Keithley 6485 Manuals

Manuals and User Guides for Keithley 6485. We have 2 Keithley 6485 manuals available for free PDF download: Instruction Manual, User Manual

Keithley 6485 Instruction Manual (312 pages)

Picoammeter

Brand: Keithley | Category: Measuring Instruments | Size: 3 MB

Table of Contents

7
- List of Tables
  21
9 Remote Operation

22
- Getting Started
  
  25
  - Introduction
    26
  - Overview of this Manual
    26
  - General Information
    27
    
    Contact Information
    27
    
    Inspection for Damage
    27
    
    Safety Symbols and Terms
    27
    
    Unpacking and Inspection
    27
    
    Warranty Information
    27
    
    Handling Precautions
    28
    
    Input Cables, Connectors, and Adapters
    28
    
    Options and Accessories
    28
    
    Package Content
    28
    
    Carrying Case
    29
    
    GPIB and Trigger Link Cables and Adapters
    29
    
    Instruction Manual
    29
    
    Rack Mount Kits
    29
    
    Additional References
    30
  - Features
    30
  - Front and Rear Panel Familiarization
    30
    
    Front Panel Summary
    30
    
    Figure 1-1 Front Panel
    31
    
    Rear Panel Summary
    32
    
    Figure 1-2 Rear Panel
    33
    
    Analog Output
    34
    
    Figure 1-3 Typical Analog Output Connections
    35
    
    Display
    36
    
    Status and Error Messages
    36
  - Power-Up
    36
    
    Line Power Connection
    36
    
    Front Panel Procedure
    37
    
    Line Frequency
    37
    
    SCPI Programming - Line Frequency
    37
    
    Power-Up Sequence
    38
  - Default Settings
    39
    
    Front Panel Setup Operation
    39
    
    To Restore any Setup
    39
    
    To Save a User Setup
    39
    
    To Select Power-On Setup
    39
    
    Remote Setup Operation
    40
    
    Restoring Factory or GPIB Default Setups
    40
    
    Saving and Restoring User Setups
    40
    
    Selecting Power-On Setup
    40
  - Menu
    42
  - SCPI Programming
    42
    
    Optional Command Words
    43
    
    Query Commands
    43
- Measurement Concepts
  
  45
  - Measurement Overview
    46
  - Performance Considerations
    46
    
    Autozero
    46
    
    Warm-Up Period
    46
    
    SCPI Programming
    47
    
    System:azero[:State] <B
    47
  - Connection Fundamentals
    47
  - Input Connector
    47
    
    Figure 2-1 BNC Input Connector
    48
    
    Maximum Input Levels
    48
    
    Figure 2-2 Maximum Input Levels
    49
    
    Low Noise Input Cables
    49
    
    Basic Connections to DUT
    50
    
    Connections
    50
    
    Figure 2-3 Basic Connections
    50
    
    Voltages Greater than 220V
    50
    
    Figure 2-4 Shielding for Measurements (Unguarded)
    52
    
    Input Voltage Overload (OVRVOLT Message)
    53
    
    Test Fixture
    53
    
    Connectors, Terminals, and Internal Wiring
    54
    
    Guard Plate
    54
    
    Handling and Cleaning Test Fixtures
    54
    
    Test Fixture Chassis
    54
    
    Input Protection
    55
    
    Floating Measurements
    56
  - Zero Check and Zero Correct
    57
    
    Zero Check
    57
    
    Zero Correct
    58
    
    A) System:zcorrect:acquire
    59
    
    SCPI Programming - Zero Check and Zero Correct
    59
    
    B) System:zcorrect[:State] <B
    60
  - Measurement Considerations
    60
- Measurements
  
  61
  - Measurement Overview
    62
    
    Procedure
    62
    
    Step 1. Enable Zero Check
    63
    
    Step 2. Perform Zero Correction
    63
    
    Step 3. Select a Manual Measurement Range or Enable Auto Range
    63
    
    Step 4. Connect the Current to be Measured to the Picoammeter
    63
    
    Step 5. Disable Zero Check and Take a Reading from the Display
    63
    
    Figure 3-1 Connections for Amps
    64
  - SCPI Programming
    65
    
    A) Sense:data
    65
    
    Programming Example
    65
- Range, Units, Digits, Rate, and Filters
  
  68
  - Range, Units, and Digits
    68
    
    Autoranging
    68
    
    Manual Ranging
    68
    
    Range
    68
    
    Autorange Limits
    69
    
    Digits
    69
    
    Units
    69
    
    Programming Example - Range and Digits
    70
    
    SCPI Programming - Range and Digits
    70
  - Rate
    71
    
    SCPI Programming - Rate
    72
    
    Programming Example - Rate
    73
  - Filters
    73
    
    Median Filter
    73
    
    Digital Filter
    74
    
    Digital Filter Classiﬁcations
    74
    
    Digital Filter Types
    74
    
    Median Filter Control
    74
    
    Figure 4-2 Digital Filter; Averaging and Advanced Classiﬁcations
    75
    
    Operation Consideration
    76
    
    Response Time
    76
    
    Digital Filter Control
    77
    
    SCPI Programming - Filters
    78
- Relative, MX+B, M/X+B (Reciprocal), and Log Relative
  
  80
  - Setting and Controlling Relative
    80
    
    REL Key
    80
    
    Displaying or Manually Keying in REL
    81
    
    SCPI Programming - Relative
    82
    
    Programming Example - Relative
    83
  - MX+B, M/X+B (Reciprocal), and Logarithmic
    83
    
    Conﬁguring and Controlling MX+B and M/X+B
    83
    
    MX+B and M/X+B
    83
    
    Logarithmic
    84
    
    A) :DATA? and :Data:latest
    85
    
    SCPI Programming - MX+B, M/X+B, and Log
    85
    
    Programming Example - MX+B
    86
- Buffer
  
  87
  - Buffer Operations
    88
    
    Store
    88
    
    Figure 6-1 Buffer Locations
    89
    
    Recall
    89
    
    Buffer Statistics
    90
    
    Buffer Timestamps
    90
  - SCPI Programming
    91
    
    Programming Example
    94
- Triggering
  
  95
  - Trigger Models
    96
    
    Figure 7-2 Trigger Model — Remote Operation
    97
    
    Idle and Initiate
    98
    
    Trigger Model Operation
    98
    
    Event Detectors and Control Sources
    99
    
    Measure Action
    100
    
    Trigger Delay
    100
    
    Counters
    101
    
    Output Triggers
    101
    
    Trigger Model Conﬁguration - Front Panel
    101
  - SCPI Programming
    103
    
    Programming Example
    105
  - External Triggering
    105
    
    Input Trigger Requirements
    106
    
    Output Trigger Speciﬁcations
    106
    
    External Trigger Example
    107
    
    Figure 7-7 DUT Test System
    107
    
    Figure 7-8 Trigger Link Connections
    108
    
    Figure 7-9 Operation Model for Triggering Example
    109
- Limit Tests
  
  111
  - Limit Testing
    112
  - Figure 8-1 Limit Tests
    112
  - Figure 8-2 Limit Tests Example
    112
  - Figure 8-3 Operation Model for Limit Test
    114
  - Front Panel Operation
    115
    
    Arm Layer Conﬁguration Menu
    115
    
    Limit Test Conﬁguration
    115
    
    Limits Conﬁguration Menu
    115
    
    Perform Limit Tests
    116
    
    Step 1. Conﬁgure Test System
    116
    
    Step 2. Conﬁgure Measurement
    116
    
    Step 3. Conﬁgure Limit Tests
    116
    
    Step 4. Start Testing Process
    116
    
    Step 5. Stop Testing Process
    116
  - SCPI Programming
    117
    
    Programming Example
    118
- Remote Operation
  
  119
  - Selecting and Conﬁguring an Interface
    120
    
    Interfaces
    120
    
    Languages
    120
    
    Conﬁguring the GPIB Interface
    121
    
    Interface Selection and Conﬁguration Procedures
    121
    
    RS-232 Interface
    121
  - GPIB Operation and Reference
    122
    
    GPIB Bus Connections
    122
    
    GPIB Bus Standards
    122
    
    Figure 9-1 IEEE-488 Connector
    123
    
    Figure 9-3 IEEE-488 Connector Location
    124
    
    Commands and Associated Statements
    125
    
    General IEEE-488 Bus Commands
    125
    
    Primary Address
    125
    
    REN (Remote Enable)
    125
    
    DCL (Device Clear)
    126
    
    GTL (Go to Local)
    126
    
    IFC (Interface Clear)
    126
    
    LLO (Local Lockout)
    126
    
    SDC (Selective Device Clear)
    126
    
    Error and Status Messages
    127
    
    Front Panel GPIB Operation
    127
    
    GET (Group Execute Trigger)
    127
    
    GPIB Status Indicators
    127
    
    SPE, SPD (Serial Polling)
    127
    
    Command Words
    128
    
    LOCAL Key
    128
    
    Programming Syntax
    128
    
    Case Sensitivity
    130
    
    Long-Form and Short-Form Versions
    130
    
    Query Commands
    130
    
    Short-Form Rules
    130
    
    Program Messages
    131
    
    Single Command Messages
    131
    
    Command Path Rules
    132
    
    Multiple Command Messages
    132
    
    Using Common Commands and SCPI Commands in the same Message
    132
    
    Command Execution Rules
    133
    
    Multiple Response Messages
    133
    
    Program Message Terminator (PMT)
    133
    
    Response Messages
    133
    
    Sending a Response Message
    133
    
    Message Exchange Protocol
    134
    
    Response Message Terminator (RMT)
    134
  - RS-232 Interface Reference
    134
    
    RS-232 Settings
    134
    
    Sending and Receiving Data
    134
    
    Baud Rate
    135
    
    Data and Stop Bits
    135
    
    Flow Control (Signal Handshaking)
    135
    
    Parity
    135
    
    Terminator
    135
    
    RS-232 Connections
    136
    
    Error Messages
    137
- Status Structure
  
  139
  - Overview
    140
  - Figure 10-1 6485 Status Mode Structure
    141
  - Clearing Registers and Queues
    142
  - Programming and Reading Registers
    143
    
    Programming Enable Registers
    143
    
    Figure 10-2 16-Bit Status Register
    144
    
    Reading Registers
    144
  - Status Byte and Service Request (SRQ)
    145
    
    Service Request Enable Register
    146
    
    Status Byte Register
    146
    
    Serial Polling and SRQ
    147
    
    SPE, SPD (Serial Polling)
    147
    
    Status Byte and Service Request Commands
    147
    
    Programming Example - Set MSS (B6) When Error Occurs
    148
  - Status Register Sets
    148
    
    Register Bit Descriptions
    148
    
    Standard Event Status
    148
    
    Figure 10-4 Standard Event Status
    149
    
    Figure 10-5 Operation Event Status
    150
    
    Operation Event Status
    150
    
    Measurement Event Status
    151
    
    Figure 10-6 Measurement Event Status
    152
    
    Condition Registers
    153
    
    Questionable Event Status
    153
    
    Event Registers
    154
    
    Event Enable Registers
    155
    
    Programming Example - Program and Read Registers
    156
  - Queues
    156
    
    Error Queue
    156
    
    Output Queue
    156
    
    Programming Example - Read Error Queue
    158
  - Common Commands
    159
- SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands
  
  165
  - 11 Common Commands
    
    170
  - 12 SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands
    
    170
  - 13 Display, Format, and System
    
    170
    
    Display, Format, and System
    169
    
    Display Subsystem
    170
    
    Table 13-1 SCPI Commands - Display
    170
    
    Format Subsystem
    171
    
    Figure 13-1 ASCII Data Format
    172
    
    Figure 13-2 IEEE-754 Single Precision Data Format (32 Data Bits)
    173
    
    System Subsystem
    176
    
    Table 13-3 SCPI Commands - System
    176
    
    Figure 13-3 Key-Press Codes
    178
  - 14 SCPI Reference Tables
    
    179
    
    SCPI Reference Tables
    179
    
    Table 14-1 Calculate Command Summary
    179
    
    Table 14-2 Display Command Summary
    179
    
    Table 14-3 Format Command Summary
    179
    
    Table 14-4 Sense Command Summary
    179
    
    Table 14-5 Status Command Summary
    179
    
    Table 14-6 System Command Summary
    179
    
    Table 14-7 Trace Command Summary
    179
    
    Table 14-8 Trigger Command Summary
    179
    
    General Notes
    180
    
    Performance Veriﬁcation
    191
    
    Environmental Conditions
    192
    
    Introduction
    192
    
    Veriﬁcation Test Requirements
    192
    
    Line Power
    193
    
    Recommended Test Equipment
    193
    
    Warm-Up Period
    193
    
    Calibrator Voltage Calculations
    195
    
    Example Reading Limits Calculation
    195
    
    Veriﬁcation Limits
    195
    
    Performing the Veriﬁcation Test Procedures
    196
    
    Restoring Factory Defaults
    196
    
    Test Considerations
    196
    
    20Ma-20Ma Range Accuracy
    197
    
    Current Measurement Accuracy
    197
    
    Offset Voltage Calibration
    197
    
    2Na-2Ma Range Accuracy
    198
    
    Figure 15-1 Connections for 20Μa to 20Ma Range Veriﬁcation
    198
    
    Figure 15-2 Connections for 2Na to 2Μa Range Veriﬁcation
    200
  - 16 Calibration
    
    205
    
    Calibration
    201
    
    Environmental Conditions
    202
    
    Introduction
    202
    
    Line Power
    202
    
    Temperature and Relative Humidity
    202
    
    Warm-Up Period
    202
    
    Calibration Considerations
    203
    
    Calibration Cycle
    203
    
    Recommended Calibration Equipment
    203
    
    Calibration Errors
    204
    
    Calibration Menu
    205
    
    Table 16-3 Calibration Menu
    205
    
    Aborting Calibration
    206
    
    Calibration Procedure
    206
    
    Current Calculations
    206
    
    Preparing for Calibration
    206
    
    20Ma-20Ma Range Calibration
    207
    
    Current Calibration
    207
    
    Offset Voltage Calibration
    207
    
    2Na-2Ma Range Calibration
    209
    
    Figure 16-1 Connections for 20Μa to 20Ma Range Calibration
    209
    
    Entering Calibration Dates and Saving Calibration
    211
    
    Calibration Support
    212
    
    Changing the Calibration Code
    212
    
    Locking out Calibration
    212
    
    Resetting the Calibration Code
    212
    
    Displaying Calibration Dates
    213
    
    Displaying the Calibration Count
    213
  - 17 Routine Maintenance
    
    216
    
    Routine Maintenance
    215
    
    Introduction
    216
    
    Setting Line Voltage and Replacing Line Fuse
    216
    
    Table 17-1 Line Fuse Ratings
    216
    
    Figure 17-1 Line Fuse Location
    217
    
    Front Panel Tests
    217
    
    Table 17-2 Front Panel Tests
    217
    
    DISP Test
    218
    
    KEY Test
    218
    
    Speciﬁcations
    219
  - B Status and Error Messages
    
    223
    
    Status and Error Messages
    221
    
    Table B-1 Status and Error Messages
    223
    
    General Measurement Considerations
    227
    
    Ground Loops
    228
    
    Measurement Considerations
    228
    
    Piezoelectric and Stored Charge Effects
    229
    
    Triboelectric Effects
    229
    
    Electrochemical Effects
    230
    
    Electrostatic Interference
    230
    
    Humidity
    230
    
    Light
    230
    
    Electromagnetic Interference (EMI
    231
    
    Magnetic Fields
    231
    
    DDC Emulation Commands
    233
    
    DDC Language
    234
    
    Figure D-1 U0 Status Word
    242
    
    Figure D-2 U1 Status Word
    243
    
    Figure D-3 U2 Status Word
    244
    
    Status Byte Format
    244
    
    Figure D-4 Status Byte Format
    246
    
    Example Programs
    247
    
    1000 Readings/Second into Internal Buffer
    248
    
    Programming Examples
    248
    
    900 Readings/Second to IEEE-488 Bus
    249
  - D DDC Emulation Commands
    
    261
  - F IEEE-488 Bus Overview
    
    261
    
    IEEE-488 Bus Overview
    251
    
    Bus Description
    252
    
    Introduction
    252
    
    Bus Lines
    254
    
    Bus Management Lines
    255
    
    Data Lines
    255
    
    Handshake Lines
    255
    
    Bus Commands
    256
    
    Uniline Commands
    259
    
    Universal Multiline Commands
    259
    
    Address Commands
    260
    
    Addressed Multiline Commands
    260
    
    Unaddress Commands
    260
    
    Command Codes
    261
    
    Common Commands
    261
    
    SCPI Commands
    261
    
    Table F-2 Command Codes
    261
    
    Typical Command Sequences
    262
    
    IEEE Command Groups
    263
    
    Table F-6 IEEE Command Groups
    263
    
    Interface Function Codes
    264
  - G IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information
    
    269
    
    IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information
    268
    
    Introduction
    268
    
    GPIB 488.1 Protocol
    269
    
    Table G-2 Coupled Commands
    269
    
    Protocol Differences
    270
    
    Selecting the 488.1 Protocol
    270
    
    Message Exchange Protocol (MEP
    271
    
    NRFD Hold-Off
    271
    
    Using SCPI-Based Programs
    271
    
    NDAC Hold-Off
    272
    
    General Operation Notes
    273
    
    Message Available
    273
    
    SRQ When Buffer Fills with 200 Readings
    273
    
    Trigger-On-Talk
    273
    
    Figure G-2 Program Example
    274
    
    Remote Calibration
    275
    
    Calibration Commands
    276
    
    Introduction
    276
    
    Remote Calibration Overview
    277
    
    Applications Guide
    279
    
    Leakage Currents and Guarding
    280
    
    Measurement Considerations
    280
    
    Input Bias Current
    281
    
    Voltage Burden
    281
    
    Voltage Offset Correction Procedure
    282
    
    Noise and Source Impedance
    283
    
    Source Resistance
    283
    
    Source Capacitance
    284
    
    Electrostatic Interference and Shielding
    285
    
    Figure I-4 Electrostatic Coupling
    286
    
    Figure I-5 Shielding a High Impedance Device
    287
    
    Making Connections
    288
    
    Shielding Vs. Guarding
    288
    
    Figure I-8 Proper Connection
    289
    
    Figure I-9 Improper Connection
    290
    
    Typical Range Change Transients
    290
    
    Up-Range Input Response
    291
    
    Down-Range Voltage Transients Are Smaller
    292
    
    Figure I-11 Transient Voltage
    292
    
    Down-Range by Starting at Highest Current Necessary
    293
    
    Run Test with a Fixed Range
    293
    
    Steps to Minimize Impact of Range Change Transients
    293
    
    Reduce Up-Ranging Transient
    294
    
    Using Protection Circuitry
    294
    
    Zero Check on / off Response
    294
    
    Figure I-13 Zero Check Transient
    295
    
    Applications
    296
    
    Applications Guide
    296
    
    Connections; Diode Leakage Current Test
    296
    
    Diode Leakage Current
    296
    
    Capacitor Leakage Current
    297
    
    Connections; Capacitor Leakage Current Test
    297
    
    Figure
    297
    
    Figure
    298
    
    Measuring High Resistance Using the 6485
    298
    
    Connections; Cable Insulation Resistance Test
    299
    
    Figure
    299
    
    Connections; Surface Insulation Resistance Test
    300
    
    Figure
    300
    
    Figure
    301
    
    General Photo Diode Leakage
    301
    
    Avalanche Photo Diode Leakage
    302
    
    Figure
    302
    
    Figure I-21 PIN Photo Diode Leakage
    302
    
    Figure I-23 Basic Connection Scheme
    303
    
    Focused Ion Beam Applications
    303
    
    Focused Ion Beam Signal Connections
    304
    
    Using Switching Systems to Measure Multiple Current Sources
    304

Keithley 6485 User Manual (115 pages)

picoammeter/voltage source

Brand: Keithley | Category: Measuring Instruments | Size: 2 MB

Table of Contents
7
Getting Started

13
- Introduction
  14
- Overview of this Manual
  14
- General Information
  14
  - Warranty Information
    14
  - Contact Information
    15
  - Safety Symbols and Terms
    15
  - Unpacking and Inspection
    15
  - Options and Accessories
    16
  - Additional References
    19
- Features
  20
- Model 6485 Front and Rear Panel Familiarization
  20
  - Model 6485 Front Panel Summary
    20
  - Figure 1-1 Model 6485 Front Panel
    21
  - Model 6485 Rear Panel Summary
    23
  - Analog Output
    24
  - Display
    24
  - Status and Error Messages
    24
- Model 6487 Front and Rear Panel Familiarization
  25
  - Model 6487 Front Panel Summary
    25
  - Model 6487 Rear Panel Summary
    28
  - Voltage Source
    29
  - Analog Output
    30
  - Digital I/O
    30
  - Display
    30
  - Status and Error Messages
    30
- Power-Up
  31
  - Line Power Connection
    31
  - Line Frequency
    31
  - Power-Up Sequence
    32
- Default Settings
  33
- Menu
  38
- SCPI Programming
  39
  - Optional Command Words
    39
  - Query Commands
    39
Connections

41
Measurements and Sourcing Voltage

57
Range, Units, Digits, Rate, and Filters

71
- Range, Units, and Digits
  72
  - Range
    72
  - Units
    73
  - Digits
    73
  - SCPI Programming - Range and Digits
    73
- Rate
  74
- Model 6487 Damping
  74
- Filters
  74
  - Median Filter
    75
  - Digital Filter
    75
  - Filter Control
    76
Relative, MX+B, M/X+B (Reciprocal), and Log

77
- Relative
  78
  - Front Panel Relative
    78
  - SCPI Programming - Relative
    78
- MX+B, M/X+B (Reciprocal), and Logarithmic
  79
  - MX+B and M/X+B
    79
  - Logarithmic
    79
  - Configuring Math Functions
    80
  - SCPI Programming - MX+B, M/X+B, and Log
    80
Buffer and Sweeps

81
- Buffer Operations
  82
  - Store
    82
  - Recall
    82
  - Buffer Timestamp
    83
  - Clear
    83
  - Buffer Statistics
    83
  - SCPI Programming - Buffer
    84
  - Programming Example
    84
- Model 6487 Voltage Sweeps
  85
  - Front Panel Sweeps
    85
  - SCPI Programming - Sweeps
    85
  - Programming Example
    86
Remote Operation and Commands

87
- Selecting and Configuring an Interface
  88
- Remote Commands
  90
  - General Bus Commands
    90
  - Common Commands
    91
  - Signal Oriented Commands
    91
  - SCPI Command Subsystems
    92
  - Programming Syntax
    92
  - Remote Operation
    97
A Specifications

99
B General Measurement Considerations

99
- Measurement Considerations
  100
  - Ground Loops
    100
  - Triboelectric Effects
    101
  - Piezoelectric and Stored Charge Effects
    101
  - Electrochemical Effects
    102
  - Humidity
    102
  - Light
    102
  - Electrostatic Interference
    102
  - Magnetic Fields
    103
  - Electromagnetic Interference (EMI
    103
Example Programs

105
- Programming Examples
  106

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Keithley 6485 Manuals

Keithley 6485 Instruction Manual (312 pages)

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

9 Remote Operation

Getting Started

Measurement Concepts

Measurements

Range, Units, Digits, Rate, and Filters

Relative, MX+B, M/X+B (Reciprocal), and Log Relative

Buffer

Triggering

Limit Tests

Remote Operation

Status Structure

SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands

11 Common Commands

12 SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands

13 Display, Format, and System

14 SCPI Reference Tables

16 Calibration

17 Routine Maintenance

B Status and Error Messages

D DDC Emulation Commands

F IEEE-488 Bus Overview

G IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information

Keithley 6485 User Manual (115 pages)

Table of Contents

Getting Started

Connections

Measurements and Sourcing Voltage

Range, Units, Digits, Rate, and Filters

Relative, MX+B, M/X+B (Reciprocal), and Log

Buffer and Sweeps

Remote Operation and Commands

A Specifications

B General Measurement Considerations

Example Programs

Related Products

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