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Chapter 11. Setting Shell Limits for the Oracle User
entire system will run out of file handles. This may prevent users logging in as the system
cannot open any PAM modules that are required for the login process. That is why the
hard limit should be set to 63536 and not 65536.
That these limits work you also need to ensure that pam_limits is configured in the /etc/pam.d/
system-auth file, or in /etc/pam.d/sshd for ssh, /etc/pam.d/su for su, or /etc/pam.d/
login for local access and telnet and disable telnet for all log in methods. Here are examples of
the two session entries in the /etc/pam.d/system-auth file:
session
required
session
required
Log in to the oracle user account since the changes will become effective for new login sessions only.
Note the ulimit options are different for other shells.
$ su - oracle
$ ulimit -n
4096
$
The default limit for oracle is now 4096 and the oracle user can increase the number of file handles up
to 63536:
$ su - oracle
$ ulimit -n
4096
$ ulimit -n 63536
$ ulimit -n
63536
$
To make this change permanent, you could add "ulimit -n 63536" ,for bashbash, to the
~oracle/.bash_profile file which is the user start up file for the bash shell on Red Hat Enterprise
Linux (to verify your shell execute echo $SHELL). To do this you could simply copy and paste the
following commands for oracle's bash shell:
su - oracle
cat >> ~oracle/.bash_profile << EOF
ulimit -n 63536
EOF
To make the above changes permanent, you could also set the soft limit equal to the hard limit in /
etc/security/limits.conf:
oracle
soft
oracle
hard
11.2. Limiting Maximum Number of Processes Available for
the Oracle User
After reading the procedure on,
the Oracle User"
you should now have an understanding of "soft" and "hard" limits and how to change
shell limits.
28
/lib/security/$ISA/pam_limits.so
/lib/security/$ISA/pam_unix.so
nofile
63536
nofile
63536
Section 11.1, "Limiting Maximum Number of Open File Descriptors for
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