Page 1 400W Series Pilot’s Guide & Reference...
Page 2 © 2010 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided herein, no part of this manual may be reproduced, copied, transmitted, disseminated, downloaded or stored in any storage medium, for any purpose without the express written permission of Garmin.
Page 3: Introduction
GPS receiver away from it. NOTE: The GNS 400W-series units use a different database than in the legacy units. The databases are in- compatible between units. The GNS 400W-series units must use a WAAS enabled database.
Page 4 Please, have the serial number of your unit handy, connect to our web site (www.garmin.com) and look for our Product Registration link on the home page.
Page 5: Accessories And Packing List
Accessories and Packing List Congratulations on choosing the world’ s finest panel-mounted IFR navigation/communication system! The 400W-series represents Garmin’ s continued com- mitment to providing you with the most advanced technology available today — in an accurate, easy-to- use design suitable for all of your flying needs.
Page 6: Limited Warranty
QUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE, OR INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. Some states do not allow the exclusion of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations may not apply to you. Garmin retains the exclusive right to repair or replace the unit or software, or to offer a full refund of the pur- chase price, at its sole discretion. SUCH REMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY BREACH OF WARRANTY. To obtain warranty service, contact your local Garmin Authorized Service Center. For assistance in locating a Service Center near you, visit the Garmin Web site at “http://www.garmin.com”...
Page 7: Table Of Contents
Contents Introduction ...i Cautions ...i Accessories and Packing List ...iii Limited Warranty ... iv Model Descriptions ...1 GPS 400W ...1 GNC 420W/420AW ...1 GNS 430W/430AW ...1 Takeoff Tour ...1 Key and Knob Functions ...2 Left-hand Keys and Knobs ...2 Right-hand Keys and Knobs...3 Bottom Row Keys ...4 Power On ...5 Powering up the 400W-Series Unit...5...
Page 8 INTRODUCTION Activating Flight Plans ...68 Inverting Flight Plans ...69 Create a new flight plan ...69 Crossfill ...70 Copying Flight Plans ...70 Deleting Flight Plans ...70 Deleting All Flight Plans ...71 Sort List By Number?/Sort List by Comment? ...71 Active Flight Plan Page ...72 Active Flight Plan Options ...72 Activate Leg ...72 Crossfill ...73...
Page 9 Setup 1 Page ...169 Airspace Alarms ...171 CDI Scale / Alarms...172 Units / Mag Var ...173 Position Format ...174 Map Datum ...174 Date / Time ...174 Restoring Factory Settings ...175 Setup 2 Page ...175 Display ...177 Nearest Airport Criteria ...178 SBAS Selection ...178 Section 10 Fault Detection &...
Page 10 INTRODUCTION Blank Page viii 190-00356-00 Rev G...
Page 11: Model Descriptions
- Section 9 If you’re unable to locate the information you need, we’re here to help! Garmin’ s Customer Service staff is available during normal business hours (U.S. Central time zone) at the phone and fax numbers listed on page ii.
Page 12: Key And Knob Functions
TAKEOFF TOUR Key and Knob Functions Key and Knob Functions The 400W-series unit is designed to make operation as simple as possible. The key and knob descriptions on the next three pages provide a general overview of the primary function(s) for each key and knob. This Takeoff Tour section is intended to provide a brief overview of the primary functions of your 400W-series unit.
Page 13: Right-Hand Keys And Knobs
Right-hand Keys and Knobs Right-hand Keys and Knobs The range key (RNG) allows you to select the desired map scale. Use the up arrow side of the key to zoom out to a larger area, or the down arrow side to zoom in to a smaller area.
Page 14: Bottom Row Keys
TAKEOFF TOUR Key and Knob Functions Bottom Row Keys The nearest (NRST) key (400W/420W only) displays the nearest airports page. Then, turning the small right knob steps through the NRST pages. The CDI key (430W only) is used to toggle which navigation source (GPS or VLOC) pro- vides output to an external HSI or CDI.
Page 15: Power On
Power On The Garmin 400W-series provides you accurate navigational data and some models also have com- munication capability, along with non-precision and precision approach certification in the IFR environ- ment. The Takeoff Tour is designed to familiarize you with the operation of the 400W-series — including...
Page 16: Instrument Panel Self-Test
TAKEOFF TOUR Instrument Panel Self-Test Check CDI/HSI, RMI and other instruments to verify these indications Should match current OBS course selection Instrument Panel Self-Test Once the database has been acknowledged, the instrument panel self-test page will appear. To ensure that your 400W-series unit and any connected instru- ments are working properly, check for the following indications on your CDI/HSI, RMI, external annuncia- tors and other connected instruments:...
Page 17: Fuel On Board And Checklists
Fuel On Board and Checklists The instrument panel self-test page includes selec- tions to set fuel on board (FOB) to full capacity and access the checklists page. This allows you to quickly set fuel to full limits and display any checklists you’ve entered, such as start up or takeoff checklists.
Page 18: Acquiring Satellites/Messages
TAKEOFF TOUR Acquiring Satellites / Messages Acquiring Satellites/Messages If the 400W-series unit has not been operated for a period of six months or more, it may have to “Search the Sky” to collect new data. This means the unit is acquiring satellite data to establish almanac and satel- lite orbit information, which can take 5 to 10 minutes.
Page 19: Selecting Com And Vloc Frequencies
Selecting COM and VLOC Frequencies While the 400W-series unit is acquiring a position, let’ s take a minute to dial in the active and standby frequencies you’ll be using for the first phase of your flight. The 400W-series display is divided into separate “windows”...
Page 20: Page Groups
TAKEOFF TOUR Page Groups Page Groups (Large right knob to change page groups) NAV Group WPT Group Default NAV Arpt Location Arpt Departure Arpt Runway Intersection Terrain Arpt Frequency NAVCOM Arpt Approach Position Arpt Arrival User Waypoint Satellite Status VNAV Selection of any main page is performed using the large and small right knobs.
Page 21 (Large right knob to change page groups) AUX Group Flight Planning Utility Setup 1 Setup 2 FPL Group Flight plan pages are selected by pressing the FPL key and using the small right knob to select the desired page. Active Flight Plan Flight Plan Catalog NRST Group Nrst User Waypnt...
Page 22: Nav Pages
XM radio, and/or weather information sources. See the 400W/500W Series Display Interfaces Pilot’s NRST 190-00356-31 and the 400W/500W Series Garmin Optional Displays Pilot’s Guide Ad- dendum, part number 190-00356-30. 190-00356-00 Rev G the small right knob. Guide Addendum, part number...
Page 23: Default Nav Page
Default Nav Page During most flights, the default NAV, map and NAVCOM pages will be the primary pages used for navigation. The default NAV page displays a graphic course deviation indicator (CDI), the active leg of your flight plan (as defined by the current “from” and “to” waypoints), and six user-selectable data fields. The default settings for these fields are distance to waypoint (DIS), desired track (DTK), bearing to waypoint (BRG), ground speed (GS), ground track...
Page 24: Map Page
TAKEOFF TOUR Map Page Map Page The map page displays your present position (using an airplane symbol) relative to nearby airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and airspace boundaries—and your route displayed as a solid line. Data fields for destination waypoint (WPT), distance to waypoint (DIS), desired track (DTK) and ground speed (GS) appear on the right hand side of the display. These fields are user-selectable to allow you to configure the unit to your own preferences.
Page 25: Navcom Page
NavCom Page From the default NAV page, simply turn the small right knob to display the map page and again to dis- play the NAVCOM page. The NAVCOM page displays the available frequencies (communications and naviga- tion) for the departure airport, any en route airports that are included in your flight plan, and the final destination airport.
Page 26: Direct-To Navigation
TAKEOFF TOUR Direct-To Navigation Direct-To Navigation The 400W-series unit can use direct point-to-point navigation to guide you from takeoff to touchdown, even in the IFR environment. Once a destination is selected, the unit will provide speed, course and distance data based upon a direct course from your present position to your destination.
Page 27: Ifr Procedures
IFR Procedures Once the direct-to or flight plan is confirmed, the whole range of instrument procedures is available to you. Departures (SIDs), arrivals (STARs), non-preci- sion and precision approaches are stored within the NavData card and available using the PROC (proce- dures) key. To display the procedures page, press PROC. The steps required to select and activate an approach, departure or arrival are identical.
Page 28: Nearest (Nrst) Pages
TAKEOFF TOUR Nearest Pages Nearest (NRST) Pages The NRST main page groups provides listings for nearest airports or other facilities. The NRST group provides detailed information on the 25 nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user-created waypoints within 200 NM of your current position. In addition, pages are also provided to display the five nearest center (ARTCC/FIR) and Flight Service Station (FSS) points of communication, plus alert you to any special-use or controlled airspace you may be in or...
Page 29: Nearest Airport
Nearest Airport You may examine both the communication frequencies and runway information directly from the nearest airport page. As discussed earlier for the NAVCOM page, you may also place any displayed frequency into the standby COM or VLOC field by highlighting the frequency with the cursor and press- ing ENT.
Page 30: Nearest Airspace Page
TAKEOFF TOUR Nearest Airspace Nearest Airspace Page The last page in the NRST group, the nearest airspace page, provides information for up to nine controlled or special-use airspaces near or in your flight path. Airspace information appears on this page based upon the same criteria used for airspace alert messages.
Page 31: Flight Plans
from the nearest airspace page. Flight Plans The 400W-series lets you create up to 20 flight plans, with up to 31 waypoints in each flight plan. Flight plans are created, edited and activated using the FPL key. The FPL page group includes two pages: the active flight plan page and the flight plan catalog.
Page 32 TAKEOFF TOUR Flight Plans identifier field. Repeat steps 4 and 5, above, until all waypoints for the flight plan have been entered. Once the flight plan is created, it may be activated from an options window. Activating the flight plan will place a copy into “flight plan 00”...
Page 33: Section 1 - Com - Communicating Using The Gnc 420W/Aw And
Section 1 - COM - Communicating Using the GNC 420W/AW and GNS 430W/AW Some models of the 400W-series feature a digitally- tuned VHF COM radio that provides a seamless transi- tion from communication to navigation. The GNC 420W and GNS 430W’ s COM radio operates in the aviation voice band, from 118.000 to 136.975 MHz, in 25 kHz steps (default).
Page 34: Com Window And Tuning
1 - COM Com Window and Tuning COM Window and Tuning Communication frequencies are selected with the tuning cursor in the standby COM frequency field, and using the small and large left knobs to dial in the desired frequency. The standby frequency always appears below the active frequency.
Page 35: Auto-Tuning
Cursor in VLOC window allows for VOR and ILS operations. See Section 8. Auto-Tuning The 400W-series auto-tune feature allows you to quickly select any database frequency in the GPS window as your standby frequency. Any COM fre- quency displayed in the GPS window can be trans- ferred to the standby COM frequency field, with a minimum of keystrokes required.
Page 36 1 - COM Auto-Tuning from Flight Plan/Database To select a COM frequency for a nearby flight ser- vice station (FSS) or center (ARTCC): Select the nearest center or flight service page from the NRST page group. Turn the large right knob until the NRST pages appear. Then, if necessary, turn the small right knob to display the desired NRST page.
Page 37: Emergency Channel
when finished. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired frequency. Press ENT to place the highlighted frequency in the standby COM window field. Emergency Channel The 420W/430W emergency channel select pro- vides a quick method of selecting 121.500 MHz as the active frequency in the event of an in-flight emergency.
Page 38: Remote Frequency Selection Control
1 - COM Remote Frequency Selection Remote Frequency Selection Control On units configured for remote Com frequency recall*, pressing the remote recall switch will load the next preset Com frequency into the unit’ s Standby fre- quency box and display a temporary pop-up window with the current Preset ID number—e.g., Preset 1 or Preset 12. The remote recall switch can be pressed multiple times to scroll the entire preset frequency list through the Standby frequency box (the list will “wrap”...
Page 39: Section 2 Nav
Section 2 NAV Pages Main Page Groups The 400W-series main pages are divided into groups: NAV, WPT, AUX and NRST. While view- ing any of these pages, selection of another page is a simple selection process using the small and large right knobs. 7+ available pages 10 available pages (see list below) (see Section 6) 4 available pages...
Page 40: Default Nav Page
Flight Plan Page location in NAV group or advisory NOTE: Approaching the FAF, the GNS 400W-series unit automatically rescales in an angular fashion. This allows the LPV approach to be flown identically to a standard ILS. At 2.0 NM from the FAF, CDI scal- ing is tightened from 1.0 to the angular full scale...
Page 41: Selecting Desired On-Screen Data
Selecting Desired On-Screen Data At the bottom of the default NAV page you’ll find six user-definable fields which display the data you’ll need as your flight progresses. By default these fields display: distance to destination (DIS), desired track (DTK), bearing to destination (BRG), ground speed (GS), ground track (TRK) and estimated time en route (ETE).
Page 42: Restoring Factory Settings
A “Crossfill?” option is provided from the Default NAV Page. This option allows you to transfer a direct- to destination, the active flight plan including VNAV parameters, any stored flight plan or user waypoints to a second 400W or 500W-series Garmin unit. See Section 9 - Aux Pages - Flight Planning - Crossfill Operation for additional details on using the “Crossfill?” option. NOTE: The databases of the 400/500 series and the 400W/500W are incompatible so you may not mix systems.
Page 43: Map Symbols
Map Symbols Various symbols are used to distinguish between waypoint types. The identifiers for any on-screen waypoints can also be displayed. (By default the iden- tifiers are enabled). Special-use and controlled airspace boundaries appear on the map, showing the individual sectors in the case of Class B or Class C airspace.
Page 44: Map Page Auto Zoom
2 - NAV PAGES Map Page Map Page Auto Zoom An autozoom feature is available which will auto- matically adjust from an en route range of 200 NM through each lower range, stopping at a range of 1.0 NM as you approach your destination waypoint. The autozoom feature is turned on/off from the map setup page.
Page 45: Map Panning
Map Panning Panning allows you to move the map beyond its current limits without adjusting the map range. When you select the panning function — by pressing the small right knob — a target pointer will flash on the map display. A window will also appear at the top of the map display showing the latitude/longitude posi- tion of the pointer, plus the bearing and distance to the pointer from your present position.
Page 46: Map Direct-To
2 - NAV PAGES Map Page Map Direct-To To designate an on-screen airport, navaid or user waypoint as your direct-to destination: Use the panning function (see previous page) to place the target pointer on a waypoint. Press direct-to key to display the select direct- to waypoint page, with the selected waypoint already listed.
Page 47: Map Page Options
Map Page Options Many of the 400W-series functions are menu driven. Each of the main pages has an options menu, allowing you to custom tailor the corresponding page to your preferences and/or select special features which specifically relate to that page. A map page options menu provides additional settings to customize the map page and additional features related specifi- cally to the map page.
Page 48 2 - NAV PAGES Map Page Options To change a map setup feature: On the Map page, press MENU to bring up the Page Menu. Then, turn the large right knob to highlight “Setup Map?” and press ENT. To change map orientation, turn the small right knob to select “Map”...
Page 49 For airspace boundaries, highways, roads, rail- road lines, wind vector, active flight plan course lines, and lat/long grid lines: turn the small right knob to select the appropriate “Group” name (per the chart on the previous page) and press ENT. Use the large right knob to highlight the zoom field for the desired feature and turn the small right knob to select the maximum scale at which the feature should...
Page 50: Data Fields On The Map
2 - NAV PAGES Map Page Options Data Fields on the Map The “Data Fields Off?” option provides a full-screen map display (shown bottom right), without the four data fields along the right-hand side of the screen. Select this option when you wish to display a larger map area.
Page 51: Restoring Factory Settings
TERRAIN uses terrain and obstacle information supplied by government sources. The data undergoes verification by Garmin to confirm accuracy of the content, per TSO-C151b. However, the displayed information should never be understood as being all-inclusive. 190-00356-00 Rev G...
Page 52: Terrain Alerting
2 - NAV PAGES Terrain Operation NOTE: The data contained in the TERRAIN databases comes from government agencies. Garmin accurately processes and cross-validates the data but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the data. TERRAIN Alerting TERRAIN uses information provided from the GPS receiver to provide a horizontal position and altitude.
Page 53: Inhibit Mode
ENT. Pressing the CLR key when the TERRAIN Page is displayed will also toggle aviation information on or off. Inhibit Mode The Garmin TERRAIN system provides an “inhibit mode”. This mode is designed to deactivate Premature Descent Alert/Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance (PDA/FLTA) visual alerts when they are deemed unnecessary by the pilot. Flying VFR into...
Page 54: Terrain Symbols
Terrain Page. Note that obstacle symbols are shown on display zoom ranges up to 10 NM: The Garmin TERRAIN system uses yellow (caution) and red (warning) to depict terrain information relative to aircraft altitude. Each color is associated with an alert severity level.
Page 55: General Database Information
TERRAIN Database Information Database Updates Terrain/Obstacle databases are updated periodi- cally with the latest terrain and obstacle data. Visit the Garmin website to check for newer versions of terrain/ obstacle databases. Compare database cycle numbers to determine if a newer version is available. The database update process includes either...
Page 56: Terrain/Obstacle Database Areas Of Coverage
Terrain Operation To update the terrain or obstacle database: Acquire a new terrain data card from Garmin. Turn off the power to the 400W Series unit. Remove the old terrain data card from and insert the new card into the right-most slot of the 400W Series unit.
Page 57: Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance
Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance The unit will issue terrain alerts not only when the aircraft altitude is below the terrain elevation but also when the aircraft is projected to come within minimum clearance values of the terrain. This alerting, called Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA), is also provided for obstacles.
Page 58: Premature Descent Alerting (Pda)
2 - NAV PAGES Terrain Alerts Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) The TERRAIN system issues a Premature Descent Alert (PDA) when the system detects that the aircraft is significantly below the normal approach path to a runway. PDA ends when the aircraft is either: • 0.5 NM from the runway threshold • is below an altitude of 125 feet AGL while within 1.0 NM of the threshold.
Page 59: Terrain Not Available" Alert
2 - NAV PAGES Terrain Alerts “TERRAIN Not Available” Alert The TERRAIN system requires a 3D GPS navigation solution along with specific vertical accuracy minimums. Should the navigation solution become degraded, or if the aircraft is out of the database coverage area, the annunciation “TERRAIN NOT AVAILABLE” is displayed on the TERRAIN Page. “TERRAIN NOT AVAILABLE”...
Page 60 2 - NAV PAGES Terrain Alerts Annunciation (FLASHING) (FLASHING) Pop-Up Alert None None TERRAIN has been inhibited None TERRAIN not available due to degraded navigation solution or the aircraft is outside of the database coverage area. Terrain FLTA advisory generated by predicted or present aircraft altitude being below minimum clearance values.
Page 61: Navcom Page
NAVCOM Page The NAVCOM (navigation communications) page provides a list of the airport communication and navigation frequencies at your departure, en route and arrival airports. The NAVCOM page makes selection of the frequencies you’ll need along your flight plan quick and convenient. If you do not have an active flight plan with a departure airport, the NAVCOM page will display the frequencies for the airport nearest your departure position.
Page 62: Position Page
2 - NAV PAGES Position Page Some listed frequencies may include designations for limited usage, as follows: “TX” - transmit only “RX” - receive only “PT” - part time frequency If a listed frequency has sector or altitude restric- tions, the frequency will be preceded by an “Info?” designation.
Page 63 NOTE: Do not rely solely on MSA as an absolute measure of safe altitude. Consult current charts and NOTAMs for your area. To change the user-selectable data fields: Press MENU to display the Position page options menu. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Change Fields?”...
Page 64: Restoring Factory Settings
2 - NAV PAGES Restoring Factory Settings Press the small right knob momentarily to remove the cursor from the page. If “WPT” is selected as the waypoint type, you can designate any airport, NAVAID or user waypoint as a reference waypoint. Press the small right knob, turn the large right knob to highlight the waypoint identifier field, then use the small and large right knobs to enter...
Page 65: Satellite Status Page
GPS receiver status field also displays the following messages under the appropriate conditions: • Searching Sky — The GPS receiver is searching the sky for ANY vis- ible satellites. You are also informed of this status with a “Searching the Sky” message.
Page 66: Vertical Navigation Page
2 - NAV PAGES Satellite Status Page • 3D Navigation — The GPS receiver is in 3D navigation mode and computes altitude using satellite data. • 3D Differential Navigation— The GPS receiver is in 3D navigation mode and differential corrections are being used. The Satellite Status Page also indicates the accu- racy of the position fix, using Horizontal Figure of Merit (HFOM), Vertical Figure of Merit (VFOM), and Estimated Position Uncertainty (EPU).
Page 67 To create a vertical navigation profile: Press the small right knob to activate the cursor. Turn the large right knob to highlight the target altitude field. Turn the small and large right knobs to select the target altitude and press ENT. Turn the small right knob to select “Above Wpt”...
Page 68 2 - NAV PAGES Vertical Navigation - VNAV With the profile set, the vertical speed required (VSR) is displayed on the vertical navigation page. Expect the following to occur when using the vertical navigation feature: • A t one minute prior to reaching the initial descent point, a message “Approaching VNAV Profile” occurs. The descent angle will also lock to pre- vent changes in speed from altering the profile.
Page 69: Dead Reckoning
Dead Reckoning Dead reckoning is the process of continuing navi- gation using your last known position and speed after a loss of GPS navigation while on an active flight plan. CAUTION: Navigation using dead reckoning is therefore only an estimate and should not be used as the sole means of navigation. Use other means of navigation, if possible.
Page 70 2 - NAV PAGES Blank Page 190-00356-00 Rev G...
Page 71: Section 3 Direct-To Navigation
Section 3 Direct-To Navigation The direct-to function provides a quick method of setting a course to a waypoint. Once a direct-to is acti- vated, the unit will establish a point-to-point course line (geodesic path) from your present position to the selected direct-to waypoint. The unit will provide navigation guidance to the selected direct-to waypoint until the direct-to is manually cancelled or replaced by a new active leg or direct-to.
Page 72: Selecting A Direct-To Waypoint By Facility Name Or City
3 - DIRECT-TO Selecting a Waypoint Selecting a Direct-To Waypoint by Facility Name or City In addition to selecting a direct-to waypoint by identifier, the select direct-to waypoint page also allows you to select airports, VORs and NDBs by facility name or city location. If duplicate entries exist for the entered facility name or city, additional entries may be viewed by continuing to turn the small right knob during the selection process.
Page 73: Selecting A Direct-To Waypoint From The Active Flight Plan
Selecting a Direct-To Waypoint from the Ac- tive Flight Plan If you’re navigating an active flight plan, any way- point contained in the flight plan may be selected as a direct-to waypoint from the select direct-to waypoint page. (see Section 4 - Flight Plans, for more information on flight plans.) To select a direct-to waypoint from the active flight plan:...
Page 74: Shortcuts
3 - DIRECT-TO Direct-to Shortcuts Shortcuts Shortcuts are available when using the direct-to key, allowing you to bypass the use of the small and large right knobs to enter the waypoint’ s identifier. A direct-to can be performed from any page displaying a single waypoint identifier (such as the WPT pages for airports and navaids) by simply pressing direct-to and ENT.
Page 75: Cancelling Direct-To Navigation
Cancelling Direct-To Navigation Once a direct-to is activated, the unit will provide navigation guidance to the selected waypoint until the direct-to is manually cancelled or replaced by a new active leg or direct-to. To cancel a direct-to: Press the direct-to key to display the select direct-to waypoint page.
Page 76: Selecting Direct-To A Holding Pattern
3 - DIRECT-TO Selecting Direct-To a Holding Pattern You may select a Direct-To course to a holding pat- tern that is in your flight plan. To set a direct-to course to a holding pattern: Press the FPL key to reach the active flight plan page. Press the small right knob to activate the cursor.
Page 77: Section 4 Flight Plans
Section 4 Flight Plans The 400W-series lets you create up to 20 differ- ent flight plans, with up to 31 waypoints in each flight plan. The flight plan page group consists of two pages, accessed by pressing the FPL key. The Active Flight Plan page shows the legs and details in the active flight plan.
Page 78: Flight Plan Catalog Options
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Flight Plan Catalog With “Yes” highlighted, press ENT to remove the waypoint. Once all changes have been made, press the small right knob to return to the flight plan catalog. A one-line user comment may be added to any flight plan, which will be displayed on the flight plan catalog, next to the flight plan’...
Page 79: Inverting Flight Plans
Inverting Flight Plans Invert FPL? allows you to reverse the highlighted flight plan and select it for navigation guidance. After travelling along a flight plan, you may wish to reverse the route for navigation guidance back to your original departure point. To activate an existing flight plan in reverse order: From the flight plan catalog, press the small right knob to activate the cursor.
Page 80: Crossfill
Crossfill? allows you to transfer a direct-to desti- nation, the active flight plan including VNAV param- eters, any stored flight plan or user waypoints to a second 400W-Series or 500W-Series Garmin unit. See Section 9 - Aux Pages - Flight Planning - Crossfill Operation for additional details on using the “Crossfill?”...
Page 81: Deleting All Flight Plans
Turn the large right knob to highlight “Delete Flight Plan?” and press ENT. With “Yes?” highlighted, press ENT to delete the flight plan. Deleting All Flight Plans Delete All Flight Plans? allows you to remove all flight plans from memory. To delete all flight plans: Select the “Delete All Flight Plans?”...
Page 82: Active Flight Plan Page
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Flight Plan Catalog Options Active Flight Plan Page The active flight plan page provides information and editing functions for “flight plan 00”— the flight plan currently in use for navigation. Once you have activated a flight plan, the active flight plan page will show each waypoint for the flight plan, along with the desired track (DTK) and distance (DIS) for each leg.
Page 83: Crossfill
Crossfill Crossfill? allows you to transfer the active flight plan, including VNAV parameters, between two 400W- or 500W-series Garmin units in a dual unit installation. See the description on a previous page in the Flight Plan section. See Section 9 - Aux Pages - Flight Planning - Crossfill Operation for additional details on using the “Crossfill?”...
Page 84: Select Arrival
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Active Flight Plan Options A window will appear listing the available approaches for your destination airport. Turn the small right knob to highlight the desired approach and press ENT. A second window will appear listing available transitions for the approach.
Page 85: Select Departure
A second window will appear listing available runways for the transition. Turn the small right knob to highlight the desired runway and press ENT. With “Load?” highlighted, press ENT. Select Departure Select Departure? allows you to select a pub- lished standard instrument departure (SID) for the departure airport, or replace the current departure with a new selection.
Page 86: Parallel Track
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Active Flight Plan Options To determine the closest point, along the active flight plan, to a selected waypoint: Select the “Closest Point of FPL?” option from the active flight plan page options and press ENT. A window will appear with the reference waypoint field highlighted.
Page 87: Change Fields
To set a parallel track to your flight plan. With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed, press MENU to display the Active Flight Plan Page Options window. Select “Parallel Track?” to set a parallel track to your current flight plan. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Parallel Track?”...
Page 88: Shortcuts
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Active Flight Plan Shortcuts Shortcuts A number of shortcuts are available to save time when using the active flight plan page. These shortcuts speed the process of removing approaches, departures, and arrivals, and aid in selecting a specific flight plan leg for navigation guidance.
Page 89 Press direct-to twice to display an “Activate Leg” confirmation window. With “Activate?” highlighted, press ENT. When using instrument procedures, this feature can be used not only to activate a specific point-to- point leg, but to also activate the procedure turn portion of an approach, follow a DME arc or activate a holding pattern.
Page 90: Flight Plan Transfer Feature (Optional With Software V 3.20 Or Later)
V 3.20 or later) The Flight Plan Card feature is available for trans- ferring flight plans to the unit via a Garmin proprietary data card. The flight plans may be created on a PC using flight planning software that is compatible with Garmin equipment (Jeppesen FliteStar is an example).
Page 91 Once all flight plans have been loaded, power off the unit. Remove the Flight Plan Card from the right card slot and place the Terrain Card back into the empty card slot. NOTE: The Flight Plan Card is only to be used on the ground.
Page 92 4 - FLIGHT PLANS Blank Page 190-00356-00 Rev G...
Page 93: Section 5 - Procedures - Approaches, Departures, & Arrivals
Section 5 - Procedures - Approaches, Departures, & Arrivals The 400W-series unit allows you to fly non-preci- sion and precision approaches to airports with pub- lished instrument approach procedures. All available approaches are stored on your Jeppesen NavData and are automatically updated when you replace the card with a new one.
Page 94 “ tion to the right of the procedure name indicates the procedure can be flown using the GPS receiver. Some procedures will not have this designation, meaning the GPS receiver may be used for supplemental navigation guidance only. ILS...
Page 95: Basic Approach Operations
Basic Approach Operations The 400W series provides precision vertical guid- ance and non-precision advisory guidance using its built in GPS receiver. The moving map pages can also be used as a supplemental aid to situational awareness for ILS, VOR, and NDB approaches (and non-preci- sion localizer-based approaches), but the appropriate navigational aid MUST be used for primary approach course guidance.
Page 96: Approaches With Procedure Turns
5 - PROCEDURES Procedure Turn Approach Approach operations on the 400W-series will typi- cally begin with the same basic steps: Select Destination “Select” and “Load” the approach “Activate” the approach DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION Select the destination airport using the direct- to key, or as the last waypoint in the active flight plan.
Page 97: Flying The Procedure Turn
Once you are cleared for the approach, press the PROC key, select “Activate Approach?” and press ENT. Lynchburg (VA) Regional VOR or GPS Rwy 04  [RW04] DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION Flying the Procedure Turn Within 31 NM of the destination airport, the 400W-series will switch from “en route”...
Page 98 5 - PROCEDURES Procedure Turn Approach As you approach the IAF (LYH), a waypoint alert (“LT TO 205° x S”) will appear in the lower right corner of the screen. As the distance (DIS) to the IAF approaches zero, the alert is replaced by a turn advisory (“LT TO 205°...
Page 99 After approximately one minute, make a 180° right turn to a heading of 340° to intercept the inbound course. The unit will sequence to the inbound leg to the FAF, the CDI needle will swing to the opposite side to provide proper sensing along the final course segment and “DTK 025°...
Page 100: Flying The Missed Approach
5 - PROCEDURES Missed Approach pended at the MAP. A “from” indication will be displayed on the CDI and default NAV page, but course guidance along the final approach course will continue. If a missed approach is required, use the OBS key to initiate the missed approach sequence.
Page 101: Flying An Approach With A Hold
As you fly the holding pattern, a timer appears on the default NAV page. The timer automati- cally resets on the outbound side of the hold when you are abeam the hold waypoint. The timer again resets as you turn inbound (within approximately 30°...
Page 102 5 - PROCEDURES Approach with Hold From the transitions window, select BODRY intersection as the IAF. Also, select “Activate?” to load and activate the approach. Once you activate the approach, the active flight plan page will appear. You may review the approach sequence by pressing the small right knob and turning the large right knob.
Page 103 NOTE: If you need to lose extra altitude or speed by going around the holding pattern again, press OBS to manually suspend waypoint sequencing BEFORE crossing the holding waypoint the second time. If you’ve already passed this waypoint, re- activate the holding pattern. 11.
Page 104: Flying A Dme Arc Approach
5 - PROCEDURES DME Arc Approach 15. As you approach the MAP, a waypoint alert (“ARRIVING WPT”) will appear in the lower right corner. CDI scaling continues to tighten from 0.3 NM to 350 feet, full-scale deflection. 16. As you cross the MAP, “SUSP” will appear above the OBS key, indicating that automatic sequencing of approach waypoints will be sus- pended at the MAP.
Page 105 Press the PROC key and select the “VOR 22” approach. From the transitions window, select “LEBVY” as the IAF. Also, select “Load?” (or “Activate?”, if already cleared direct to the IAF for the approach). Within 31 NM of KTOP, the 400W-series unit will switch from en route mode to terminal mode and the CDI scale will transition from 2.0 to 1.0 NM, full scale deflection.
Page 106 5 - PROCEDURES DME Arc Approach Follow the arc, keeping the CDI needle cen- tered. When using an autopilot, the course select on the CDI (or HSI) must be periodically updated with the desired track (DTK) to ensure proper tracking through the arc. Whenever the course select setting and desired track differ by more than 10°, a “Set course to ###°”...
Page 107: Vectors To Final
10. As you cross the FAF, the destination sequences to the MAP (“RW22”, the runway threshold). With the needle centered, fly toward the MAP, observing the altitude minimums dictated by the approach plate. When viewing the map page, you’ll note that the final course segment is displayed in magenta (the active leg of the flight plan always appears in magenta) and a dashed line extends the course beyond the...
Page 108: Flying The Vectors Approach
5 - PROCEDURES Vectors-To-Final Approach Select “Load?” (or “Activate?”, if already on vectors-to-final). To activate vectors-to-final from the procedures page: Select Billard Municipal (KTOP) as your desti- nation, using the direct-to key or as the last waypoint in a flight plan. Press the PROC key and select the “VOR 22”...
Page 109 The unit suspends automatic waypoint sequencing in this case, because VTF was activated while on the “From” side of the Final Approach Fix. ATC instructs you to turn left to a heading of 025°. This places you parallel to the final approach course in the opposite direction.
Page 110: Course From Fix Flight Plan Legs
5 - PROCEDURES Course-From-Fix Legs As you cross the FAF, the destination sequences to the MAP (“RW22”). With the needle cen- tered, fly toward the MAP, observing the alti- tude minimums dictated by the approach plate. On-screen CDI scaling continues to tighten to 350 feet, full-scale deflection.
Page 111 active flight plan and default NAV pages. Note the magenta line in the bottom figure, which represents the currently active leg of the approach. The distance (DIS) displayed on the above screens is TO the “D13.0” point. The flight plan will automatically sequence to the next leg upon reaching “D13.0”.
Page 112 5 - PROCEDURES Course-From-Fix Legs on your approach plate, for proper climb and heading instructions. Note that within a few seconds of pressing OBS to release suspend mode and start the approach sequence, “SUSP” re-appears above the OBS key as the 400W-series unit returns to suspend mode.
Page 113 As you approach PMD VOR (the missed approach holding point), an alert message in the lower right hand corner of the screen will recommend the holding pattern entry procedure (“HOLD PARALLEL”). As you fly the holding pattern, a timer appears on the default NAV page.
Page 114: Ils Approaches
ILS Approaches Precision approaches can be performed with the GNS 430W’ s built-in VLOC (VOR/localizer/glideslope) receivers. The GPS receiver can be used for guidance prior to reaching the final approach fix, but once there, the proper frequency must be selected on the VLOC window (left side of screen) and the CDI output set to “VLOC”.
Page 115: Selecting An Ils Approach
The automatic switch from GPS to VLOC is not immediate, but instead occurs gradually to prevent abrupt CDI changes when coupled to an autopilot. The CDI selection can also be changed manually by pressing the CDI key. Once the switch from GPS to VLOC has occurred, either automatically or manu- ally, it will not automatically switch again until the approach is reactivated or another approach is selected. To prevent automatic ILS CDI selection, choose the “Manual” ILS CDI setting. (The factory default setting is “Auto”, which enables the automatic switch to VLOC.) 430W Only Selecting an ILS Approach...
Page 116: Flying The Ils Approach
5 - PROCEDURES ILS Approach Flagstaff (AZ) Pulliam ILS DME Rwy 21   A reminder message appears, indicating that GPS can only be used for approach monitor- ing. As mentioned, you will need to use the VLOC receiver for this approach. Press ENT to acknowledge the message.
Page 117 If you haven’t already done so, press the VLOC flip-flop key to activate the ILS frequency. If you forget this step, the GNS 430W will display a reminder message (within 2 NM of the FAF) to activate the ILS frequency. DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION ...
Page 118 NAVIGATION NOTE: From this point on, primary navigation is provided by the VLOC receiver. You may continue to use the GPS receiver for supplemental naviga- tion guidance only. If automatic CDI switching is disabled (“Manual” selected), the reminder mes- sage “Select VLOC on CDI for approach” appears at 2.0 NM prior to the FAF.
Page 119: Selecting An Lpv Approach
NOTE: In addition to using the OBS key to initiate the missed approach sequence, you may wish to press the CDI key to manually switch external CDI output to the GPS receiver. “GPS” will be indicated above the CDI key. Selecting an LPV Approach For this example, we’ll use a flight from Eugene...
Page 120: Flying The Lpv Approach
5 - PROCEDURES LPV Approach After the approach is loaded into the flight plan, you can view the approach waypoints. Press the PROC key to display the Procedures page. With “Activate?” highlighted press ENT to activate the approach. Flying the LPV Approach Within 31 NM of KSLE, the 400W Series unit switches from en route mode to terminal mode and the CDI scale transitions from 2.0 to 1.0 NM, full scale deflec-...
Page 121 of the flight plan always appears in magenta). As you approach the MAP, a waypoint message (“DTK 312° x S”) appears on the bottom of the screen. 10. Once the unit crosses the MAP (defined as the runway end waypoint), sequencing will be suspended. Prepare the aircraft for missed approach operation.
Page 122: Flying The Lp Approach
5 - PROCEDURES Flying the LP Approach Flying the LP Approach LP approach capability is available for units with SW Version 3.30, or later. An LP approach is flown the same as an LPV approach, except that vertical guidance is not provided. Angular scaling is similar to a localizer approach. Most LP approaches have step down altitudes associated with them.
Page 123: Rnav Approach Procedures
RNAV Approach Procedures The GNS 400W Series allows for flying LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, LNAV + V, LP, and LPV approaches according to the published chart. Annunciation L/VNAV Lateral Navigation/Vertical Navigation. RNAV non-precision approach with advisory vertical guidance. LNAV Lateral Navigation. RNAV non-precision approach. LNAV + V Lateral Navigation with Advisory Vertical Guidance. RNAV non-precision LNAV approach with advisory vertical guidance. The glidepath is typically denoted by a light dashed line on the vertical profile (Jeppeson only) with an associated glidepath angle (usually in the 3.00 degree range) and is provided to assist the pilot in maintaining a constant vertical glidepath, similar to an ILS glideslope.
Page 124: Points To Remember For Localizer Or Vor-Based Approaches
Points to Remember for Localizer or VOR- based Approaches • The default factory setting allows the CDI output to automatically switch from the GPS receiver to the LOC receiver. This may be changed to manual in some installations. If the “ILS CDI Selection” set- ting is changed to “Manual”, you must determine when to select “GPS” or “VLOC” guidance during...
Page 125: Enabling Autopilot Outputs For The King Kap140/Kfc225
• When flying a localizer-based approach with auto- matic CDI switching disabled: You may select “VLOC” guidance at any point on the approach prior to reaching the FAF. The localizer frequency must be active to use “VLOC” guidance. Enabling Autopilot Outputs for the King KAP140/KFC225 Autopilot outputs for the King KAP140/KFC225 autopilots are activated manually by the pilot after being prompted during the approach procedure.
Page 126 5 - PROCEDURES Blank Page 190-00356-00 Rev G...
Page 127: Wpt Pages
Section 6 WPT Pages WPT Page Group The Waypoint (WPT) page group provides infor- mation about the thousands of airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, runways, frequencies, and procedures stored on your Jeppesen NavData card. A WPT page ® is also provided to display information for up to 1,000 user-created waypoints. 7+ available pages 10 available pages (see Section 2) (see list below)
Page 128: Section 6 Wpt
6 - WPT PAGES Identifier, Facility, Location or City The WPT page group includes ten pages. While viewing any WPT page, turn the small right knob to select a different WPT page. The first six pages provide detailed information for the selected airport: location, runways, frequencies, approaches, arrivals, and departures.
Page 129: Duplicate Waypoints
Duplicate Waypoints Once the identifier, facility name or location is entered, all six airport pages will display informa- tion for the selected airport. As you enter an iden- tifier, facility name or location, the 400W-series Spell’N’Find™ feature will scroll through the database, displaying those waypoints matching the characters you have entered to that point.
Page 130: Airport Location Page
6 - WPT PAGES Airport Location Airport Location Page The airport location page displays the latitude, lon- gitude, and elevation of the selected airport. The air- port location page also displays facility name and loca- tion, as well as fuel availability, available approaches, radar coverage and airspace type.
Page 131: Airport Runway Page
Airport Runway Page The airport runway page displays runway designa- tions, length, surface type and lighting for the selected airport. A map image of the runway layout and sur- rounding area is also displayed on the airport runway page. The map image scale appears in the lower left corner and is adjustable using the RNG key.
Page 132: Airport Frequency Page
6 - WPT PAGES Airport Frequencies The following descriptions and abbreviations are used on the airport runway page: Frequency Airport Identifier, Symbol and Type Frequency Type Usage Restrictions Information Third Page in WPT group • T ype— U sage type: Public, Military, Heli- port, or Private • Surface— R unway surface types include: Hard, Turf, Sealed, Gravel, Dirt, Soft, Unknown or Water...
Page 133 To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob. Some listed frequencies may include designations for limited usage, as follows: “TX” - transmit only “RX” - receive only “PT” - part time frequency If a listed frequency has sector or altitude restric- tions, the frequency will be preceded by an “Info?” designation.
Page 134: Airport Approach Page
6 - WPT PAGES Airport Approaches Airport Frequency Page Options Select Next FPL Apt? As described earlier in this section. Select Destination Apt? As described earlier in this section. Airport Approach Page WAAS Identifier, Symbol Approach approach and Type Procedure Name Fourth Page in Map Image WPT Group...
Page 135 “ ” designation to the right of the procedure name indicates the procedure can be flown us- ing the GPS receiver. Some procedures will not have this designation, meaning the GPS receiver may be used for supplemental navigation guid- ance only.
Page 136: Airport Arrival Page
6 - WPT PAGES Airport Arrivals After selecting the Approach Channel, the WAAS approach ID will be shown in the top left corner of the map display. To select an approach channel from the Airport Approach Page: Press MENU to display the Airport Approach Page Options.
Page 137: Airport Departure Page
Press ENT. The cursor moves to the transitions (TRANS) field. Turn the small right knob to display a window of available transitions. Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired transi- tion. Press ENT. The cursor moves to the runway field.
Page 138 6 - WPT PAGES Airport Departure Page Turn the large right knob to place the cursor on the departure (DEP) procedure name field. Turn the small right knob to display a window of available departures for the selected airport. Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired departure.
Page 139: Intersection Page
Intersection Page The intersection page displays the latitude, longi- tude, region and country for the selected intersection. The intersection page also displays the identifier, radial and distance from the nearest VOR, VORTAC or VOR/ DME. Intersections may only be selected by identifier. There are no Intersection page options. Nearest VOR and Symbol Intersection Identifier and Symbol Region/Country Latitude/Longitude Position...
Page 140: Vor Page
6 - WPT PAGES VORs VOR Page The VOR page displays the facility name, city, region/country, magnetic variation, latitude and longi- tude for the selected VOR. The VOR page also displays the frequency and a weather broadcast indication (if applicable). There are no VOR page options. VOR Identifier and Symbol Facility Name, City, and Region/ Country Latitude/Longitude...
Page 141: User Waypoint Page
User Waypoint Page In addition to the airport, VOR, NDB and intersec- tion information contained in your Jeppesen NavData card, the 400W-series units allow you to store up to 1,000 user-defined waypoints. The user waypoint page displays the waypoint name (up to five charac- ters long), identifier and radial from two reference waypoints, distance from one reference waypoint, along with the user waypoint’...
Page 142 6 - WPT PAGES Creating User Waypoints Press ENT to accept the selected position. The cursor moves to “Create?”. Press ENT to add the new waypoint to memory. Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor. To create a new user waypoint by referencing an existing waypoint: With the user waypoint page displayed, press the small right knob to activate the cursor.
Page 143: Creating User Waypoints From The Map Page
waypoints which are generated from other equipment in your panel. For example, an EFIS equipped with joystick inputs can be used to create user waypoints which will (if your installa- tion supports this) automatically transfer to your 400W-series unit. Creating User Waypoints from the Map Page The map page and panning target pointer provide a quick means of saving your present position as a user- defined waypoint.
Page 144: User Waypoint Page Options
6 - WPT PAGES Modifying User Waypoints Turn the large right knob to highlight the first reference waypoint (REF WPT) field, if you wish to change the reference waypoint. Otherwise, continue turning the large right knob to highlight the radial (RAD) or distance (DIS) field, as desired.
Page 145: User Waypoint List
The top of the user waypoint list will indicate the total number of user waypoints currently used and available memory. If more user waypoints are stored than can be displayed on a single screen, turn the large right knob to scroll through the user waypoint list. Press the small right knob to return to the user waypoint page.
Page 146 6 - WPT PAGES User Waypoint Page Options To rename a user waypoint from the user waypoint list: Select the user waypoint list. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired user waypoint. Use the small and large right knobs to change the name of the user waypoint.
Page 147: Nrst Pages
Section 7 NRST Pages NRST Page Group Section 2 introduced the 400W-series main page groups—NAV, WPT, AUX, NRST—and described each page in the NAV group. This fourth page group (NRST) provides detailed information for the 25 nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints within 200 NM of your current position. In addition, the NRST pages include the five nearest Flight Service Station (FSS) and center (ARTCC/FIR) points of communication, plus alerts you to any Special Use (SUA) or Controlled Airspace you may be...
Page 148: Section 7 Nrst
7 - NRST PAGES NRST Pages / Scrolling Not all 25 nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, inter- sections or user waypoints can be displayed on the corresponding NRST page at one time. The nearest airport page displays detailed information for three nearest airports, with a scroll bar along the right-hand side of the page indicating which part of the list is cur- rently being viewed.
Page 149: Navigating To A Nearby Waypoint
Navigating to a Nearby Waypoint The NRST pages can be used in conjunction with the direct-to function to quickly set a course to a nearby facility. This feature can be a real time saver compared to retrieving information from the database using the WPT pages.
Page 150 7 - NRST PAGES Nearest Airports To quickly tune the common traffic advisory frequency (CTAF) from the nearest airport page: Select the nearest airport page. Press the small right knob to activate the cursor. Turn the large right knob to scroll through the list, highlighting the COM frequency associated with the desired airport.
Page 151: Nearest Intersection Page
To return to the nearest airport page, verify that “Done?” is highlighted by the flashing cursor and press ENT (or press CLR). Nearest Intersection Page The nearest intersection page displays the identifier, symbol, bearing and distance to the 25 nearest inter- sections (within 200 NM of your present position).
Page 152: Nearest User Waypoint Page
7 - NRST PAGES Nearest ARTCC Press ENT to place the selected frequency in the standby field of the VLOC window. Press the VLOC flip-flop key to activate the selected frequency. Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor. To view additional information for a nearby VOR: Select the nearest VOR page.
Page 153: Nearest Flight Service Station (Fss) Page
To quickly tune an ARTCC’s frequency from the nearest center page: Select the nearest center page. Press the small right knob to activate the cursor. Turn the small right knob to scroll through the list, selecting the desired ARTCC. Turn the large right knob to scroll down the page, highlighting the desired frequency.
Page 154: Nearest Airspace Page
7 - NRST PAGES Nearest Airspaces To quickly tune an FSS’s frequency from the near- est flight service station page: Select the nearest flight service station page and press the small right knob to activate the cursor. Turn the small right knob to scroll through the list, selecting the desired FSS.
Page 155 Note that the airspace alerts are based on three- dimensional data (latitude, longitude and altitude) to avoid nuisance alerts. The alert boundaries for con- trolled airspace are also sectorized to provide complete information on any nearby airspace. Once one of the described conditions exists, the message annunciator will flash, alerting you of an airspace message.
Page 156 7 - NRST PAGES Nearest Airspaces Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor. To view and quickly tune the frequency for a controlling agency: Airspace Name Status and and Type Floor/Ceiling Limits Time to Entry Follow steps #1 through #4 on the previous page to display the airspace page for the desired controlled or special use airspace.
Page 157 • 5000 ft msl (5000 feet mean sea level) • 5000 ft agl (5000 feet above ground level) • MSL (at mean sea level) • NOTAM (see Notice to Airmen) * • Unknown * • U nlimited * • See Chart * • S urface * * Not shown in this example All airspace alert messages, except for prohibited areas, may be turned on or off from the airspace alarms page. An altitude buffer is also provided on the airspace alarms page to provide an extra margin of safety above/ below the published limits.
Page 158 7 - NRST PAGES Nearest Airspaces Blank Page 190-00356-00 Rev G...
Page 159: Section 8 Vloc (Vor/Localizer/Glideslope) Receiver Operations
Section 8 VLOC (VOR/Localizer/Glideslope) Receiver Operations The GNS 430W includes digitally- tuned VOR/localizer and glideslope receiv- ers with the desired frequency selected on a VLOC window, along the left-hand side of the display. Frequency selection is performed by pressing the small left knob and turning the small and large left knobs to select the desired frequency.
Page 160 8 - VLOC RECEIVER Auto-Tuning To select a VOR/localizer/ILS frequency: If the tuning cursor is not currently in the VLOC window, press the small left knob momen- tarily. Turn the large left knob to select the desired megahertz (MHz) value. For example, the “117”...
Page 161 Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor. NOTE: For duplex COM operations, the VLOC re- ceiver may be auto-tuned from the nearest flight service station page. When selecting a VOR or ILS approach, manual tuning of the VLOC receiver is not required. Once the approach procedure is “Loaded” or “Acti- vated”, the GNS 430W will automatically place the proper frequency in the standby field of the VLOC window. If you wish to use this frequency, simply press the VLOC flip-flop key to activate...
Page 162: Cdi Key
CDI Key The GNS 430W’ s CDI key is used to couple the GPS or VLOC receiver to the external CDI (or HSI). When the external CDI (or HSI) is being driven by the GPS receiver, “GPS” will appear at the bottom left corner of the page, directly above the CDI key. When the external CDI (or HSI) is being driven by the VLOC receiver, “VLOC” will appear instead. To couple the external CDI (or HSI) to the GPS receiver or VLOC receiver, press the CDI key to display “GPS”...
Page 163: Section 9 Aux
Section 9 AUX Pages AUX Page Group Section 2 introduced the 400W-series main page groups—NAV, WPT, AUX, NRST—and described each page in the NAV group. The third page group (AUX) allows you to change unit settings, customizing opera- tion to your preferences. The AUX pages also provide E6B functions—such as trip planning, fuel planning, density altitude, true airspeed and winds aloft calcula- tions.
Page 164: Flight Planning Page
9 - AUX PAGES Flight Planning Flight Planning Page The flight planning page provides access to E6B functions for fuel planning, trip planning, density altitude/true airspeed/winds aloft calculations and a “Crossfill” function to transfer flight plans/user waypoints to a second 400W-series unit. When a flight planning item is selected, the corresponding page will appear providing additional information and features.
Page 165: Fuel Planning
Crossfill— allows the pilot to transfer the active flight plan, including VNAV parameters any stored flight plan, a user waypoint or all user waypoints between two 400W-Series Garmin units in a dual- unit installation. Scheduler— displays reminder messages (such as “Change oil”, “Switch fuel tanks”, “Overhaul”, etc.).
Page 166 9 - AUX PAGES Flight Planning 3b. For flight plan fuel planning, turn the small right knob to select the desired flight plan by number (already stored in memory. “00” is the active flight plan). Turn the large right knob to highlight the “LEG”...
Page 167: Trip Planning
NOTE: Fuel planning figures can be entered and displayed based upon one of three possible configurations: 1) No fuel sensors connected—In this instance fuel flow is manually entered and is used to calculate fuel on board. When fuel flow or fuel on board is manually entered, the figures are retained the next time you view the page (with fuel on board continuously recalculated).
Page 168: Density Alt / Tas / Winds
9 - AUX PAGES Flight Planning Turn the large right knob to highlight the departure time (DEP TIME) field. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the departure time. Press ENT when finished. (Departure time may be entered in local or UTC time, depending upon unit settings.) The flashing cursor moves to the ground speed (GS) field.
Page 169: Crossfill Operation
400W-Series (or 500W-Series) Garmin units in a dual-unit installation. There is only one Crossfill function page. It may be accessed pressing the MENU key and selecting Crossfill while viewing...
Page 170 • Active Flight Plan—transfers the active flight plan, including VNAV parameters, to/from a second 400W-Series (or 500W-Series) Garmin unit in a dual unit installation. This option is the default when selecting “Crossfill” from the default Nav Page. Active Flight Plan informa- tion is automatically transferred between units when the “Auto”...
Page 171: Scheduler
knobs to enter the identifier of the desired user waypoint. Press ENT when finished. The flashing cursor moves to the “CROSS-SIDE” field. Turn the small right knob to select “To” or “From” and press ENT. The flashing cursor moves to the “Initiate Transfer?”...
Page 172: Utility Page
9 - AUX PAGES Flight Planning To edit the time field, turn the large right knob to highlight the field. Use the small and large right knobs to edit the new date or time—entering the new value directly over the old figure. Press ENT when finished. To delete a scheduled message: Select “Scheduler”...
Page 173 (RAIM) tests. When this occurs, the GPS receiver will continue to provide navigation information, but should not be used for primary navigation guidance. Use the GNS 430W’s VLOC receiver or another suitable navigation source.
Page 174: Checklists
9 - AUX PAGES Utility Page Checklists To create a checklist: Select “Checklist” from the utility page. Press ENT to display a list of checklists. Press MENU to display an options menu. Turn the large right knob to select “Create New Checklist?”...
Page 175: Flight Timers
To insert a checklist step into an existing check- list: With the checklists page displayed, turn the large right knob to select the desired checklist and press ENT. Turn the large right knob to highlight the existing checklist entry which will immediately follow the new checklist step.
Page 176: Trip Statistics
9 - AUX PAGES Utility Page To record or reset the departure time: Select “Flight Timers” from the utility page. Turn the large right knob to highlight the reset mode field, under “Departure Time”. (The reset mode field will indicate “Pwr-on” or “GS>30kt”.) Turn the small right knob to select the desired reset mode.
Page 177: Raim Prediction
• Reset Odometer?— Resets odometer readout only • Reset All?— Resets all trip statistics readouts Turn the large right knob to select the desired reset option and press ENT. RAIM Prediction To predict RAIM availability: Select “RAIM Prediction” from the utility page. The flashing cursor highlights the waypoint field.
Page 178: Sunrise / Sunset
9 - AUX PAGES Utility Page Sunrise / Sunset To calculate sunrise and sunset times at any waypoint or your present position: Select “Sunrise / Sunset” from the utility page. The flashing cursor highlights the waypoint field. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the identifier of the waypoint at which you wish to determine sunrise and sunset times.
Page 179: Setup 1 Page
Setup 1 Page The Setup 1 page provides access to airspace alarms, CDI scale adjustment, an arrival alarm, units of measure settings, position formats, map datums and settings for local or UTC time display. When a setup item is selected, the corresponding page will appear providing access to the various unit settings. To select, highlight Third Page with cursor and press...
Page 180 9 - AUX PAGES Setup 1 more than 500 feet above or below an airspace, you will not be notified with an alert message; if you are less than 500 feet above or below an airspace and projected to enter it, you will be notified with an alert message.
Page 181: Airspace Alarms
User. If “Magnetic” is selected, all track, course and heading information is corrected to the mag- netic variation computed by the GPS receiver. The “True” setting references all information to true north. The “User” selection allows the pilot to enter values between 0º...
Page 182: Cdi Scale / Alarms
9 - AUX PAGES Setup 1 NOTE: When an approach has been loaded into the active flight plan, airspace alert messages will be disabled within 30 NM of the destination airport. CDI Scale / Alarms To change the CDI scale: Select “CDI / Alarms”...
Page 183: Units / Mag Var
Units / Mag Var To set the magnetic variation: Select “Units / Mag Var” from the Setup 1 page. The flashing cursor highlights the heading mode field. Turn the small right knob to select the desired heading mode: Magnetic, True, or User.
Page 184: Position Format
9 - AUX PAGES Setup 1 Position Format To change the position format: Select “Position Format / Map Datum” from the Setup 1 page. The flashing cursor is on the position format field. Turn the small right knob to select the desired position format.
Page 185: Restoring Factory Settings
the United States, all local time offsets will use be minus, or behind UTC.) Press ENT to accept the selected offset. Restoring Factory Settings When making changes to any setup 1 page option, a “Restore Defaults?” menu selection allows you to restore the original factory settings (for the selected item only).
Page 186 9 - AUX PAGES Setup 2 The following setup items are available: Display— allows you to adjust the display for optimum viewing in any condition. Automatic back- lighting is available which uses a built-in photocell (at the top left corner of the display bezel) to make the proper display adjustments without any user intervention.
Page 187: Display
Turn the large right knob to highlight the right (decimal) part of the frequency field. Turn the small right knob to enter the desired frequency. Repeat for any remaining desired frequencies, then press the small right knob to finish. When the remote Com frequency recall switch is pressed, the next preset frequency will be moved into the Com Standby frequency box and a small window with the current Com Frequency Preset number will...
Page 188: Nearest Airport Criteria
9 - AUX PAGES Setup 2 Nearest Airport Criteria To set the minimum runway length and runway surface: Select “Nearest Airport Criteria” from the Setup 2 page. The flashing cursor highlights the runway sur- face field. Turn the small right knob to select the desired surface.
Page 189 9 - AUX PAGES Turn the small right knob to select On or Off and then press ENT. Turn the small right knob to select “On” or “Off” and then press ENT. Press the small right knob to exit WAAS selection. NOTE: There may be other SBAS selections avail- able, such as MSAS.
Page 190: Section 10 Fault Detection & Exclusion
GPS constellation is robust enough to provide a navigation solution for the specified route of flight). Please, refer to the instruc- tions included in the Garmin 400W/500W-series Training CD for complete details on using the FDE prediction program. 190-00356-00 Rev G...
Page 191: Section 11 Messages, Abbreviations, And Navigation Terminology
Audio database integrity error — The 400W-series unit has detected a problem with the built-in HTAWS Audio Database. HTAWS audio alerts are not available. The unit should be returned to your Garmin dealer for service. Aviation database integrity error — The 400W-series unit has detected a problem with a database on the Nav- Data card.
Page 192 COM transceiver has failed. Opera- tional status of the COM transceiver is unknown and the unit should be returned to your Garmin dealer for service. ® If the Com board is still working, it will automatically tune to 121.500 MHz.
Page 193 For excessive tempera- tures, check for adequate ventilation or check cooling air flow. If the message persists, contact your Garmin dealer for assistance. Configuration error - Config service req’d — The con- figuration information provided by the installer has been lost or corrupted.
Page 194 GPS receiver has failed. Operational status of the GPS receiver is unknown and the unit should be returned to your Garmin dealer for service after first checking antenna connections or for a short in the antenna. GPS needs service — The 400W-series unit has detected a failure in its GPS receiver.
Page 195 HTAWS/Terrain data card. The data is not usable and the card should be returned to your Garmin dealer for service. Position outside terrain database coverage region –This is supplemental information to explain why “TER N/A”...
Page 196 TERRAIN configuration has changed — The unit’ s ter- rain/HTAWS settings have changed since it was last turned on in normal mode. Contact your Garmin dealer for service. Terrain database integrity error — The 400W-series unit has detected a problem with a database on the HTAWS/Ter- rain data card.
Page 197: Turn Advisory And Arrival Annunciations
VLOC has failed — The GNS 430W has detected a failure in its VLOC receiver. The VLOC receiver is not available and the unit should be returned to your Garmin dealer for service. VLOC is not responding — (GNS 430W only) Internal system-to-system communication between the main proces- sor and the VLOC receiver has failed. Operational status...
Page 198: Flight Plan Transfer Messages
11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS Flight Plan Transfer Messages FPL imported successfully — The Flight Plan file contained Route Points (that is, it didn’t contain only User Waypoints) and there were no errors when importing them to the target position within the unit’ s Flight Plan Catalog. WPT import successful - No FPL data was modi- fied —...
Page 199: Abbreviations
Abbreviations The following is a list of abbreviations used on the 400W- series unit and their meanings: ACTV— Active ALT— Altitude APR— Approach APT— Airport ARSPC— Airspace ARTCC— Air Route Traffic Control Center ARVL— Arrival AUX— Auxiliary AVGAS— Aviation-grade Gasoline AVTN—...
Page 200 11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS G/S— Glideslope gl— gallons GPS— Global Positioning System GS— Ground Speed hAL— Horizontal Alarm Limit hDG— Heading hFOM— Horizontal Figure of Merit hg— Inches of Mercury hPL— Horizontal Protection Level hWY— Highway IAF— Intermediate Approach Fix ID—...
Page 201 NATNL— National NAV— Navigation NAVAID— Navigational Aid NDB— Non-Directional Radio Beacon NM— Nautical Miles NRST— Nearest NUM— Number OBS— Omnibearing Selector OCN— Oceanic PDA— Premature Descent Alert P.POS— Present Position PROC— Procedure(s) PROV— Province PTK— Parallel Track PWR— Power RAD— Radial RAIM— Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring REF—...
Page 202 11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS VFOM— Vertical Figure of Merit VFR— Visual Flight Rules VLOC— VOR/Localizer Receiver VNAV— Vertical Navigation VOL— Volume VOR— V HF Omnidirectional Radio Range VPL — Vertical Protection Level VS— Vertical Speed VSR— Vertical Speed Required WAAS — Wide Area Augmentation System WPT— Waypoint WX— Weather XTK— Crosstrack Error 190-00356-00 Rev G...
Page 203: Navigation Terms
Navigation Terms The following navigation terms are used on the 400W-series and in this Pilot’ s Guide: NORTH WPT 1 ALT (altitude)— Height above mean sea level (MSL). BRG (bearing)— The compass direction from your present position to a destination waypoint. CAS (calibrated airspeed)—...
Page 204 11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS LFOB (left-over fuel onboard)— The amount of fuel remaining on board after the completion of one or more legs of a flight plan (or a direct-to). LRES (left-over fuel reserve)— The amount of fuel remaining on board after the completion of a one or more legs of a flight plan (or a direct-to), expressed in time and based upon a known fuel consumption...
Page 205: Appendix A Navdata Card Use
Appendix A NavData Card Use ® The Jeppesen NavData card supplied with your 400W-series unit can be installed or removed when the 400W-series unit is off. Insert the card with the swing arm handle at the bottom and the label facing to the left (see illustration right). If the NavData card is not present when the unit is turned on, you will receive a “No Jeppesen Aviation Database - Limited to...
Page 206: Appendix B Specifications
Transmit Power: VOR PERFORMANCE Frequency Range: 14/28 Vdc LOCALIZER PERFORMANCE 28 Vdc Frequency Range: GLIDESLOPE PERFORMANCE Frequency Range: INTERFACES • Garmin GDL 69/69A • ARINC 429 • Aviation RS-232 • CDI/HSI • RMI (digital: clock/data) • Superflag Out • Altitude (serial: Icarus, Shadin-Rosetta or encoded: Gillham/Greycode) • Fuel Sensor • Fuel/Air Data • L3 WX 500 Stormscope • L3 SKY497 SkyWatch...
Page 207: Appendix C Troubleshooting Q&A
GARMIN directly at the address or phone numbers listed on page ii. GARMIN is dedicated to supporting its products and customers.
Page 208 APPENDIX C Troubleshooting Q & A What happens when I select an approach? Can I store a flight plan with an approach, departure or arrival? Whenever you load an approach, departure or arrival into the active flight plan, a set of approach, departure or arrival waypoints is inserted into the flight plan—along with a header line describing the instrument procedure you selected.
Page 209 flag for the active-to waypoint. If an external course in- put is not available, you may select the OBS course on- screen, via a “Select OBS Course” pop-up window. With OBS mode cancelled, the CDI will always display a “TO” indication for the next waypoint once you’ve crossed the active waypoint (provided the active waypoint is not the last waypoint).
Page 210 APPENDIX C Troubleshooting Q & A How do I skip a waypoint in an approach, departure, or arrival? The 400W-series unit allows you to manually select any approach, departure or arrival leg as the active leg of your flight plan. This procedure is performed from the active flight plan page by highlighting the desired waypoint and pressing direct-to twice, then ENT to approve the se- lection (see illustration right).
Page 211 APPENDIX C Troubleshooting Q & A Why does my CDI not respond like a VOR when OBS mode is active? Unlike a VOR, the CDI scale used on GPS equipment is based on the cross-track distance to the desired course, in OBS mode not an angular relationship to the desti- nation. Therefore, the CDI deflection on the GPS will be constant regardless of the distance to the destination, and will not become less sensitive when you are further away...
Page 212 APPENDIX C Troubleshooting Q & A What is the correct missed approach procedure? How do I select the missed approach holding point? The 400W-series unit does not automatically sequence past the MAP. Waypoint sequencing to the first waypoint in the missed approach procedure will be enabled when the OBS key is pressed after crossing the MAP.
Page 213: Index
Index Symbols 3D navigation 8, 56 Abbreviations 120, 122, 123, 129, 130, 131, 181, 189 Accessories iii Acquiring satellites 8, 55 Activate flight plan 22, 68 Active flight plan 21, 67, 70, 72, 75, 76, 78, 83, 125, 134, 155, 159, 160 Active leg 13, 30, 72, 76, 93, 98, 187, 200 Airport Approach 117, 120, 124, 125, 197...
Page 214 APPENDIX D Index Course from fix to altitude 101 Course from fix to distance 100 Course from fix to DME distance 100 Course from fix to manual sequence 103 Create flight plan 21 Creating user waypoints 131 Crossfill 159 Cross-side 161 Crossfill 70, 135, 155, 159, 183 CRSR 3, 189 CTAF 139, 140, 189...
Page 215 Great circle 193 HFOM 56 Hold 91, 187 HSI 61, 152, 198 Ident audio and volume 149 IFR 17 IFR procedures 17 ILS 104, 172 ILS CDI Selection 105, 114, 170, 172 Inhibit terrain 43 Inside airspace 20 Instrument panel self-test 6 Integ 8, 163, 190, 197 Interfaces 196 Intersection 129, 141...
Page 216 APPENDIX D Index Panning 35 Parallel track 76 PDA 48 Position 52, 171, 174 Power on 5 Power up 5 Premature descent alerting 48 Preset Com frequency 176 PROC 4 Procedures 4, 17 Procedure turn 86 PTT 182 Railroads 37 RAIM 163, 167, 197 Range 3 Reference waypoint 53, 131...
Page 217 VNAV 56, 181 Volume 23 VOR 130, 141, 149, 196 VSR 58, 194 WAAS approach ID 126 Warranty iv Waypoint 117, 200 Airport 120 Airport frequency 122 Airport runway 121 Approach 124 Arrival 126 City 118 Departure 127 Duplicate 119 Facility 118 Identifier 118 Intersection 129...
Page 218 APPENDIX D Index Blank Page 190-00356-00 Rev G...
Page 220 © 2010 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries Garmin International, Inc. 1200 East 151 Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Garmin AT, Inc. 2345 Turner Rd., S.E., Salem, Oregon 97302, U.S.A. Garmin (Europe) Ltd. Liberty House, Bulls Copse Road, Hounsdown Business Park, Southhampton, SO40 9RB, U.K.

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Garmin GNS 400W Pilot's Manual & Reference

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