you can see how a hop table is constructed. The file sample below shows a list of 10 frequencies. The 5251 will hop through this list, outputting the next frequency each time it hops. Note that the carrier waveform is always sinewave and that the last cycle is always completed even if the dwell time is shorter than the period of the waveform.
  • Page 194 TE5251 User Manual Description Programs where on the frequency list the 5251 will generate a pulse, designated as Hop marker, or index point. The marker pulse is generated at the SYNC output connector. Parameters Name Range Type Default Description <index>...

  • Page 195: Modulation Programming

    3D data must be downloaded to the 5251 before it can generate 3D profiles. The best way to generate such data would be by using the supplied ArbConnection program. Information how to use ArbConnection is given in a separate chapter of this manual.
  • Page 196 S/s. Response The 5251 will return the present sample clock of the 3D modulating waveform value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 100mHz would be returned as 100e-3 – positive numbers are unsigned).

  • Page 197: Psk Modulation Programming

    Description Loads the data stream that will cause the 5251 to hop from phase to phase. Data format is a string of "0" and "1" which define when the output generates the various phases. The size of the data word depends on the PSK function.
  • Page 198 Below you can see how an PSK data table and a 16PSK data table are constructed. The PSK data table sample below shows a list of 10 shifts. The 5251 will step through this list, outputting either start or shifted phases, depending on the data list: Zero will generate start phase and One will generate shifted phase.
  • Page 199 Remote Programming Reference Modulated Waveforms Control Commands The 5251 will return the present baud value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 100mHz would be returned as 100e-3 – positive numbers are unsigned). 4-65...

  • Page 200: Run Mode Commands

    These commands control the trigger Commands modes of the Model 5251. The generator can be placed in Triggered, Gated or Burst mode. Trigger source is selectable from an external source, an internal re-trigger generator or a software trigger.
  • Page 201 The 5251 will return OFF, or ON depending on the selected option. TRIGger:BURSt{OFF|ON|0|1}(?) Description This command will toggle the counted burst run mode on and off. This command will affect the 5251 only after it will be set to INIT:CONT OFF. Parameters...
  • Page 202 The 5251 will return the present trigger delay time value. TRIGger:GATE{OFF|ON|0|1}(?) Description This command will toggle the gate run mode on and off. This command will affect the 5251 only after it will be set to INIT:CONT OFF. Parameters Name...
  • Page 203 TRIGger:SOURce:ADVance{EXTernal|BUS|MIXed|TTLTrig 0-7 |STAR}(?) Description This selects the source from where the 5251 will be stimulated to generate waveforms. The source advance command will affect the generator only after it has been programmed to operate in interrupted run mode. Modify the 5251 to interrupted run mode using the init:cont off command.
  • Page 204 The 5251 will return POS, or NEG depending on the selected trigger slope setting. RETRigger{OFF|ON|0|1}(?) Description This command will toggle the re-trigger mode on and off. This command will affect the 5251 only after it will be set to INIT:CONT OFF. Parameters...
  • Page 205 STAR lines simultaneously. The TE5251 controls star lines in slots 3 through 10. Parameters Name Type Default Description OFF (0) Discrete Turns the STAR mode off. ON (1) Discrete Enables the STAR mode. Response The 5251 will return 1 if star lines are active, or 0 if star lines are disabled. 4-71...
  • Page 206 Commands generator however, constitute an important part of operating the 5251. These commands can transform the 5251 into a stand-alone pulse generator, or counter/timer. Also use these commands to generate half cycle waveforms. The auxiliary commands are listed in Table 4-8.

  • Page 207: Auxiliary Commands

    Parameters Range Type Default Description Discrete Sets the double pulse mode on and off Response The 5251 will return 0, or 1 depending on the present double mode setting. 4-73...
  • Page 208 Response The 5251 will return the present double pulse delay value in units of seconds. AUXiliary:PULse:HIGH<high>(?) Description This command will program the interval the pulse will dwell on the high level value. Although they have similar interpretation, the high time and pulse width are significantly different.
  • Page 209 Also note that high to low level value must be equal or larger than 8 mV. Response The 5251 will return the present low level value in unit of volts. AUXiliary:PULse:LEVel:LOW<low>(?) Description This command will program the phase offset between two adjacent instruments. Normally this command should be used on the slave unit.
  • Page 210 INVerted Discrete Programs an inverted pulse output Response The 5251 will return NORM, COMP or INV depending on the present polarity setting AUXiliary:PULse{OFF|ON|0|1}(?) Description Use this command to disable a specific channel from calculating pulse parameters. This is specifically useful for accelerating pulse computation for channels that are needed for pulse generation.
  • Page 211 Remote Programming Reference Auxiliary Commands Response The 5251 will return the present rise time value in units of seconds. AUXiliary:PULse:TRANsition:TRAiling<fall>(?) Description This command will program the interval it will take the pulse to transition from its high to low level settings.

  • Page 212: Counter/Timer Programming

    Frequency is measured on continuous signal only. The result of the frequency measurement has gate-dependent resolution. The 5251 displays 7 digits of frequency reading in one second of gate time. If the gate time is decreased, the number of displayed digits decreases proportionally to the gate time interval.
  • Page 213 The counter can accumulate 8 digits before it will overflow. An overflow indication is available. Response The 5251 will return FREQ, PER, APER, PULS, GTOT or ITOT depending on the present measurement function setting. COUNter:DISPlay:MODe{NORMal|HOLD(?) Description This command will program the display time mode for the counter/timer. The two modes are normal for continuous display readings and hold for single reading after arming the counter input.
  • Page 214 Response The 5251 will return the result of the present measurement function reading. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 10 MHz would be returned as 10e6 – positive numbers are unsigned).

  • Page 215: Half Cycle Programming

    Will set the delay time interval between half cycles in units of seconds. Response The 5251 will return the square wave duty cycle value in units of percent. AUXiliary:HALFcycle:FREQuency<freq>(?) Description This command programs the frequency of the half cycle waveforms in units of hertz (Hz). It has no affect on the frequency of other waveform functions.
  • Page 216 Hz. This parameter does not affect the frequency of other waveform functions. Response The 5251 will return the present half cycle frequency value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 100mHz would be returned as 100e-3 – positive numbers are unsigned). AUXiliary:HALFcycle:PHASe<phase>(?) Description This command programs the start phase of the half cycle sine and triangle waveform.

  • Page 217: System Commands

    Description Query only. This query will interrogate the 5251 for programming errors. Response The 5251 will return error code. Error messages are listed later in this manual. SYSTem:INFormation:CALibration? Description Query only. This query will interrogate the instrument for its last calibration date.
  • Page 218 Query only. This query will interrogate the instrument for its model number in a format similar to the following: 5251. The model number is programmed to a secure location in the flash memory and cannot be modified by the user.

  • Page 219: Ieee-Std-488.2 Common Commands And Queries

    "BUS". Error Messages In general, whenever the 5251 receives an invalid SCPI command, it automatically generates an error. Errors are stored in a special error queue and may be retrieved from this buffer one at a time.
  • Page 220 Change parameters to correct the problem. 2. ampl/2 + |offset| is more than 16. Corrective action: Reduce offset to 0, then change amplitude-offset values to correct the problem. 3. Activating filters when the 5251 is set to output the built-in sine 4-86...
  • Page 221 Error Messages waveform, or activating the built-in sine waveform when one of the 5251 filters is turned on. Corrective action: If in sine, select another function and activate the filter(s). 4. Activating burst mode when the 5251 is set to sequence mode, or activating sequence mode when the 5251 is set to burst mode.
  • Page 222 TE5251 User Manual This page was left intentionally blank 4-88...

  • Page 223: Performance Checks

    Chapter 5 Performance Checks Title Page What’s in This Chapter ......................5-3  Performance Checks ......................5-3  Environmental Conditions ...................... 5-3  Warm-up Period ......................... 5-4  Initial Instrument Setting ..................... 5-4  Recommended Test Equipment .................... 5-4  Test Procedures ........................5-4  Frequency Accuracy ......................5-5  Frequency Accuracy, Internal Reference ...............
  • Page 224 TE5251 User Manual Sequence operation ......................5-17  Automatic Advance ....................... 5-17  Step Advance ....................... 5-18  Single Advance ......................5-19  SYNC Output Operation ....................5-19  SYNC Qualifier - Bit ...................... 5-20  SYNC Qualifier - LCOM ....................5-20  Arbitrary Waveform Memory Operation ................5-21  Waveform memory .......................

  • Page 225: What's In This Chapter

    Performance Checks What’s in This Chapter This chapter provides performance tests necessary to troubleshoot the What’s in This Model 5251 PXIbus Universal Waveform Generator. Chapter WARNING The procedures described in this section are for use only by qualified service personnel. Many of the steps covered...

  • Page 226: Warm-Up Period

    Setting prior to each test. To reset the Model 5251 to factory defaults, use the Factory Rest option in the Utility Panel. Recommended test equipment for troubleshooting, calibration and Recommended performance checking is listed in Table 1 below.

  • Page 227: Frequency Accuracy

    Frequency Accuracy, Internal Preparation: Reference 1. Configure the counter as follows: 50 Ω, DC coupled Termination: 2. Connect the 5251 output to the counter input – channel A 3. Configure the 5251 as follows: Waveform: Squarewave Amplitude: Output: Frequency: As specified in Table 2 Test Procedure: 1.

  • Page 228: Amplitude Accuracy

    DAC Output Preparation: 1. Configure the DMM as follows: 50 Ω feedthrough at the DMM input Termination: Function: 2. Connect 5251 Channel to the DMM input 3. Configure the 5251 as follows: Frequency: 1 kHz Output: Amplitude: As specified in Table 4...

  • Page 229: Offset Accuracy

    Offset Accuracy, DAC Output Preparation: 1. Configure the DMM as follows: 50 Ω feedthrough at the DMM input Termination: Function: 2. Connect 5251 output to the DMM input 3. Configure the 5251 as follows: Frequency: 1 MHz Amplitude: 20 mV Output:...

  • Page 230: Offset Accuracy, Dds Output

    -1.500 V -4.000 V ±45 mV -4.000 V 1. Modify 5251 Amplitude setting to 6 V and offset setting to 0 V 2. Continue the Offset tests using Table 7 Table Chapter 5-7, Offset Accuracy, DAC Output - Continued 5251 Offset...

  • Page 231: Squarewave Characteristics

    DAC route (arbitrary and standard waveforms) and the DDS route (CW and modulated waveforms). Equipment: Distortion Analyzer, Spectrum Analyzer, Sinewave Distortion, ArbConnection DAC Output Preparation: Connect 5251 output to the distortion analyzer input. Configure the 5251 as follows: SCLK: As required by the test Waveform: Arbitrary Amplitude: Output:...

  • Page 232: Sinewave Spectral Purity, Dac Output

    100.00 kHz < 0.1% Equipment: Spectrum Analyzer Sinewave Spectral Purity, DAC Output Preparation: 1. Connect 5251 output to the spectrum analyzer input. Use 50Ω and 20dB feedthrough termination at the spectrum analyzer input 2. Configure the 5251 as follows: Amplitude: Output:...

  • Page 233: Sinewave Spectral Purity, Dds Output

    Test Procedures Equipment: Spectrum Analyzer Sinewave Spectral Purity, DDS Output Preparation: 1. Connect 5251 output to the spectrum analyzer input. Use 50 Ω and 20 dB feedthrough termination at the spectrum analyzer input 2. Configure the 5251 as follows: Waveform:...

  • Page 234: Sinewave Flatness, Dds Output

    1. Configure the Oscilloscope follows: 50 Ω, 20 dB feedthrough attenuator at the Termination: oscilloscope input Setup: As required for the test 2. Connect 5251 output to the oscilloscope input 3. Configure the 5251 as follows: Waveform: Modulated Modulation: Amplitude:...

  • Page 235: Trigger, Gate, And Burst Characteristics

    4. Configure the function generator as follows: Frequency 1 MHz Run Mode: As required by the test Wave: TTL Square 5. Connect the function generator output to the 5251 TRIG IN connector 6. Configure the 5251 as follows: Frequency: 25 MHz Waveform: Sinewave...

  • Page 236: Delayed Trigger Characteristics

    Squarewave Place the “T” connector on the output terminal of the function generator. Connect one side of the “T” to the 5251 TRIG IN connector and the other side of the “T” to the channel A input of the counter...

  • Page 237: Re-Trigger Characteristics

    Preparation: Configure the counter as follows: Function: Pulse Width Measurement Ch A Slope: Negative Connect the counter channel A to the 5251 output Using ArbConnection prepare and download the following waveform: Wavelength: 100 points Waveform: Pulse, Delay = 0.1, Rise/Fall = 0, High Time = 99.99...

  • Page 238: Trigger Slope

    Frequency 10 kHz Run Mode: Continue Waveform: TTL Output Connect the function generator TTL output to the 5251 TRIG IN connector Connect the function generator main output to the 2 channel of the oscilloscope Configure the 5251 as follows: Frequency:...

  • Page 239: Sequence Operation

    0.1 ms Modify the function generator offset to +2 V and change the 5251 trigger level to +4 V. Verify that the 5251 triggered waveforms are spaced 0.1 ms apart Modify the function generator offset to -2 V and change the 5251 trigger level to -4 V.

  • Page 240: Step Advance

    Run Mode: Triggered Waveform: Squarewave. Adjust for TTL level on 50 Ω Amplitude: Connect the function generator output to the 5251 TRIG IN connector Connect the 5251 to the Oscilloscope input Configure the 5251 as follows: SCLK 200 MS/s Waveform: Sequence Seq.

  • Page 241: Single Advance

    Performance Checks Test Procedures Using ArbConnection, build and download the following sequence table: Step 1: Segment 1, loop 1 Step 2: Segment 2, loop 1 Step 3: Segment 3, loop 1 Step 4: Segment 4, loop 1 Step 5: Segment 5, loop 1 Test Procedure: From ArbConnection, click on the Manual Trigger and observe that the waveforms advance through the sequence...

  • Page 242: Sync Qualifier - Bit

    Time Base: As required by the test Amplitude: 2 V/div Connect the 5251 output to the oscilloscope input (1) Connect the 5251 SYNC output to the oscilloscope input (2) Configure model 5251 channel as follows: Waveform: Sine Run Mode: Burst...

  • Page 243: Arbitrary Waveform Memory Operation

    Sampling Rate: 50 MS/s at least. Trace A View: Jitter, Type: FREQ, CLK. Trigger source: Channel 2, positive slope Amplitude: 1 V/div Connect the 5251 output to the oscilloscope input, channel 1 Connect the 5251 SYNC output to the oscilloscope input, channel 2 5-21...

  • Page 244: Triggered Fm - Standard Waveforms

    Jitter, Type: FREQ, CLK. Trigger source: Channel 2, positive slope Amplitude: 1 V/div Connect the 5251 output to the oscilloscope input, channel 1 Connect the 5251 SYNC output to the oscilloscope input, channel 2 Configure the function generator as follows: Frequency...

  • Page 245: Fm Burst - Standard Waveforms

    Performance Checks Test Procedures Run Mode: Continuous Waveform: Squarewave. Amplitude: Offset: Connect the function generator output connector to the 5251 TRIG IN connector Configure model 5251 controls as follows: Waveform: Modulated Modulation: Mod Run Mode: Triggered Carrier Freq: 1 MHz...

  • Page 246: Gated Fm - Standard Waveforms

    Jitter, Type: FREQ, CLK. Trigger source: Channel 2, positive slope Amplitude: 1 V/div Connect the 5251 output to the oscilloscope input, channel 1 Connect the 5251 SYNC output to the oscilloscope input, channel 2 Configure the function generator as follows: Frequency...

  • Page 247: Re-Triggered Fm Bursts - Standard Waveforms

    Jitter, Type: FREQ, CLK. Trigger source: Channel 2, positive slope Amplitude: 1 V/div Connect the 5251 output to the oscilloscope input, channel 1 Connect the 5251 SYNC to the oscilloscope input, channel 2 Configure model 5251 controls as follows: Waveform: Modulated...

  • Page 248: Fm - Arbitrary Waveforms

    Jitter, Type: FREQ, CLK. Trigger source: Channel 2, positive slope Amplitude: 1 V/div Connect the 5251 output to the oscilloscope input, channel 1 Connect the 5251 SYNC to the oscilloscope input, channel 2 Configure model 5251 controls as follows: Waveform: Modulated...

  • Page 249: Fsk

    Jitter, Type: FREQ, CLK. Trigger source: Channel 2, positive slope Amplitude: 1 V/div. Connect the 5251 output to the oscilloscope input, channel 1 Connect the 5251 SYNC to the oscilloscope input, channel 2 Configure model 5251 controls as follows: Waveform: Modulated...

  • Page 250: Psk

    Configure the oscilloscope as follows: 50 μs Time Base: Amplitude: 1 V/div. Connect the 5251 output to the oscilloscope input, channel 1 Connect the 5251 SYNC to the oscilloscope input, channel 2 Configure model 5251 controls as follows: Reset Waveform:...

  • Page 251: Variable Dwell Time Frequency Hops

    Jitter, Type: FREQ, CLK. Trigger source: Channel 2, positive slope Amplitude: 1 V/div Connect the 5251 output to the oscilloscope input, channel 1 Connect the 5251 SYNC to the oscilloscope input, channel 2 Configure model 5251 controls as follows: Waveform: Modulated...

  • Page 252: Fix Dwell Time Frequency Hops

    Jitter, Type: FREQ, CLK. Trigger source: Channel 2, positive slope Amplitude: 1 V/div Connect the 5251 output to the oscilloscope input, channel 1 Connect the 5251 SYNC to the oscilloscope input, channel 2 Configure model 5251 controls as follows: Waveform: Modulated...

  • Page 253: Sweep

    Jitter, Type: FREQ, CLK. Trigger source: Channel 2, positive slope Amplitude: 1 V/div Connect the 5251 output to the oscilloscope input, channel 1 Connect the 5251 SYNC output to the oscilloscope input, channel 2 Configure model 5251 controls as follows: Waveform:...

  • Page 254: Auxiliary Counter/Timer Operation

    1. Configure the function generator as follows: Frequency: As required by the test Wave: Square Amplitude 500 mV 2. Connect the function generator to the 5251 TRIG IN connector 3. Configure the 5251, as follows: Auxiliary Function: Counter/Timer Function: Frequency Trigger Level: Test Procedure: 1.

  • Page 255: Period, Period Averaged

    1. Configure the function generator as follows: Frequency: As required by the test Wave: Square Amplitude 500 mV 2. Connect the function generator to the 5251 TRIG IN connector 3. Configure the 5251, as follows: Auxiliary Function: Counter/Timer Function: Period Trigger Level: Test Procedure: 1.

  • Page 256: Pulse Width

    As required by the test Wave: Square Duty Cycle: As required by the test Amplitude 500 mV 2. Connect the function generator to the 5251 TRIG IN connector 3. Configure the 5251, as follows: Auxiliary Function: Counter/Timer Function: Pulse Width Trigger Level: Test Procedure: 1.

  • Page 257: Totalize, Infinite

    3. Change the function generator run mode to Burst and set Burst Count to 1000000 4. Press the Reset/Arm button on the 5251 to reset and arm the totalize function 5. Manually trigger the function generator and verify that the 5251 counter reading is 1000000 ±2...
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  • Page 259: Adjustments And Firmware Update

    Chapter 6 Adjustments and Firmware Update Title Page What’s in This Chapter ......................6-3  Performance Checks ......................6-3  Environmental Conditions ...................... 6-3  Warm-up Period ......................... 6-3  Recommended Test Equipment .................... 6-4  Adjustment Procedures ......................6-4  Reference Oscillators Adjustments ..................6-7  (Setup 50MHz) ........................
  • Page 260 Setup 39 ........................... 6-24  Setup 40 ........................... 6-24  Setup 41 ........................... 6-24  Setup 42 ........................... 6-25  Setup 43 ........................... 6-25  Setup 44 ........................... 6-25  Setup 45 ........................... 6-26  Setup 46 ........................... 6-26  Setup 47 ........................... 6-27  Updating the 5251 Firmware....................6-28 ...

  • Page 261: What's In This Chapter

    Conditions of 25°C, ±5°C and at relative humidity of less than 80%. Turn on the power to the 5251 and allow it to warm up for at least 30 minutes before beginning the adjustment procedure. If the instrument has been...

  • Page 262: Recommended Test Equipment

    Accessories BNC to BNC cables 50Ω Feedthrough termination Dual banana to BNC adapter Use the following procedures to calibrate the Model 5251. The Adjustment following paragraphs show how to set up the instrument for calibration Procedures and what the acceptable calibration limits are.
  • Page 263 Adjustments and Firmware Update Adjustment Procedures Figure 6-1, Calibration Password 4. Type your User Name Password and click on OK. The Calibration Panel as shown in Figure 6-2 will appear. Figure 6-2, Calibration Panel NOTE Initial factory adjustments require that the covers be removed from the instrument.
  • Page 264 Note in the following procedures that although configuration of the 5251 is done automatically, some of the configurations are shown for reference only. There is no requirement to change configuration of the 5251 during the remote adjustment procedure except in places where specifically noted.

  • Page 265: Reference Oscillators Adjustments

    Termination: Function: TI A -> B Slope B: Negative 2. Connect the 5251 output to the oscilloscope input 3. Connect an external function generator to the rear panel TRIG IN connector 4. Using ArbConnection prepare and download the following waveform:...

  • Page 266: Base Line Offset Adjustments

    Preparation: 1. Configure the DMM as follows: Function: Range: 100 mV 2. Connect the 5251 output to the DMM input. Terminate the 5251output at the DMM input with the, 50 Ω Feedthrough termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows: CAL:SERV Adjustment: 1.

  • Page 267: Setup 3

    Preparation: 1. Configure the DMM as follows: Function: Range: 100 mV 2. Connect the 5251 output to the DMM input. Terminate the 5251output at the DMM input with the, 50Ω Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows: Mode: Modulation...

  • Page 268: Setup 6

    Preparation: 1. Configure the DMM as follows: Function: Range: 100 mV 2. Connect the 5251 output to the DMM input. Terminate the 5251output at the DMM input with the, 50 Ω Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows: Output:...

  • Page 269: Setup 8

    Preparation: 1. Configure the DMM as follows: Function: Range: 10 V 2. Connect the 5251 output to the DMM input. Terminate the 5251output at the DMM input with the 50 Ω Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows: Amplitude:...

  • Page 270: Setup 10

    Preparation: 1. Configure the DMM as follows: Function: Range: 10 V 2. Connect the 5251 output to the DMM input. Terminate the 5251output at the DMM input with the 50 Ω Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows: Amplitude:...

  • Page 271: Setup 13

    Dual banana to BNC adapter Preparation: 1. Configure the DMM as follows: Function: Range: 2. Connect the 5251 output to the DMM input. Terminate the 5251output at the DMM input with the 50 Ω Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows: Amplitude:...

  • Page 272: Amplitude Adjustments

    Preparation: 1. Configure the DMM as follows: Function: Range: 10 V 2. Connect the 5251 output to the DMM input. Terminate the 5251output at the DMM input with the, 50 Ω Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows: Frequency:...

  • Page 273: Setup 15

    Dual banana to BNC adapter Preparation: 1. Configure the DMM as follows: Function: Range: 2. Connect the 5251 output to the DMM input. Terminate the 5251output at the DMM input with the, 50 Ω Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows: Frequency:...

  • Page 274: Setup 20

    Dual banana to BNC adapter Preparation: 1. Configure the DMM as follows: Function: Range: 2. Connect the 5251 output to the DMM input. Terminate the 5251output at the DMM input with the, 50 Ω Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows: Frequency:...

  • Page 275: Setup 22

    Dual banana to BNC adapter Preparation: 1. Configure the DMM as follows: Function: Range: 2. Connect the 5251 output to the DMM input. Terminate the 5251output at the DMM input with the, 50 Ω Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows: Frequency:...

  • Page 276: Setup 24

    Dual banana to BNC adapter Preparation: 1. Configure the DMM as follows: Function: Range: 2. Connect the 5251 output to the DMM input. Terminate the 5251output at the DMM input with the, 50 Ω Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows: Frequency:...

  • Page 277: Pulse Response Adjustments

    (Setup 28) Equipment: Oscilloscope, BNC to BNC cable, 20 dB Feedthrough attenuator Preparation: 1. Configure the 5251as follows: Function: Square Amplitude: 2. Connect the 5251 output to the oscilloscope input. Use 20 dB Feedthrough attenuator at the oscilloscope input 6-19...

  • Page 278: Flatness Adjustments

    1. Configure the Oscilloscope as follows: Input Impedance: 50 Ω Range: 100 mV 2. Connect the 5251 output to the Oscilloscope input. Terminate the 5251output at the Oscilloscope input with the, 50 Ω, 20 dB Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows:...

  • Page 279: Setup 31

    1. Configure the Oscilloscope as follows: Input Impedance: 50 Ω Range: 100 mV 2. Connect the 5251 output to the Oscilloscope input. Terminate the 5251output at the Oscilloscope input with the, 50 Ω, 20 dB Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows:...

  • Page 280: Setup 34

    1. Configure the Oscilloscope as follows: Input Impedance: 50 Ω Range: 100 mV 2. Connect the 5251 output to the Oscilloscope input. Terminate the 5251output at the Oscilloscope input with the, 50 Ω, 20 dB Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows:...

  • Page 281: Setup 37

    Adjustments and Firmware Update Flatness Adjustments Range: 100 mV 2. Connect the 5251 output to the Oscilloscope input. Terminate the 5251output at the Oscilloscope input with the, 50 Ω, 20 dB Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows: Frequency:...

  • Page 282: Setup 39

    1. Configure the Oscilloscope as follows: Input Impedance: 50 Ω Range: 100 mV 2. Connect the 5251 output to the Oscilloscope input. Terminate the 5251output at the Oscilloscope input with the, 50 Ω, 20 dB Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows:...

  • Page 283: Setup 42

    1. Configure the Oscilloscope as follows: Input Impedance: 50 Ω Range: 100 mV 2. Connect the 5251 output to the Oscilloscope input. Terminate the 5251output at the Oscilloscope input with the, 50 Ω, 20 dB Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows: Frequency: 37.3333333 MHz...

  • Page 284: Setup 45

    User Manual Input Impedance: 50 Ω Range: 100 mV 2. Connect the 5251 output to the Oscilloscope input. Terminate the 5251output at the Oscilloscope input with the, 50 Ω, 20 dB Feed through termination 3. Configure the 5251as follows: Frequency: 56.0000001 MHz...

  • Page 285: Setup 47

    1 ms Marker: 1 MHz Amplitude: 2. Connect the 5251 output to the oscilloscope input. Use 20 dB Feedthrough attenuator at the oscilloscope input 3. Set oscilloscope input impedance to 50 Ω 4. Set oscilloscope vertical sensitivity to 0.1 V Adjustment: 1.

  • Page 286: Updating The 5251 Firmware

    Before you update the firmware of your 5251 card, check the revision level which is installed on your computer. Each firmware update was done for a reason and therefore, if you want to update the firmware for a problem in your system, check the readme file that is associated with the update to see if an update will solve your problem.

  • Page 287: Firmware Revision Screen

    Figure 6-4. Figure 6-4, Firmware Revision Screen To update the 5251 firmware, you will simply have to install the latest version of the driver or the latest version of ArbConnection or, you may also just replace the TE5251.dll in the WINDOWS32 folder with a newer version but before you do that, make sure the firmware revision of your new dll agrees with the hardware revision you currently have.
  • Page 288 TE5251 User Manual This page was intentionally left blank 6-30...
  • Page 289 Appendices Appendix Title Page Specifications ........................A-1...
  • Page 290 TE5251 User Manual...

  • Page 291: Operating Modes

    Appendix A Specifications Operating Modes Description The 5251 can source multiple waveform shapes and functions. It can be programmed to operate as one of the following modes: Function Generator, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, Sequence Generator, Pulse Generator, Modulation Generator, and Half Cycle Generator.
  • Page 292 TE5251 User Manual Filters Description Filters can be switch in and out freely except in standard waveform shape where the filters are automatically used by the instrument to reconstruct the sine shape. Type 25 MHz, Bessel; 50 MHz Bessel; 60 MHz Elliptic; 120 MHz Elliptic General Run Modes Description...

  • Page 293: Appendices Specifications

    Appendices Specifications Frequency/Time Accuracy 0.0001% (1 ppm TCXO) initial tolerance from Internal 10 MHz Reference 19C to 29C; 1ppm/C below 19C and above 29C; 1 ppm/year aging rate External 10 MHz Reference Connector Front panel SMB Frequency 10 MHz 10 kΩ 5%, TTL, 50% 2% duty cycle, or 50 Ω 5%, Impedance and Level 0 dBm, manually selectable using internal jumpers External Sample Clock...
  • Page 294 TE5251 User Manual Start Phase Resolution 0.01 Square Duty Cycle Range 0% to 99.9% Pulse Delay, Rise/Fall Time, High Time Ranges 0%-99.99% of period (each independently) Ramp Delay, Rise/Fall Time, High Time Ranges 0%-99.9% of period (each independently) Gaussian Pulse Time Constant Range 10-200 Sinc Pulse...
  • Page 295 Appendices Specifications Single Sequence Advance Current segment is sampled the specified number of repetitions and then idles at the end of the segment. Next trigger samples the next segment the specified repeat count, and so on. Mixed Sequence Advance Each step of a sequence can be programmed to advance either a) automatically (Automatic Sequence Advance), or b) with a trigger (Stepped Sequence Advance)
  • Page 296 TE5251 User Manual Modulating Frequency Range 10 mHz to 100 kHz Peak Deviation Up to 50 MHz ARBITRARY FM Description Operated from an external utility only such as ArbConnection. The modulating waveform can be designed as an arbitrary waveform Modulated Waveform Sine wave Carrier Frequency Range 10 Hz to 100 MHz...
  • Page 297 2 to 30000 Pulse Generator Waveforms Characteristics Operation The 5251 has a special mode where the instrument type is transformed to operate as a digital pulse generator. When this mode is selected, the operation of the arbitrary waveform and its outputs...
  • Page 298 TE5251 User Manual Counter/Timer Characteristics Operation The 5251 has a special mode where the instrument type is transformed to operate as a counter/timer. When this mode is selected, the operation of the arbitrary waveform and its outputs are disabled Measurement Functions...

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