Aaronia Spectran V4 Manual

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Manual Spectran V4
Please read the following manual carefully before using your
measurement device. This manual contains important information on how
to properly operate this unit.
1.3
Aaronia AG
www.aaronia.de

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Summary of Contents for Aaronia Spectran V4

  • Page 1 Manual Spectran V4 Please read the following manual carefully before using your measurement device. This manual contains important information on how to properly operate this unit. Aaronia AG www.aaronia.de...
  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    Reflev (referenz-level) ...................... 22 5.3.8. Range (dynamics) ......................23 5.3.9. Atten (attenuator) ......................24 5.3.10. PreAmp (internal pre-amplifier / option 020) ..............24 5.3.11. Demod (Demodulator /audio-analysis/GSM-Decoder) ............. 25 HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 3 Prepair device ......................... 50 8.2. Basics ............................50 8.3. Measurement ........................... 50 8.4. Operation mode „Spectrum analysis“ .................. 50 8.5. Hold-function .......................... 51 8.6. The „panning approach“ ......................52 HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 4 Table 1: Conversion dBm to W/m² with HyperLOG-antenna ............74 Table 2: Conversion from W/m² to µW/cm² and mW/cm² ..............76 Table 3: Conversion from µW/cm² to V/m and A/m ................76 HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 5 Table 9: German GSM1800 frequencies and providers ..............79 Table 10: German UMTS frequencies and providers ................ 80 12.3. Exposure limits ........................81 12.4. Device exposure limits ......................83 HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 6: Introduction

    Despite the greatest care in development and production of this device and the software MCS for free; Aaronia AG takes only liabilities for certain purposes, if this has been assured in writing. No warranty can be assumed for the performance and flawlessness of the software for all usage conditions and cases and for the results produced when utilized by the user.
  • Page 7: Safety Guidelines

    Consider the regulations for prevention of industrial accidents for electrical installations and equipment, by government safety organization in industrial facilities. In schools, educational establishments, hoppy and self-help workshops the operation of this product must be supervised by trained personnel. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 8: Scope Of Delivery

    Aaronia 1300mAh Power battery (already fitted) Aluminum carrycase Manuel and software on CD Please check the package contents for completeness before first operation. Reclaim possible missing parts instantly with Aaronia or your Aaronia dealer. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 9 Warning: Be careful not to overload the instrument’s input with excessively strong signals which could permanently damage the highly sensitive circuitry! The maximum allowable peak power at the input of the Spectran V4 is: -with activated PreAmplifier: 0dBm maximum (peak) -HF-6060 V4 &...
  • Page 10: Connections

    USB B 5-pin (see Aaronia accessory list). Note: We strongly recommend using our own custom built USB cable as these incorporate especially developed EMC shielding and thus drastically reduce any possible interference HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 11: Audio Output

    OFF your Spectran and the battery pack will automatically charged. Full charge is reached after about 24 hours for the standard 1300mAh battery, and about 36 hours for the optional LiPo 3000mAh version. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 12: Operating With An External Power Supply

    Note: You can also connect other DC power sources with an output voltage of 12V, using a 3.5mm phone jack. Polarity of the jack needs to be as follows: The “inner conductor” must be “+”, the “outer conductor” must be “-“. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 13: Overview Front Panel

    -Switch between the modes Spectrum, exposure limit calculation, audio an broadband detector (if installed) -With main menu active: Confirms current input (Enter key) Menu button -Call/dismiss main menu for changing various settings. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 14: Numeric Block (Hotkeys)

    (2400 – 2490 MHz / cell towers, no cellphones 9 = LTE2.6 (2500 – 2690 MHz) 0 = DECT-analyzer (1880 – 1900 MHz) (Measurement of digital portable DECT phones) HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 15: Lc Display

    2 = Bargraph (50 segments / scala) 3 = Status field: 4 = Detector display 5 = main display 6 = Marker-block 1, 2, 3 7 = Grafik-Display (Pixel-field) 8 = Display mode HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 16: The Display Shows

    This flexible display field can display a great variety of Graphic- information, both text and graphics (spectrum, exposure Display (here: limits, menu text etc.) Spectrum - display) HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 17: Functional Description

    50 Ohm SMA HF- Eingang (f) Eingang (f) Eingang (f) Accurady +/- 2dB +/- 2dB +/- 1dB Interface USB 2.0/1.1 USB 2.0/1.1 USB 2.0/1.1 weight 430 g 430 g 430 g HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 18: Main Menu

    After checking the values in question, just press the menu key again, and the measurement continues without any change of parameters. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 19: Menu Items

    Tip: By using the Right/Left arrow keys, you can simply move the sweep range by exactly one Span to the right or left. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 20: Flow & Fhigh (Start & Stop Frequency)

    You will be able to see far more details and higher accuracy. A large frequency span is thus mostly useful for a broad overview, not for exact measurements. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 21: Rbw (Bandwidth)

    VBW – 100KHz Tip: By using the Right/Left arrow keys, you can simply move the sweep range by exactly one Span to the right or left. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 22: Swtime (Sweep-Time)

    Reflev (Reference-Level) dBm Tip: Using the Up/Down arrow keys, the reference level can be moved up or down by 10dB at any time. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 23: Range (Dynamics)

    (depending on the RefLev setting). In the end, the Range function is comparable to a “magnifying glass”, though it only works in the Y axis. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 24: Atten (Attenuator)

    Benutzen nur bei sehr schwachen Signalen, da dieser bei Signalen über 0dBm (Peak) zerstört werden kann. Warning: Only use the PreAmp with very weak signals, as strong signals over 0dBm (peak) can destroy it! HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 25: Demod (Demodulator /Audio-Analysis/Gsm-Decoder)

    Depending on antenna alignment, you might also hear the modulation of the GSM signal. Tip: As demodulation is performed in almost real-time, it is especially suitable for very quick location and assessment of signal sources. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 26: Demod (Gsm-Decoder)

    Tip: The signal-dynamic can be changed at any time by changing the Reference Level. The tone changes only after each sweep completes and corresponds to the highest level dete HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 27: Detect (Detector Type)

    Tip: You can always switch between the RMS and MinMax modes with the shift key – one case where this is useful is determining the crest factor (the difference between RMS and MinMax). HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 28: Disp (Display Mode)

    T-Mobile (952 and 942 MHz) as well as Vodafone (936MHz) cell towers. Tip: You can toggle between PkHold and Write mode at any time by pressing the dot key. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 29: Unit (Set Unit)

    Tip: You can enforce display of the currently selected unit in the large info field by pressing the menu key twice, which will replace the text displayed in the large info field with the current unit. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 30: Mrkcnt (Set Number Of Markers)

    -90dBm setting, even the smallest signals, albeit many of them might be interference or noise, will trigger marker display. The default setting (-70dBm) delivers optimum results in the majority of cases. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 31: Mrkdis (Marker Display Mode)

    In most situations, the Freq. mode is the more appropriate choices, as the marker freq are usually the more Amp. (Amplitude wird groß important piece of information and thus should be the most dargestellt) readable. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 32: Backbb (Change Bargraph Display Mode, Option 20X)

    „HL7025“ = HyperLOG7025 „HL7040“ = HyperLOG7040 In case no antenna is connected, please use the “None” (0dBi) option. You can also create your own custom antenna types using our MCS software. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 33: Cable (Configure Antenna Connection Cable / Attenuator)

    (e. g. preamplifier or antenna). You can only set one offset. With „UBBV12“ you can select our optional 40dB preamplifier. “0dB” (or pressing the CLR key) will set all offsets back to zero (default). HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 34: Gsmbst (Select Gsm Burst-Type)

    The Bright option allows you to change display brightness. Simply turn the Jog Dial until the desired brightness level is reached, and confirm the setting by pressing the Enter key. The new setting will be permanently saved. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 35: Logger (Start Recording/Data Logger)

    The logger always saves the data shown in the highest marker at the sweep display. Therefore be sure to lower the Marker Level, so that you always get a marker otherwise you will have no useful data recorded. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 36 – the dBm values are transferred with an accuracy of two decimal places. Please note that the internal 64K memory can quickly be filled up. Thus, we strongly recommend our 1MB memory expansion (option 001) for using the Logger function. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 37 Numbers 300 to 400 are freely available. Note: It’s only possible to save data if no marker is displayed on the device. Therefore ensure that the marker-level is adjusted low enough: HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 38: Setup (Organize Programs)

    Enter the number of the program to be erased. „CalRun“ This option recalibrates the Spectran noise floor on different points within the full frequency range and stores the results permanently. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 39 Don’t connect any antenna, USB cable or power charger. Only start the calibration within a low RF area or room. You get the best results if you use our optional calibration-resistor, which gets connected to the Spectran SMA RF input. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 40: First Operational Steps

    “pistol grip” to the bottom side of the HyperLOG antenna, in a way that the HyperLOG antenna points away from you (see picture). Please perform now a hardware-setup (chapter 6.4.) HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 41: One-Hand Operation

    HyperLOG antenna further into the sensor pickups on the Spectran. As soon as the SMA adapter is screwed to the HyperLOG antenna, slightly tighten the connection with the SMA tool, as described above (see Chapter. 6.4.) HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 42: Omnilog 90200

    Der Pistolengriff lässt sich sowohl an der HyperLOG Antenne als auch am Spectran montieren. Das Messgerät lässt sich so auch als Tischgerät aufstellen. Hierzu den Pistolengriff als Ministativ aufklappen. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 43: Hardware-Setup

    Before taking any measurement, you must tell Spectran which antenna and/or which cable is connected. Otherwise serious mis-measurement can occur, as every antenna and every cable has totally different characteristics. All Aaronia antennas and cables have thus been calibrated. You can select these pre-defined calibration data on Spectran, but also you can load own custom calibration settings As a factory default (on delivery), the recommended configuration “HyperLOG”...
  • Page 44 Hence, each time you use the unit, you should make sure that the connected antenna and cable really correspond with the settings made in the hardware setup, as otherwise, severe mis-measurement may occur. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 45: Correct Measurement

    Simply conduct a “measurement” without an antenna and/or signal source or by connecting a 50 Ohms terminator. Any signals then possibly shown are the noise floor of your instrument. Noise floor (below this imaginary line) HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 46: Harmonics

    When measuring WLAN, you should continuously transfer data. Should the system be operating in “Pin”-mode only, be sure to use a longer sample-time (5s) Further optimized configurations can be found in our “MCS” PC software. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 47: Attenuator-Mode „Auto

    Spectran’s noise floor increases with lower frequencies, while sensitivity decreases. A practical example: Using the same filter settings, you can measure considerably weaker signals at 5 GHz than at, say 100MHz. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 48: Measurement Inaccuracy

    -42dBm (-45dBm +3dB) and - 48dBm (-45dBm – 3dB). Thus, as you want to measure exposure due to radiation, you should always assume the highest value, namely -42dBm.. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 49: The Cursor And Zoom Features

    Deactivate the cursor again by pressing the menu button twice. Attention: The cursor does not get erased when in hold-mode. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 50: First Measurement

    The Main display always shows the level of the strongest signal, „-45“ in our example. The higher this figure is (the closer it gets to “0” or a positive value), the stronger the received HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 51: Hold-Function

    If you press the dot key for a second time, HOLD disappears again from the Mode status field, and the Hold mode is deactivated. For finding the absolute maximum, the so-called „panning approach“ is used. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 52: The „Panning Approach

    Firstly, the strongest signals are shown along with their frequencies and levels using markers, just like in spectrum mode. The large main display shows the level of the strongest signal, as usual. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 53 (complex formula) Salz 1 = Old Salzburg precautionary value (1mW/m²) Salz 2 = Salzburg precautionary value outdoors 2002 (10 µW/m²) Salz 3 = Salzburg precautionary value indoors 2002 (1µW/m²) HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 54: Operation Mode Audio-Output (Demodulation)

    As demodulation takes place in real-time, it is also perfectly suited for quickly locating a signal source. Spectran offers the following demodulation modes: AM = amplitude modulation FM = frequency modulation PM = phase modulation HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 55 Attention: During audio analysis, the complete display is „frozen“ and the pixel display is turned off to free up enough CPU power for demodulation. Hence, only an acoustic reproduction takes place. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 56 Tip: Optionally, you can even visualize the demodulation using a LF spectrum analyzer. The Spectran NF series lends itself optimally for this purpose, as the NF-3020 and above offer the required signal input. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 57: Operation Mode Broadband Detector (Peak Power Meter)

    V/m resp. A/m of this particular signal. Just note the dBm figure displayed by Spectran and apply the corresponding formula in chapter 11. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 58 BackBB function) to always show the peak signal strength measured by the detector. Even in spectrum analysis mode, where normally the frequency selective measurement result is displayed, the bargraph will then always show the broadband peak power measured by the broadband detector. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 59: Manual Setting Of A Frequency Range

    MHz, using the number keys. In this case, we want to start at 2,110.3MHz. So, enter 2110 (rounded) and correct any typos by pressing the CLR key and repeating the input. When finished, press Enter again for confirmation. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 60 Vodafone UMTS cell tower is active and how strong the signal is. Tip: If you like, you can save a particular setting as a custom „hotkey“. You can find more information on this feature on the following pages. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 61: Tips And Tricks

    = Maximum usuable Span 3,2 MHz and so on. As an example, you can monitor the complete Wlan frequency range (90MHz span) with an RBW setting of 3MHz in “Turbo sweep” mode. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 62: Turbo"Sweep For Larger Frequency Ranges

    Like this, you will never miss a channel hop and can e. g. quickly evaluate the strongest detected level on ANY channel by using PkHold. (Chapter 8.6.) HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 63: Exposure Limit Calculation

    Tip: We offer the FREE PC analysis software „MCS“ for Spectran on our homepage. This really versatile software unleashes Spectran’s full potential. Whenever possible, you should use this software for getting everything possible out of your Spectran instrument. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 64: Measurement Of Satellite Tv

    In addition, all V4 series models can generally accept DC voltages of up to 50 V. Please choose for a correct measurement the 20dB attenuator in the menu CABLE. ((„-20dB“, chapter 5.3.21) HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 65: Spectrum Analysis Basics

    WLan 802.11a 0.025 It is easily visible that each radio application may only use one exactly defined frequency range. Also, the high differences in admissible transmitting power are noticeable. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 66: Application Of Spectrum Analysis

    Hz is often extended to MHz (1.000.000Hz) and GHz (1 000 000 000Hz). Like this, the whole thing becomes much clearer. So, 1 000 000 000Hz can also be written as 1 000MHz or 1GHz. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 67 Ok, this was still pretty simple. Now, we tag each of the 3 applications depending on their frequency on the right spot of the X-axis and can thus see where they can be found: 1GHz__________ __________ __________ __________ __________6GHz HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 68 Marker 1 (the first bar from the left) is displayed 942MHz; strength -63dBm. Marker 2 (the second bar) is displayed 2 024MHz; strength -23dBm. Marker 3 (rightmost bar) is displayed 5.823MHz; strength -42dBm. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 69 On the basis of these frequency tables, we can determine for e. g. 942MHz: 937.6 to 944,8MHz = GMS900 (DL) T-Mobile Meaning that this is a GSM900 cell tower (DL-Download) of the provider “T-Mobile”. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 70: Physical Units

    Spectran offers a practical Autorange feature in W/m²-mode, e. g. instead of displaying an endless number of zeroes; it just displays the corresponding abbreviation f, p, n, µ or m before the unit. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 71: Interesting Facts Regarding High-Frequency Formula

    ∗ If „H“ is unknown, the following formula still allows a calculation of S, assuming 377 Ohms as the so-called „field resistance“ of air: ² 377 HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 72: Calculating The Wavelength In [M]

    Examples: "# λ = = 0.33 m (For 900 MHz, the result is 0.33m) "# λ = = 0.17 m (For 1 800 MHz, the result is 0.17 m) HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 73: Calculating The „Close-Up Range" In [M]

    W/m². You will also need the antenna gain of the antenna used for measurement. The formula you need looks like this: &'(&',* ,∗ - $ ,.00 ∗ , $./!² , !!/ = 0,00000408 W/m² = 4,08 µW/m² HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 74: Tables And Exposure Limits

    19dB lower than the actual reading ((24dBi minus 5dBi [as 5dBi gain is already included in the calculated table values]). For example: -43dBm instead of -24dBm. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 75 – for example, all cellular phone networks (GSM900, GSM1800, UMTS) and the respective phones, as well as 2.4GHz WLan and microwave ovens. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 76: Table 2: Conversion From W/M² To Μw/Cm² And Mw/Cm²

    0,000.000.1W 100nW -50dBm -80dBW 0,000.000.01W 10nW -60dBm -90dBW 0,000.000.001W -70dBm -100dBW 0,000.000.000.1W 100pW dBm = Decibelmilliwatts, dBW = Decibelwatts, W = Watts, mW = Milliwatts, µW=Microwatts, nW= Nanowatts, pW=Picowatts HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 77: Table 5: Frequency, Wavelength And Frequency Band Denomination

    10 dB 20 dB 1 000 30 dB 10 000 40 dB 100 000 50 dB 1 000 000 60 dB 10 000 000 70 dB dB = Dezibel HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 78: Frequency Tables

    GSM900 (DL) T-Mobile 945,0 951,0 GSM900 (DL) Vodafone 951,2 955,4 GSM900 (DL) T-Mobile 955,6 959,2 GSM900 (DL) Vodafone 959,4 959,8 GSM900 (DL) T-Mobile All frequencies are stated in MHz. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 79: Table 9: German Gsm1800 Frequencies And Providers

    Pulsed at 217Hz. Control channel pulsed at 736Hz. Power variable between 0.5 and 400W ERP. Range of up to 32 km. More extensive lists are available on the Aaronia website www.aaronia.com. To get the full opportunities, get the free PC analysis software directly from there.
  • Page 80: Table 10: German Umts Frequencies And Providers

    (DL) = "Downlink" mostly means "base station" (fixed transmitter which transmits towards the portable device, e. g. cell tower). Power varies between 0.5 to 500W ERP. Range of up to 8 More extensive lists are available on www.aaronia.com HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 81: Exposure Limits

    1Hz to 100GHz. The graph clearly shows that the formerly widespread broadband RF measurement instruments cannot measure and evaluate these exposure limits correctly as they are not frequency-dependent. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 82 TV and radio broadcast towers. Contrary to widespread belief, however, often it’s not the cell towers that cause the strongest exposure to radiation in homes – it’s often portable phones (so-called DECT phones) or microwaves ovens. HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 83: Device Exposure Limits

    A particularly restrictive example is the ISM868 band. It offers extreme dynamics inside a very small frequency range: ERP [mW] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 868,7 869,3 869,65 868,0 868,6 869,2 869,4 870,0 HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 84 & fHigh 19, 20 Shift-button 13 FM 13, 17, 54 signal types 63 Freq 31 SMA-adapter 8 frequency modulation 54 Span 19, 61 GSM 17, 26, 34 Spectrum analysis 50 HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...
  • Page 85 Start-frequency 59 UMTS 14 Sweep 13, 22, 47, 61, 62 Unit 29 SwTime 22, 63 USB-Connector 10 Technical data 17 wavelength 72, 73, 77 WLan 14 Tetra 14 Tips 61 HW V4 / © 2005 – 2013 Aaronia AG, DE-54597 Strickscheid...

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