Newtons4th PPA 5500 KinetiQ User Manual
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Newtons4th PPA 5500 KinetiQ User Manual

Power analyzer
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PPA5500
KinetiQ
USER MANUAL
Firmware v2.155
st
21
February 2017

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  • Page 1 PPA5500 KinetiQ USER MANUAL Firmware v2.155 February 2017...
  • Page 2 DANGER OF ELECTRIC SHOCK Only qualified personnel should install this equipment, after reading and understanding this user manual. If in doubt, consult your supplier. RISQUE D'ELECTROCUTION L'installation de cet équipement ne doit être confiée qu'à un personnel qualifié ayant lu et compris le présent manuel d'utilisation.
  • Page 3 • There are no user serviceable parts inside the instrument – do not attempt to open the instrument, refer service to the manufacturer or his appointed agent. Note: Newtons4th Ltd. shall not be liable for any consequential damages, losses, costs or expenses arising from the use or misuse of this product...
  • Page 4 Conforms to the EEC Directives: 2014/30/EU relating to electromagnetic compatibility: EN 61326-1:2013 EN 55022 class A EN 61000-3-2:2014 EN 61000-3-3:2013 2014/35/EU relating to Low Voltage Directive: EN 61010-2-030:2010 EN 61010-1:2010 January 2017 Eur Ing Allan Winsor BSc CEng MIEE (Director Newtons4th Ltd.)
  • Page 5 In the event of any problem with the instrument outside of the guarantee period, Newtons4th Ltd. offers a full repair re-calibration service –...
  • Page 6 RS232, USB, LAN and GPIB is given in the separate manual “PPA55xx” communications manual”. Firmware revision 2.155 February 2017) This manual is copyright © 2006 - 2017 Newtons4th Ltd. and all rights are reserved. No part may be copied or reproduced in any form without prior written consent.

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual CONTENTS 1 Introduction – general principles of operation ......1-1 2 Getting started ..............2-1 Unpacking .............. 2-1 3 Quick Start guide ............... 3-1 Operating Mode Keys..........3-1 Menu Control Keys ..........3-3 Display Control Keys ..........3-4 Setup Keys/Keypad ..........
  • Page 8 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual RANGE - input channel options ....... 8-10 DATALOG – datalog options ........8-14 MATHS – custom result computation ....... 8-16 9 Application specific modes ........... 9-1 PWM motor drive ............ 9-1 Lighting ballast ............9-3 Inrush current ............9-5 Power transformers ..........
  • Page 9 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual APPENDICES Appendix A Accessories Appendix B Serial command summary Appendix C Available character set Appendix D Configurable parameters Appendix E Contact details...

  • Page 10: Introduction - General Principles Of Operation

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Introduction – general principles of operation KinetiQ is a sophisticated and versatile power analyser, for accurate wide bandwidth power measurements. The PPA55xx family of power analysers covers 1 to 3 phase applications in both a low current and high current models.
  • Page 11 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual lighting ballasts can be easily addressed with special modes application in the firmware of the instrument and dedicated hardware functions including torque/speed inputs and ac line sync. The whole operation of the instrument may be controlled remotely via a serial interface (RS232/USB), LAN or GPIB interface.

  • Page 12: Getting Started

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Getting started KinetiQ is supplied ready to use – it comes complete with an appropriate power lead and a set of test leads. It is supplied calibrated and does not require anything to be done by the user before it can be put into service. 2.1 Unpacking Inside the carton there should be the following items: one KinetiQ unit...
  • Page 13 The Quick Start guide may be followed with no inputs connected to the instrument. In the event of any problem with this procedure, please contact customer services at Newtons4th Ltd. or your local authorised representative: contact...

  • Page 14: Quick Start Guide

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Quick Start guide 3.1 Operating Mode Keys Operating Mode selection (Power-on default is Power Analyzer – diagram below shows single-phase display.) Note that with no inputs connected, display will be showing noise levels only.) Press the POWER, INTEG, HARM, RMS, IMP, SCOPE key to access the operating mode directly, (except Phase Meter mode –...
  • Page 15 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Select Menu Options Press the operating mode key “Power” etc a second time, or press the “MODE” key, to access mode- specific options (diagram below shows Power Analyzer options). Use Up and Down keys to highlight option, ENTER to confirm (see MENU CONTROL KEYS).

  • Page 16: Menu Control Keys

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 3.2 Menu Control Keys ENTER/NEXT confirms your selection or parameter value/data entry. HOME/ESC returns to the original entry or to your previous action. DELETE/BACK removes a previous selection or value, or returns to your previous action. ARROW KEYS (Up, Down, L, R) to move around menu options, make incremental/decremental changes etc.

  • Page 17: Display Control Keys

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 3.3 Display Control Keys Display Zoom Up to 4 displayed values may be emphasized. a. Return to no zoom by pressing ZOOM– (press twice from top zoom level). b. Press ZOOM+ to view presently selected data. (Diagram below shows Power Analyzer default selection, this time with a load connected.) c.
  • Page 18 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual e. Press ENTER to confirm (flashing stops). f. Continue to select up to a total of 4 values. g. Press ZOOM+ once or twice to display emphasized values as desired. (Diagram below shows top zoom level for Power Analyzer.) Realtime/Hold Toggles between continuous display readings and holding an instantaneous reading on screen.

  • Page 19: Setup Keys/Keypad

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 3.4 Setup Keys/Keypad SELECT MENUS for non mode-specific configuration. Also use as numeric keypad when entering parameter values or data. ACQU – use for configuring inputs appropriate to source and nature of signals being analyzed. (Diagram below shows Power Analyzer default setup.)
  • Page 20 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual COUPLING – appropriate to input signals. RANGE – configure according to magnitude (voltage and current) of input signals. DATALOG – only available for Power Analyzer: sampling interval; data retained or not at power- down. Default is disabled. (See also Table, Graph in DISPLAY CONTROL KEYS.) APP –...

  • Page 21: Control Keys

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 3.5 Control Keys START & STOP datalog function (when enabled) or integration (INTEG mode). Either key also triggers single-shot in SCOPE mode. Use ZERO key for: a. Zero compensation of input amplifier chain, and test-lead compensation (USER MANUAL). b.
  • Page 22 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 3.6 Scope Mode Selecting SCOPE mode from the OPERATING MODE KEYS, or by cycling through the operating modes in any of the Operating Mode Select Options, displays voltage and current waveforms as a conventional oscilloscope – diagram below shows the default display with no inputs connected.
  • Page 23 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual A typical display of voltage and current waveforms for a switched mode power supply is shown below: When operating in the oscilloscope mode, the left and right control keys operate in one of two modes: A. With the cursor option ‘off’ (default); the left and right control keys change the timebase B.

  • Page 24: Data Entry Guide

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 3.7 Data Entry Guide TEXT ENTRY Enter text via the six function keys in the upper right of the panel. Each function key jumps to a different letter of the alphabet: (POWER) A, (INTEG) E, (HARM) I, (RMS) O, (IMP) U, (SCOPE) space Choose other characters by stepping forward or backward using the UP and DOWN keys.

  • Page 25: Using The Menus

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Using the menus KinetiQ very versatile instrument with many configurable parameters. These parameters are accessed from the front panel via a number of menus. Each of the main menus may be accessed directly from a specific key. ACQU data acquisition parameters such as speed and filtering...

  • Page 26: Selection From A List

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Pressing the HOME key first time reverts to the opening state where the parameters are displayed but the cursor is hidden. Pressing the HOME key at this point exits the menu sequence and reverts back to normal operation. To abort the menu sequence, press the HOME key twice.
  • Page 27 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 4.1 Selection from a list This data type is used where there are only specific options available such as the smoothing may be ‘normal’, ‘slow’, or ‘none’, the graph drawing algorithm may use ‘dots’ or ‘lines’. When the flashing cursor is highlighting the parameter, the RIGHT key steps forward through the list, and the LEFT key steps backwards through the list.

  • Page 28: Numeric Data Entry

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 4.2 Numeric data entry Parameters such as external shunt impedance and scale factor are entered as real numbers; shunt impedance is an example of an unsigned parameter, scale factor is an example of a signed parameter. Real numbers are entered using the number keys, multiplier keys, decimal point key, or +/- key (if signed value is permitted).

  • Page 29: Text Entry

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 4.3 Text entry There are occasions where it is useful to enter a text string; for example, a non-volatile program may have some text as a title. Text is entered by selecting one of 6 starting characters using the function keys on the top right hand row of the keyboard, then stepping forwards or backwards through the alphabet with the UP and DOWN keys.

  • Page 30: Special Functions

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Special functions 5.1 Display zoom KinetiQ normally displays many results on the screen in a combination of small font size (no zoom) and up to 4 values in a larger font size (first zoom level). There is also an even larger font for up to 4 selected values (second zoom level).

  • Page 31: Prog - Non Volatile Memory Store And Recall

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 5.2 PROG – non volatile memory store and recall There are 3 types of data which can be saved in non- volatile locations: Programs Data log Measurement results There are 100 non-volatile program locations where the settings for the entire instrument can be saved for recall at a later date.
  • Page 32 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual When supervisor mode is disabled (see system options), programs can only be recalled, not stored nor deleted, to avoid accidental modification. When recalling a program it may be desirable for the program to recall the selected communications interface that was in use when the program was stored (RS232 or USB etc).
  • Page 33 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Data and files can also be stored and downloaded via a USB memory device. When using a large capacity or slow device all the data may not be transferred within the transfer time window. If this happens it will be recognised and a display caption appears to prompt the user to press “any Key”...

  • Page 34: Zero Compensation

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 5.3 Zero compensation There are 2 levels of zero compensation: Trim out the dc offset in the input amplifier chain. Measure any remaining offset and compensate. The trim of the dc offset in the input amplifier chain can be manually invoked with the ZERO key, or over the RS232 with the REZERO command.

  • Page 35: Alarm - Alarm Function

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 5.4 ALARM - alarm function KinetiQ has 2 independent alarms that can be used to generate an audible warning: sound the alarm if the value exceeds a threshold sound the alarm if the value is below a threshold sound the alarm if the value is outside a window sound the alarm if the value is inside a window The values to which the alarms are applied can be any of...
  • Page 36 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual The SYNC output can be used to trigger a PLC or ATE system on alarm. The SYNC output will be logic high when the instrument is in an alarm condition and logic low if not. There is also an Analogue Output (max ±10v) for a voltage representative of Zoom 1-4 measurements or a manual level.

  • Page 37: Data Hold

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 5.5 Data hold When in real time display mode, the data on the display can be held at any time by pressing the REAL TIME key. When HOLD is activated the word HOLD flashes in the top right hand corner of the display.

  • Page 38: Master/Slave Operation

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 5.6 Master/slave operation Two instruments can be connected together to make synchronised measurements with up to 6 phases. The unit assigned as ‘master’ controls the measurements so both instruments are taking data in the same time. When in POWER or INTG modes, the SUM power from the slave instrument is read by the master instrument to compute the overall efficiency.

  • Page 39: Using Remote Control

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Using remote control KinetiQ fitted standard, with RS232 serial communications port, USB port, IEEE488 (GPIB) and LAN interface. All the interfaces use the same ASCII protocol with the exception of the end of line terminators: Rx expects Tx sends RS232 carriage return...
  • Page 40 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Data values returned by KinetiQ are in scientific notation, with a 5 digit mantissa by default. For extra resolution, this can be increased to 6 digit by setting resolution to ‘high’ in the REMOTE menu. There is also an option for higher speed data transfer by selecting resolution = ‘binary’...
  • Page 41 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual from the DHCP server. DHCP server must be present on the network for this to work. The LAN will not start normal operation until it receives an IP address from the server. Setting the LAN IP manually will disable the DHCP and the unit will use a fixed IP address, defined by the IP Address setting in the REMOTE menu.

  • Page 42: Standard Event Status Register

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 6.1 Standard event status register bit 0 OPC (operation complete) cleared by most commands set when data available bit 2 QYE (unterminated query error) set if no message ready when data read bit 3 DDE (device dependent error) set when the instrument has an error bit 4 EXE (execution error)

  • Page 43: Serial Poll Status Byte

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 6.2 Serial Poll status byte bit 0 RDV (result data available) set when results are available to be read as enabled by DAVER bit 2 FDV (fast data available (streaming)) set when data streaming results are available to be read as enabled by DAVER bit 3 ALA (alarm active)

  • Page 44: Rs232 Connections

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 6.3 RS232 connections The RS232 port on KinetiQ uses the same pinout as a standard 9 pin serial port on a PC or laptop (9-pin male ‘D’ type). Function Direction in (+ weak pull up) RX data TX data not used not used...

  • Page 45: Rs232 Printer

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 6.4 RS232 printer The RS232 port can also be connected to a serial printer for making a hard copy of any screen. When printing is enabled in the REMOTE menu then pressing START will commence a screen dump to the printer. The graphic protocol used is the ESC/P so any printer which supports this protocol should work such as the Seiko DPU-414.

  • Page 46: System Options

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual System options Press SYS to access the system options. Measurements of phase can be expressed in one of three conventional formats: -180° to +180° (commonly used in circuit analysis) 0° to -360° (commonly used in power applications) 0°...
  • Page 47 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual To save these system settings as default, store the setup in program 1 so that they are reloaded on power on. Pressing RIGHT from the SYSTEM OPTIONS menu selects the USER DATA screen where up to three lines of user specified text may be entered.

  • Page 48: User Data

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 7.1 User data KinetiQ can be personalised by entering up to 3 lines of user data as text (see section on text entry). User data is displayed every time that the instrument is switched on to identify the instrument. The entered text may also be read over the communications to identify the instrument (see USER?).

  • Page 49: Measurement Options

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Measurement options 8.1 Wiring configuration The three phase version of KinetiQ, the PPA5530, can be used in a variety of wiring configurations. Other versions, PPA5520 PPA5510, accept subset these configurations: configuration 5530 5520 5510 single phase 1 ...
  • Page 50 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual The advantage of this connection method is that 3 phase power can be measured with only 2 wattmeters. This frees up phase 3 of a 3 phase instrument to simultaneously measure the power of a single phase input (3 phase 2 wattmeter + phase 3 configuration).
  • Page 51 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Two Phase Two Wattmeter Three Phase Two Wattmeter Three Three Phase Phase Source Load Three Phase Three Wattmeter - simulated neutral Three Three Phase Phase Source Load...
  • Page 52 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Three Phase Three Wattmeter – Star Connections Three Three Phase Phase Source Load Three Phase Three Wattmeter– Delta Connections Three Three Phase Phase Source Load On a multi phase instrument all the phases usually use the same input control data –...

  • Page 53: Acqu - Acquisition Options

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 8.2 ACQU - Acquisition options In normal acquisition mode the window over which the measurements are computed is adjusted to give an integral number of cycles of the input waveform. The results from each window are passed through a digital filter equivalent to a first order RC low pass filter.
  • Page 54 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual The smoothing response is usually set to “auto reset” where the filtering is reset in response to a significant change in data. This speeds up the response of the instrument to changing conditions. This function can be disabled so that the filtering has a fixed time constant, which would have an exponential response to a step change.
  • Page 55 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 8.2.1 Advanced options Pressing ACQU to access the acquisition control menu then the right arrow key gives access to some advanced options which would not be needed for normal measurement applications. The analysis for the fundamental component uses a DFT (discrete Fourier transform) algorithm.

  • Page 56: Coupling - Coupling & Bandwidth Options

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 8.3 COUPLING - coupling & bandwidth options There are three coupling options - AC only, AC+DC, or DC only. AC+DC coupling is the normal option and should be used where possible. AC coupling should be used for measuring signals that are biased on a dc level (such as an amplifier operating on a single supply or the output of a dc PSU).
  • Page 57 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Coupling Bandwidth Measurement Notes option option bandwidth ac+dc wide dc - 2MHz default ac+dc dc - 200kHz ac+dc dc - 5Hz wide 5Hz – 2MHz 5Hz –200kHz dc – 5Hz dc bandwidth overrides ac coupling wide dc - 2MHz * dc coupling disables auto frequency search...

  • Page 58: Range - Input Channel Options

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 8.4 RANGE - input channel options All the input channels are fully isolated from each other and from earth with very high CMRR (common mode rejection ratio). They are controlled independently but sampled synchronously. Each input channel has an external input as well as an internal shunt or high voltage attenuator.
  • Page 59 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 10Arms Model Peak Ranges RMS Ranges – Sinusoid Range internal internal external Internal current Internal voltage current voltage input 300mV 300μV 2.54mArms 254mVrms 10mA 8.48mArms 848mVrms 30mA 25.4mArms 2.54Vrms 100mA 10mV 84.8mArms 8.48Vrms 300mA 30mV 254mArms 25.4Vrms 100V 100mV...
  • Page 60 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual The actual ranges have approximately 20% overload (subject to noise) headroom so, for example, the 300Vpk range has an actual peak input value of 360Vpk allowing for the 20% headroom. All N4L analyzers auto-range to the waveform peak, this is vitally important as it ensures that the waveform is not clipped unlike...
  • Page 61 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual For most measurement functions full autoranging is the most suitable option but some applications, such as where transient events are occurring, are more reliable with manual ranging. Manual ranging (or up-only autoranging) is essential for low frequency measurements. Separately from the current shunt and attenuator value, a scaling factor can be entered for each channel.

  • Page 62: Datalog - Datalog Options

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 8.5 DATALOG – datalog options KinetiQ can store and display measurements recorded at regular intervals over a time period. Each data record consists of the elapsed time and up to four data values selected by ZOOM. The instrument can graph and display all four sets of measurements simultaneously.
  • Page 63 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Note that in all cases the measurement interval is necessarily adjusted to be an integral number of cycles of the measured waveform. Press DATALOG to set up the datalog options. The datalog is started with the START key, and stopped with the STOP key unless the store becomes full first.

  • Page 64: Maths - Custom Result Computation

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 8.6 MATHS – custom result computation Non-standard results computed from combination of voltage and current parameters, signals on the torque and speed inputs, and constants. There are 3 formulae, each combining up to 4 terms: 1: (term1 + term2) / (term3+term4) 2: (term1 + term2) x term3 / term4 3: term1 x term2 / (term3+term4) Each term comprises a result, scaled by a signed factor, or...

  • Page 65: Application Specific Modes

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Application specific modes Select the application specific options form the APP menu. 9.1 PWM motor drive The nature of the waveforms in a PWM motor drive application makes measurement fundamental frequency difficult. Within the application mode for PWM motor drive it is possible to select one of seven pre determined frequency filter ranges, 64Hz, 250Hz, 1KHz, 4KHz, 16KHz, 64KHz or 250KHz.
  • Page 66 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual The calculation for efficiency may be selected as the ratio Phase 1 and phase 2 Slave sum and master sum Mechanical and sum Phase 3 and sum...

  • Page 67: Lighting Ballast

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 9.2 Lighting ballast Electronic lighting ballast waveforms consist of a high frequency carrier signal modulated by the line frequency. KinetiQ measures the line frequency independently of the input waveform frequency synchronises measurement period to the line frequency. The carrier frequency measurement ignores any “dead band”...
  • Page 68 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Ballast mode quick start guide After selecting “Ballast mode” in the APP menu the next step is to connect the ballast input and output (if required) to the Power Analyzer. 1. Connect the OUTPUT of the ballast to PHASE 1 of the PPA, this is important as detection of the modulation signal is on PHASE 1.

  • Page 69: Inrush Current

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 9.3 Inrush current Measurement of inrush current (surge) requires very fast sampling catch highest instantaneous value. Measurements must be made under conditions of manual ranging and with the voltage applied to the instrument. Then when the load is switched on the highest peak value can be detected.

  • Page 70: Power Transformers

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 9.4 Power transformers Large power transformers operate at very low power factor (<0.01) and the phase accuracy is critical to measure the losses. Power transformer application mode sets the configuration options to the optimum for phase accuracy eg.
  • Page 71 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual The equations use to calculate the Corrected power and K- factor are: Where K = K factor P or P corrected power = measured power = ratio of hysteresis loss to total iron losses = ratio of eddy current losses to total iron losses. U’...

  • Page 72: Standby Power Measurement

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 9.5 Standby power measurement In order to minimise standby power, some devices operate in a “dormant” mode whereby power is only drawn from the supply when needed. These devices draw very little current for most of the time and then draw a larger current for a single cycle to charge a reservoir capacitor.

  • Page 73: Power Measurements

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 10 Power measurements In the POWER mode, KinetiQ measures the following values for each phase: Parameter Type Units Frequency elementary True power elementary Apparent power secondary Reactive power secondary Power factor secondary RMS voltage elementary RMS current elementary Fundamental power secondary...
  • Page 74 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual valid for all waveshapes. Secondary parameters are computed from one or more of the elementary parameters (eg. VA = Vrms x Arms). Not all of the parameters listed are displayed in POWER mode but they are all computed. A multi phase instrument also computes the equivalent values for total power (SUM channel) and the values for the NEUTRAL current.

  • Page 75: Individual Phase Computations

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 10.1 Individual phase computations The power dissipated in a load subjected to a periodic voltage, v(φ), with a current flowing a(φ), is given by: 2π ∫ w = 1/2π v(φ).a(φ) dφ For a sampled signal, the formula becomes: i = n-1 ∑...
  • Page 76 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual The dc present is given by: 2π ∫ dc = 1/2π v(φ) dφ For a sampled signal, the formula becomes: i = n-1 ∑ dc = 1/n v[i] i = 0 Where n is the number of samples for an integral number of complete cycles of the input waveform.
  • Page 77 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual The fundamental in-phase and quadrature values of a periodic waveform, v(φ), are given by: = √ ��/���� 2π ∫ v(φ).cos(φ) dφ = √ ��/���� 2π ∫ v(φ).sin(φ) dφ For a sampled signal, the formulae become: i = n-1 ∑...
  • Page 78 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual From these elementary ‘a’ and ‘b’ values of voltage and current, the following secondary values can be derived: fundamental Watts = V fundamental VA fund power factor / VA fund fund fundamental VAr The signs of Watts and VAr are a direct result of the computation (watts has the sign of cos(phase angle), VAr has the sign of sin(phase angle)).

  • Page 79: Sum Computations

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 10.2 Sum computations When in 3 phase wiring modes (2 Wattmeter or 3 Wattmeter), the values for the total load are computed from the data for each individual channel. W, VA, VAr, W.f, VA.f , VAr.f, W.dc, and W.h are computed as the sum of the individual phase data.

  • Page 80: Neutral Synthesis

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 10.3 Neutral synthesis In 3 phase 3 wattmeter configuration, the values for the neutral current are synthesised from the calibrated values of the three phases. By Kirchoff’s law the sum of the instantaneous currents flowing into a node must be zero. By convention neutral current is regarded as flowing out of the load so the neutral current can be derived from the sum of the three phase currents.

  • Page 81: Phase To Phase Computations

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 10.4 Phase to phase computations In 3 phase 3 wattmeter configuration, the voltmeters are connected across each individual phase and neutral. The phase to phase voltages are synthesised from the individual phase data: display phase computation phase 1 phase 1 –...

  • Page 82: Mechanical Power

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 10.5 Mechanical power KinetiQ has 2 extra inputs to measure the mechanical power of motors or generators. Torque is measured in Nm with a +/-10V analogue input scaled in Nm/V or as a pulse count input scaled in pulses/Nm. Speed is measured in rpm either with a +/-10V analogue input scaled in rpm/V, pulse input...
  • Page 83 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual measurement mechanical power made simultaneously with the electrical measurements over the same window. Frequency offset can be set in pulsed mode for both speed & torque within the APP menu as shown below 10-11...

  • Page 84: Efficiency

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 10.6 Efficiency Efficiency may be computed as a ratio of: phase 1 and phase 2 power master and slave power mechanical and sum power phase 3 and sum power In all cases, either term may be input power or output power.

  • Page 85: Torque & Speed

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 10.7 Torque & Speed Torque & Speed can be set for power measurement mode by independently using Phase 3 within the 3 Phase 2 Wattmeter + Phase 3 wiring configuration. Channel 3 Voltage Input BNC = Torque Channel 3 Current Input BNC = Speed If using Multilog software: PH3 Watts = Power...

  • Page 86: Integrated Power Measurements

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 11 Integrated power measurements In the INTEG mode, KinetiQ computes the following additional values: Parameter Units Watt hours VA hours VAr hours VArh Average power factor Average rms voltage Ampere hours Fundamental watt hours Fundamental VA hours Fundamental VAr hours VArh Average fundamental power factor...
  • Page 87 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual STOP button had been pressed. Setting the integration time to zero, disables the timer. The Watt hour integration and the Ampere hour integration can be selected to be signed or magnitude. To integrate the total power in terms of heating effect, choose magnitude.

  • Page 88: True Rms Voltmeter

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 12 True RMS Voltmeter The RMS voltmeter displays the additional secondary parameters of ac, crest factor, surge, mean and form factor: Having computed the true rms and the dc component, the ac component can be derived from: = ac + dc =>...
  • Page 89 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual where n is the number of samples for an integral number of complete cycles of the input waveform. Note that the mean value will not give the same measurement as rms. The form factor indicates the ratio of mean to rms: form factor = rms / mean For an undistorted sinewave, the form factor is given by:...

  • Page 90: Harmonic Analyser

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 13 Harmonic analyser The HARM mode of KinetiQ computes multiple DFTs on the input waveforms in real time. There are two modes of operation: difference THD, and series harmonics. Series harmonic mode includes options for THD, TIF, THF, TRD, TDD and phase. There is also an option of a series harmonic bargraph display which shows both the voltage and current harmonics simultaneously.
  • Page 91 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual TIF is defined by IEEE standard 115 and the weighting factors are given in ANSI standard C50-13. The harmonic factors for TIF are specified for harmonics of 60Hz. THF (Telephone Harmonic Factor) is a similar computation to TIF but uses different weighting factors and is expressed as a percentage.
  • Page 92 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual than TDD unless the measured rms current is greater than the entered rated current. The value for TRD and TDD will always be lower than the computed THD as rms is always greater than the fundamental. i = n ∑...
  • Page 93 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Harmonic phase angle reference As phase angle is a measurement of the relative difference between the computed harmonic and the zero phase angle reference, it is important to understand to what the harmonic is being referred. Single phase The default phase angle reference is voltage fundamental but can be set by menu option to current fundamental.
  • Page 94 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Multi phase In a multi-phase measurement, the fundamental phase angle of each phase is expressed relative to a common reference, normally phase 1 voltage; while the harmonic phase angles of each phase are expressed relative to their own phase, normally voltage as with single phase.
  • Page 95 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Interharmonic Sweeps Interharmonic Sweep Mode measures the Interharmonic voltage and Interharmonic current on each phase over a range of harmonics. The results are displayed on the PPA and can be exported to an Excel document using PPA Datalogger software. The following parameters can be selected: Frequency step size: selectable from 500mHz to 100Hz.

  • Page 96: Impedance Meter

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 14 Impedance meter The IMP mode on KinetiQ uses the real and imaginary components at the fundamental frequency using DFT analysis described previously compute impedance of the load and associated parameters. From the fundamental components of voltage, (a + jb), and those of the current, (c + jd), KinetiQ computes the complex impedance given by: = v / i...
  • Page 97 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual the phase of the measurement. Alternatively, the display can be forced to capacitance, inductance or impedance. Capacitance is displayed with tanδ, inductance is displayed with Q factor, and impedance is displayed in its resistive + reactive form and as magnitude. The phase of the impedance is displayed with all options.

  • Page 98: Oscilloscope Mode

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 15 Oscilloscope mode KinetiQ provides a storage oscilloscope function in order to view the waveforms being measured. The display for the oscilloscope is divided into 10 divisions along the time axis with the selected timebase displayed in units of time/division.
  • Page 99 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual The trigger level is set directly in Volts or Amps and does not change if the range is changed, i.e. it is an absolute trigger level and not relative to the range full scale. Pressing NEXT and ENTER adjust the trigger level by a factor of 2.
  • Page 100 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 15-1 PPA Capture Mode To perform capture mode tests it is necessary to use a PPA5510 or a PPA5530 and upgrade the Firmware within the instrument to either PPA5512 (Single Phase) or PPA5532 (Three Phase) Capture mode operates as a sub function of the normal oscilloscope mode –...
  • Page 101 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual The meaning of the 2 header bytes is as follows: (header h1) (header h2) [1][c2][c1][c0][0][0][0][a7] [1][a6][a5][a4][a3][a2][a1[a0] first bit ^ first bit And as for the meaning of each of the bits: [0][0][0] these 3 bits are not used and can be ignored. [c2][c1][c0] are the channel number so the channel number can be a number between 0 and [a7][a6][a5][a4][a3][a2][a1][a0] are the line number.
  • Page 102 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual RETURNED DATA (BINARY FORMAT) The returned data starts by indicating the date / time and setup mode. The first line of data is then displayed. The format is as stated above. The first 5 bytes with an MSB of “0” represent #3503 (ASCII).
  • Page 103 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual PPA Settings for Capture Mode To run capture mode it is necessary to set the PPA up as follows: Press the APP button and select capture mode on the drop down menu. Press enter. The Capture mode settings are then displayed. Select the Default settings and press enter 15-6...
  • Page 104 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Press the mode button and confirm that the settings are as shown in the screenshot below. Press the enter button, the PPA display shown will now be in Oscilloscope mode. CommView2 Software Open the N4L CommView2 software. Enter the *idn? command and press send, check the reply to confirm that the software is connected to the correct instrument model (either PPA5512 or PPA5532), serial...
  • Page 105 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Enter the Captur? Command and press send. The capture data should now start to be displayed in the CommView2 window. The data download should take around 25 seconds to complete. The above screenshot shows the CommView2 window with the capture data being downloaded.

  • Page 106: Phase Meter

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 16 Phase meter The phase meter mode is a secondary function which does not have a separate button. It is selected by stepping through the operating mode via the MODE menu. The phase meter uses the terminology of channel 1 for voltage and channel 2 for current as it is normal to use a phase meter to compare voltages directly.

  • Page 107: Specifications & Comparisons

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual 17 Specifications & Comparisons Frequency Range DC and 10mHz to 2MHz (10Arms or 30Arms versions) DC and 10mHz to 1MHz (50Arms version) Accuracy – 0.001% Voltage Input Ranges – 300mVpk to 3000Vpk (1000Vrms) in 9 ranges 20% over-range ability maintains 300Vpk range with 240Vrms Accuracy –...
  • Page 108 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual DC Accuracy Voltage – Internal 0.02% Rdg + 0.076% Rng + 10mV Voltage – External 0.02% Rdg + 0.076% Rng + 6μv Current – Internal (30Arms) 0.02% Rdg + 0.076% Rng + 600uA (10Arms) 0.02% Rdg + 0.076% Rng + 60uA (50Arms) 0.02% Rdg + 0.076% Rng + 1.8mA Current –...
  • Page 109 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Datalog Up to 4 measured functions user selectable (30 Functions with optional PC software) Datalog window From 10ms with no gap between each log Memory RAM or non-volatile, up to 10,000,000 records General Crest factor Voltage and Current - 20 Sample rate Real time no gap - 2.2Ms/s on all channels Low power...
  • Page 110 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual PPA Comparison Table PPA2500 PPA2600 PPA5500 Accuracy 0.01% + Basic reading + range 0.04% + 0.04% 0.04% + 0.04% 0.038% Direct current input options 10Arms (30Apk)    30Arms (300Apk)    50Arms (1000Apk) ...
  • Page 111 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Appendix A – Accessories Supplied Standard Accessories Leads Power, RS232, USB Connection 36Arms rated 1.5 meter long leads with 4mm – cables stackable terminals 1x Yellow, 1 x Red and 2x Black per phase Note 1: LC version instruments (rated at 10Arms) are supplied with 20Arms connection cables Note 2: HC version instruments (rated at...
  • Page 112 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual External shunts A range of high bandwidth external shunts are available to extend the operating range of the current measurements. The external shunts are built using N4L proprietary shunt design to give high accuracy from DC to 1MHz. They are designed comply with...
  • Page 113 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual PCIS - Phase controlled inrush switch To measure the maximum inrush current of a load it is important to switch on the supply to it at the worst point in the cycle – usually 90˚ or 270˚ for a capacitive load, 0˚ or 180˚...
  • Page 114 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Ultra low capacitance high voltage probes The KinetiQ voltage inputs have a capacitance to ground of around 50pF but even this low value can cause problems with high frequency high voltage waveforms. The ultra low capacitance high voltage probes use a differential input arrangement optimised minimum...
  • Page 115 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual External input attenuator The KinetiQ voltage inputs have a +/-3V peak external input for use with probes or attenuators. A divide by 10 or divide by 20 passive attenuator with a bandwidth of dc-30MHz (+/-1dB) is available to extend the +/-3V peak input to +/-30V and +/-60V respectively.
  • Page 116 COM port parameters configure menu firmware upgrade instrument menu read/store user programs instrument menu *All N4L software applications are available to download free of charge from our website. To find out more please visit us at www.newtons4th.com* 17-10...
  • Page 117 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Appendix B – Serial command summary command format reply format *CLS *ESE,value *ESE? single integer data value *ESR? single integer data value *IDN? company,product,serial no,version *OPC? 0 or 1 *RST *SRE,value single integer data value *SRE? *STB? single integer data value *TRG...
  • Page 118 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual FQLOCK,on/off FQREF,phase,channel FREQUE,frequency HARMON,para,h,hmax HARMON,phase? freq,mag1,mag2,hmag1,hmag2,h1,h2, thd1,thd2,hphase1,hphase2 HARMON,phase,SERIES? mag,%, x n harmonics mag,phase, x n harmonics HOLD,on/off INPUT,channel,type INTEGR,type,display INTEGR,RUNTIM,hours,mins INTEGR,phase? time,Wh,Wh.f, VArh,VArh.f,VAh,VAh.f, pf,pf.f,Vav,Vav.fAh,Ah.f KEYBOA,value LCR,conditions,param,head LCR,phase? freq,Vmag,Amag,impedance,phase,R, L,C,tanδ,Qf,reactance LOWFRE,on/off MODE,type MSLAVE,type MULTILOG,index,phase,func MULTILOG? 1-30 floats as selected PFCONV,convention PHANGREF,reference Current or Voltage...
  • Page 119 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual POWER,WVA? Freq,w1,vrms1,arms1,w2,vrms2, arms2,w3,vrms3,arms3 PROGRAM,function,number PROGRAM? CR terminated text string RANGE,ch,ranging,range RESOLU.format RESULT,function,number RESULT multiple integers REZERO SCALE,channel,factor SCALE,channel? Single real data value SCOPE,phase,v/a? range, trigger, 250 signed integer data values SHUNT,channel,resistance SHUNT,channel? Single real data value SMOOTH,type,dynamics SPEED,value,window START...

  • Page 120: Calibration Commands

    PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual calibration commands CALAPP CALCOM,freq CALFIL,index,value CALFIL? Six real data values CALFRQ,index,freq CALFRQ? Seven real data values CALIBR,index,value CALIBR? Single integer data value CALIDS,string CALIDS? String CALPHA,index CALRES CALSAV,password CALSNO,serial number CALSTR,string CALSTR? String CALTQS,index,value CALTQS? Four real data values...
  • Page 121 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Appendix C – Available character set The following characters can be selected in text entry mode. The table is to be read across then down (eg, starting at space and repeatedly pressing NEXT gives ! “ # $ % & ‘ ( ) * etc.) “...
  • Page 122 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Appendix D – Configurable parameters All parameters can be accessed using the CONFIG command: CONFIG,parameter? CONFIG,parameter,data Number Function System parameters operating mode digital resolution master/slave autozero manual or auto phase convention Frequency lock constant / dynamic / normal graph keyboard beep on/off ignore overload...
  • Page 123 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual bandwidth scale factor channel 1 voltage scale factor channel 2 current external shunt channel 1 external shunt channel 2 General parameters Remote resolution voltage or current frequency reference Display parameters display page zoom level function zoomed on 1 function zoomed on 2 function zoomed on 3 function zoomed on 4...
  • Page 124 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual sub argument 1 coefficient 1 argument 2 sub argument 2 coefficient 2 Application mode parameters minimum frequency (dynamic) application mode PWM frequency filter ballast frequency tracking speed PWM low frequency mode More maths parameters argument 3 sub argument 3 coefficient 3 argument 4...
  • Page 125 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual Harmonic analyser parameters computation mode selected harmonic maximum harmonic harmonic bargraph voltage rated current for TRD harmonic bargraph current Extended harmonic frequency range Oscilloscope parameters timebase trigger level pretrigger trigger polarity trigger mode trigger reference trigger phase cursors enable trigger HF reject traces...
  • Page 126 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual LCR meter parameters parameter measurement offset Phase meter parameters rms voltage peak sampling rate / compensation rectified mean dB offset computation System parameters RS232 printer enable IEEE address interface recall with program Alarm functions alarm 1 data alarm 1 type alarm 1 high threshold alarm 1 low threshold...
  • Page 127 PPA55xx “KinetiQ” user manual input ranging channel 3 input ranging channel 4 acdc coupling phase 2 bandwidth phase 2 scale factor channel 3 voltage scale factor channel 4 current external attenuator channel 3 external shunt channel 4 Input parameters (phase 3) enable channel 5 enable channel 6 input range channel 5...
  • Page 128 At Newtons4th Ltd. we have a policy of continuous product improvement and are always keen to hear comments, whether favourable or unfavourable, from users of our products. An example comment form can be found at the end of this manual –...
  • Page 129 PPA55xx KINETIQ comments serial main release: date: number: dsp release: fpga release: boot release: (press SYS then LEFT) your contact details: comments: detailed description of application or circumstances: Please post or fax to Newtons4th Ltd.

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