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5.2. PoE Provision Process
While adding PoE support to networked devices is relatively painless, it should be realized that power cannot
simply be transferred over existing CAT-5 cables. Without proper preparation, doing so may result in damage to
devices that are not designed to support provision of power over their network interfaces.
The PSE is the manager of the PoE process. In the beginning, only small voltage level is induced on the port's
output, till a valid PD is detected during the Detection period. The PSE may choose to perform classification, to
estimate the amount of power to be consumed by this PD. After a time-controlled start-up, the PSE begins
supplying the 48 VDC level to the PD, till it is physically or electrically disconnected. Upon disconnection, voltage
and power shut down.
Since the PSE is responsible for the PoE process timing, it is the one generating the probing signals prior to
operating the PD and monitoring the various scenarios that may occur during operation.
All probing is done using voltage induction and current measurement in return.
Stages of powering up a PoE link
Stage
Detection
Classification
Startup
Normal operation
1. Line Detection
Before power is applied, safety dictates that it must first be ensured that a valid PD is connected to the PSE's
output. This process is referred to as "line detection", and involves the PSE seeking a specific, 25 KΩ signature
resistor. Detection of this signature indicates that a valid PD is connected, and that provision of power to the
device may commence.
The signature resistor lies in the PD's PoE front-end, isolated from the rest of the the PD's circuitries till detection
is certified.
2. Classification
Once a PD is detected, the PSE may optionally perform classification, to determine the maximal power a PD is to
consume. The PSE induces 15.5-20.5 VDC, limited to 100 mA, for a period of 10 to 75 ms responded by a certain
current consumption by the PD, indicating its power class.
The PD is assigned to one of 5 classes: 0 (default class) indicates that full 15.4 watts should be provided, 1-3
indicate various required power levels and 4 is reserved for future use. PDs that do not support classification are
assigned to class 0. Special care must be employed in the definition of class thresholds, as classification may be
affected by cable losses.
Classifying a PD according to its power consumption may assist a PoE system in optimizing its power distribution.
Such a system typically suffers from lack of power resources, so that efficient power management based on
classification results may reduce total system costs.
Action
Measure whether powered device has the correct
signature resistance of 15–33 kΩ
Measure which power level class the resistor indicates 14.5-20.5
Where the powered device will startup
Supply power to device
-77-
User's Manual of IAP-200x Series
Volts specified
per 802.3af
2.7-10.0
>42
36-57
Volts managed
by chipset
1.8–10.0
12.5–25.0
>38
25.0–60.0
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