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Technical Manual
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Table of Contents
Troubleshooting
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Summarization of Contents
Technical Manual
Numerical Distance Protection Relay
Details about the MiCOM P40 Agile P442, P444 relays, covering hardware and software versions.
Safety Section
Introduction
Provides general safety aspects of handling electronic equipment and references to safety symbols.
Health and Safety
Ensures equipment is properly installed and handled for safe operation, covering personnel qualifications and emergency procedures.
Symbols and Labels on the Equipment
Explains safety symbols used on the equipment and in documentation for safe installation and commissioning.
Installing, Commissioning and Servicing
Details procedures for safe installation, commissioning, and servicing, including electrical isolation and terminal connections.
De-commissioning and Disposal
Provides guidelines for safely decommissioning and disposing of equipment, including electrical isolation and capacitor discharge.
Technical Specifications for Safety
Outlines safety specifications including protective fuse rating, protective class, installation category, and environmental limits.
Introduction
Introduction to MiCOM Guides
Describes the MiCOM relay documentation structure and provides a functional overview of the relay and its applications.
Introduction to MiCOM
Explains the MiCOM concept as a comprehensive solution for electricity supply requirements, emphasizing flexibility and integration.
Product Scope
Details the MiCOM P442 and P444 numerical full scheme distance relays and their protection functions overview.
Technical Data
P442 & P444 Numerical Distance Protection
Specifies the distance protection capabilities for P442 and P444 relays, including tripping modes and zones.
In/Vn rating (ordering option)
Details the available In/Vn ratings for ordering options, including dual rated CT and module sum.
Input / Output (I/O)
Lists the available input/output configurations for P442 and P444 relays, including digital inputs and output relays.
Protocol options
Outlines the various communication protocols supported by the relay, such as K-Bus, Modbus, and IEC 61850.
Hardware options
Details the available hardware options for the MiCOM P442 and P444 relays, including IRIG-B and Ethernet interfaces.
Mechanical Specification
Describes the relay's mechanical design, including case sizes, mounting options, and enclosure protection ratings.
Terminals
Details the AC Current and Voltage Measuring Inputs, General Input/Output Terminals, and Case Protective Earth Connection.
Front Port Serial PC Interface
Specifies the serial PC interface details for the front port, including connector type and PEB rating.
Front Download/Monitor Port
Details the front port for firmware downloads, including PEB rating and isolation to ELV level.
Rear Communications Port
Describes the rear communications port, including K-Bus/EIA(RS485) signal levels and Ethernet (copper & fibre) options.
Optional Rear IRIG-B Interface
Details the optional rear IRIG-B interface for external clock synchronization.
Optional Rear Fiber Connection for SCADA/DCS
Describes the optional rear fiber optic connection for SCADA/DCS, including interface and data rate.
Optional Rear Ethernet Connection for IEC 61850
Details the optional rear Ethernet connection for IEC 61850, including interface and isolation.
Optional Rear redundant Ethernet connection for IEC 61850
Describes the optional rear redundant Ethernet connection for IEC 61850, including interface and connector style.
Fiber defect connector (watchdog relay)
Details the fiber defect connector for the watchdog relay, including terminals and breaking capacity.
Ratings
Provides AC Measuring Inputs, AC Current, and AC Voltage ratings, including nominal values and thermal withstand.
Power supply
Details the auxiliary voltage options, operating range, nominal burden, power-up time, and power supply interruption.
Environmental Conditions
Specifies ambient temperature range, humidity range, pollution degree, and corrosive environments.
Type Tests
Details Insulation and Creepage Distances and Clearances tests as per IEC standards.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Covers EMC tests including high frequency disturbance, damped oscillatory, electrostatic discharge, and electrical fast transient tests.
Radiated Immunity from Digital Communications
Specifies requirements for immunity to radiated energy from digital communications systems.
Radiated Immunity from Digital Radio Telephones
Details immunity requirements for radiated energy from digital radio telephones.
Immunity to Conducted Disturbances Induced by Radio Frequency Fields
Specifies immunity requirements for conducted disturbances induced by radio frequency fields.
Mechanical Robustness
Details tests for mechanical robustness including vibration, shock, bump, and seismic tests.
Cyber Security
Provides information on the implemented cyber security measures and standards.
Timing and Accuracy
Details the timing and accuracy specifications for various protection functions, including distance protection and overcurrent elements.
Fault Locator
Describes the integral fault locator functionality, including data selection and processing algorithms.
Environmental Conditions
Specifies ambient temperature range, humidity range, pollution degree, and corrosive environments.
Getting Started
User interfaces and menu structure
Describes the relay's user interfaces, including front panel keypad/LCD, Courier, Modbus, IEC 60870-5-103, DNP3.0, and Ethernet.
Introduction to the relay
Provides an overview of the relay, including front panel and rear panel views, and connection details.
Relay connection and power-up
Details procedures for connecting the relay power supply and performing power-up checks, including auxiliary voltage versions.
Introduction to the user interfaces and settings options
Summarizes the measurement information and relay settings accessible via the front panel, Courier, and rear ports.
Menu structure
Explains the relay's menu structure, organized by categories: protection, disturbance recorder, and control/support settings.
Password protection
Describes the menu structure's access levels, password requirements, and how access is controlled.
Relay configuration
Details how to configure the relay by enabling or disabling functions and managing protection setting groups.
Front panel user interface (keypad and LCD)
Explains the front panel user interface, including keypad navigation, default displays, and menu time-out.
Front communication port user interface
Describes the front communication port (9-pin D-type connector) for EIA(RS)232 serial data communication with a PC.
Introduction to the Settings Application Software
Introduces the MiCOM S1 Agile software for managing IEDs, editing settings, and creating protection system models.
Setting
Relay setting configuration (“System Data” column)
Details the relay's system data configuration, including language, password, description, model number, and serial number.
Configuration column (“Configuration” menu)
Explains the configuration column for enabling/disabling relay functions and managing protection setting groups.
PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
Details all protection functions available in the relay, organized by type.
Distance zone settings (“Distance” menu)
Explains how to set line characteristics and protection zones for distance protection.
Distance protection schemes (“Distance Scheme” menu)
Describes the available distance protection schemes, including standard and aided schemes.
Power Swing detection and blocking (PSB) (“Power swing” menu)
Details power swing detection and blocking logic, including band settings and unblocking criteria.
Directional and non-directional overcurrent protection (“Back-up I>” menu)
Explains directional and non-directional overcurrent protection settings, including time-delay characteristics.
Negative sequence overcurrent protection (“NEG sequence O/C” menu)
Details negative sequence overcurrent protection settings, including current pickup and time delay.
Maximum of Residual Power Protection – Zero Sequence Power Protection (“Zero Seq Power” menu)
Describes the zero sequence power protection settings for earth fault detection.
Broken conductor detection
Explains the settings for broken conductor detection, including pick-up level and time delay.
Directional and non-directional earth fault protection (“Earth fault O/C” menu)
Details directional and non-directional earth fault protection elements and their settings.
Aided Directional Earth Fault (DEF) protection schemes (“Aided D.E.F” menu)
Describes the aided directional earth fault protection schemes, including polarization and tripping logic.
Thermal overload (“Thermal overload” menu)
Details the thermal overload protection settings, including thermal characteristics and trip settings.
Residual overvoltage (neutral displacement) protection (“Residual overvoltage” menu)
Explains residual overvoltage protection settings, including VN type, voltage set, and time delay.
Undercurrent protection (“I< protection” menu)
Details the undercurrent protection settings, including I< mode, current set, and time delay for two stages.
Voltage protection (“Volt protection” menu)
Covers undervoltage and overvoltage protection settings, including measurement mode and thresholds.
Frequency protection (“Freq protection” menu)
Details underfrequency and overfrequency protection settings, including threshold and time delay for multiple stages.
Circuit breaker fail protection (CBF) (“CB Fail & I<” menu)
Explains circuit breaker fail protection settings, including CB fail status, timer, and reset mechanisms.
NON-PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
Covers non-protection functions such as circuit breaker condition monitoring and control.
Circuit breaker condition monitoring (“CB Condition” and “CB monitor setup” menus)
Details CB condition monitoring features, including operations count, fault current, and operating time.
Circuit Breaker Control (“CB Control” menu)
Describes options for controlling a single circuit breaker, including local and remote tripping/closing.
CT and VT ratio
Details the settings for Current Transformer (CT) and Voltage Transformer (VT) ratios for phase and mutual compensation.
“Record control” column
Explains how to disable the reporting of events from various interfaces and the effect of these settings.
Disturbance recorder (“Disturb recorder” menu)
Describes the integral disturbance recorder, including memory, sampling rate, and extraction methods.
Measurements (“Measure’t setup” column)
Covers measurement setup options, including default display, local/remote values, measurement reference, and mode.
“Communications” column
Details communication settings for Courier, IEC 60870-5-103, Modbus, DNP3.0, and Ethernet protocols.
HOTKEYS / Control inputs (“Control input”, “Ctrl I/P config” and “Ctrl I/P label” menus)
Explains control inputs, their assignment to hotkeys, configuration, and labels for custom applications.
InterMiCOM Teleprotection (P442/P444 only, “InterMiCOM comms” and “InterMiCOM conf” menus)
Details InterMiCOM teleprotection settings, including communication channel configuration and fallback operation modes.
Programmable function keys and tricolour LEDs (“Function key” menu)
Describes the function keys and their associated LEDs, allowing custom assignment for relay functions.
Ethernet NCIT (IEC 61850-9-2 Etherne board option only)
Explains the configuration of the Ethernet NCIT board for IEC 61850-9-2LE communication.
“IED configurator” column (P442 / P444 only)
Details the IED configurator column for IEC 61850 configuration, including IP parameters and SNTP settings.
Supervision (“Supervision” menu)
Covers supervision functions for Voltage Transformer (VTS), Current Transformer (CTS), and Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT).
Check synchronisation (“System check” menu)
Details check synchronism settings for autoreclosure and manual CB closure, including live/dead conditions.
Programmable Logic
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC (PSL)
Describes the Programmable Scheme Logic (PSL) module for creating customized internal logic using logic gates and timers.
Description of P442 and P444 Logic Nodes
Details the P442 and P444 logic nodes, sorted by DDB number and name, including descriptions and sources.
Factory default programmable scheme logic
Outlines the factory default PSL, including logic input mapping, output contact mapping, and programmable LED output mapping.
MICOM PX40 IEC 61850 IED CONFIGURATOR
Explains the IEC 61850 Configurator tool for configuring IEC 61850 settings of MiCOM IEDs.
GOOSE EDITOR
Describes the GOOSE Editor for editing UCA2 GOOSE settings and mapping GOOSE inputs/outputs.
Firmware Design
RELAY SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Provides an overview of the relay's modular hardware design, including power supply, processor, and communication boards.
HARDWARE MODULES
Describes the various hardware modules of the relay, such as processor board, input module, and output relay boards.
RELAY SOFTWARE
Details the relay's software architecture, including real-time operating system, system services, platform, and protection & control software.
SELF TESTING & DIAGNOSTICS
Explains the relay's self-monitoring functions for checking hardware and software operation, including start-up and continuous self-testing.
Commissioning
INTRODUCTION
Provides an overview of the commissioning process for MiCOM P44x distance protection relays.
SETTING FAMILIARISATION
Guides the user through familiarizing with the relay's settings application methods.
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR COMMISSIONING
Lists the minimum and optional equipment required for commissioning the relay.
PRODUCT CHECKS
Details product checks for physical damage, functionality, and measurement accuracy before commissioning.
SETTING CHECKS
Ensures application-specific settings are correctly applied and verified, covering various protection functions.
Demonstrate Correct Distance Function Operation
Explains functional tests for distance protection, including start control and characteristic limits.
ON-LOAD CHECKS
Describes on-load checks to ensure external wiring to current and voltage inputs is correct.
FINAL CHECKS
Provides final steps after testing, including removing test leads, replacing covers, and resetting records.
SCADA Communications
SCADA COMMUNICATIONS
Outlines the remote communication interfaces of the MiCOM relay, supporting Courier, MODBUS, IEC 60870-5-103, DNP3.0, and Ethernet protocols.
Rear port information and connection advice – EIA(RS)485 protocols
Provides information and connection advice for the rear EIA(RS)485 communication port, including bus connections and biasing.
Courier interface
Details the Courier protocol, supported command set, relay database, and setting changes.
MODBUS INTERFACE
Explains the MODBUS interface, including communication link, function codes, response codes, and register mapping.
DNP3.0 INTERFACE
Describes the DNP3.0 protocol, menu settings, and object definitions for binary inputs, outputs, counters, and analog inputs.
IEC 61850 ETHERNET INTERFACE
Explains the IEC 61850 standard for Ethernet-based communication in substations and its implementation in MiCOM relays.
Symbols and Glossary
Logic Symbols used
Defines logic symbols used in diagrams, including AND, OR, SR Flip-Flop, Exclusive OR, and Inverter gates.
Logic Timers
Explains logic symbols for timers: delay on pick-up, drop-off, pulse, and latching timers.
Logic Gates
Provides truth tables for AND, OR, S-R Flip-Flop, Exclusive OR, and Programmable Gate logic symbols.
Installation
RECEIPT OF RELAYS
Provides guidelines for inspecting relays upon receipt for external damage and handling procedures.
HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Details precautions for handling electronic components to prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage.
STORAGE
Provides recommendations for storing relays free from dust and moisture, including battery isolation during storage.
UNPACKING
Instructs on careful unpacking of relays to prevent damage and ensure all components are present.
RELAY MOUNTING
Describes relay mounting options, including panel mounting, rack mounting, and the use of blanking plates.
RELAY WIRING
Guides the selection of appropriate cable and connector types for terminal connections on the MiCOM relay.
MICOM P442 – REAR VIEW (HARDWARE M)
Illustrates the rear view of the MICOM P442 relay, identifying hardware modules and options.
MICOM P444 – HARDWARE DESCRIPTION (HARWARE M)
Provides a hardware description for the MICOM P444 relay, including mechanical layout and rear view.
MICOM P442 with Standard contacts - Wiring Diagram (1/5)
Wiring diagram for MICOM P442 with standard contacts.
MICOM P442 with High Break contacts - Wiring Diagram (2/5)
Wiring diagram for MICOM P442 with high break contacts.
MICOM P442 with NCIT and Standard contacts - Wiring Diagram (3/5)
Wiring diagram for MICOM P442 with NCIT and standard contacts.
MICOM P442 with NCIT and High Break contacts - Wiring Diagram (4/5)
Wiring diagram for MICOM P442 with NCIT and high break contacts.
MICOM P442 – Wiring Diagram (5/5)
Wiring diagram for MICOM P442, showing overall connections.
Cyber Security
OVERVIEW
Discusses the evolution of substation networks towards standardization and the associated security risks.
THE NEED FOR CYBER SECURITY
Explains the importance of cyber security, its requirements, and common vulnerabilities in substation environments.
STANDARDS
Lists standards applicable to substation cyber security, including NERC CIP and IEEE 1686-2007.
NERC Compliance
Details NERC CIP standards for critical infrastructure protection and utility responsibilities for compliance.
IEEE 1686-2007
Describes IEEE standards for substation IEDs cyber security capabilities, including password features and access levels.
PX40 CYBER SECURITY IMPLEMENTATION
Outlines the cyber security implementation in PX40 relays, including four-level access, password management, and port disablement.
Password Strengthening
Specifies requirements for NERC-compliant passwords, including character types and length.
Password validation
Explains how the IED checks for NERC compliance and handles non-compliant passwords.
Password Management
Details password entry lockout, attempts timer, blocking timer, and fallback level settings.
Password Recovery
Provides procedures for password recovery using a security code and explains password encryption.
Port Disablement
Describes how to disable unused physical and logical ports, including necessary password levels.
Logging out
Explains how to log out of the IED after configuration, including prompts for confirmation.
Events
Lists NERC-compliant cyber security events, including password status and configuration changes.
Troubleshooting
INTRODUCTION
Provides guidance on identifying error conditions and taking corrective actions.
INITIAL PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
Guides users to match experienced problems with descriptions and referenced sections for detailed analysis.
POWER UP ERRORS
Details procedures to troubleshoot power-up issues, checking external wiring, fuses, and power supply modules.
ERROR MESSAGE/CODE ON POWER-UP
Explains error messages and codes displayed during the relay's power-up self-testing.
OUT OF SERVICE LED ILLUMINATED ON POWER UP
Troubleshoots issues related to the 'Out of Service' LED illumination on power-up, checking test mode and maintenance records.
ERROR CODE DURING OPERATION
Lists error codes reported during relay operation, providing hex and decimal values and their meaning.
MAL-OPERATION OF THE RELAY DURING TESTING
Addresses potential mal-operations during testing, covering failure of output contacts and opto-isolated inputs.
Incorrect analog signals
Guides on verifying analog signal accuracy by comparing measured values with actual magnitudes at relay terminals.
PSL editor troubleshooting
Provides troubleshooting steps for PSL editor connection issues, including relay address, password, and communication setup.
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