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Perle P850 Reference Manual

Ethernet remote bridge/router
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Perle P850
Bridge/Router

Reference Manual

All Software Versions
Part number 5500087-12
© Copyright 2002 by Perle Systems Ltd.

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Summary of Contents for Perle P850

  • Page 1: Reference Manual

    Perle P850 Bridge/Router Reference Manual All Software Versions Part number 5500087-12 © Copyright 2002 by Perle Systems Ltd.
  • Page 2 The P850 Ethernet bridge/router can be thought of as a group of discrete functions combined in a single box. The first functional module is the LAN interface, which receives all LAN traffic and then decides where individual frames should be sent: to the IP router, to the IPX router, to the bridge, to the management system, or discarded altogether.

  • Page 3: Arp-Address Resolution Protocol

    Introduction ARP—Address Resolution Protocol A protocol called ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to determine the MAC address of a particular IP address. The MAC (Medium Access Control) address is unique predefined number for each device on the LAN. The manufacturer of the device assigns MAC addresses.

  • Page 4: Ip Header Details

    Introduction • Local router will look in its ARP cache to find the MAC address of the destination router as determined by the IP address in the routing table. • Local router will rebuild the complete frame with a new MAC header indicating the MAC address of the destination router.

  • Page 5: Time To Live

    Each of the fragments is assigned a fragment offset value, which determines where the fragment fits into the original IP frame. The P850 Ethernet bridge/router will accept fragmented frames directed to itself and reassemble them, but it will not fragment frames.

  • Page 6: Icmp Messages

    Introduction Time Stamps The time stamp option is used to record the time at which the IP frame passed through each router on its way to the destination station. ICMP Messages Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) messages are used to perform station and router protocol participation. ICMP messages are passed between routers, or between routers and stations.

  • Page 7: Rip-Routing Information Protocol

    Introduction RIP—Routing Information Protocol The most important function of the IP protocol is routing. IP routers constantly exchange information keeping their routing tables up to date. A method of communication is required to ensure compatibility between all IP routers in the network. RIP is the portion of the IP protocol that is used for router communication.

  • Page 8: Ipx Addressing

    Introduction IPX Routing and The P850 Ethernet Remote Bridge/Router The P850 Ethernet bridge/router may be used to route between IPX networks. Novell Netware uses a suite of protocols for LAN communications. The Novell protocols include IPX, SPX, RIP, SAP, plus others, and operate at layers 3 and above.

  • Page 9: Network Addresses

    Introduction Network Addresses The Network Number addresses the network. All stations on the same “network” will have the same Network Number. Note that a network could be a single segment, or multiple segments joined by either bridges or repeaters. In IPX internetworks, routers must be used to join different networks together. Node Addresses The Node Number identifies the individual stations in a Network.

  • Page 10: Establishing An Ipx Connection

    Introduction The checksum is a hold-over field from the XNS model used by Novell. In the original XNS header, the checksum was used; however, Novell decided that the MAC trailer CRC was enough protection and the IPX header checksum need not be used. Therefore the IPX checksum is permanently set to FFFF. The length field indicates the total length of the IPX packet.

  • Page 11: Routing Information Protocol

    Introduction broadcasting availability. A Novell user can execute the SLIST.EXE program to display the current list of known servers. When a Client or Server notices that a Server from its known Server list has missed a broadcast (it should get one about every 30 seconds), it starts up a counter, and when the Server has missed 3 broadcast intervals (about 180 seconds) that Service is removed from the known Server list.

  • Page 12: Rip/X Broadcasts

    Introduction RIP/X Broadcasts A RIP broadcast is sent out by IPX routers every 30 seconds or so. Each broadcast may contain information on up to 15 different routes (to 15 different networks). If a router knows of more than 15 networks it will send out two (or more) broadcasts.

  • Page 13: The Initial Bridging Process

    The P850 Ethernet remote bridge/router will also fit right into those environments that may require more than one bridge by using the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol. With this protocol, the P850 Ethernet remote bridge/router will perform automatic network reconfiguration in the event of a link failure to one of the LAN segments.

  • Page 14: Forwarding Unknown Destination Addresses

    In summary, the P850 Ethernet bridge/router will “learn” the location of a station by examining the source Ethernet address, and will “filter” frames based on destination address. A frame received from one segment that is of “unknown”...

  • Page 15: Aging Timer

    These tables may be displayed and modified with the bridge/router options discussed in this manual. Access is made locally from each Bridge/Router Console or one bridge/router can be made Master, able to control all functions of a partner P850 Ethernet bridge/router. Filled Address Table Sometimes filter address table may become full.

  • Page 16: Link Compression

    The IP address of another bridge/router may be assigned a name to simplify the connection process. Telnet connection to the other P850 bridge/router may be established by entering either the name or the IP address of that router. Refer to the Remote Site Set-Up Menu (under Configuration / WAN Set-UP) for more information on adding names to the bridge/router.
  • Page 17 Introduction Compression Ratio File Type Figure 1 - 5 Typical Compression Ratios by File Type Data compression will give a 56/64 Kbps link an effective throughput range from 112/128 Kbps when transferring binary files, to 364/384 Kbps when transferring graphic files. This increased throughput significantly reduces the bandwidth required between the LANs to achieve a given performance level, and also allows the use of lower-cost transmission facilities.

  • Page 18: Operating Software Upgrades

    Operating Software Upgrades The P850 Ethernet Bridge/Router includes flash memory, that allows new system code to be downloaded using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP). This allows software updates to be performed quickly and painlessly from a host server (with TFTP capabilities) on the network.

  • Page 19: Universal Wan Module

    (external clock pins) on the DCE interface. This clock is then received by the P850 link interface. By using this method, the P850 may be in control of the link speed. The link speed may also be controlled by the P850 when a...

  • Page 20: Console Connector

    Link Interfaces Reference Changing the link speed within the menu system of the P850 changes the clock output speed that is generated on the DTE Terminal Timing pins on the link interfaces. Console Connector The console connector on the P850 router is a DCE interface on a RJ45 pinout. The supplied DB9 to RJ45 converter should be used to connect to the DB9 connector of a DTE terminal.
  • Page 21 7 --> 1 8 --> 2 T1/E1 Module: P850 routers with a T1/E1 interface module use a standard RJ45 service connector. T1/E 1 Figure 2-3 Rear View of the T1/E1 Connector When two T1/E1 routers are to be connected in a back to back set-up, a null-modem crossover cable used for the connection.

  • Page 22: Link Pinouts

    Link Interfaces Reference V.35 Link Pinouts The connector shown here and pinouts described here correspond to the connector labeled “V.35” on the back of the P850. DB25 Female DTE DB25 M.34 Direction Contact Contact Circuit From Number Number Name DCE DCE...

  • Page 23: Null-Modem Cable Configuration

    Link Interfaces Reference V.35 Null-Modem Cable Configuration Figure 2 - 5 V.35 Null-Modem Cable The connecting cable must be a shielded cable. Circuits which are paired (contain an (A) and (B) reference) should be connected to twisted pairs within the connecting cable.

  • Page 24: Rs232C Link Pinouts

    Link Interfaces Reference V.24 & RS232C Link Pinouts The pinouts described here correspond to the RS232/ V.24 mode for a Universal WAN P850. DB25 Female DTE CCITT Direction Contact Circuit Circuit From Number Number Circuit Name DCE DCE Protective Ground...

  • Page 25: X.21 Link Pinouts

    Link Interfaces Reference V.11 & X.21 Link Pinouts The pinouts described here correspond to the V.11/X.21 mode for a Universal WAN P850. Note: A DB25 to DB15 pin converter will be required to connect to V.11/X.21 service. X.21 Direction Contact...
  • Page 26 Link Interfaces Reference RS442 & RS530 Link Pinouts The pinouts described here correspond to RS530 mode for a Universal WAN P850. Direction Contact Circuit From Number Circuit Name DCE DCE Shield Protective Ground BA (A) Transmitted Data BB (A) Received Data...

  • Page 27: Rs232 Null-Modem Cable Configuration

    Link Interfaces Reference RS232 Null-Modem Cable Configuration Figure 2 - 9 RS232 Null-Modem Cable The connecting cable must be a shielded cable. This cable is needed when it is necessary to connect two units back-to-back and a set of modems is not available. Note that this cable specifies DB25 connectors on each end to allow direct connection to the link interface connector on each unit.

  • Page 28: Rs530 Null-Modem Cable Configuration

    Link Interfaces Reference RS530 Null-Modem Cable Configuration DB25 MALE DB25 MALE Shield Shield Received Data (A) Transmitted Data (A) Received Data (B) Transmitted Data (B) Transmitted Data (A) Received Data (A) Received Data (B) Transmitted Data (B) DCE Ready (A) Request To Send (A) Request To Send (B) DCE Ready (B)
  • Page 29 Link Interfaces Reference V.11/X.21 Null-Modem Cable Configuration Figure 2 - 11 V.11/X.21 Null-Modem Cable The connecting cable must be a shielded cable. Circuits which are paired (contain an (A) and (B) reference) should be connected to twisted pairs within the connecting cable.

  • Page 30: Wan Link Control-Signal Operation

    Link Interfaces Reference WAN Link Control-Signal Operation CTS flow control is not supported. 1) When a call is made to the bridge/router, RI will be asserted by the modem. The bridge/router responds by driving DTR and RTS high to signal to the partner’s modem that it is ready to establish communications. The bridge/router then waits (for the duration of the CD Wait Time, default 60 seconds) for the partner’s modem to respond with incoming CD and DSR signals driven high.

  • Page 31: Event Logs

    Event Logs The P850 Ethernet bridge/router generates event logs for various functions performed by the bridge/router. All of the event logs are stored in the internal event log file, which is accessible through the Network Events menu. Certain event logs are classified as alarms because they are deemed to be of higher urgency. Alarm logs are indicated by an asterisk (“*”) at the start of the alarm text and are printed on the ALARM line on the menu system as well as being stored in...
  • Page 32 Event Logs DHCP: pool deleted due to mismatch with new IP address Generated when the address of this device is changed , rendering the block of addresses assigned to the DHCP pool invalid. DHCP: Requested address unavailable <IP address> Generated when the address requested by a client is unavailable DHCP services –...
  • Page 33 Event Logs IPX: X, unknown SAP packet type received Generated when the device receives an invalid SAP packet. IPX: X, demand RIP failed Generated when this device reaches the end of the attempts to negotiate demand RIP for the IPXCP connection.
  • Page 34 Generated when the CSU/DSU link module cannot establish communications with the local telco. Link X CSU/DSU: Reset Generated when the P850 has initiated a reset of the CSU/DSU link module. Link X - external loopback results[Total: X] [Good: X] [Errors: X] Generated after the CSU/DSU link module has completed an external loopback.
  • Page 35 Event Logs LMI discarding STATUS on link X – Enquiries not started Generated when the bridge/router discards a Status message received from the frame relay network on a link that the bridge/router has not yet started the Local Management Interface. No NCP's open, tearing link down Generated when a PPP link does not have a Network Control Protocol operating.
  • Page 36 Event Logs Starting IPCP negotiation with <remote site alias> Generated when the Internet Protocol Control Protocol negotiation has been initiated with the remote site device associated with the stated remote site profile. Starting IPXCP negotiation with <remote site alias> Generated when the Internet Packet Exchange Control Protocol negotiation has been initiated with the remote site device associated with the stated remote site profile.

  • Page 37: Alarm Logs

    Event Logs Alarm logs: * Auto-learning of LMI type on link X unsuccessful Generated when the LMI type on a link is not successfully auto-learned. * Bad internal block checksum detected Generated when power up diagnostics finds a fault in the internal block of the EEPROM. * Closing remote site X (call limit) Generated when the specified number of calls has been exceeded.
  • Page 38 Event Logs * Closing remote site X (resumption failure) Generated due to failure to resume a suspended connection. * Closing remote site X (scheduled down) Generated due to time-of-day schedule deactivation of the connection. * Closing remote site X (suspension timeout) Generated due to reaching maximum time that the connection may be suspended.
  • Page 39 Event Logs * Download aborted – Incomplete file Generated when a TFTP download is aborted before the file transfer is complete * Download aborted – Invalid FCS Generated when there is a checksum failure after a file download. * Download aborted – Incompatable boot code Generated when the operating code file downloaded is incopatible with the boot code in this device.
  • Page 40 Event Logs * FTP server added to firewall The IP address of the FTP server added to the table of services available through the firewall. * FTP server removed from firewall The IP address of the FTP server removed from the table of services available through the firewall. * IP protocol parameters initialized Generated when IP protocol communications to a remote site configured for frame relay are negotiated successfully.
  • Page 41 Event Logs * Link X, DLCI Y attached to remote site <remote site alias> Generated for frame relay applications when a connection has been made for the DLCI associated with the remote site alias. * Link X down Generated when a WAN link goes down. * Link X down to <remote site alias>...
  • Page 42 Event Logs * NAT table full Generated when no more ports are available for Network Address Translation. * No available remote site for learned DLCI Generated when, during Frame Relay Auto-learning, the remote site table is filled, no space is available to create another entry.
  • Page 43 Event Logs * Remote Site <remote site alias> still closing Generated when a connection is attempted to a remote site whose link is still in the process of being disconnected. * Remote site <remote site alias> suspended Generated when the connection to the specified remote site has been suspended. * Remote site <remote site alias>...
  • Page 44 Event Logs * (T1/E1) Yellow Alarm Off Yellow Carrier Failure Alarm is being turned off – alarm cleared when Yellow Alarm indicator signal from far end stops. * Telnet server removed from firewall The IP address of the Telnet server removed from the table of services available through the firewall. * Telnet server added to firewall The IP address of the Telnet server added to the table of services available through the firewall.
  • Page 45 Event Logs * Unable to route!! UDP failure Generated when the device tried to open an already open UDP channel, causing IP routing to fail. * Unknown call type on remote site <remote site alias> The attempted call is not a Frame Relay or PPP leased line call. Possible cause is a remote site profile being deleted while a connection attempt is being made.
  • Page 46 CHAP failed to complete Generated when the remote site router sent a CHAP challenge and this P850 sent a response, but no further information was received from the remote site router. CHAP login refused by <remote site alias>...

  • Page 47: Programmable Filtering

    The P850 Ethernet bridge/router provides three built-in functions – in addition to defined programmable masks – to control the access to resources. The first function is “Filter if Source”; the second is “Filter if Destination.” The third function allows you to change the filter operation from “positive”...
  • Page 48 Programmable Filtering Security—“Filter if Destination” Filter if Destination is a function that allows you to filter an Ethernet frame based on the destination of its address. If the destination address equals the address that the Filter if Destination function has been applied to, the frame is filtered.
  • Page 49 Programmable Filtering Security—“Filter if Source” Filter if Source is a function that allows you to filter an Ethernet frame if the source address of the frame equals the address that the Filter if Source function has been applied to. Example: Assume that a Personal Computer is located on segment 1 on the local bridge/router.
  • Page 50 Programmable Filtering The bridge/router will prompt you for the LAN that the station is located on; enter the name of the partner bridge/router LAN (LAN345678, for example). Note that the Status of the address is marked as [present], the location is updated to LAN345678 and the Permanent entry is [enabled].
  • Page 51 Programmable Filtering From the MAC ADDRESS FILTERS MENU, make sure that the Filter Operation is currently set to “negative”. This will cause the MAC Address Filters specified to be used for forwarding frames with the specified MAC addresses. From the MAC ADDRESS FILTERS MENU, enter a 1. This will place you at the first EDIT MAC ADDRESS FILTER MENU screen.
  • Page 52 Programmable Filtering From the CONFIGURATION MENU, enter an 8. This will place you at the FILTER SET-UP MENU, where access to the individual filtering menus is obtained. From the FILTER SET-UP MENU, enter a 1. This will place you at the MAC ADDRESS FILTERS MENU, where access to the MAC Address filters is obtained.

  • Page 53: Pattern Filter Operators

    Programmable Filtering Pattern Filter Operators The following operators are used in creating Pattern filters and will be discussed further in the following pages. For additional information refer to the octet locations diagrams at the back of this manual. Each octet location may contain a HEX value.

  • Page 54: Bridge Pattern Filtering

    Ethernet frame, and therefore is transparent to the normal bridging function. If you would like to discriminate against a particular protocol to prevent its use of the bridged LAN facilities, the P850 Ethernet bridge/router provides programmable filter masks that may be defined to act on any part of the Ethernet frame.
  • Page 55 Programmable Filtering Note that when you filter on IP frames, all frames using the IP protocol will also be filtered. This includes TCP, UDP, SNMP, etc.

  • Page 56: Transport Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (Tcp/Ip)

    Programmable Filtering IP, and no more This example performs just the opposite function to the above example. Only IP packets will be allowed to be passed across the bridged network. For this function there must be a method to prevent all but IP packets from being filtered. For this the NOT (“~”) logical operator is used.

  • Page 57: Local Area Transport (Lat)

    Programmable Filtering Local Area Transport (LAT) The Local Area Transport (LAT) protocol is used exclusively by DEC for terminal access between DEC hosts and terminal servers located on an Ethernet network. This example is similar to the Internet Protocol example described previously. The protocol type field value that is used for LAT frames is equal to 6004.

  • Page 58: Bandwidth Conservation

    Bandwidth Conservation Reducing traffic on each LAN segment is one benefit of the bridging functions of a P850 Ethernet bridge/router. There are several simple methods that may be used to provide a further reduction of inter-LAN traffic. The examples that follow present a few very simple methods to reduce inter-LAN traffic, without necessarily reducing resource capability.

  • Page 59: General Restrictions

    Programmable Filtering General Restrictions Bridge Filter Masks may be created to generally restrict access for various purposes. Some of these purposes may be to filter specific combinations of information. This section will generally depict masks that may be created to control traffic across the bridged LAN network.

  • Page 60: Mask Combinations

    Programmable Filtering Mask Combinations Mask combinations may be required to ensure that a frame is sufficiently qualified before the decision to filter is made. The qualification a frame must go through before a filter decision is made depends on the reason for the filter. Nonetheless, a few examples below have been provided that should aid in the creation of a mask that may require that extra little bit of qualification.

  • Page 61: Ip Router Pattern Filtering

    IP frame, and therefore is subject to the IP routing function. If you would like to discriminate against a particular protocol to prevent its usage of the routed LAN facilities the P850 Ethernet remote bridge/router provides programmable filter masks that may be defined to act on any part of the IP frame.

  • Page 62: Octet Locations On A Bridged Tcp/Ip Frame

    Frame Formats This appendix provides octet locations for the various portions of three of the common Ethernet frames. When creating pattern filters these diagrams will assist in the correct definition of the patterns. The offset numbers are indicated by the numbers above the frame representations.

  • Page 63: Ethernet Type Codes

    Frame Formats ETHERNET TYPE CODES Type Code Description 0800 DOD IP 0801 X.75 Internet 0804 Chaosnet 0805 X.25 Level 3 0806 0807 XNS Compatibility 6001 DEC MOP Dump/Load 6002 DEC MOP Remote Console 6003 DEC DECNET Phase IV Route 6004 DEC LAT 6005 DEC Diagnostic Protocol...
  • Page 64 Frame Formats Octet Locations on an IPX Routed Novell Netware Frame Octet Locations on a Bridged XNS Frame...

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