Page 1 Operator’s Manual LeCroy LC Series Color Digital Oscilloscopes Revision K — December 1999...
Page 2 Tel: (41) 22 719 21 11, Fax: (41) 22 782 39 15 Internet: www.lecroy.com Copyright © January 1999, LeCroy. All rights reserved. Information in this publication supersedes all earlier versions. Specifications subject to change. LeCroy, ProBus and SMART Trigger are registered trademarks of LeCroy Corporation. Centronics is a registered trademark of Data Computer Corp.
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Page 7 Products not made by LeCroy are covered solely by the warranty of the original equipment manufacturer. Under the LeCroy warranty, LeCroy will repair or, at its option, replace any product returned within the warranty period to a LeCroy authorized service center. However, this will be done only...
Page 8 Outside the warranty period, you will need to provide us with a purchase order number before we can repair your LeCroy product. You will be billed for parts and labor related to the repair work, and for shipping.
Page 9 Contact the nearest LeCroy Service Center or office to find out where to return the product. All returned products should be identified by model and serial number. You should describe the defect or failure, and provide your name and contact number. In the case of a product returned to the factory, a Return Authorization Number (RAN) should be used.
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Page 11 Each of the four channels of a LeCroy LC Color Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) has one or more 8-bit Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs). Combine channels by interleaving ADCs to substantially increase instrument’s acquisition memory and sampling rate. The central processing unit (CPU), a PowerPC microprocessor, performs the oscilloscope’s computations and controls its...
Page 12 Repetitive signals can be acquired and stored at a Random Interleaved Sampling (RIS) rate of 10 GS/s for all models except , whose RIS rate is 25 GS/s. LC564, LC584, LC684 S ERIES Moreover, this advanced digitizing technique enables measurement of repetitive signals with an effective sampling interval of 100 ps, or 40 ps for LC564, LC584, LC684 S ERIES...
Page 13 The Analog Persistence function offers display attributes of an analog instrument with all the advantages of digital technology. The Full Screen function expands waveform grids to fill the entire screen. See Chapter 11. A hard copy of the screen can be easily produced at any time by pressing the front-panel screen-dump button (see Chapter 12).
Page 14 Optional Storage Devices Sample Peak Fast 8-Bit ADC(s) & Hold Detect Memory Floppy Disk Interface Fast Sample Peak 8-Bit ADC(s) Memory Centronics & Hold Detect RS-232-C External Trigger Trigger GPIB Timebase Logic Power PC Microprocessor with Integrated Cache Memory Sample Peak Fast 8-Bit ADC(s)
Page 15 Optional Storage Devices Sample Fast 8-Bit ADC memory & Hold Floppy Disk Interface Sample Fast 8-Bit ADC Centronics memory & Hold RS-232-C External Trigger Trigger GPIB Timebase Logic Power PC Microprocessor with Integrated Cache Memory Fast Sample 8-Bit ADC & Hold memory Front-Panel Processor...
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Page 17 Ensure that the operating environment is maintained within the following parameters for safe operation of the oscilloscope within specifications: Temperature ......5 to 40 C (41 to 104 F) Humidity........80% RH (non-condensing) Altitude........2000 m (6560 ft) Operation.........indoor use only The oscilloscope has been qualified to the following EN 61010-1 categories: Installation (Overvoltage) Category.....
Page 18 The oscilloscope has not been designed to make direct measurements on the human body. Users who connect a LeCroy oscilloscope directly to a person do so at their own risk. The oscilloscope operates from a 115 V (90 to 132 V) or 230 V (180 to 250 V) AC (~) power source at 45 to 66 Hz.
Page 19 Maintenance and repairs should be carried out exclusively by a LeCroy technician (see Chapter 1). Cleaning should be limited to the exterior of the instrument only, using a damp, soft cloth. Do not use chemicals or abrasive elements.
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Page 22 The front-panel controls are divided into four main groups of buttons and knobs: SYSTEM SETUP CHANNELS TIMEBASE + TRIGGER ZOOM + MATH Other buttons access special features. Dark gray menu entry buttons (also present in other groups of controls) provide access to the main on-screen menus and the instrument’s acquisition, processing, and display modes.
Page 23 On-screen menus — the panels along the right-hand side of the screen — are used to select specific scope actions and settings. All other on-screen text is for information only. The menus are broadly grouped according to function. The name of each menu group is shown at the top of the column of menus.
Page 24 The activated selection is highlighted in the menu. Press the corresponding menu button and the field will advance to highlight and select the next item on the menu. However, if there is only one item on a menu, pressing its button will have no effect. Where a menu is associated with one of the two menu knobs, turning this knob in one direction or the other will cause the selector to move up or down the menu list.
Page 25 Besides the menu buttons and knobs described on the previous pages, the SYSTEM SETUP controls include the menu entry buttons and others for copying displays, reporting instrument status, restarting multiple- acquisition operations. is used to go back to the preceding displayed menu group. Or it returns the display to a higher-level, or primary menu.
Page 26 gives you access to the “CURSORS” setup menus, which are used to make precise cursor measurements on traces, and the “MEASURE” menus, which are used for precise parameter measurements and pass/fail testing (Chapter 14). gives you access to the “PANEL SETUPS” menus, which are used for saving and recalling an instrument configuration (Chapter 13).
Page 27 Press the blue AUTO SETUP button to automatically scale the timebase, trigger level, offset, and volts/div to provide a stable display of repetitive signals. This button operates only on active channels. If no channels are switched on, and no signals are detected, AUTO SETUP will operate on all channels, switching all of them on.
Page 28 The grid area of the screen and the fields surrounding it provide a variety of useful information, and specific commands and functions. ISSUED: December 1999 LCXXX-OM-E Rev K...
Page 29 Real-Time Clock: Powered by a battery-backed real-time clock, this field displays the current date and time. Displayed Trace Label: This field indicates each channel or channel displayed, the time/div and volts/div settings, and cursor readings where appropriate. It indicates the acquisition parameters set when the trace was captured or processed, whereas the Acquisition Summary field (see below) indicates the current setting.
Page 30 Trace and Ground Level: This is the trace number and ground- level marker. Time and Frequency: This area displays the time and frequency relative to cursors below the grid. For example, when the ( not shown ) absolute time cursor (the cross-hair) is activated by selecting it from the “MEASURE”...
Page 31 These controls let you select displayed traces adjust vertical sensitivity and offset. Press these buttons to display or switch off the corresponding channel trace. When a channel is switched on, OFFSET VOLTS/DIV controls are assigned to this, the active channel. These buttons assign all vertical controls to channel,...
Page 32 The format of the vertical sensitivity in the Acquisition Summary field (bottom left of screen) shows whether the VOLTS/DIV knob is operating in continuous or stepping mode. This menu entry button accesses the “Coupling” menus (see next section). ISSUED: December 1999 LCXXX-OM-E Rev K...
Page 33 Press to select a coupling level that adapts the oscilloscope’s input impedance to the impedance of the device under test. This button also accesses the menus that let you select the coupling and grounding of each input channel ECL or TTL gain, offset, and coupling that have been preset for the channel shown bandwidth limit for all channels probe attenuation of each input channel...
Page 34 “BWL” if the Global BWL is deactivated. See Chapter 12, “Special Modes.” This function sets the probe attenuation for the input channel. (See the following section for probe details.) In the AC position signals are coupled capacitively, thus blocking the input signal’s DC component and limiting signal frequencies below 10 Hz.
Page 35 LeCroy’s ProBus system provides a complete measurement solution from probe tip to oscilloscope display. This intelligent interconnection between LeCroy oscilloscopes and a wide range of accessories is achieved using a bus that follows Philips’ I LCXXX-OM-E Rev K Ã...
Page 36 ProBus offers important advantages over standard BNC and probe-ring connections. Illustrated at right: a LeCroy For example, the system ensures current probe with ProBus correct input coupling by auto- connection. sensing the probe type, thus eliminating the guesswork and...
Page 37 channel, it appears as “BWL” if the Global BWL is deactivated. See Chapter 12, “Special Modes.” When a FET probe is used, “Probe sensed…” appears automatically. When other ProBus probes are used, this is redefined. # # # LCXXX-OM-E Rev K Ã...
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Page 39 These controls let you adjust time/division, trigger level and delay; and to access the “TIMEBASE” and “TRIGGER” menu groups. See Chapter 7 for descriptions of the Timebase Modes that are affected by these controls. See Chapter 8 for trigger details. This button halts...
Page 40 Press this button to place the instrument in Auto Mode: the scope automatically displays the signal if no trigger quickly occurs. If a trigger does occur within this time, the oscilloscope behaves as in Normal Mode. If you press AUTO in RIS Mode, the instrument ends the acquisition and displays it each second (some required segments may be missing).
Page 41 Press this button to place the instrument in Single-Shot Mode, where it waits for a single trigger to occur, then displays the signal and stops acquiring. If no trigger occurs, you can press the button again to see the signal without a trigger. If you press SINGLE in RIS Mode, the instrument waits for all the trigger events needed to build one signal before it stops.
Page 42 This menu entry button calls up the “TIMEBASE” menus (described in the next chapter). This menu entry button calls up “TRIGGER SETUP” menus (described in Chapter 8). # # # ISSUED: December 1999 LCXXX-OM-E Rev K...
Page 43 Depending on the timebase, you may choose from three sampling modes: Single-Shot, RIS (Random Interleaved Sampling), or Roll mode. Furthermore, for timebases suitable for Single-Shot or Roll mode, the acquisition memory can be subdivided into user- defined segments to give Sequence mode. Single-Shot is the digital storage oscilloscope’s basic acquisition method.
Page 44 With slow timebases, sample rate decreases and very short events such as glitches can be missed if they occur between samples. To avoid this special circuitry called Peak Detect can capture the signal envelope to a resolution of 2.5 ns. This does not, however, destroy underlying simultaneously captured data on which advanced processing can still be performed.
Page 45 On average, 104 trigger events are needed to complete an RIS acquisition. But sometimes many more are needed. These segments are interleaved to provide a waveform that covers a time interval that is a multiple of the maximum single-shot sampling rate. However, the real-time interval over which the waveform data are collected is much longer, and depends on the trigger rate and the desired level of interleaving.
Page 46 Trigger time stamps are given for each of the segments, using the “Text & Times Status” menu (see Chapter 16). Each individual segment can be zoomed or used as input to math functions (see Chapter 10). The timebase setting in Sequence mode is used to determine the acquisition duration of each segment: 10 x time/div.
Page 47 For fast timebases, interleaving of the oscilloscope’s ADCs by the combining of channels greatly boosts both sample rate and memory length. Depending on your scope model, a pair of channels can be combined on channel 2 or 3, with channels 1 and 4 disabled or available only for triggering (see Note).
Page 48 Press to choose Single-Shot, RIS. or Sequence modes to combine channels and increase sample rate and record length on most models; or use Peak Detect and the external clock, where available. “TIMEBASE” indicates the number of points acquired, sample rate, and total time span.
Page 49 Use this feature to select the maximum number of samples to be acquired, using the associated menu knob. See Appendix A for model maximums. Use this feature to select one of the two principal modes of acquisition: Single Shot displays data collected during successive single-shot acquisitions from the input channels.
Page 50 These menus appear when an external clock mode (ECL, OV, TTL) is chosen from “Sample Clock”. This menu is inactive when the external sample clock is being used. Single-Shot is selected by default. This feature selects a description of the signal applied to the EXT BNC connector for the standard sample clock up to 100 MHz.
Page 51 This menu is inactive when AN external sample clock is being used. Single-Shot is selected by default. This feature selects the External clock mode. “External” specifies that the DC to 500 MHz external clock, which is connected to the instrument through the rear panel, is to be used as the sample clock. The rising edge of the signal clocks the ADCs.
Page 52 This is used for Sequence mode. This menu is inactive when Sequence mode is being used. Single-Shot is selected by default. (OPTIONAL ON LC564 AND LC584 SERIES) Use this feature to select Internal or external (ECL, OV, TTL) clock modes (see page 7–8 or 7–9). : This feature LC334, LC374, LC534, LC574 LC684 S...
Page 53 In Sequence mode, pressing each of the TIMEBASE + TRIGGER buttons mentioned here has particular effects on the acquisition. When you press , the oscilloscope fills the chosen number of segments and then stops the acquisition. However, it will not stop until you press if there are not enough trigger events to fill the segments.
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Page 55 Your oscilloscope offers many distinctive and useful techniques for triggering on, and capturing, data. These range from simple edge trigger to the advanced, multiple- input SMART Trigger®. Three triggering modes are available: AUTO, NORMAL, and SINGLE. Additionally, STOP lets you cancel the acquisition process at any time.
Page 56 A variety of triggers for specific applications can be chosen from the two main trigger groups, Edge and SMART Trigger. In the Edge group of menus, trigger conditions are defined by the vertical trigger level, coupling, and slope. Edge triggers use relatively simple selection criteria to characterize a signal.
Page 57 Selecting “Edge” and its menus (Fig. 8–2) causes the scope to trigger whenever the selected signal source meets the trigger conditions. The trigger source is defined by the trigger level, coupling, slope or hold-off. Certain of these basic conditions applicable for SMART Trigger are also selected in “Edge”...
Page 58 The trigger source may be one of the following: The acquisition channel signal (CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 or CH 4) conditioned for the overall voltage gain, coupling, and bandwidth. The line voltage that powers the oscilloscope (LINE). This can be used to provide a stable display of signals synchronous with the power line.
Page 59 This is the particular type of signal coupling at the input of the trigger circuit. As with the trigger level, the coupling can be independently selected for each source. Thus, changing the trigger source can change the coupling. The types of coupling that you can select are: DC: All the signal’s frequency components are coupled to the trigger circuit for high-frequency bursts, or where the use of AC...
Page 60 This is the minimum time between triggers (Fig. 8–3). A trigger is generated when the trigger condition is met after the selected hold-off delay from the last trigger. The timing for the delay is initialized and started on each trigger. Trigger Source: Positive Slope Trigger Trigger...
Page 61 Hold-off by events is initialized and started on each trigger (Fig. 8–4). A trigger is generated when the trigger condition is met after the selected number of events from the last trigger. An event is defined as the number of times the trigger condition is met after the last trigger.
Page 62 The Window Trigger (Fig. 8–5) allows the definition of a window region whose boundaries extend above and below the selected trigger level. A trigger event occurs when the signal leaves this window region in either direction and passes into the upper or lower region. The next trigger will occur if the signal again passes into the window region.
Page 63 SMART Trigger types allow additional qualifications before a trigger is generated. Depending on the oscilloscope model, it may include triggers adapted for glitches, intervals, abnormal signals, TV signals, state- or edge-qualified events, dropouts, patterns, “runts,” and slew rate. Generally, a glitch is a pulse that is much faster than the observed waveform.
Page 64 Digital electronics circuits normally use an internal clock. For testing purposes a glitch can be defined as any pulse of width smaller than the clock period or half-period. Glitch Trigger has a broad range of applications in digital and analog electronic development, ATE, EMI, telecommunications, and magnetic media studies.
Page 65 Selecting “Glitch” and setting width conditions can also enable the exclusion of events that fall in or out of a selected range of width. This is an exclusion trigger (Fig. 8–8). Only pulses outside (less-than-or-equal-to or greater-than-or-equal-to) this range will generate a trigger event.
Page 66 Whereas Glitch Trigger performs over the width of a pulse, Interval Trigger (Fig. 8–9) performs over the width of an interval. An interval corresponds to a the signal duration (the period) separating two consecutive edges of the same polarity: positive to positive edge;...
Page 67 For this Interval Trigger, generated on a time interval smaller than the one selected, a maximum interval between two like edges of the same slope — positive, for example — is chosen (Fig. 8–10). The trigger is generated on the second (positive) edge if it occurs within the selected interval.
Page 68 For this Interval Trigger, generated on an interval larger than the one selected, a minimum interval between two edges of the same slope is selected (Fig. 8–11). The trigger is generated on the second edge if it occurs after the selected interval. The timing for the interval is initialized and restarted whenever the selected edge occurs.
Page 69 This Interval Trigger is generated whenever an interval between two edges of the same slope falls within a selected range (Fig. 8–12). The timing for the interval is initialized and restarted whenever the selected edge occurs. Intervals of between 10 ns and 20 s (2 ns and 20 s for the LC564, LC584, LC684 ) can be selected.
Page 70 This Interval Trigger is generated whenever an interval between two edges of the same slope falls outside a selected range (Fig. 8–13). The trigger is generated on the second edge if it occurs after the selected interval range. The timing for the interval is initialized and restarted whenever the selected edge occurs.
Page 71 Pattern Trigger (Fig. 8–14) enables triggering on a logical combination of the five inputs CH 1, CH 2, CH 3, CH 4 and EXT. This combination, called a pattern, is defined as the logical AND of trigger states. A trigger state is either high or low: high when a trigger source is greater than the trigger level (threshold) and low when less than it (Fig.
Page 72 Pattern Trigger can be used in digital design for the testing of complex logic inputs or data transmission buses. Threshold High CH 1 High Threshold CH 2 Pattern 1H*2L Generated Trigger (Pattern Entering) Generated Trigger (Pattern Exiting) Figure 8–15. Pattern Trigger: triggers when all pattern conditions are met. Bold, upward-pointing arrows show where triggers occur.
Page 73 Once the pattern is defined, one of two transitions can be used to generate the trigger. When the pattern begins, called entering the pattern, a trigger can be generated. Alternatively, a trigger can be generated when the pattern ends, called exiting the pattern. With pattern triggering, as in single source, either of these qualifications can be selected: Hold-off for 10 ns up to 20 s (2 ns–...
Page 74 In the case of Qualified Triggers (Fig. 8–16), a signal’s transition above or below a given level — its validation — serves as an enabling (qualifying) condition for a second signal that is the source of the trigger. Two Qualified Triggers are available: State-Qualified, where the amplitude of the first signal must remain in the desired state until the trigger occurs;...
Page 75 Qualified Triggers offer the choice of generating a trigger when a selected pattern is present or absent. As with Pattern Trigger, the pattern is defined as a logical AND combination of trigger states that are high or low: high when a trigger source is greater than the selected trigger level;...
Page 76 Trigger Source: Positive Slope Qualifier: Pattern Present Trigger can occur Wait Wait Generated Trigger Figure 8–17. State-Qualified by Wait: Trigger after timeout. The broken upward-pointing arrows indicate potential triggers, while the bold arrows show where the actual triggers occurs. As the above figure illustrates, a trigger is generated on a rising edge whenever the pattern is asserted (pattern present) and the wait timeout has expired.
Page 77 Like its State-Qualified equivalent, Edge-Qualified with Wait (Fig. 8–18) is conditioned by either Time or Events: Time determines a delay from the start of the desired pattern. After the delay (timeout) and before the end of the pattern, a trigger can occur.
Page 78 intended to be used exclusively in Sequence Mode to speed up the trigger rate. With Qualified First, a single valid trigger is sufficient to acquire a full sequence. Other than in Sequence Mode, Qualified First is identical to the Qualified Triggers. Qual First Edge, State qualifier Trigger on...
Page 79: Qualified First Trigger
(Edge-)Qualified Trigger Qualifier Trigger Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment N Qualified First Trigger Qualifier Trigger Segment 2 Segment N Segment 1 Figure 20. Comparing Qualified (top) and Qualified First (bottom) Triggers. Whereas the (Edge-) Qualified Trigger requires that each of the segments be “qualified” by a valid condition in Sequence Mode, Qualified First Trigger needs only a single valid condition to qualify a full sequence of segments.
Page 80 A special kind of Edge-Qualified Trigger, TV Trigger (Fig. 8–21) allows stable triggering on standard or user-defined composite video signals, on a specific line of a numerically odd or even field. TV Trigger can be used on PAL, SECAM, or NTSC systems.
Page 81 Because most TV systems have more than two fields, the enhanced field-counting capability (FIELDLOCK) allows the oscilloscope to trigger consistently on a chosen line within a field of the signal. The field-numbering system is relative, in that the oscilloscope cannot distinguish between fields 1, 3, 5, or 7 (or 2, 4, 6, or 8) in an absolute way.
Page 82 Dropout Trigger (Fig. 8–22 ) provides triggering whenever the signal disappears for a set period of time. The trigger is generated at the end of the time-out period following the “last” trigger-source transition, as shown in the figure on the next page ( Fig.
Page 83: Trigger Source
Trigger Source Trigger can occur Wait Wait Time-out Time-out Generated Trigger Figure 8–23. Dropout Trigger: occurs when the time-out has expired. The bold upward-pointing arrows show where the trigger occurs. This Dropout Trigger example shows a wait time-out of 25 ns. LCXXX-OM-E Rev K ISSUED: December 1999...
Page 84 The Runt Trigger ( Fig. 8–24 ) is programmed to occur when a pulse crosses a first threshold line and fails to cross a second threshold line before re-crossing the first (Fig. 8–25). You can select both thresholds within a range of 600 ps to 20 s. Other defining conditions for this trigger are the edge (triggers on the slope opposite to that selected) and the runt width.
Page 85 Upper Threshold Level Trigger Source Lower Threshold Level Generated Trigger (Positive Slope) Generated Trigger (Negative Slope) Figure 8–25. Runt Trigger: triggers when a pulse crosses the first threshold but not the second before re-crossing the first — marked by the bold, upward-pointing arrows. This example sows a positive edge (“Neg”...
Page 86 Slew Rate Trigger (Fig. 8–26) activates a trigger when the rising or falling edge of a pulse crosses two threshold levels: an upper and a lower level (Fig. 8–27). The pulse edge must cross the thresholds faster or slower than a selected period of time. You can select both thresholds within a range of 600 ps to 20 s.
Page 87 Trigger Source Upper Threshold Level Lower Threshold Level Generated Trigger Figure 8–27. Slew Rate Trigger: occurs when a rising or falling edge crosses two thresholds (dV) outside a selected time range (dT), marked by the bold, upward-pointing arrow. This Slew Rate example is the same as the Edge Trigger symbol, but shows lower (0.556 V) and upper (188 m) threshold levels, and a time range ( 73.6 ns).
Page 88 Press to access selection of: Trigger source, Coupling for each source, Slope (positive or negative), and Hold-off by time or events. Use this to select Edge (for an explanation of Edge Trigger, refer to page 8–3). This selects the trigger source. This selects the trigger coupling for the current source.
Page 89 Press to access the various SMART Trigger types: Glitch (see page 8-36) Exclusion (see page 8-36) Interval (see page 8–38) TV (see page 8–39) State- and Edge-Qualified (see pages 8–40, 8–41) Dropout (see page 8–42) Pattern (see page 8-43) Qual First (see page 8-44) Runt —...
Page 90 Use this to select Glitch (for an explanation of Glitch Trigger, refer to page 8– 9 ). Exclusion Trigger is also set using these menus — refer to page 8–11. Use this to select the trigger source. Use this to select the trigger coupling. HF coupling is not available. Use this to define the test on either Pos-itive or Neg-ative pulses.
Page 91 When Pattern is selected from “trigger on” in Glitch mode (and also in Interval mode — see next page), the instrument triggers on the logic AND of up to five sources. Use this to select Glitch (for an explanation of Glitch Trigger, refer to page 8–9).
Page 92 Use this to select Interval ( for an explanation of Interval Trigger, refer to page 8–12 ). Use this to select the trigger source. When Pattern is selected, the instrument triggers on the logic AND of up to five sources, and displays menus as in Glitch-Pattern mode (see previous page).
Page 93 Use this to select TV ( for an explanation of TV Trigger, refer to page 8–26 ). Use this to select the trigger source. Use this to define the field number: odd or even. Use this to select Standard or Custom TV decoding. When Standard is chosen, this selects “625/50/2:1”...
Page 94 Use this to select Qualified (for an explanation of State-Qualified Trigger, refer to page 8–21). Use this to select State. Use this to select the trigger source. Other conditions for this source, such as slope and hold-off, may be set up using Edge Trigger (see page 8–34).
Page 95 Use this to select the Qualified trigger type (for an explanation of Edge-Qualified Trigger, refer to page 8–23). Use this to select Edge. Use this to select the trigger source. Other conditions for this source, such as slope and hold-off, may be set up using Edge Trigger (see page 8–34).
Page 96 Use this to select Dropout (for an explanation of Dropout Trigger, refer to page 8–42). Use this to select the trigger source . Use this to define whether the measurement starts on a Positive or Negative slope of the trigger signal. For defining the time-out value in the range 25 ns to 20 s (2 ns to 20 s for the LC564, LC584, LC684 S...
Page 97 Use this to select Pattern (for an explanation of Pattern Trigger, refer to page 8–17). Use this to select Entering for the instrument to trigger when the pattern starts being true , and Exiting for triggering when it stops being true . Use this to select the channel to be modified using the lower menus’...
Page 98 Use this to select Qual First (for an explanation of Qualified First Trigger, refer to page 8–24). Use this to select Edge or State. Use this to select the trigger source. Other conditions for this source, such as slope and hold-off, may be set up using Edge Trigger (see page 8–34).
Page 99 4 , AND LC684 To select Runt (for an explanation of Runt Trigger, refer to page 8–30). Use this to select the trigger source. Use this to select the trigger coupling. HF coupling is not available. Use this to select and set the three defining conditions for the Runt Trigger: When Level is selected (not shown at left), these menus appear: Use this to set the level of the upper threshold through which...
Page 100 4 , AND LC684 Use this to select Slew Rate (for an explanation of Slew Rate Trigger, refer to page 8–32). Use this to select the trigger source. Use this to select the trigger coupling. Use this to select and set the three defining conditions for the Slew Rate Trigger: When dV is selected (not shown at left), the following menus appear: Use this to select the level of the upper threshold.
Page 101 A wide range of Zoom and Mathematical processing functions (detailed in the next chapter) can be performed on acquired waveforms with the controls described here. Four processed traces are available for normal zooming or for waveform mathematics. Any one of traces A, B, C or D can be set up to zoom another of these, or another trace...
Page 102 POSITION knob repositions zoomed traces horizontally . If the source of the expanded waveform is displayed, an intensified region corresponding to the area of expansion is shown. Whereas the vertically repositions the active trace. knob horizontall y expands or contracts the active trace.
Page 103 You can zoom several traces from a single waveform to obtain precise timing measurements. For instance, on a waveform composed of two pulses separated by a long delay, Trace A could be made a zoom of the first pulse, and Trace B a zoom of the second. The combination of long memory and zoom capability allows extremely accurate measurements of time intervals.
Page 104 A wide range of standard or optional mathematical and waveform processing functions is available on LC Series Descriptions of the Setup oscilloscopes. Not all functions are described here. Those menu’s zoom, math, and such as Histogram, Trend, and Correlate are described in waveform processing their dedicated Operator’s Manuals, if these functions are...
Page 105 The weight of ‘old’ waveforms in the continuous average tends to zero (following an exponential rule) at a rate that decreases as the weight increases. Summed Averaging is the repeated addition (with equal weight) of successive source waveform records. If a stable trigger is available, the resulting average has a random noise component lower than that of a single-shot record.
Page 106 When the selected maximum number of sweeps is reached, the accumulation stops. You can interrupt the same process by changing the trigger mode from Normal to Stopped or by turning off the function trace. Accumulation will continue if you do the opposite.
Page 107 You can apply waveform mathematics to any channel or reference memory. Furthermore, any trace of A, B, C, or D can be set up as a math function, allowing several computations to be made in sequence. For example: Trace A could be set up as the difference between Channels 1 and 2, Trace B as the average of A, and Trace C the integral of B.
Page 108 Press to configure any of the four traces and to execute any zoom or math function using the “ZOOM + MATH” menus. Any trace and function can be chained to another trace and function (not all functions shown may be available on your oscilloscope). Trace A, for example, could be made an average of CH 1, Trace B an FFT of A, and Trace C a zoom of B.
Page 109 This appears when “REDEFINE A” (for example) is selected from the “ZOOM + MATH” menus. This is for toggling between No (Zoom only) and Yes (Math functions) setups. This selects the source trace to be zoomed. LCXXX-OM-E Rev K ISSUED: November 1999...
Page 110 This appears when “ZOOM and Auto-Scroll” is selected from the ZOOM + MATH menu group. MULTI-ZOOM unifies the control of all zoom traces, while AUTO-SCROLL moves the zoom trace (or traces) across the referenced trace. When Off is selected, only the active zoom trace is controlled. When On is selected, all displayed zoom traces (A,B,C,D) are automatically controlled at the same time with Auto Scroll, and manually with the horizontal ZOOM and POSITION knobs.
Page 111 — allows addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, as well as choice of the two operands and the operator. The example on this page shows a setup of trace A as the sum of Channels 1 and 2. Select Yes to enable the choice of a math function. Use this submenu to select Arithmetic.
Page 112 This feature offers Summed (Linear) or Continuous (Exponential) Averaging. Shown here is an example setup of trace A as a Summed Average (over 1000 sweeps) of Channel 1. (See also page 10–2.) Select Yes to enable the choice of a math function. Use this submenu to select a specific math function (Average in this case).
Page 113 This lets you select low-pass digital filters that increase the resolution of the displayed signal at the expense of its bandwidth. (See Appendix B for a detailed explanation . ) These digital filters work very much like analog bandwidth-limit filters. In Single-Shot mode, they and the sampling speed affect bandwidth.
Page 114 This is used for acquiring a trace envelope over many acquisitions (see also page 10–3). Select Yes to enable the choice of a math function. Use this submenu to select Extrema. Use this submenu to select either Envelope, Floor, or Roof. Floor shows only the lower, and Roof only the upper part of the envelope.
Page 115 This is used to display the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of a signal and to view it in the frequency domain. (See the final section of this chapter, and Appendix C, for when and how to use FFT . ) Select Yes to enable the choice of a math function.
Page 116 This is used for displaying the FFT power averaging of an FFT source trace. Power averaging is useful for characterizing broadband noise or periodic signals without a stable trigger signal. Total power — signal and noise — is measured at each frequency. The source trace must be an FFT function.
Page 117 This gives you access to a variety of Math display functions. Select Yes to enable the choice of a math function. Use this submenu to select Functions. Use this submenu to select a function type from: Absolute value Log 10 (base 10) Derivative Negation Exp (base e)
Page 118 This deskew feature allows a signal on one channel to be resampled, and adjusted in time relative to a signal on another channel. It is valuable wherever there is the need to compensate for different lengths of cables, probes or other factors causing timing mismatches.
Page 119 This is used for selecting a waveform and adjusting a (the multiplication factor) and b (the additive constant) in the formula: ( a waveform) + b , where both constants can have values ranging between 10 Select Yes to enable the choice of a math function. Use this submenu to select Rescale.
Page 120 The FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) converts a time domain waveform into frequency domain spectra similar to those of an RF spectrum analyzer display. But unlike the analyzer, which has controls for span and resolution bandwidth, FFT span is determined by sampling rate, while resolution bandwidth is inversely proportional to record length.
Page 121 Similarly, if the source waveform is a zoom trace, the frequency resolution is the reciprocal of the displayed waveform’s duration. The frequency span of the FFT is called the Nyquist frequency and is related to the sampling frequency of the time domain waveform.
Page 122 The constant K in the illustration includes the decimation factor described above, as well as automatic display scaling factors. This scaling is required to ensure that the FFT’s horizontal display scale falls into a 1,2, or 5 factor. In essence, the oscilloscope automatically adjusts the span (and hence the FFT transform size) to account for the user-entered “max points for math”...
Page 123 To achieve a desired FFT span, first make sure that the sampling rate is more than twice the span desired. Control the sampling rate using the TIME/DIV knob and set the acquisition memory length with the “TIMEBASE” menu. The sampling rate can be further adjusted by limiting the number of points in the “for Math use max points”...
Page 124 The example illustrated below shows how the oscilloscope maintains the display factor. A sampling rate of 25 MS/s would result in a full scale range of 12.5 MHz or 1.25 MHz/div. To maintain a display scale factor of 1, 2, or 5, it decimates the acquired waveform calculates...
Page 125 The large display reveals the complete picture with advanced color management. Colors are used to give on- screen objects added depth and distinctness, and to clarify their relationships. The display is intelligent as well as powerful. Color and intensity are managed automatically in real time by a hardware-supported system that has the added advantage of very low software- overhead.
Page 126 The Advanced Color Management System ensures that both the objects and the relationships between them are always clearly visible — even when the objects overlap. Objects include: Waveforms, including envelopes and intensified regions Grids Parameter Measurements Cursors Status Information Color management of the background plays an important role in bringing out the links and differences between displayed objects.
Page 127 Coupling menus are trace-colored, and Math Setup menu sources have their own color as well. Selection of the Opaque presentation of overlapping waveforms places one on top of another in normal, non-transparent layers. You can also select the order in which traces appear (see below). However, when Transparent is chosen and overlap mixing is used, those areas of the waveforms that overlap will automatically change color while grid intensity remains constant.
Page 128 White Dark Cyan Ocean Spray Fuchsia Cyan Cream Ice Blue Raspberry Yellow Sand Pastel Blue Neon Pink Green Amber Pale Blue Pale Pink Magenta Olive Sky Blue Pink Blue Light Green Royal Blue Vermilion Jade Deep Blue Orange Light Gray Lime Green Navy Cerise...
Page 129 The time needed to process the previous acquisition limits DSO speed. LeCroy’s unique Analog Persistence offers the advantages of analog display in a DSO. The display looks like an analog display and is fast. But it provides the data manipulation, flexibility, and statistical analysis only found in a digital instrument.
Page 130 In addition, Analog Persistence provides user-definable, post- acquisition saturation control of the maps, allowing detail to be easily drawn out of the display. When Analog Persistence is selected, each channel and its associated persistence data map are assigned a single color (whereas the related Color Graded persistence function renders the maps in different colors in the red–to–violet spectrum).
Page 131 Press to access the DISPLAY SETUP menus (see page 11–13 ) and to select from “Standard” or “XY” mode and grids Persistence Dot Join “Single” (1), “Dual” (2), “Quad” (4), or “Octal” (8) grids Display and grid intensities “More Display Setup” menus Standard display (menus on page 11–13) allows presentation of source waveforms versus time (or versus frequency for FFTs).
Page 132 Grid styles, examples of which are shown on the following pages, offer a variety of ways to view one or more traces in either Standard or XY display. As many as eight traces and grids can be displayed in Standard mode using the “Octal” grid selection (see page 11–12).
Page 133 Standard Display — Dual, Quad Grid LCXXX-OM-E Rev K ISSUED: December 1999...
Page 134 Parameter Display — Quad Grid — Full-Screen Mode: trace information normally contained in the trace labels is arranged beneath the grid in Full Screen Pressing expands the grid display to fill the entire screen. Pressing this button again returns the grid to its normal size.
Page 135 XY Display grids — XY (left), and XY + Dual (below LCXXX-OM-E Rev K ISSUED: December 1999...
Page 136 You can display as many as eight traces at the same time with their respective trace labels and any combination of math, zoom, and memories. When “Octal” is selected from the “Standard” “Grids” menu (see next page), eight separate grids are made available. When more than four traces are displayed in Single-, Dual- or Quad-grid style, the accompanying trace labels become smaller so that as many as eight labels can be shown.
Page 137 With Standard selected, these menus become accessible: This is for activating Persistence (see next menu). Its functioning is coupled to the ANALOG PERSIST button. This is used to select Dot Join ON — connecting the sample points with a line segment — or OFF, when only the sample points are displayed when there are less than 400 points on the screen.
Page 138 With both Standard and “Persistence” On selected in the first menu, these menus appear: This is for activating Persistence. When On, this can be cleared and reset by pressing the CLEAR SWEEPS button or by changing any acquisition condition or waveform processing condition. This menu button toggles with the ANALOG PERSIST button.
Page 139 These menus appear when Persistence Setup is selected from DISPLAY SETUP. Select On to show the last acquired trace. This is for selecting the persistence duration, in seconds. The number of sweeps accumulated (up to one million) is displayed below the grid. Use this to select whether persistence is applied to all traces or to the top two traces only.
Page 140 When XY is selected in the first menu, these other menus appear. This is for activating Persistence. This is for accessing XY SETUP (see next page). This is for accessing the MORE DISPLAY menus. Use this to select the grid style. This adjusts the screen intensity for the waveform and associated text by means of the associated menu knob.
Page 141 When the corresponding menu button for XY SETUP is pressed and when “Persistence” is OFF, these menus appear: Use this to select Analog or Color Graded persistence for a single sweep . This is for selecting the percentage of saturation. At lower values, the spectrum will saturate (brightest color or shade) at the specified percentage value.
Page 142 When XY is selected in the first menu and Persistence is activated, these menus appear: Use this to turn Persistence On. This is for accessing XY SETUP using Persistence (see next page). This is for accessing the MORE DISPLAY menus. This is for selecting the grid style.
Page 143 These menus appear when you press the corresponding menu button for “XY–Persist Setup.” This is for selecting the persistence duration, in seconds. The number of sweeps accumulated — up to one million — is displayed below the grid. To select Analog or Color Graded Persistence. This is for selecting the percentage of saturation.
Page 144 Press the button alongside the “More Display Setup” menu to gain direct access to these menus. This is for accessing the Screen Saver controls. When enabled, the built-in screen saver will blank the screen 10 minutes after the last use of a front panel control. This is a complete display shutdown of the internal screen, resulting in lower power dissipation and system noise.
Page 145 This is used to turn On the Measure Gate function, which highlights the gated parameter region by making the trace in the region outside the parameter a neutral color. This is used to show the data (sample) points in Normal or Bold view.
Page 146 This enables colors to be assigned to displayed objects, and color schemes to be customized. This is for copying one of the six preset color schemes (1 through 6) to a user color scheme (U1 through U4), or one user color scheme to another.
Page 147 Press to access the primary menus for: Hardcopy settings Time and date settings for the real-time clock GPIB and RS-232-C settings Mass storage utilities (including copy and format and delete files) Special modes of operation (including offset behavior, sequence time-out, cursor units, autocalibration and Remote Control Assistant) Signal function at the CAL BNC connector (magnitude, frequency, shape, trigger out, pass/fail use)
Page 148 When you select “Hardcopy Setup” from UTILITIES these menus appear: Use this to select the output device. This menu shows the options installed in the instrument. The device can be a port (GPIB, RS232, or Centronics) to which a printer is connected, a storage unit such as a floppy drive or portable hard disk drive (HDD), or the internal printer.
Page 149 Use this to select the device to which the instrument is to output data: in this case, the optional Int. Printer. This menu shows the options installed in the instrument. The device can be a port (GPIB, RS232, or Centronics) to which a printer is connected, a storage unit such as floppy drive or portable hard disk drive (HDD), or the internal printer.
Page 150 When you select “Time Date Setup” from UTILITIES these menus appear: This is for changing to Daylight Savings Time. This is for changing back to Standard Time. Use this to activate the changes made with the “Hour Min Sec” and “Day Mnth Year”...
Page 151 When you select “GPIB/RS232 Setup” from UTILITIES, you can use the RS-232-C port on the rear panel for remote operation of the oscilloscope, and for direct interfacing to a hard-copy device to output displayed waveforms and other screen data. See the illustration on the next page for RS-232 printer cabling, and “Data to PC”...
Page 152 When “GPIB/RS232 Setup” is selected from UTILITIES these menus appear: This is for selecting the port for remote control. Use this to select 7–bit 8–bit mode RS-232 communication. When RS-232 is selected, the GPIB interface is in “Talk Only” mode. Any change becomes effective immediately. this select odd,...
Page 153 When you select “Mass Storage Utilities” from UTILITIES, the “MASS STORAGE” menu group appears (see page 12– 10). This menu gives access to the mass storage file system controls. The system supports storage and retrieval of data files to and from memory cards, floppy disks, and removable hard disk drive (HDD) media.
Page 154 As in MS-DOS, the file name can take up to eight characters followed by an extension of three characters. A file is treated as: a panel setup if its extension is PNL a waveform if its extension is a three-digit number a waveform template if its extension is TPL a hardcopy if its extension is TIF, BMP, or PRT an HPGL plot file if its extension is PLT...
Page 155 The default notation for waveform files is Stt.nnn for manually stored files and Att.nnn for automatically stored files, the characters S and A representing the two storage methods, respectively. When automatically generating a file name, the system uses the assigned name plus a three-digit sequence number. If the assigned waveform name is already in the default ‘Stt’...
Page 156 The SRAM memory card contains a battery for preserving data. When this needs replacing, the message “BAD BATTERY” appears. The battery should be changed while the memory card is still in the oscilloscope to prevent loss of information. To gain access to the battery, remove the panel on the bottom edge of the card by removing the small screw.
Page 157 These menus appear when “Floppy Disk UTILITIES” is selected from MASS STORAGE and a floppy has been newly inserted, or there is no floppy in the drive Use this to read the floppy disk and display directory contents. LCXXX-OM-E Rev K ISSUED: December 1999...
Page 158 Once the floppy disk has been read, these menus appear. They display information about the installed storage media: last “format” date and time memory size and available free space date, time, and size information of the selected file on the disk Use this to access a secondary menu for formatting storage media or for copying the machine template to it.
Page 159 These menus appear when “TEMPLATE AND FORMATTING” is selected from FLOPPY UTIL. Use this to format the floppy in DOS format with an interleave factor of two, which optimizes throughput to and from the scope. This menu, which appears only in “FORMAT FLOPPY,” is used for selecting density: 1.44 MB (HD) or 720 kB (DD).
Page 160 These menus appear when “MASS STORAGE,” “Hard Disk UTILITIES,” and “TEMPLATE AND FORMATTING” are selected. Use this to quickly (15 seconds) clear the portable hard disk drive. Use this for a complete formatting of the HDD, which is recommended if the disk is non-readable. This is for copying the machine template to the medium.
Page 161 These menus appear when “MASS STORAGE,” “Mass Storage Preferences,” are selected and used for: selecting the working directory deleting a directory accessing the “File Name Preferences” menu accessing the “Add New Directory” menu This is used for selecting the medium. This is used to access the secondary menu for defining custom names for waveform, setup, or hardcopy files (see next page).
Page 162 This menu group appears when “File Name Preferences” is selected from the preceding menu, and is used for defining custom names for waveform, setup, or hardcopy files. Use this to select the character for modification. This is for restoring the file type selected in the “File Type” menu (see below) to its default name.
Page 163 This is used to define a new directory with a custom name. This is for creating a new directory. This is for validating the new directory. Use this to move back one space and erase the previous character. This is for moving forward to create a space for the insertion of a character.
Page 164 These menus, which appear when “MASS STORAGE” “File Transfers” is selected, are used to copy files from one medium to another. (DEPENDING ON OPTIONS INSTALLED) Use this to select the source (copy from) and destination (copy to). This is for selecting the type of file for copying. This executes copying.
Page 165 When you select “Special Modes” from UTILITIES, these menus become available (not all selections may be available). accesses: This is for specifying the time-out in Sequence mode, by means of the associated menu knob to change the value. accesses: This is for specifying the offset behavior of a gain (VOLTS/DIV) change.
Page 166 Used for monitoring remote commands received through the GPIB and RS-232 remote control ports, the Remote Control Assistant helps debug communications between the oscilloscope and the PC. When activated, it displays a log of the dialog taking place through the remote control ports of the oscilloscope. When a communication error occurs, RC Assistant gives the additional message “Remote Control: problem detected and logged.”...
Page 167 This lets you customize the operation of front panel controls. When this is On, all front panel buttons when pressed and held in will cursor sequentially through all the choices in their respective menus. When On, an audible beep will sound when you press any front panel button.
Page 168 These menus allow updating of the oscilloscope with new software. Shown here is the full screen warning message displayed when “FLASH UPDATE” has been selected from “SPECIAL MODES.” The second menu is called “Update Flash” on LC564, LC584, LC684 oscilloscopes. ERIES ISSUED: December 1999 LCXXX-OM-E Rev K...
Page 169 When you select “CAL BNC Setup” from UTILITIES, you can choose the type of signal output at the CAL BNC connector. You can also choose the frequency, amplitude, and pulse shape of the calibration signal. In addition, the CAL BNC connector can be used to provide a pulse: as an action for PASS/FAIL testing at the occurrence of each accepted trigger event (Trigger Out) when the scope is ready to accept a trigger event (Trigger Rdy)
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Page 171 Press WAVEFORM to store waveforms to internal memory (M1, M2, M3, or M4) in LeCroy’s binary format. You can also store waveforms in binary or ASCII format on floppy disk, memory card, or removable hard disk (HDD) where available. When Binary and Flpy (or one of the optional media is selected), the menus shown on this page appear.
Page 172 This is for choosing the data format, as described on the previous page. When ASCII is selected, the primary “Setup ASCII Format” menu appears immediately beneath this menu, giving access to the secondary “ASCII SETUP” menu (see next page). When Binary is selected, the waveform is stored in binary format.
Page 173 This secondary menu, accessed through SETUP ASCII FORMAT, offers a choice of ASCII formats. (For details on each format, see Appendix E). LCXXX-OM-E Rev K ISSUED: December 1999...
Page 174 Press WAVEFORM to recall a waveform from internal memory, floppy, or the optional memory card or removable hard disk (HDD). Use this to select the storage medium from which to recall, internal Memories in this case. Use this to execute recall based on the selections made in the “from Memory”...
Page 175 This selects the device or medium on which the file is stored: HDD, Card, or Flpy. Use this to execute recall based on the selections made in the “File” and “to” menus (see below). This selects the file in which the waveform is stored, using the associated menu knob.
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Page 177 The cursors are basic and important tools for measuring signal values. In Standard Display Mode, Amplitude (voltage) cursors, represented by dashed lines spanning the width of the screen, move up and down the grid pixel by pixel . Time cursors, represented by arrows or cross-hair markers that move along the waveform (see symbols at left), can be placed at a desired time to read the amplitude of a signal at that time, and moved to every point acquired .
Page 178 In XY Display, Absolute Amplitude cursors appear as horizontal and vertical bars that can be moved up and down and side-to-side across the screen. Relative Amplitude cursors are pairs of bars that move in the same way. Absolute and Relative Time cursors behave as they do in Standard Display.
Page 179 Press to access menus that let you customize special functions. The contents of the Custom Menu will vary according to the options installed in the oscilloscope. Press the CURSOR/MEASURES button; the following options will be displayed: Refer to “Measure – Cursors” on page 14-5 of this manual. Refer to “Parameters: Automatic Measurements”...
Page 180 (continued) Press the CUSTOM button to access these custom applications: This wizard steps you through jitter timing and measurement setups. Refer to the Jitter and Timing Analysis (JTA) Manual. Refer to the Mask Tester Operator’s Manual . Refer to the PMA1 Software Operator’s Manual . Refer to the DDFA: Disk Drive Failure Analysis Operator’s Manual .
Page 181 Press — to access the “MEASURE” Setup menus. Use this to select Cursors. This is for selecting Time (time or frequency cursors) or Amplitude (voltage or amplitude cursors). Use this to toggle between Relative and Absolute. The first displays two cursors (Reference and Difference) and indicates either the voltage, or time and voltage, between the two.
Page 182 The instrument can determine certain signal properties automatically, using signal parameters. Standard parameters are listed and described in Appendix D of this manual. For common measurements on a lone signal, parameters can be measured in either of two standard classes or modes, in the amplitude or time domain.
Page 183 The parameter has been determined for several periods (up to 100), and the average of those values has been taken. The parameter has been determined over an integral number of periods. The parameter has been calculated on a histogram. Insufficient data to determine the parameter. Amplitude histogram is flat within statistical fluctuations;...
Page 184 For a single trace, this mode measures: peak-to-peak (amplitude between maximum and minimum sample values) mean of all sample values standard deviation root mean square of all sample values amplitude of the signal Use this to select Parameters. This is for selecting the Standard Voltage mode. This is for turning On display of the parameter’s average, lowest, highest, and standard deviation, as well as the number of sweeps included in the statistics.
Page 185 For a single trace, this mode measures: period width (at 50% amplitude) rise time (10–90% of amplitude) fall time (90–10% of amplitude) delay (from trigger to first 50% amplitude point) Use this to select Parameters. This is for selecting the Standard Time mode. This is for turning On display of the parameter’s average, lowest, highest, and standard deviation, as well as the number of sweeps included in the statistics.
Page 186 In this mode, up to five parameters can be displayed for various traces. This is for selecting Parameters. This is for selecting the Custom mode. This is for turning On display of the parameter’s average, lowest, highest, and standard deviation, as well as the number of sweeps included in the statistics.
Page 187 This is for modifying parameters. Use this to select up to five different parameters for modification. Use this to specify the category of parameter. When All is selected, the “measure” menu (see below) will feature all parameters. However, when a particular category is selected, only those parameters in the category are shown.
Page 188 Parameters can be customized to meet specific needs. Use this to select up to five different parameters for modification. Use this to specify the category or type of parameter. This calls up the t@lv customization menu (see next page). Set at t@lv. Select the channel —...
Page 189 This is for customizing the measure parameter ( t@lv in this case). See Appendix D for descriptions of all standard parameters. This is for selecting whether the levels should be absolute, or a percentage of the peak-to-peak signal value. Use this to set the hysteresis division. A voltage band is extended equidistantly above and below the selected level.
Page 190 This is for customizing the measure parameter ( c2d+ in this case). See Appendix D for descriptions of all standard parameters. Use this to set the hysteresis division. A voltage band is extended equidistantly above and below the selected level. In order for the signal to be considered valid, and not as noise, the signal must exceed or cross the upper or lower limits of this band by half the hysteresis division setting.
Page 191 Parameters can also be used in performing Pass/Fail tests. These tests require a combination of measurements within chosen limits, and invoke an action when the test either passes or fails, depending on which has been specified. Signals can also be Pass/Fail tested against a tolerance mask.
Page 192 Use this to select Parameters. Use this to select Pass or Fail. This is for turning testing Off or On. Turn testing off only to observe the parameter variations. Use this to access the secondary “CHANGE TEST” menu (see next page).
Page 193 Use this to select up to five different parameters for modification. (See “Action” selection on page 14–22). Use this to select Param or, if no test is required, --- (No Test). To select “Param”. Use this to delete all tests previously selected. This is for selecting the new parameter to be measured on this line.
Page 194 Use this to select up to five different parameters for modification. (See “Action” selection on page 14–22). Use this to Select Param or --- (No Test) if no test is required on the selected line (“Mask” selection, page 14–19). Use this to select Limit (“Param” 14–17). This is for deleting all tests previously selected.
Page 195 Use this to select up to five different parameters for modification. (See “Action” selection on page 14–22). This is for selecting Mask or --- (No Test) if no test is required on the selected line (see “Param” on page 14–17). Use this to access the secondary menu for modifying mask settings.
Page 196 Use this to select W’form. This is for selecting D=M4 if the mask is to be automatically displayed on the screen. Otherwise select M1, M2, M3, or M4. Using “RECALL W’FORM” (see previous chapter), memories M1– M4 can be recalled to traces A to D for display. Use this to generate an inverted mask.
Page 197 Use this to select the device. This is for selecting D=M4 to automatically display the mask on- screen, or M1, M2, M3, or M4. This is for generating an inverted mask. Use this to recall the mask. Use this to select the appropriate mask, by means of the associated knob.
Page 198 Depending on the test result certain actions can be taken: This is for selecting Action. Use this to delete all previously selected actions. Use this to determine if the action will be taken on PASS or FAIL result. This is for selecting the action (Dump in this example). The selected action will then be activated from the following submenu.
Page 199 Press to access the menus used for saving or recalling configurations — panel setups — to or from non- volatile memory, floppy disk, memory card, or portable hard disk (HDD), depending on options installed. Use this to save a panel setup or recall one already saved. When you select Save (as shown here) the “TO SETUP”...
Page 200 Use this to save or recall a panel setup. When you select Save (as shown on the previous page) the “TO SETUP” menus appear. When you select Recall (as shown here) the “FROM SETUP” menus appear..or ... This is for recalling any of four possible saved setups.
Page 201 This is for selecting the device from which to recall a setup: floppy, memory card, or portable hard disk (HDD), depending on the options installed. Use this to perform the recall of the setup selected in the “File” menu (see below). This is for selecting the stored setup, using the associated menu knob.
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Page 203 Press to open the “STATUS” menu and access full- screen summaries of the oscilloscope’s system status or other functional status. This screen shows vertical sensitivity, probe attenuation, offset, and coupling for each channel, as well as timebase and trigger status summaries. LCXXX-OM-E Rev K ISSUED: December 1999...
Page 204 You simply provide LeCroy with the serial number, soft version number, and scope ID (all displayed on this screen), as well as order information. LeCroy provides a unique option key that you can enter from the instrument’s front panel. The “MORE VERSION INFORMATION” menu is used to perform...
Page 205 This shows user text in the waveform descriptor* and trigger timing information. When “Text & Times” is selected the “for” and “Select” menus shown here also appear, allowing a trace or memory to be selected and a segment range to be specified for information.
Page 206 This screen provides detailed status information on channels, memories, zoom and math, or displayed traces. These are specified using the bottom menu, which appears when “Waveform” is selected from the top menu. ISSUED: December 1999 LCXXX-OM-E Rev K...
Page 207 This screen shows how much memory is being used and how much remains free. Memory allocation: memories M1–M4 can be selected and then cleared using the “CLEAR INACTIVE” menu. The dedicated persistence data maps for each channel are dynamically created, resized, and deleted as necessary. The allocation of memory to each of these data maps will appear in this menu.
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Page 209 LC574 Series: 2 ms @ 4 GS/s in single-shot mode specification applies to LC564 Series: 62.5 s @ 4 GS/s all LeCroy color DSOs. LC584 Series: 2 ms @ 8 GS/s Where the series is LC684 Series: 2 ms @ 8 GS/s...
Page 210 Offset Range LC334 Series: 2.00 to 9.99 mV/div: ±120 mV 10.0 to 199 mV/div: ±1.2 V 0.2 to 5.0 V/div: ±24 V LC374, LC534, LC574, LC564, LC584 Series: 2.00 to 4.99 mV/div: ±400 mV 5.00 to 99 mV/div: ±1 V 0.1 to 0.99 V/div: ±10 V 1.0 to 10 V/div: ±100 V (1 M only) LC684 Series: 2.00 to 4.99 mV/div: ±400 mV...
Page 211 EMORY PER HANNEL OINTS HANNELS AMPLE CTIVE MODEL ON/OFF) ETECT HANNELS … ERIES Any Channel (Peak Detect OFF) LC334 LC534 Series 500 MS/s 100 k 500 k LC374 Series 1 GS/s 100 k – – LC574 Series 1 GS/s 100 k 500 k Any Channel (Peak Detect ON) LC334...
Page 212 EMORY PER HANNEL OINTS HANNELS AMPLE MODEL CTIVE HANNELS … ERIES Any Channel LC564 Series 2 GS/s 100 k – – – LC584 Series 2 GS/s 100 k 500 k Paired Channels LC564 Series 4 GS/s 250 k – – –...
Page 213 HANNELS EMORY PER HANNEL OINTS CTIVE AMPLE HANNELS ODEL Any Channel LC684 Series 2 GS/s 100 k 500 k Paired Channels LC684 Series 4 GS/s 250 k CH2 & CH3 All Channels Combined LC684 Series 8 GS/s 500 k 16 M (by PP096 Adapter) LXXX-OM-E Rev K...
Page 214 Scale Factors: There is a wide range of probe attenuation factors available. DC Accuracy: 1% typical; guaranteed 2% full scale (eight divisions) at 0 V offset LC564, LC584 Series: (1% full scale + 1% offset value) at gain 10 mV/div LC684 Series: (2% full scale + 1% offset value) at gain 10 mV/div Vertical Resolution: 8 bits...
Page 215 System Random Access Memory: LC334A LC374A LC534A LC574A LC334AM LC534AM LC564A LC574AM LC334AL LC534AL LC564A LC584A LC584AM LC684D LC684DM LC574AL LC584AL LC584AXL LC684DL LC684DXL Random Interleaved Sampling (RIS): for repetitive signals from: LC334, LC534 Series: 1 ns/div to 5 µs/div LC374, LC574 Series: 1 ns/div to 2 µs/div LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: 200 ps/div to 1 µs/div Single Shot: for transient and repetitive signals from:...
Page 216 Number of Segments Available: L C 3 3 4 A L C 3 7 4 A L C 5 3 4 A L C 5 7 4 A 2 t o 5 0 0 L C 5 6 4 A L C 5 8 4 A L C 6 8 4 D 2 t o 1 0 0 0...
Page 217 Modes: NORMAL, AUTO, SINGLE, and STOP. Sources: CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4, Line, Ext, Ext/10 (Ext/5 on LC564, ). Slope, Level, and Coupling are unique LC584 , LC684 S ERIES to each source. Slope: Positive, Negative LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: Positive, Negative, Bi-Slope (Window in and out) Coupling: AC, DC, HF, LFREJ, HFREJ Pre-trigger Recording: 0 to 100% of full scale (adjustable in 1%...
Page 218 Pattern: The oscilloscope triggers on the logic combination of five inputs — CH 1, CH 2, CH 3, CH 4, and EXT Trigger, where each source can be defined as “High,” “Low,” or “Don't Care.” The Trigger can be defined as the beginning or end of the specified pattern.
Page 219 LC334: One PP005 probe is supplied per channel: DC to 350 MHz typical at probe tip, 500 V max. LC374, LC534, LC574A, LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: One PP005 probe is supplied per channel: DC to 500 MHz typical at probe tip, 500 V max. Probe calibration: 1 V max.
Page 220 Screen Type: Color 10-inch Raster Scan CRT, 0.26 mm dot pitch. LC684 Series: 10.4” TFT-LCD Resolution: 640 x 480 points Display Area: 170 mm x 125 mm LC684 Series: 212 mm X 160 mm Controls: There are rear panel presets for position, brightness, and contrast;...
Page 221 Microprocessor: 96 MHz PowerPC 603e LC584AXL, LC684DXL: 192 MHz PowerPC Video Memory: 1 Mbyte Cache Memory: 32 kbytes Persistence Data Map Memory: 16 bits per displayed pixel (64 000 levels) four processing functions performed simultaneously. Standard functions available are: Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide, Negate, Identity, Summation Averaging and Sine x/x, Integral, Derivative, Square Root, Ratio, and Absolute Value.
Page 222 Waveform Memory: This features up to four 16-bit memories (M1, M2, M3, M4), whose length corresponds to the length of the channel acquisition memory. Zoom and Math Memory: Up to four 16-bit Waveform Processing Memories (A, B, C, D), whose length corresponds to the length of the channel acquisition memory Setup Memory: Four non-volatile memories (optional memory cards, flash disks, or removable hard disks may also be used for...
Page 223 Remote Control: GPIB and RS-232-C for all front panel controls; internal functions RS-232-C Port: Asynchronous; 115.2 kBaud for computer or terminal control, printer or plotter connection GPIB Port: (IEEE-488.1) configurable as talker/listener for computer control and fast data transfer; command language compliant with IEEE-488.2 Centronics Port: hardcopy interface Shielded cables less than 3 m in length are required to conform to EMC Directive 89/336/EEC.
Page 224 Power: 90 to 132 VAC, or 180 to 250 VAC, 45 to 66 Hz, automatic voltage selection, 400 W max. (LC684 Series: 350 W max.) Battery Backup: front panel settings maintained for two years Dimensions: (HWD) 10.4 x 15.65 x 17.85 inches (264 x 397 x 453 mm) Weight: 44 lb.
Page 225 The available sampling rate of LeCroy oscilloscopes is often higher than that required for the analyzed signal’s bandwidth. Oversampling, particularly pronounced in the long-memory models, can be used to increase the displayed trace’s effective resolution: the ability of the instrument to distinguish closely spaced voltage levels.
Page 226 Resolution Increase –3 dB Bandwidth Filter Length (Enhancement) ( Nyquist) (Samples) 0.241 0.121 0.058 0.029 0.016 With low-pass filters, the actual SNR increase obtained in any particular situation depends on the power spectral density of the noise on the signal. The improvement in SNR corresponds to the improvement in resolution if the noise in the signal is white —...
Page 227 would be incorrect. This is because in some circumstances an overflow may be a spike of only one or two samples, and the energy in this spike may not be enough to significantly affect the results. It would then not be desirable to disallow the whole trace. In general, enhanced resolution is used to replace the averaging function in situations where the data record has a single-shot or slowly repetitive nature and averaging cannot be used.
Page 228 This screen shows the spectrum of a square signal before (top grid) and after (bottom grid) enhanced resolution processing. The result clearly illustrates how the filter rejects high-frequency components from the signal. The higher the bit enhancement, the lower the resulting bandwidth.
Page 229 In this example the bottom trace has been significantly enhanced by a 3-bit enhanced resolution function. The original signal being highly oversampled, the resulting bandwidth is still high enough for the signal not to be distorted. LCXXX-OM-E Rev K ISSUED: December 1999...
Page 230 This illustration shows the effect of enhanced resolution on a noisy signal. The original trace (top grid) has been processed by a 2-bit enhanced resolution filter. The result (bottom grid) shows a “smooth” trace, where most of the noise has been eliminated. ISSUED: December 1999 LCXXX-OM-E Rev K...
Page 231 The enhanced resolution function can only improve the resolution of a trace; it cannot improve the accuracy or linearity of the original quantization by the 8-bit ADC. The constraint of good temporal response excludes the use of maximally flat filters. The pass band will therefore cause signal attenuation for signals near the cut-off frequency.
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Page 233 The WP02 Spectral Analysis package with FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) reveals signal characteristics not visible in the time domain, and adds the power of frequency domain analysis to your oscilloscope. FFT converts a time domain waveform into frequency domain spectra similar to those of a spectrum analyzer, but with important differences and added benefits.
Page 234 Figure C–1 shows spectra of a swept triangular wave. Discontinuities at the edges of the wave produce leakage, an effect clearly visible in Trace A, which was computed with a rectangular window, but less pronounced in the Von Hann window in Trace B (see below for explanations of leakage and window types).
Page 235 Figure C–2 An FFT operation on an N-point time domain signal may thus be compared to passing the signal through a comb filter consisting of a bank of N/2 filters. All the filters have the same shape and width and are centered at N/2 discrete frequencies. Each filter collects the signal energy that falls into the immediate neighborhood of its center frequency.
Page 236 This variation in spectrum magnitude is the picket fence effect. The corresponding attenuation loss is referred to as scallop loss. LeCroy scopes automatically correct for the scallop effect, ensuring that the magnitude of the spectra lines correspond to their true values in the time domain.
Page 237 If a signal contains a frequency component above Nyquist, the spectrum will be aliased, meaning that the frequencies will be folded back and spurious. Spotting aliased frequencies is often difficult, as the aliases may ride on top of real harmonics. A simple way of checking is to modify the sample rate and observe whether the frequency distribution changes.
Page 238 Eres low pass filter and the noise shape (frequency distribution). LeCroy digital oscilloscopes employ FIR digital filters so that a constant phase shift is maintained. The phase information is therefore not distorted by the filtering action.
Page 239 Spectral power averaging is the technique to use when you are determining the frequency response of passive networks such as filters. Figures 3 and 4 show the transfer functions of a low pass filter with a 3-dB cutoff of 11 MHz, obtained by exciting the filter with a white noise source (Fig.
Page 240 Figure C–4 Because of its versatility, FFT analysis has become a popular analysis tool. However, some care must be taken with it. In most instances, incorrect positioning of the signal within the display grid will significantly alter the spectrum. Effects such as leakage and aliasing that distort the spectrum must be understood if meaningful conclusions are to be arrived at when using FFT.
Page 241 Select “FFT” from the “Math Type” menu (see Chapter 10 for a full description of math and waveform processing menus). Spectra displayed with a linear frequency axis running from zero to the Nyquist frequency are shown at the right-hand edge of the trace. The frequency scale factors (Hz/div) are in a 1–2–5 sequence.
Page 242 The following selections can be made using the “FFT result” menu. This is measured with respect to a cosine whose maximum occurs at the left-hand edge of the screen, at which point it has 0 . Similarly, a positive-going sine starting at the left-hand edge of the screen has a –90 phase (displayed in degrees).
Page 243 Chosen using the “with window” menu, the window type defines the bandwidth and shape of the filter to be used in the FFT processing (see the table on page C–17 for these filters’ parameters). When “AC” is selected from the same menu, the DC component of the input signal is forced to zero prior to the FFT processing.
Page 244 Other waveform processing functions, such as Averaging and Arithmetic, can be applied to waveforms before FFT processing is performed. Time-domain averaging prior to FFT, for example, can be used if a stable trigger is available to reduce random noise in the signal. To increase the FFT frequency range, the Nyquist frequency, raise the effective sampling frequency by increasing the maximum number of points or using a...
Page 245 One of these FFT-related error messages may be displayed at the top of the screen. Message Meaning “Incompatible input record type” FFT power average is defined only on a function defined as FFT. “Horizontal units don't match” FFT of a frequency-domain waveform is not available. “FFT source data zero filled”...
Page 246 A summary of the algorithms used in the oscilloscope’s FFT computation is given here in the form of seven steps: 1. If the maximum number of points is smaller than the source number of points, the source waveform data are decimated prior to the FFT.
Page 247 The energy of the signal at a frequency n is distributed equally between the first and the second halves of the spectrum; the energy at frequency 0 is completely contained in the 0 term. The first half of the spectrum (Re, Im), from 0 to the Nyquist frequency is kept for further processing and doubled in amplitude: R’...
Page 248 Where M is the minimum magnitude, fixed at about 0.001 of the full scale at any gain setting, below which the angle is not well defined. The dBm Power Spectrum: dBm PS where M = 0.316 V (that is, 0 dBm is defined as a sine wave of 0.316 V peak or 0.224 V RMS, giving 1.0 mW into 50 ).
Page 249 This section defines the terms frequently used in FFT spectrum analysis and relates them to the oscilloscope. If the input signal to a sampling acquisition system contains components whose frequency is greater than the Nyquist frequency (half the sampling frequency), there will be less than two samples per signal period.
Page 250 Equivalent Noise BandWidth (ENBW) is the bandwidth of a rectangular filter (same gain at the center frequency), equivalent to a filter associated with each frequency bin, which would collect the same power from a white noise signal. In the table on the previous page, the ENBW is listed for each window function implemented, given in bins.
Page 251 In a simple sense, the frequency resolution is equal to the bin width f. That is, if the input signal changes its frequency by f, the corresponding spectrum peak will be displaced by f. For smaller changes of frequency, only the shape of the peak will change.
Page 252 discrete bin frequencies. This variation of the spectrum magnitude is called the picket fence effect (the loss is called the scallop loss). All window functions compensate for this loss to some extent, but the best compensation is obtained with the Flat Top window. The power spectrum (V ) is the square of the magnitude spectrum.
Page 253 The following table lists the coefficients a . The window functions seen in the time domain are symmetric around the point k = N/2. Window Type Rectangular von Hann –0.5 Hamming 0.54 –0.46 Flat-Top 0.281 –0.521 0.198 Blackman-Harris 0.423 –0.497 0.079 Bergland, G.D., A Guided Tour of the Fast Fourier Transform , IEEE Spectrum, July 1969, pp.
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Page 255 In this Appendix, a general explanation of how the instrument’s standard parameters are computed is followed by a table that defines and describes those parameters (page D–5). Proper determination of the top and base reference lines is fundamental for ensuring correct parameter calculations. The analysis begins by computing a histogram of the waveform data over the time interval spanned by the left and right time cursors.
Page 256 Once top and base are estimated, calculation of the rise and fall times is easily done (Fig.1). The 90% and 10% threshold levels are automatically determined by the oscilloscope, using the amplitude ( ampl ) parameter. Threshold levels for rise or fall time can also be selected using absolute or relative settings ( r@level, f@level ).
Page 257 delay width width width 50 % (Mesial) last first PERIOD PERIOD freq = 1/ period duty width/period cycles TWO FULL PERIODS: cmean, cmedian, crms, csdev TRIGGER computed on interval periods POINT area, points, data computed between cursors RIGHT CURSOR LEFT CURSOR Figure D–2 To avoid these bias effects, the instrument uses cyclic parameters, including crms and cmean , that restrict the...
Page 258 Noisy spikes ignored due to Hysteresis band THRESHOLD DATA (1) CLK (2) c2d (1, 2) c2d+(1, 2) LEFT CURSOR RIGHT CURSOR TRIGGER POINT CLOCK EDGE = Positive Transition DATA EDGE = Negative Transition Figure D–3 Moreover, a hysteresis range may be specified to ignore any spurious transition that does not exceed the boundaries of the hysteresis interval.
Page 259 base On signals having two a m p l Amplitude: Measures the difference between the upper and lower levels in major levels (such as triangle two-level signals. Differs from pkpk in that or saw-tooth waves), returns (See Fig. D–1) noise, overshoot, undershoot, and ringing same value as pkpk .
Page 260 Where: v c s d e v Cyclic standard deviation: Standard denotes measured mean deviation of data values from the mean sample values, and number value over an integral number of periods. of data points within the periods Contrary to sdev , the calculation is found up to maximum of 100 performed over an integral number of periods.
Page 261 For single sweep waveforms, dur is 0. For Time from first to sequence waveforms: time from first to last acquisition last segment’s trigger. For single — for average, segments of sequence waveforms: time histogram or from previous segment’s to current sequence segment’s trigger.
Page 262 Indicates location of left cursor. first Indicates the value of the horizontal axis Horizontal axis at the left cursor. value at left Cursors are interchangeable: for cursor example, the left cursor may be moved to the right of the right (See Fig.
Page 263 The average of base and top values. Average of base median and top (See Fig. D–2) minimum Measures the lowest point in a waveform. Lowest value in Gives a similar result when Unlike base , it does assume the a waveform applied to a time domain waveform has two levels.
Page 264 On signals having two r20–80% Rise 20% to 80%: The duration of the Average duration pulse waveform’s rising transition from of rising 20–80 % major levels (triangle or saw- 20% to 80%, averaged for all rising transition tooth waves, for example), top transitions between the cursors.
Page 265 Root Mean Square of data between the Where: v denotes measured sample cursors — about the same as sdev for a values, and number of data zero-mean waveform. points within the periods found up to a maximum of 100 periods. Gives a similar result when applied to a time domain waveform or histogram of data of the same waveform.
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Page 267 The ASCII waveform storage feature allows waveforms to be saved to a mass-memory device in any of three ASCII formats: Spreadsheet, MathCad, and MATLAB. Each format is tailored for a commonly used analysis package. The user- interface changes that support ASCII waveform storage are found in the STORE menu (see Chapter 13).
Page 268 This example was created using Microsoft Excel for Windows. A waveform stored in Spreadsheet format may be read into Microsoft Excel using the File -> Open window: Excel will now ask for more information about the file type. Ensure that the ‘Delimited’ option is selected in the first step of the Wizard. ISSUED: December 1999 LCXXX-OM-E Rev K...
Page 269 The next step allows the specific delimiter to be specified. The Spreadsheet format generated by the instrument uses a comma (,) to delimit columns. Ensure that this is selected. LCXXX-OM-E Rev K ISSUED: December 1999...
Page 270 The third and final step allows the format of the columns to be specified. The ‘general’ format for each column should be used (this is the default). ISSUED: December 1999 LCXXX-OM-E Rev K...
Page 271 After you click the Finish button, a display similar to that following should appear. LCXXX-OM-E Rev K ISSUED: December 1999...
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Page 273 Plotting the data from a waveform requires the use of a scatter plot based on the data in the first two columns, with the first column used as the X values (from Row 6 in this example). LCXXX-OM-E Rev K ISSUED: December 1999...
Page 274 The header created for the Spreadsheet format contains all the information required to extract various elements of a sequence waveform. The following formulas may be used to extract information such as the start and end row of the data for a given segment, or the trigger time of a given segment.
Page 275 These examples were created using MathSoft’s MathCad for Windows. On this page, the procedure for reading and graphing a file for a single segment is shown. The example on page E–10 is for multiple segments. This single-segment example is valid for MathCad Versions 3.1 to 7: LCXXX-OM-E Rev K ISSUED: December 1999...
Page 276 The following MathCad example demonstrates how to extract data from a given segment. The data used for this example consisted of two segments of three samples each, allowing the entire imported matrix to be shown. ISSUED: December 1999 LCXXX-OM-E Rev K...
Page 277 This example was created using MathWorks’ MATLAB Version 4.2c.1 for Windows. Reading and graphing a waveform in MATLAB may be achieved with two simple commands, as the following example shows. The first command loads the file into a matrix which is automatically named after the file.
Page 278 Format Fields in bold type are constants that are present in the output file, as shown. Fields in italic are variables that are filled in when the file is written. <scopeid>, <scopeserial> < numseg>, Segments, SegmentSize, < numpts> Segment, TrigTime, TimeSinceFirstSegment <trigtime(1)>, #<numseg>,...
Page 279 This format is compatible with the ASCII import of the LeCroy LW4xx Arbitrary Function Generator. LCXXX-OM-E Rev K ISSUED: December 1999...
Page 280 Format <“scopeid”> <“TriggerTime”> <numseg> <numpts> Segment TimeSinceFirstSegment <numseg> <trigdelta( numseg )> Time Ampl Ampl1 <x(0)> <y(0)> [<y1(0)>] <x(1)> <y(1)> [<y1(1)>] <x(numgseg*numpts)> <y(numseg*numpts)> [<y1(numseg*numpts)>] Single-Segment Example “LECROYLC584AL,LC58412345” “23-March-90,12:44:23” Segment TimeSinceFirstSegment Time Ampl ..ISSUED: December 1999 LCXXX-OM-E Rev K...
Page 281 Multi-Segment Example “LECROYLC584AL,LC58412345” “23-March-90,12:44:23” Segment TimeSinceFirstSegment Time Ampl ..1.05 2.05 The format created for MathCad is very similar to the Spreadsheet format, but with some differences due to the way MathCad interprets the header information. One of the most important of these is that the absolute trigger time is only given for the first segment, with relative times (in units of seconds) included for each segment.
Page 282 Format y(0) y(1) y(numseg*numpts) Single-Segment Example The MATLAB format is simple, without header information and having amplitude values only. Multiple segments will be appended without a separator. Only one value from the pair of amplitude values present in a dual-array will be stored.
Page 283 Auto-Store, 12-9, 13-2 Average, A-9 Average Setup, 10-10 Averaging, B-3 AC, 3-2, 8-5, C-15 Acquisition Memory, C-4 increasing it by combining channels, 2-1, 7-5 Acquisition Modes, 6-1, 7-6, A-4 Background, 11-2, 11-21, 12-2 Acquisition Summary, 5-3, 6-3, BACKSPACE, 12-16, 12-17 16-1 Bandwidth, A-1 Acquisition Summary field, 4-9...
Page 284 Chassis Terminal, 3-2 COPY TEMPLATE TO FLPY, Circuit Failures 12-13 testing for using Exclusion Copying Color Schemes, 11-22 Trigger, 8-11 Copying files between storage Cleaning and Maintenance, 3-3 media, 12-10 CLEAR INACTIVE menu, 16-5 Coupling, 5-3, 8-5, 8-36, 8-38, CLEAR SWEEPS, 4-6, 10-3, 8-43, 8-45, A-5 10-4, 10-14, 11-14, 14-8, 14-9, COUPLING button, 5-2...
Page 285 DC Accuracy, A-3 DO RECALL, 13-4, 13-5, 14-21, DC Level, 12-23 15-3 DC Offset DO STORE, 13-2 DOS. See UTILITIES:Mass compensating for, 10-15 Deadtime Storage reducing it using Sequence Dot Join, A-8 Mode, 7-3 Dropout Trigger, 8-28, 8-42, A-6 Decimation Dual Grid, 11-9 in FFT, 10-20 Duration, D-7...
Page 286 External Clock, 7-8, 7-9, A-5 13-1, 13-2, 13-5, 14-21, 15-1, External Reference, A-5 15-2, A-11 Extrema, 10-3, 10-12, 11-3, A-9 FLPY UTIL, 12-12 for Math use max points menu, 10-19, C-9 format, 12-2 Format, 12-3 Fall, D-2 FORMAT FLPY, 12-13 Fall 80–20 %, D-7 Format Hard Disk, 12-14 Fall at Level, D-7...
Page 287 Grid Color, 11-21 Grid intensity, 11-13 Landscape, 12-3 Grids, 11-7, 11-8, 11-9, 11-11, Last, D-8 11-13, 11-14, 11-16, 11-18, A-8 Ground, 3-2, 3-3 Leading Edge, D-2 Ground and Trace Level markers, Leakage, C-5, C-11, C-19 Level, 14-13 LEVEL, 6-4, 8-1 level menu, 14-13 LINE, 8-4 LOAD CHANGES NOW, 12-4...
Page 288 Measurement Gate Highlighting, Noise Reduction, 10-3, B-2, B-6 11-4, 11-21 NORM, 6-2, 7-11, 10-3 Median, D-9 Number of points, 7-6, C-14, C-19 Medium-to-High-Frequency Nyquist Frequency, 10-19, 10-20, Triggering, 8-5 B-2, C-4, C-5, C-9, C-12, C-19 Memories, 2-1, 13-1, 13-4, 13-5, 15-1, 15-2, A-10 Memory, A-2, A-3, A-9, C-4, C-12 Memory Card, 12-7, 12-10, 12-15,...
Page 289 Parameter Display, 11-10 Power Density Spectrum, C-4, Parameter symbols, 14-6, 14-7 C-20 Parameters, 10-3, 14-6, 14-8, Power On 14-9, 14-10, 14-11, 14-12, Self-Test, 3-3 14-13, 14-14, 14-15, 14-16, Power Requirements 3-2 14-17, 14-18, 14-19, 14-20, Power Spectrum, 10-13, C-4, 14-22, A-10, D-1, D-5, D-6, C-10, C-16, C-20 D-7, D-8, D-9, D-10, D-11 Power-off, 3-1...
Page 290 Real-Time Display STOP, 6-1 See Roll Mode, 7-3 Roof, 10-12 RECALL W’FORM, 4-5, 13-4, in extrema waveforms, 10-3 13-5 Root Mean Square (rms), 14-8, Recall/Save, 15-1 D-2, D-11 Recalling Setups, 15-2, 15-3 RS232 Cabling, 12-3 Record, 7-8 RS-232-C, 4-6 Record Length RS-232-C Connector Pin maximising it, C-8 Assignments, 12-5...
Page 291 Segments, 6-1, 6-2, 7-3, 7-8, 7-9, SNGL, 6-2 7-10, 10-3, E-8, E-10 Software version information, 16-2 SELECT ABCD, 9-1 Source Trace, 10-7 SELECT CHANNEL, 5-1 Sources, A-5 Self-Test, 3-3 Special Modes, 7-11, 12-1, 12-19 Sensitivity, A-1 Spectral Analysis, 10-18, B-2, Sequence, 7-10 C-1, C-2 Sequence Mode, 7-3, 7-7, 7-8,...
Page 292 Time, 8-21, 8-23 Trigger Comparator, A-6 in display, 11-7 Trigger Configuration field, 4-9 Trigger Hold-off by, 8-34 Trigger Controls, 8-1 Time and Frequency field, 4-9 Trigger Coupling, 8-4, 8-34, 8-36, Time at Level, D-11 8-38, 8-45, 8-46 Time intervals, D-2 Trigger Delay, 4-9, 6-3, 7-1, 8-28, Time Parameter measurements, 8-41, 8-44, 14-9...
Page 293 File Transfers, 12-10 Width, 8-36, 8-37, 8-46, D-11 Floppy Disk, 12-7, 12-12, Window Pattern Trigger, 8-19 12-13 Window Trigger, 8-8 GPIB port, 12-5 with, 8-45, 8-46 Hard Disk, 12-7, 12-14 with window menu, C-5 Hardcopy Setup, 12-2, 12-3 work with, 12-15 Mass Storage, 12-1, 12-7, Wrap, 7-7, 7-8, 7-10, 7-11, 12-9 12-10...
Page 294 Unite Arab Emirates: Arab Engineers for 41 456 9700 Trading Co. Ltd 899 0220/0440 Japan: LeCroy Japan Corp. Osaka: 6 396 0961 United Kingdom, Ireland: LeCroy Ltd. Tokyo: 3 3376 9400 1 235 524 288 Tsukuba: 298 41 5810 United States: 1 800–5–LeCroy...

LeCroy LC Series Operator's Manual

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Page 79: Qualified First Trigger

Page 83: Trigger Source