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In order to get a further understanding of structure and working principle of motorcycle electrical system,you
should have a general conception about basic knowledge of electrics firstly.
1 Electricity、electric current、voltage and resistance
The basic component of any substance is atom.There exists electropositive atomic nucleus and electronegative
electron inside the atom.The quantity of nucleus is the same as electron,so which makes the positive electricity
counteract the negative electricity and causes atom to be neutral.If the substance is influenced for friction or
magnetic field,this balance will be broken.So the electron will increase or decrease because of moving.At that time,
the substance has electric charge because the atom is not neutral.The electric charge of substance has the
relationship with the increasing and decreasing of atom.When the atom increases,the substance will be electronegative.
When the atom decreases,the substance will have positive electricity.
Electric charge moves regularly in conductor along a stated direction,which is called electric current.The quantity
of electric charge per second is used to scale the strength of electric current.In electrics,we use I to stand for electric
current.Its strength unit is Amp(A).Normally,the stated direction of electric current is from the anode of battery to the
cathode.
There is an interaction force between electric charge.In order to make electric charge move,such force must be
overcome. When moving the positive charge,the work for conquering the force between electric charge is called
potential.The differential potential between any two points is called voltage.We use U to stand for and its unit is V.
When electric current flows in a substance,the substance will produce a resistance,which is called electric
resistance.We use R to stand for,its unit is Ω.Different substance has different resistance.For example,the resistance
of copper,iron,aluminium is small,which is called conductor.However,the resistance of wood,china,plastic is big,
which is called dielectric.Also,there are some other substances,such as silicon,whose electric performance is between
conductor and dielectric,which is called semiconductor.
2 Ohm's Law
Ohm's law indicates the relationship among voltage,resistance and electric current.Viz.Electric current(I) and
voltage(U) have direct proportion and electric current(I) and resistance(R) have inverse proportion.Its formula is I=U/
R：Also,U=IR ，R=U/I.
3 Electric apparatus,direct current(DC),alternating current(AC) and electrical source
Electric apparatus is usually called load,which is an equipment that can consume electric power and transfer the
power to other kind of power.
The device which offers power to electric apparatus is called electrical source or power supply.
The electric current what electrical source offers to electric equipment has two types:One type whose intensity and
direction don't change according to the change of time is called direct current(DC).The other one whose intensity
and direction change periodically according to the change of time is called alternating current(AC).
4 Circuit、series circuit and parallel circuit
The closed circuit which is made up of electrical source,electric apparatus and connecting lead is called circuit.The
circuit is divided into two basic types:series circuit and parallel circuit.In series circuit,several electric apparatuses
connect with each other and there is no cut in the middle.At this time,the electric current which is through each
electric apparatus is the same.But in parallel circuit,the beginning and the end of each equipment connects between
the two points and the voltage of two end is the same.In the complicated circuit of motorcycle,both series circuit and
parallel circuit coexist.
5 Short circuit and open circuit
In a normal circuit,if two leads,of which electrical source passes electric apparatus,don 't pass electric appara-
tus and connect with each other,which is called short circuit.In the circuit which is made up of electrical source,electric
apparatus and connecting lead,because of the cut of lead,it makes electric current not form a closed circuit,which is
called open circuit.
6 Left-hand rule and right-hand rule
In the magnetic field which can produce electromagnetism induction,stretch out the left hand,make palm flat,
make thumb plumb the other four fingers,let magnetic line plumb and get through the center of palm and make four
fingers towards the direction of electric current.At this time,the direction which thumb points to is the direction of
magnetic field power,which is called left-hand rule.
Unwind the thumb of right hand,hold coil along the direction of electric current with the other four fingers.At this
time,the direction which the thumb points to is the direction of magnetic wire which coil produces magnetic field,
which is called right-hand rule.
Electrical system is an important part of motorcycle.Its structure and function directly influence the performance and riding
comfort of motorcycle.The electric system is divided into three parts:power supply,control and power consumption.Because the
ignition system of electrical system is the core of motorcycle,it is described in the engine part.During the common usage,you
should maintain the electrical system frequently.The common trouble of electrical system of motorcycle can be looked up
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through the circuit diagram,so the circuit diagram is attached both in user 's manual and mainienace manua.
CHAPTER 4 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Part 1 Basic Knowledge
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