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VM-1 Smoke Management
Application Guide
P/N 3101811-EN • REV 03 • ISS 23MAY16

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  • Page 1 VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide P/N 3101811-EN • REV 03 • ISS 23MAY16...
  • Page 2 Walter Kidde Portable Equipment, Inc., except where specifically permitted under US and international copyright law. Trademarks and patents The Kidde name and logo are trademarks of Walter Kidde Portable Equipment, Inc. Contact information For contact information, see www.kiddelifesafety.com.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Additional reading 27 Chapter 2 Smoke control system hardware 29 The VM-1 smoke control system 30 VM-1 smoke control system design considerations 31 FSCS firefighter smoke control station 36 FSCS series graphic annunciator 37 Fan control and monitor circuit 37...

  • Page 4: Important Information

    To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no event will Walter Kidde Portable Equipment, Inc. be WARNING: Warning messages advise you of hazards liable for any lost profits or business opportunities, loss that could result in injury or loss of life.

  • Page 5: Chapter 1 Fire Geometry And Smoke Movement In Buildings

    Initiating circuits 21 along with requirements for the installation of an Smoke control output circuits 22 effective VM-1 smoke control system (SCS). Panel and component operation 25 Additional reading 27 Content Introduction to the fire problem 2...

  • Page 6: Introduction To The Fire Problem

    Combustible barriers to limit and direct smoke movement. furnishings, interior linings, ceiling tiles, partitions, and thermal and electrical insulation in modern buildings VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...

  • Page 7: Products Of Combustion

    Smoke can behave very differently in tall buildings when the fans and other components in an engineered smoke compared to low buildings. In low buildings, the control system must consider the fuel loading for an influences of the fire, including heat, convective area. VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 8 If a smoldering fire occurs on a floor above the load, or HVAC (mechanical) systems. In a fire, these neutral plane during a reverse stack effect condition, the same factors are equally influential. smoke will travel into and down the shaft and deposit VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 9 The HVAC system rapidly advanced smoke (including the shielding effect of adjacent buildings), and movement from the room of fire origin to every area the building shape and height. See Figure 4below. the system served. VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 10 Additional contributing factors Thermal expansion: In addition to stack effect, buoyancy, and HVAC factors, the energy released by a fire can cause smoke movement due to thermal expansion. VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...

  • Page 11: Principles Of Smoke Control

    • By cooling the smoke, automatic sprinklers can reduce smoke buoyancy and slow down the movement of smoke through roof or ceiling vents VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 12 • Occupancy type and characteristics Smoke zones • Evacuation plans A building or area is typically divided into several zones. • Areas of refuge Zones are delineated by fire or smoke barrier walls or VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 13 This approach is typically used to prevent the flow of smoke VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...

  • Page 14: Types Of Systems

    A VM-1 smoke control system (SCS) when installed and VM-1 SCS designer to create the smoke control system. programmed in accordance with this design manual and...
  • Page 15 • Operation and control of the system is less complex design work begins. with system controls typically routed only to the VM-1 SCS and the firefighter's smoke control station (FSCS) Smoke control systems • Independent of other building systems, dedicated...
  • Page 16 Ductwork usually connects the fans with the areas to be served. Air travels from the supply fan through the supply ducts into the building. Return air is often pulled through the plenum space above the ceiling as shown in Figure 11 on page 13. VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 17 Terminal fans servicing a fire area must be shut off for smoke control applications. During a fire condition, terminal fans serving other areas may continue to operate normally. VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 18 Exhaust to outside Recirculation Air Duct Cooling Coil Mixing Mixing Heating Coil Figure 14: Variable air volume (VAV) system with fan powered terminals Return Recirculation Air Duct Cooling Coil Fan powered Fan powered Supply terminal terminal VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 19 The positive pressures developed by a fire can smoke migrating into the tower from the fire floor and enter a stair as occupants leave the fire floor and reduce override fan shutdown based upon exterior smoke entry. VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 20 Elevator recall is based upon ASME/ANSI A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators. The standard requires that elevator doors open and remain open after elevators are recalled. This requirement results in a VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 21 A smoke zone can be used to activate the zoned smoke control detection system will automatically activate the VM-1 system where all piping or wiring of the devices is in the smoke control system.

  • Page 22: Smoke Control System Components

    Operation of the smoke control system either as a movement into the atrium due to a fire outside the component of the VM-1 fire alarm system or as a stand- atrium. Adjacent spaces, such as stores in a shopping alone VM-1 smoke control system panel from a...
  • Page 23 Operation of such a switch will result in a trouble condition at the building's main control center The VM-1 SCS, to be effective, should include an FSCS series graphic annunciator with a building diagram that indicates the type and location of all smoke control equipment.
  • Page 24 Manual pull stations Dampers (stairwells only) Automatic sprinkler and water flow switches Limit switches & Door closers air flow monitoring Firefighter's Smoke Control Station (FSCS) R-Series annunciators FSCS series graphic annunciator VM-1 smoke control station VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 25 Smoke control system activation is the initiation of the VM-1 fire alarm system and initiating device circuit (IDC). operational mode of a smoke control system. Alarm signal initiating devices used for smoke control...
  • Page 26 Manual pull stations are placed in buildings for occupant standard VM-1 fire alarm system. Output commands for use in reporting fires and notifying other occupants. a smoke control zone include the startup or shutdown of...
  • Page 27 Axial fans: Axial fans (see Figure 20) are subdivided as propeller fans, tubeaxial fans, and vaneaxial fans. Axial fans are designed to achieve high flow rates at low pressures. Common uses for axial fans include kitchen VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 28 Louvers and vents Corp. has an elevator opening protective. Listing Various combinations of louvers, vents, and nonrated directories for buildings materials contain specifics about dampers can be used as a part of a smoke control these products. VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 29 NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of this is performed by the fire alarm panel. Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems, and its A VM-1 smoke control system panel can be a stand- referenced standards. alone panel or integrated into a VM-1 fire alarm panel.
  • Page 30 In addition, verification when the required. fan is turned on in response to a fire will occur, usually in the form of an LED at the VM-1 smoke control panel. Verification of devices results in a confirmation of: Note: Typically for a nondedicated HVAC fan, when the •...

  • Page 31: Additional Reading

    The Control Sequencing in Table 1 will be discussed in closing the supply damper (S1), verifying the exhaust detail as it applies to a VM-1 smoke control system in damper (R1) is open, and turning on the return air fan.
  • Page 32 George T. Tamura. Smoke control in Fire Safety Design, E.G. Butcher and A.C. Parnell “Commissioning Smoke Management Systems,” ASHRAE Guideline 5-1994, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers, Inc, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329 VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...

  • Page 33: Smoke Control System Hardware

    Chapter 2 Smoke control system hardware Summary The VM-1 smoke control system hardware components are described in this chapter as a part of a VM-1 fire alarm network or as a stand-alone system with an annunciator panel for firefighter use. Content...

  • Page 34: The Vm-1 Smoke Control System

    The VM-1 SCS utilizes many components found in an shutting down or starting up fans to limit smoke spread VM-1 fire alarm network and may even share the same beyond the area of origin. cabinet. The SCS may also share VM-1 components like the CPU module.

  • Page 35: Smoke Control System Design Considerations

    The air intakes will supply all of the air to the stairwell and therefore requires a duct smoke detector which will shut VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 36 Elevator smoke control will involve the turning on of one or more pressurization fans and controlling the static pressure within the elevator shaft. Design approaches today inject air into the shaft near the main floor with air VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 37 See Table 3 on page 34 for control settings. normally off or closed. Sequencing of supply openings with fan startup is part of the VM-1 SCS. Static pressure Single zone systems with common outside air and control may be, but typically is not, a part of system common exhaust air operation.
  • Page 38 Exhaust air damper CLOSED Supply air damper CLOSED Supply air damper OPEN Outside air damper OPEN Supply air damper CLOSED Return air damper CLOSED Reset static pressure control to maximize air flow and prevent duct failure VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 39 Exhaust air damper CLOSED Supply air damper CLOSED Supply air damper OPEN Outside air damper OPEN Supply air damper CLOSED Return air damper CLOSED Reset static pressure control to maximize air flow and prevent duct failure VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...

  • Page 40: Fscs Firefighter Smoke Control Station

    CDR-3 Coder module Smoke control systems, which are not interconnected as Reverse polarity module part of an VM-1 fire alarm network panel, constitute a stand-alone system. The descriptions of components City tie module which follow address a stand-alone smoke control...

  • Page 41: Fscs Series Graphic Annunciator

    Figure 23 on page 38 shows a typical fan control and LCD display, and the LED switches. The FSCS series monitor circuit. During normal operation, the fan (item 1) graphic annunciator receives its power from the VM-1 is off and may be turned on by either the HVAC system network.

  • Page 42: Damper Control And Monitor Circuit

    The GSA-IO module (item 4) monitors the closed limit switch on the damper actuator and activates a Monitor event when the switch closes or a Trouble event if the switch fails to close in the time allowed. VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 43 75 seconds. Figure 24: Typical damper control and monitor circuit HVAC SYSTEM CONTROLS 24VDC+ 24VDC- 47K EOLR OPEN 47K EOLR CLOSED 47K EOLR SLC_IN+ SLC_OUT+ SLC_IN- SLC_OUT- VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 44 Chapter 2: Smoke control system hardware VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...

  • Page 45: Smoke Control System Programming

    46 Single zone smoke control with common outside air and exhaust air 47 Central system smoke control 47 Dual duct smoke control system 48 Multi-zone smoke control 48 Variable air volume (VAV) smoke control 49 VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...

  • Page 46: Smoke Control Considerations And Sequencing

    The demand placed on the system event processing their piping and wiring are exclusive to the smoke control bandwidth cannot exceed 75% of the system response zone. time requirement. If any of the bandwidth demands VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 47 Second, write a correlation like the one below to activate Alarm, ZONE_1_SMK_004 the command lists. Alarm, ZONE_1_SMK_005 Alarm, ZONE_1_SMK_006 Alarm, ZONE_1_SMK_007 Alarm, ZONE_1_SMK_008 Outputs: ON, Low, Activation, ZONE_1_EXH_DAMPR_OPEN_RELAY OFF, Low, Activation, ZONE_1_EXH_DAMPR_CLOSE_RELAY OFF, Low, Restoration, EXHAUST_FAN_ON_RELAY ON, Low, Restoration, EXHAUST_FAN_OFF_RELAY VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 48 Name: Monitor, SUPPLY_FAN_ON_RELAY Inputs: Outputs: Alarm, <all smoke control smoke Steady, Low, Both, SUPPLY_FAN_ON_LED detectors> Outputs: Enable, Low, Both, FSCS_SW/LED_STRIP_2 FSCS STATUS LEDS - CORR 8 Name: Inputs: Trouble, SUPPLY_FAN_ON_RELAY Outputs: Steady, Low, Both, SUPPLY_FAN_TRBL_LED VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 49 Name: FSCS MANUAL CONTROLS - CORR 2 LEDOFF, High, Both, Inputs: SUPPLY_DAMPER_AUTO_SW_LED Alarm, <all smoke control smoke STEADY, High, Both, detectors> SUPPLY_DAMPER_CLOSE_SW_LED OFF, High, Both, SUPPLY_DAMPER_OPEN_RELAY Outputs: ON, High, Both, SUPPLY_DAMPER_CLOSE_RELAY Enable, Low, Both, FSCS_SW/LED_STRIP_1 VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...

  • Page 50: Hvac And System Control Examples

    HVAC return fans Close smoke zone supply air Stop smoke spread dampers Close adjacent zone return air Keep out smoke dampers Open exhaust dampers for smoke Vent fire and develop zone negative pressure in smoke zone VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 51 Open fully adjacent zone supply Prepare zones for Close return air dampers for Keep out smoke air dampers pressurization and limit adjacent zones smoke spread VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 52 Reduce pressure failure damper development Close smoke zone air supply Isolate smoke development Close adjacent zone exhaust Prepare zones for damper dampers pressurization and limit smoke spread Open smoke zone air exhaust Reduce pressure damper development VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 53 Close smoke zone air supply Isolate smoke development damper Open smoke zone air exhaust Reduce pressure damper development Close adjacent zone exhaust Prepare zones for dampers pressurization and limit smoke spread VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 54 Chapter 3: Smoke control system programming VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...

  • Page 55: Smoke Control Acceptance And Testing

    Zoned smoke control and atrium systems 59 Stair tower pressurization systems 59 Elevator shaft pressurization systems 60 Additional considerations 61 Other test methods 61 VM-1 SCS owner’s manual and instructions 61 Partial occupancy 61 Modifications 61 Periodic testing 62 VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...

  • Page 56: Testing

    Since most VM-1 SCSs will be integrated into an VM-1 fire alarm network, testing and acceptance may also need to VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 57 The FSCS series graphic annunciator must receive power from other sources. The cabinet does not contain system component is performed to determine if smoke zones or areas are complete exclusive of VM-1 SCS batteries for emergency power. programmed commands. These operational tests...
  • Page 58 The following steps are required for a VM-1 SCS. smoke control, such as toilet exhaust, elevator shaft 1. Verify that all components are installed in workman vents, elevator machine room fans, and similar systems.
  • Page 59 Alarm LED sounds. The graphic annunciator panel general flashes, the local panel buzzer sounds, and the first trouble LED will light, also. alarm message remains at the top of the LCD window. VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 60 2, and the 3. Map the signaling line circuit by reading the device active alarm events counter at the bottom of the data; adjusting, modifying, and accepting devices as display indicates 0002. VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...

  • Page 61: Scs Detection Acceptance Testing

    • The location meets design parameters for spacing and air flow. Initial acceptance testing for LED displays, VM-1 SCS panels, and FSCS series graphic annunciators • The location annunciated by the smoke control system agrees with the physical location of the 1.

  • Page 62: Smoke Control Input Modules

    LCD and graphic annunciator. 3. For supervised output circuits, open up the circuit. Verify that the circuit initiates the appropriate system Verify that the appropriate circuit trouble and responses. location message is displayed on the LCD module. VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...

  • Page 63: Dedicated Systems

    4. A record of the automatic test sequences and results smoke barrier doors that separate the smoke zone from must be maintained at the location of the VM-1 SCS. adjacent zones. The measurements should be made while all smoke barrier doors that separate the smoke zone from the other zones are fully closed.
  • Page 64 The VM-1 system designer, working with the building infiltration is minor. Testing of the override feature should system designer, should verify the proper activation of be in the acceptance procedure.

  • Page 65: Additional Considerations

    This can be done by using a with limited effectiveness are chemical smoke tests, small amount of smoke at the doors. tracer gas tests, and real fire tests. VM-1 SCS owner’s manual and Additional considerations instructions Information should be provided to the owner that defines...
  • Page 66 VM-1 SCS controls, initiating systems. devices, fans, dampers, controls, doors, and windows. The equipment should be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

  • Page 67: Glossary

    Pressure will vary depending upon the establishments, entertainment and amusement number of doors opened in the stairwell. facilities, offices, or other similar uses where tenant spaces open onto or directly communicate with the pedestrian area. VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...
  • Page 68 UL Listed. Systems serving more than one floor with a capacity greater than 15,000 cfm are required by NFPA 90A to have smoke dampers installed to isolate the air handling equipment, including filters, to restrict the circulation of smoke. VM-1 Smoke Management Application Guide...

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