Videonics MX-1 Instruction Manual page 84

VIDEONICS DIGITAL VIDEO MIXER
GENLOCK
Creation of a video signal that is synchronized to
a reference signal. Because the new signal is
synchronized, it can be superimposed on the origi-
nal signal and effects, such as dissolves, can be
performed. Name comes from "GENerating a
LOCKed signal."
HI-8
A high-resolution video format based on the 8-
mm format. Similar in performance to S-VHS in
many respects but using 8-mm wide videotape.
HUE
Often used synonymously with the term tint. It is
the dominant wavelength which distinguishes a
color such as red, yellow, etc.
INTERLACE
A system developed for television which divides
each video frame into two fields. This is done by
first drawing one field consisting of an image's
odd scan lines and then drawing the remaining
even scan lines, interweaving both fields. Inter-
lacing greatly reduces flicker.
KEY
Replacement of parts of one video image with
another, based on color or brightness of the origi-
nal picture. See CHROMA KEY and LUMINANCE
KEY.
LANC
See CONTROL-L
LINE
A video picture consists of an array of horizontal
lines. An NTSC frame has about 525 lines, a PAL
frame has about 625.
LUMINANCE
A video signal is comprised of luminance, chromi-
nance (color information) and sync. Luminance is
the measure of brightness of a video image. If
luminance is high, the picture is bright and if low
the picture is dark. Luminance is the black and
white portion of the picture.
LUMINANCE KEY
Replacement of portions of one picture with an-
other, based on brightness. The brightest portions
are replaced while the dark portions are unchanged
(or vice-versa) and in-between values are mixed
proportionately.
MIXER, AUDIO/VIDEO
1. An audio mixer allows multiple audio sources
(microphone, CD player, VCR, etc.) to be com-
bined, or mixed, to produce a sound track.
2. A video mixer combines multiple video sources,
allowing various effects (such as dissolves and
wipes) to be used to transition from one source to
another. A frame synchronizer is incorporated in a
video mixer to allow two videos to share the screen
at once.
MONITOR
A television that gets its signal directly from a
camera or VCR.
NEGATIVE
The conversion of a video picture to a negative
image. Blacks and whites are reversed while col-
ors are inverted. For example, red becomes a
bluish tint, green becomes purple, etc.
A negative effect can be performed on the lumi-
nance (black and white) portion of the image, the
chrominance (color) portion, or both. The Digital
Video Mixer includes both color and black and
white negative effects.
NOISE
A general term used in electronics to indicate any
unwanted random, electrical signal, unrelated to
the original signal. Video noise is manifested as
snow, graininess, ghost images or picture static
induced by external sources such as the national
power-line grid, electric motors, fluorescent lamps,
etc.
In audio, noise is manifested as hiss and static.
NONLINEAR EDITING
The process of editing using instantaneous re-
trieval (random access) computer controlled me-
dia such as hard disks, CD-ROMs and laser discs.
NTSC (National Television Standards Commit-
tee)
Standard of color TV broadcasting used mainly in
the United States, Canada, Mexico and Japan,
featuring 525 lines per frame and 60 frames per
second. (See PAL and SECAM)
OUTPUT
Similar to the preview in concept except that the
resulting output is the final signal which goes "on
the air." Also called "program out."
PAINT
Special effects in which the normal wide range of
colors and brightness levels in a video image are
reduced to a small number of colors or luminance
levels. Fine graduations of color and brightness
are removed. The result is sometimes described
as an oil painting effect and is available on some
special effects generators. Also called
POSTERIZATION and sometimes (erroneously)
SOLARIZATION. Both the Video Equalizer and
Digital Video Mixer include this effect.
PAL (Phase Alternate Line)
The European color TV broadcasting standard
featuring 625 lines per frame and 50 frames per
second. (See NTSC and SECAM)
PIP (Picture In Picture)
A digital special effect in which one video image is
inserted within another allowing several images to
share a single screen. (Also called video com-
press).
POST-PRODUCTION
All editing done after the video footage has been
recorded. Editing, titling, special effects insertion,
image enhancement, enriching, fine tuning and
other production work is done during post-produc-
tion.
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