Videonics MX-1 Instruction Manual page 83

PAGE 78
CROSS COLOR
This phenomenon manifests itself as spurious on-
screen rainbow patterns on highly textured ob-
jects similar to those found on a striped shirt or
tweed jacket.
CROSSFADE
The audio equivalent of the video dissolve where
one sound track is gradually faded out while a
second sound track simultaneously replaces the
original one.
dB (Decibel)
A unit for expressing the ratio of two amounts of
electric or acoustic signal power. Technically, this
is equal to 20 times the common logarithm of the
voltage or current ratio.
DIGITAL
A method of representing a signal using binary
numbers. The Digital Video Mixer converts video
signals into digital form and all video processing
is done digitally. Digital video provides advan-
tages in reliability, accuracy, quality, performance,
and features.
DISSOLVE
A process whereby one video signal is gradually
faded out while a second image simultaneously
replaces the original one.
DUB
A duplicate copy made from one recording me-
dium to another.
DVE (Digital Video Effects)
These effects are found in special effects genera-
tors which employ digital signal processing to cre-
ate two or three dimensional wipe effects. DVE
generators are getting less expensive as the kind
of effects they create get more popular. The Digi-
tal Video Mixer includes such effects.
8-MM VIDEO
A consumer video record/playback system, de-
veloped by Sony and others, utilizing 8-mm wide
magnetic tape.
EDIT CONTROL
A connection on a VCR or camcorder which al-
lows direct communication with external edit con-
trol devices. LANC (Control-L) and Panasonic 5-
pin are common consumer edit control protocols.
Thumbs Up and Video EditMaker work with both
of these control formats as well as machines lack-
ing direct control.
EIA RS-170A
Broadcast time base specification describes how
accurately the video signal is timed. Fully sup-
ported by the Digital Video Mixer.
FADING
1. The intensity of a video picture is deliberately
diminished until it becomes totally black (fade to
black). Both the Thumbs Up and the Digital Video
Mixer offer fade effects. The term is also some-
times used for a dissolve.
VIDEONICS DIGITAL VIDEO MIXER
2. An audio fade is a decrease in the sound level
until it is no longer audible. Audio fading is often
used in conjunction with video fading causing the
sound and image to fade simultaneously. (See
AUDIO-FOLLOWS-VIDEO)
FIELD
One-half of a complete television picture. Two
fields make up a complete television picture frame.
NTSC signals show 60 fields per second. PAL
and SECAM show 50. (See FRAME, INTERLACE)
FRAME
A complete video image consisting of 2 fields.
Also used to describe the total visible area of a
video image. NTSC signals show 30 frames per
second. PAL and SECAM show 25.
FRAME RATE
The speed with which video frames are presented.
A full frame rate NTSC picture shows 30 frames
per second. A PAL or SECAM picture shows 25.
Some devices will show an image at reduced
frame rate in which frames are skipped. The re-
sulting images are fine for preview purposes but
action will be choppy compared to full frame rate
images.
FRAME SYNCHRONIZER
A digital electronic device which synchronizes two
or more video signals. A frame synchronizer uses
one of its inputs as a reference and locks the
other video signals to the reference's sync and
color burst signals by delaying the other signals
so that each line and field starts at the same time.
Signals synchronized in this manner can be mixed
using dissolves, wipes, and other effects. A frame
synchronizer's output is only as good as the refer-
ence source unless a TBC is used (see TBC). The
Digital Video Mixer includes this feature plus a
TBC.
FREEZE
A process which allows you to "catch" and freeze
one on-screen TV/video field or frame. Digital
devices do this by storing the picture in digital
memory. It is possible to freeze either one field or
a whole frame. A field freeze has half the picture
resolution of a frame freeze but is often more
stable because it eliminates subject movement
that occurs between one field and the next.
Digital freeze frame is one special effect that can
be created with a special effects generator or a
TBC. The Digital Video Mixer includes this fea-
ture.
GENERATION
The number of duplication steps between an origi-
nal recording and a given copy. A second genera-
tion duplicate is a copy of the original and a third
generation duplicate is a copy of a copy of the
original.
GENERATION LOSS
Video quality lost with each successive genera-
tion as tapes are copied.